CN103163904B - Photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on crop growth mode and device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on a crop growth mode includes: firstly, building an illumination need model based on green house crops, a photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and a luminous environment mathematical model of crop canopies, building a multi-parameter, multivariable and nonlinearity coupling pair time differential equation, achieving utilizing an optimization algorithm to design, regulate and control a photovoltaic greenhouse cell array under conditions of different illumination intensity, different illumination angles and different temperatures by solving the differential equation, and achieving solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum electric energy production under a condition which satisfies greenhouse crop growth conditions. The invention provides a device used for achieving the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode. The invention provides the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode and the device of the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode, and the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode is capable of effectively achieving greenhouse photovoltaic power generation and effective regulation and control of crop growth and energy.

Description

A kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model and device thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to method for designing and the regulation and control field in photovoltaic generation greenhouse, especially relate to a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method.

Background technology

At present, many environmental issues that global economic development causes become the focus of world attention, and coal, oil, rock gas etc. simultaneously as most important energy substance can utilize fossil energy to face exhaustion at last, develop renewable substitute energy imperative.Under nuclear energy surface faces the situation such as security crisis, biomass energy experience grain security; the status that sun power development is given prominence to as New Energy Industry; therefore can realize solar electrical energy generation, can ensure that again the photovoltaic greenhouse of grain and agricultural product security supply will have important development prospect.Both can while guarantee plant development effect, no matter make full use of this inexhaustible regenerative resource of sun power, be to greenhouse production industry, or all have very important significance to the living environment of the whole mankind.

In order to improve output efficiency and reduce cost of electricity-generating, the key technical problem of photovoltaic greenhouse development be how in coordinated allocation greenhouse plant growth and photovoltaic generation to the demand of solar irradiation.When realizing meeting plant growth, realize the maximization of photovoltaic efficiency, and wherein the layout of greenhouse roof photovoltaic panel is the key addressed this problem with regulating and controlling to design.Therefore the present invention is based on the luminous environment mathematical model of the lighting requirements model of chamber crop, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and crop canopies, and in conjunction with optimized algorithm photovoltaic greenhouse array designed and regulate and control, realize meeting the solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt under chamber crop growth conditions.

Therefore studying different photovoltaic battery array area, layout and angle etc. and affect basic law analysis to warm Interior Illumination Environment, is to contribute in coordinated allocation greenhouse plant growth and photovoltaic generation to the demand of solar irradiation.Realize photodistributed uniformity coefficient in greenhouse, be conducive to the normal growth of indoor all crops, be also conducive to the most effective of photovoltaic generation.Therefore the appropriate design of greenhouse roof photovoltaic panel array has very important significance for the manufacture and exploit of photovoltaic greenhouse.

Research photovoltaic greenhouse generating battery Array Design and regulate and control method mainly contain test design method and mathematical model analogy method.Test design method is fairly simple, directly perceived, effective, and shortcoming is that investment is large, and the cycle is long and optimal design is difficult.Mathematical simulation investment is little, easily calculate, the specific condition that cannot be able to realize test method or complex state is simulated and correlation behavior conversion process, but must carry out revising according to practical study characteristics of objects its validity just can be made to be guaranteed.

Photovoltaic greenhouse is owing to will test the experimental data under various weather conditions, and the test period of being sure to is longer.If carry out site operation and test in the jejune situation of design, the economic losses such as larger crop can be caused, and easily cause problems such as repeatedly doing over again.Therefore, adopt Mathematical Modelling Method at design photovoltaic greenhouse panel array, and under the condition ensureing plant growth, design is optimized to greenhouse panel Array Design and regulation and control, guarantees the scientific rationality that photovoltaic greenhouse array designs.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the existing technical matters that cannot realize greenhouse photovoltaic generation and plant growth and Energy Efficient regulation and control, the invention provides and a kind ofly effectively realize greenhouse photovoltaic generation and plant growth, the photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model of Energy Efficient regulation and control and device thereof.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

Based on a photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method for crop growth model, described distribution method comprises the following steps

1) the luminous environment mathematical model based on the lighting requirements model of chamber crop, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and crop canopies is set up, wherein,

Described photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and based on the lighting requirements model of chamber crop by following physical model representation: at chamber crop list leaf stoma resistance r _s, ignore CO ₂the minor impact of concentration, adopting humidity factor and stoping increases stomatal resistance under the leaf temp of setting, and the relation drawn is as follows:

$r_s=r_{\min }f\left(\stackrel{\‾}{I_s}\right)f\left(T_s\right)f(X_c-X_a)$

Wherein, for the average shortwave radiation of unit leaf area; T _cunit is DEG C; X unit is gm ^-3; r _minminimum stomatal resistance optimal coefficient;

According to the demand of the whole process of plant growth, to photovoltaic panel area a, b value, and panel number effectively retrains;

The process of establishing of the luminous environment mathematical model of described crop canopies: according to the impact on the direct radiation of sunshine, scattered radiation such as different photovoltaic battery array area, layout and angle, and consider that plant growth is to factors such as radiation effects, based on two-way ray tracking technology, set up the Interior Illumination Environment model under photovoltaic battery array impact; The two-way ray tracking technology of improvement under greenhouse photovoltaic panel impact adopts global illumination model to be expressed as: $I=k_{c}G+{\∫}_s{I}_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i[k_d{K}_d(N_0\·L_0)+k_m{K}_m{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]+{\∫}_s\frac{I_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i}{\mathrm{\π}}\left[{k_d}^{\′}{K_d}^{\′}\right|(N_0\·L_0)|+k_t{K}_t{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]---\left(1\right)$

In formula, k _cg is the photovoltaic greenhouse internal radiation intensity that traditional ray tracking technology is obtained, and G is outdoor intensity of solar radiation, k _cfor the transmittance of barrier material.If by photovoltaic panel shield, then k _cfor the transmittance of photovoltaic panel; As unobstructed, k _cbe the transmittance of chamber covering material; Section 2 is all indirection point light source summations formed after mirror-reflection light source; Section 3 is all indirection point light source summations produced after regular transmission light source; I _i' be the incident light brightness of indirection point light source; K _dfor diffuse reflectance; K _d' be diffuse transmittance; k _dfor diffuse-reflection factor; k _d' be diffuse transmission factor; K _mfor specular reflectance; k _mfor specularity factor; K _tfor regular transmission factor; k _tfor regular transmittance; N ₀for unit normal vector; L ₀for unit light vector; D ω _ifor the solid angle of incident angle.Outdoor light source is assumed to be desirable pointolite, installs and carries out effective modeling to the luminous environment impact of crop canopies, determine position proportional COEFFICIENT K for battery panel _i; And utilize global illumination model to calculate intensity of illumination and the luminous environment part of crop canopies, choose the object of critical angle as simulation of sun direct projection under critical period Different climate condition in crop cycle;

2) multiparameter, multivariate, Non-linear coupling is set up to time diffusion equation, by under the solving and realize different illumination intensity, lighting angle and temperature conditions of the differential equation, and in conjunction with optimized algorithm photovoltaic greenhouse array designed and regulate and control, realize meeting the solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt under chamber crop growth conditions.

Further, described step 2) in, optimized algorithm is genetic algorithm, according to the constraint condition of Modling model, adopt genetic algorithm optimization layout and area parameters, distance x1, the x2 of standard width of a room in an old-style house border, Optimal Parameters greenhouse and first piece of battery panel and second piece of battery panel, the distance y of battery panel and greenhouse ridge, the length a of every block battery panel, width b, optimizing process step is as follows:

2.1) x1, x2, y, a, b parameter colony after initialization, each stochastic parameter generates n individuality as initial population P (0), arranges maximum evolutionary generation T;

2.2) calculate Population adaptation angle value, and judge whether population optimum solution meets settings;

2.3) if meet, directly optimal result is exported;

2.4) if do not meet: program sorts to each fitness value of initial population, the result according to sequence selects particle, directly hereditary to outstanding particle, to carrying out crossover and mutation computing, produces new population;

2.5) then, calculate new population and judge whether to meet settings, or reach maximum iteration time T, then the maximum adaptation degree individuality that has obtained in evolutionary process exports as optimum solution, stops calculating.If meet and directly draw optimal result, enter circulation next time if do not meet, circular flow like this, finally draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, b result, thus realizes the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array.

Further again, described device comprises angular adjustment gear train, the battery panel connection angle adjusting transmission mechanism of described greenhouse roof photovoltaic array, described angular adjustment gear train is by reducing motor, coupling shaft, driving gear, craspedodrome tooth bar, follower gear, turning axle, spring bearing, sliding bearing, gear-arc-shaped rack, rolling pulley, environmental sensor, form with control executive system, gear-craspedodrome tooth bar, gear-arc-shaped rack connecting portion is all made up of register pin and tooth bar length adjustment clamp nut, arrange below craspedodrome rack-and-pinion and can be easy to tooth bar is slided and the roller providing support face.

Further, according to the spatial position change due to battery panel arc-shaped rack in rotation process, the conversion of different-diameter diameter is followed by the rotating speed of segmentation circular-arc, 3 stages can be divided into from 0 degree to maximum angle, the working time in each stage and the relation of whole opening time and 3 different-diameters as follows: $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ $t_2=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_1}{R_2}),$ $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ Adopt realize reaching the control of battery panel angle the working time controlling reducing motor.

Further, described control executive system is made up of signal picker, embedded computer, relay signal follower, reducing motor;

Described signal picker, illumination inside and outside receiving chamber, Temperature Humidity Sensor data, and be uploaded to embedded computer after carrying out pretreatment operation;

Described embedded computer, for the core of greenhouse photovoltaic generation and environmental Kuznets Curves, receive the signal such as digital indoor and outdoor illumination, humiture that data acquisition unit is uploaded, identify current environment, illumination conditions, and send corresponding steering order to relay signal follower;

Described relay signal follower, receives the steering order that embedded computer sends, and produces corresponding forceful electric power signal, completes the driving of photovoltaic battery panel reducing motor;

Described reducing motor is connected with photovoltaic panel by two-stage rack-and-pinion control gear, and according to the instruction that computing machine sends, the aperture completing photovoltaic panel regulates.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in:

1) can simulate photovoltaic greenhouse Interior Illumination Environment preferably, be the effective ways at modeling effort indoor illumination environment.

2) this method is not by design photovoltaic greenhouse place, the isoparametric restriction of structure, convenient, fast, applied range, and saved design time and design cost.

3) this device can realize the Energy Efficient regulation and control that greenhouse photovoltaic generation and plant growth effectively grow.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is photovoltaic greenhouse and control schematic diagram; In accompanying drawing 1: 1-wets curtain 2-blower fan 3-crop 4-indoor temperature and humidity, optical sensor 5-implementation controller 6-embedded computer 7-outdoor radiation sensor 8-photovoltaic battery panel 9-data acquisition unit.

Fig. 2 is battery panel rotation drive machine and Optimal Parameters; 1-reducing motor 2-coupling shaft 3-initiatively 4-craspedodrome tooth bar 5-spring bearing 6-rotation axis 7-arc gear wheel tooth bar 8-photovoltaic battery panel 9-follower gear 10-driving shaft in accompanying drawing 2.

Fig. 3 is that principal and subordinate's gear-tooth bar drives sketch; 1-driving gear 2-straight shape tooth bar 3-roller 4-follower gear in accompanying drawing 3.

Fig. 4 is the relation calculation diagram of tooth bar spatial movement and rotational angle.

Fig. 5 is photovoltaic battery array optimal design general flow chart.

Fig. 6 is that the arrangement mode that the present invention chooses that battery panel length and width are respectively the selection topological analysis of the polysilicon chip of 1650*990mm: Fig. 6 (a) is along greenhouse longitudinal direction straight row; Fig. 6 (b) is staggered; Fig. 6 (c) is horizontal, longitudinal separation arrangement mode along greenhouse.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, below the present invention is described in detail.

With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6, a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model, set up based on crop canopies luminous environment model in the greenhouse of bi-directional light line following, with the Wen Luoshi of modern times domestic extensive application (VENLO) glasshouse for example, conclusive plant growth illumination model and photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model is played in conjunction with Stoma of Leaves resistance, adopt the optimized algorithm that genetic algorithm combines, to ensure to meet the larger generated energy of photovoltaic cell under plant growth luminous environment, and ensure the optimal design finally realizing greenhouse photovoltaic panel array within the very fast time.

Described based on crop canopies luminous environment model in the greenhouse of bi-directional light line following, namely according to the impact on the direct radiation of sunshine, scattered radiation such as different photovoltaic battery array area, layout and angle, and consider that plant growth is to factors such as radiation effects, based on two-way ray tracking technology, set up the Interior Illumination Environment model under photovoltaic battery array impact.

Because the constraints such as different photovoltaic battery array area, layout and sun direct projection angle are a lot, if simulation trial is carried out in the combination such as each angle, area layout, the workload then simulated is very large, in actual mechanical process, it is almost impossible for will simulating above-mentioned various situation completely, and wherein most cases is very unnecessary yet.For this problem, just must choose the model investigation method of key parameter, namely when investigating institute's research object, to analyze in simulated conditions which factor to its significant role of simulation, which is secondary, does not play a decisive role.

The angle of sun direct projection can from the luminous environment of the process simulation greenhouse implants canopy of dome-type each point dynamic change.Wherein according to the construction direction and dimension etc. in greenhouse, choose sun Various Seasonal key day, be divided into fine day, cloudy day and rainy situation, carry out the situation of change of Interior Illumination Environment in simulation one day respectively.Because layout is different, different on the impact of each local luminous environment in greenhouse, therefore under different layout, choose the luminous environment sunykatuib analysis of indoor several key point.

Forward trace can the specular light Sum fanction transmitted light of computing environment on the impact of diffuse reflection surface luminance brightness.The global illumination model that two-way ray tracking technology adopts can be expressed as:

$I=k_{c}G+{\∫}_s{I}_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i[k_d{K}_d(N_0\·L_0)+k_m{K}_m{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]+{\∫}_s\frac{I_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i}{\mathrm{\π}}\left[{k_d}^{\′}{K_d}^{\′}\right|(N_0\·L_0)|+k_t{K}_t{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]---\left(1\right)$

In formula, k _cg is the photovoltaic greenhouse internal radiation intensity that traditional ray tracking technology is obtained, and G is outdoor intensity of solar radiation, k _cfor the transmittance of barrier material.If by photovoltaic panel shield, then k _cfor the transmittance of photovoltaic panel; As unobstructed, k _cbe the transmittance of chamber covering material; Section 2 is all indirection point light source summations formed after mirror-reflection light source; Section 3 is all indirection point light source summations produced after regular transmission light source; I _i' be the incident light brightness of indirection point light source; K _dfor diffuse reflectance; K _d' be diffuse transmittance; k _dfor diffuse-reflection factor; k _d' be diffuse transmission factor; K _mfor specular reflectance; k _mfor specularity factor; K _tfor regular transmission factor; k _tfor regular transmittance; N ₀for unit normal vector; L ₀for unit light vector; D ω _ifor the solid angle of incident angle.

Outdoor light source (solar radiation) is assumed to be desirable pointolite, to facilitate the luminous energy size determining to arrive illuminated point.Install for battery panel and effective modeling is carried out on the luminous environment impact of crop canopies, not only consider the factor of sun direct projection, also need to consider irreflexive impact, mainly identify position proportional COEFFICIENT K wherein _idetermination.Position proportional COEFFICIENT K _iaccording to photovoltaic panel layout to the impact analysis of indoor illumination environment to diverse location, determine Reasonable Parameters value in conjunction with short form test simulation.And utilize global illumination model to calculate intensity of illumination and the luminous environment part of crop canopies, choose the object of critical angle as simulation of sun direct projection under critical period Different climate condition in crop cycle, reduce the calculated amount of simulation, to calculate function realizing convergence as early as possible.

In conjunction with the luminous environment mathematical model of the lighting requirements of chamber crop, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and above-mentioned crop canopies, set up multiparameter, multivariate, Non-linear coupling to time diffusion equation, solve by the differential equation illumination real time coordination distribution mechanism realizing plant growth under different illumination intensity, lighting angle and temperature conditions and photovoltaic generation.The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell and make object light demand can by following physical model representation.

Form according to the inner structure of photovoltaic solar cell panel and the upper diode of current source parallel connection that exports equivalent electrical circuit that volt-ampere characteristic obtains photovoltaic arrays and affect by light intensity and temperature by one resistance of connecting again.The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell can be expressed as follows:

$I=I_{\mathrm{PH}}-I_0\·(e^{\frac{q\·(V+I\·R_S)}{\mathrm{nkT}}}-1)-\frac{U+R_S\·I}{R_{\mathrm{SH}}}---\left(2\right)$

Ideally RS can be approximately zero, RSH and be approximately infinitely great, is reduced to:

$I=I_{\mathrm{PH}}-I_0\·(e^{\frac{q\·V}{\mathrm{nkT}}}-1)$

P=V·I （3）

I is output current; IPH is photogenerated current; I0 is reverse saturation current; Q is electron charge; V is output voltage; Rs is resistance in series; N is diode quality factor; K is Boltzmann constant; T is Kelvin temperature; RSH is parallel resistance;

Photosynthesis and the transpiration of chamber crop growth are interrelated, and be the necessary condition of plant growth, wherein play conclusive effect by the Stoma of Leaves resistance that external environment influence is important, therefore described object light demand of doing can be embodied by stomatal resistance.At chamber crop list leaf stoma resistance (r _s), ignore CO ₂the minor impact of concentration, adopting humidity factor and stoping increases stomatal resistance under certain leaf temp, and the relation drawn is as follows:

$r_s=r_{\min }f\left(\stackrel{\‾}{I_s}\right)f\left(T_c\right)f(X_c-X_a)=r_{\min }\left[\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{I_s}+k_{s1}}{\stackrel{\‾}{I_s}+k_{s2}}\right]\left[\frac{e^{0.3T_c}+258}{e^{0.3T_c}+27}\right][4\×{10}^{-3}+e^{-0.73(x_c-x_a)}]---\left(4\right)$

Wherein, for the average shortwave radiation of unit leaf area; T _ccurrent indoor temperature, unit is DEG C; x _c, x _abe divided into indoor actual absolute humidity and saturated humidity ratio, unit is gm ^-3; r _minminimum stomatal resistance optimal coefficient.K _s1, k _s2for suitable correction factor, different crops is distinguished to some extent, as tomato crop modified value is respectively 4.3,0.54.

The optimized algorithm photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt be met under chamber crop growth conditions is utilized to be the core missions of photovoltaic greenhouse battery panel array.For this problem, adopt a kind of optimization method of real code genetic algorithm to realize the design of photovoltaic greenhouse battery panel array optimization, realization meets the larger generated energy of photovoltaic cell under plant growth luminous environment.

The present invention, according to the constraint condition of Modling model, adopts genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize distribution and the parameter such as area.Optimal Parameters is as parameter x1, x2, y, a, b in accompanying drawing 2, and Optimizing Flow is as accompanying drawing 5, and process steps is as follows:

1) x1, x2, y, a, b parameter colony after initialization, each stochastic parameter generates n individuality as initial population P (0), arranges maximum evolutionary generation T.

2) calculate Population adaptation angle value, and judge whether population optimum solution meets settings;

3) if meet, directly optimal result is exported;

4) if do not meet: program sorts to each fitness value of initial population, the result according to sequence selects particle, directly hereditary to " outstanding " particle, to carrying out crossover and mutation computing, produces new population;

4) then, calculate new population and judge whether to meet settings, or reach maximum iteration time T, then the maximum adaptation degree individuality that has obtained in evolutionary process exports as optimum solution, stops calculating.If meet and directly draw optimal result, enter circulation next time if do not meet, circular flow like this, finally draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, b result, thus realizes the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array.

The angular adjustment gear train of photovoltaic greenhouse battery panel as shown in Figure 2, by reducing motor, coupling shaft, driving gear, craspedodrome tooth bar, follower gear, turning axle, spring bearing, sliding bearing, gear-arc-shaped rack, rolling pulley, environmental sensor, with control executive system form.Sliding bearing realizes the rotary support of battery panel and back shaft, meets the ability that panel has rotary motion.Installation and removal can be facilitated, simultaneously the axle own rotation function that do not affect or interfere panel to rotate.

Reducing motor selects power to be 0.55kw, and ratio of gear is 1:300, and output speed is 2.8rpm, and rated speed is 1400r/min, and concrete model is DWPSV75.The axle of coupling shaft the selection of material to be 45 steel diameters be Φ 32mm, adopt rubbercushioned sleeve bearing coupling to connect, its bore dia is Φ 32mm. driving gear aperture is Φ 32mm, and diameter is 50mm.A type straight shape tooth bar selected by transmission gear.In order to increase the moment of torsion of rotation axis, be Φ 150mm through checking the reference diameter devising follower gear, adopting diameter to be Φ 50mm length is 300mm axle.Rubbercushioned sleeve bearing coupling connection of rotating axle is adopted to select Φ 32*3.0 hot galvanized steel pipe.The rotation of principal and subordinate's gear is than being 1:3.

Gear-arc-shaped rack connecting portion is all made up of register pin and tooth bar length adjustment clamp nut M8, facilitates the adjustment of tooth bar length and location.The connection of gear-arc-shaped rack and battery panel adopts M8 bolt to connect, and adopts interference fit, meets the ability of rotary motion.Below craspedodrome rack-and-pinion, arrange the roller that can be easy to tooth bar is slided, be also the support roller of gear simultaneously.

In rack-and-pinion, principal and subordinate's pinion rotation is than fixing, and the rotating speed of reducing motor axle and the rotating ratio of rotation axis are fixed.Directly can coordinate with arc-shaped rack rotating speed in motor speed calculating and calculate.Because battery panel is in rotation process, the locus of arc-shaped rack is change, and cause same rotating speed to cause the rotational angle within the unit interval not to be at the uniform velocity, tooth bar movement position figure as shown in Figure 3.Arc can be divided into three sections of circular configurations, diameter is respectively R ₁, R ₂, R ₃.Therefore can divide three phases angle rotating speed, each angle beta of average rotation time used is different, opens the time in per stage be respectively t from 0 degree to maximum angle ₁, t ₂, t ₃, the time from 0 degree to maximum angle unlatching motor rotation is T.According to the calculating of circular arc girth, t can be obtained ₁, t ₂, t ₃with diameter R ₁, R ₂, R ₃with the relation of whole unlatching T, $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ $t_2=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_1}{R_2}),$ $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}).$

Therefore reach battery panel angle by the time of the method control motor rotation to control more accurately.

Complete photovoltaic greenhouse environmental parameter and topworks's state recognition and corresponding controlling functions, be made up of signal picker, embedded computer, relay signal follower, reducing motor.

All signals transmit and adopt the Controller Area Network(in serial bus interface to be called for short CAN) bussing technique.The device low energy-consumption electronic device that CAN transceiver adopts CAN and isolation technology based on Texas Instruments (Texas Instruments, TI) to combine, concrete model is ISO1050.

Described signal picker, acquisition chip has illumination inside and outside receiving chamber, Temperature Humidity Sensor data, and is uploaded to embedded computer after carrying out pretreatment operation;

Described embedded computer, optional industrial computer.For with the greenhouse photovoltaic generation of CAN receiving card and the core of environmental Kuznets Curves, interface card cocoa selects PCI-7841, receive the signal such as indoor and outdoor illumination, humiture that data acquisition unit is uploaded, identify the current digital signal such as environment, illumination conditions, and send corresponding steering order to relay signal follower;

Described relay signal follower, receives the steering order that embedded computer sends, and produces corresponding forceful electric power signal, completes photovoltaic battery panel reducing motor, the driving of the topworkies such as blower and water pump;

Described reducing motor is connected with photovoltaic panel by two-stage rack-and-pinion control gear, and according to the instruction that computing machine sends, the aperture completing photovoltaic panel regulates.Also has the temperature that greenhouse cooling mechanism wets in the unlatching conditioning chamber of curtain water pump, blower fan.

Finally, it is also to be noted that what enumerate above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, can also have many distortion, as many in greenhouse battery (list) crystal silicon panel changes the optimal design etc. of photovoltaic film or photovoltaic glass into.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can also directly derive from content disclosed by the invention or associate, all should think protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1., based on a photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method for crop growth model, it is characterized in that: described distribution method comprises the following steps:

1) the luminous environment mathematical model based on the lighting requirements model of chamber crop, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and crop canopies is set up, wherein,

Described photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and based on the lighting requirements model of chamber crop by following physical model representation: at chamber crop list leaf stoma resistance r _s, ignore CO ₂the minor impact of concentration, adopting humidity factor and stoping increases stomatal resistance under the leaf temp of setting, and the relation drawn is as follows:

$r_s=r_{\min }f\left(\stackrel{\‾}{I_s}\right)f\left(T_c\right)f(X_c-X_a)$

Wherein, for the average shortwave radiation of unit leaf area; T _cunit is DEG C; X _c, X _abe respectively indoor actual absolute humidity and saturated humidity ratio, unit is all gm ^-3; r _minminimum stomatal resistance optimal coefficient;

According to the demand of the whole process of plant growth, to photovoltaic panel area a, b value, and panel number effectively retrains;

The process of establishing of the luminous environment mathematical model of described crop canopies: according to the impact on the direct radiation of sunshine, scattered radiation such as different photovoltaic battery array area, layout and angle, and consider that plant growth is to factors such as radiation effects, based on two-way ray tracking technology, set up the Interior Illumination Environment model under photovoltaic battery array impact;

The two-way ray tracking technology of improvement under greenhouse photovoltaic panel impact adopts global illumination model to be expressed as:

$I=k_{c}G+{\∫}_s{I}_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i[k_d{K}_d(N_0\·L_0)+k_m{K}_m{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]+{\∫}_s\frac{I_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i}{\mathrm{\π}}\left[{k_d}^{\′}{K_d}^{\′}\right|(N_0\·L_0)|+k_t{K}_t{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]---\left(1\right)$

In formula, k _cg is the photovoltaic greenhouse internal radiation intensity that traditional ray tracking technology is obtained, and G is outdoor intensity of solar radiation, k _cfor the transmittance of barrier material, if by photovoltaic panel shield, then k _cfor the transmittance of photovoltaic panel; As blocked without photovoltaic panel, then k _cfor the transmittance of chamber covering material; Section 2 is all indirection point light source summations formed after mirror-reflection light source; Section 3 is all indirection point light source summations produced after regular transmission light source; I _i' be the incident light brightness of indirection point light source; K _dfor diffuse reflectance; K _d' be diffuse transmittance; k _dfor diffuse-reflection factor; k _d' be diffuse transmission factor; K _mfor specular reflectance; k _mfor specularity factor; K _tfor regular transmission factor; k _tfor regular transmittance; N ₀for unit normal vector; L ₀for unit light vector; D ω _ifor the solid angle of incident angle, outdoor light source is assumed to be desirable pointolite, installs and carries out effective modeling to the luminous environment impact of crop canopies, determine position proportional COEFFICIENT K for battery panel _i; And utilize global illumination model to calculate intensity of illumination and the luminous environment part of crop canopies, choose the object of critical angle as simulation of sun direct projection under critical period Different climate condition in crop cycle;

2) multiparameter, multivariate, Non-linear coupling is set up to time diffusion equation, by under the solving and realize different illumination intensity, lighting angle and temperature conditions of the differential equation, and in conjunction with optimized algorithm photovoltaic greenhouse array designed and regulate and control, realize meeting the solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt under chamber crop growth conditions.

2. a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in, optimized algorithm is genetic algorithm, according to the constraint condition of Modling model, adopt genetic algorithm optimization layout and area parameters, distance x1, the x2 of standard width of a room in an old-style house border, greenhouse and first piece of battery panel and second piece of battery panel, the distance y of battery panel and greenhouse ridge, the length a of every block battery panel, width b, optimizing process step is as follows:

2.1) x1, x2, y, a, b parameter colony after initialization, each stochastic parameter generates n individuality as initial population P (0), arranges maximum evolutionary generation T;

2.2) calculate Population adaptation angle value, and judge whether population optimum solution meets settings;

2.3) if meet, directly optimal result is exported;

2.4) if do not meet: program sorts to each fitness value of initial population, the result according to sequence selects particle, directly hereditary to outstanding particle, carries out crossover and mutation computing, produces new population;

2.5) then, calculate new population and judge whether to meet settings, or reaching maximum iteration time T.If meet settings or reach maximum iteration time T, then the maximum adaptation degree individuality that has obtained in evolutionary process exports as optimum solution, directly draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, b result, stops calculating; If do not meet settings and do not reach maximum iteration time T, then enter circulation next time, circular flow like this, finally draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, b result, thus realizes the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array.

3. one kind for realizing as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of the photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method of crop growth model, it is characterized in that: described device comprises angular adjustment gear train, the battery panel connection angle adjusting transmission mechanism of described greenhouse roof photovoltaic array, described angular adjustment gear train is by reducing motor, coupling shaft, driving gear, craspedodrome tooth bar, follower gear, turning axle, spring bearing, sliding bearing, gear-arc-shaped rack, rolling pulley, environmental sensor, form with control executive system, craspedodrome tooth bar, gear-arc-shaped rack connecting portion is all made up of register pin and tooth bar length adjustment clamp nut, arrange below craspedodrome tooth bar and can be easy to tooth bar is slided and the roller providing support face.

4. device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: according to the spatial position change due to battery panel arc-shaped rack in rotation process, the conversion of different-diameter is followed by the rotating speed of segmentation circular-arc, 3 stages can be divided into from 0 degree to maximum angle, the working time in each stage and the relation of whole opening time and 3 different-diameters as follows: $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),t_2=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_1}{R_2}),t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ Adopt realize reaching the control of battery panel angle the working time controlling reducing motor.

5. the device as described in claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that: described greenhouse roof photovoltaic array is connected with control executive system, and described control executive system is made up of signal picker, embedded computer, relay signal follower, reducing motor;

Described signal picker, illumination inside and outside receiving chamber, Temperature Humidity Sensor data, and be uploaded to embedded computer after carrying out pretreatment operation;

Described embedded computer, for the core of greenhouse photovoltaic generation and environmental Kuznets Curves, receive data acquisition unit upload digital indoor and outdoor illumination, temperature-humidity signal, identify current environment, illumination conditions, and send corresponding steering order to relay signal follower;

Described relay signal follower, receives the steering order that embedded computer sends, and produces corresponding forceful electric power signal, completes the driving of photovoltaic battery panel reducing motor;

Described reducing motor is connected with photovoltaic panel by two-stage rack-and-pinion control gear, and according to the instruction that computing machine sends, the aperture completing photovoltaic panel regulates.