CN103138328A - Cell balancing system and method - Google Patents

Cell balancing system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103138328A
CN103138328A CN2012104743589A CN201210474358A CN103138328A CN 103138328 A CN103138328 A CN 103138328A CN 2012104743589 A CN2012104743589 A CN 2012104743589A CN 201210474358 A CN201210474358 A CN 201210474358A CN 103138328 A CN103138328 A CN 103138328A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery unit
soc
battery
transducer
batteries
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Granted
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CN2012104743589A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103138328B (en
Inventor
X.唐
L.郝
X.毛
J-S.陈
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/80—Time limits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Abstract

A system and method may identifying an overcharged cell from among a plurality of cells of a battery pack. An undercharged cell may be identified from among any of the plurality of cells of the battery pack. A switch may be operated to connect the overcharged cell to the undercharged cell via a direct current (DC)-DC converter. The DC-DC converter may be operated to transfer charge from the overcharged cell to the undercharged cell.

Description

The balancing of battery cell system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the balancing of battery cell of the storage battery of for example motor vehicle.
Background technology
Rechargeable battery is designed to provide electrical power to system's (for example, motor vehicle or motor vehicle driven by mixed power).When the electric energy in being stored in storage battery was consumed wholly or in part, storage battery can pass through suitable charging device (for example, by being connected to electrical network or the generator by driving on vehicle and by vehicle part) and again charge.Typical rechargeable battery comprises the electrical power battery unit array of batteries form.Usually, each battery unit of batteries may be slightly different each other on its attribute.During charging or power being provided, the different battery units of batteries can be with the different rates charge or discharge.This species diversity of charge or discharge speed can cause the battery unit of the state of charge (SOC) of battery unit-battery unit difference, and for example the voltage by battery unit represents.This species diversity can reduce the efficient of battery unit, can shorten the useful life longevity of batteries, perhaps can cause the infringement of the system that batteries or storage battery connect.Due to this reason, batteries is provided with the circuit that allows balancing of battery cell usually.In balancing of battery cell, battery unit charge or discharge under the target of the consistent SOC that obtains all battery units.But the circuit accumulators group of some balancing of battery cell technology increases obvious weight, and this may be disadvantageous when batteries is intended to incorporate in mancarried device or vehicle.The enforcement of the certain methods of balancing of battery cell can cause the obvious dissipation loss of electric energy.
Thereby need a kind of can be in the situation that the balancing of battery cell method that relatively light circuit and the loss of small energy dissipation are implemented.
Summary of the invention
Thereby, according to embodiments of the invention, provide a kind of method, comprising: the battery unit that identification overcharges from a plurality of battery units of batteries; The battery unit of any battery unit identification undercharge from described a plurality of battery units of batteries; Console switch is to be connected to the battery unit that overcharges the battery unit of undercharge via direct current (DC)-DC transducer; And operate described DC-DC transducer electric charge is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from the battery unit that overcharges.
Embodiments of the invention can comprise: select battery unit from a plurality of battery units of batteries; Determine the SOC of selected battery unit; If the SOC of selected battery unit is different from the representative SOC of the battery unit of batteries, console switch is to be connected to Charge Source/container (charge source/sink) via the DC-DC transducer with selected battery unit so; If the SOC of selected battery unit greater than representative SOC, operates so described DC-DC transducer so that selected battery unit discharges into Charge Source/container; And if the SOC of selected battery unit operates described DC-DC transducer so that selected battery unit charges from Charge Source/container so less than representative SOC.
Embodiments of the invention comprise: a plurality of switches; Direct current (DC)-DC transducer; And controller, the battery unit that described controller overcharges in order to identification from a plurality of battery units of batteries; The battery unit of any battery unit identification undercharge from described a plurality of battery units of batteries; Operate at least one switch in described a plurality of switch via the DC-DC transducer, the battery unit that overcharges is connected to the battery unit of undercharge; And operate described DC-DC transducer electric charge is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from the battery unit that overcharges.
1. 1 kinds of methods of scheme comprise:
The battery unit that identification overcharges from a plurality of battery units of batteries;
The battery unit of any battery unit identification undercharge from described a plurality of battery units of batteries;
Console switch is to be connected to the battery unit that overcharges the battery unit of undercharge via direct current (DC)-DC transducer; And
Operate described DC-DC transducer electric charge is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from the battery unit that overcharges.
Scheme 2. method described according to scheme 1, wherein, the battery unit that identification overcharges and the battery unit of undercharge comprise the voltage of monitoring each battery unit.
Scheme 3. method described according to scheme 1, wherein, the battery unit that identification overcharges and the battery unit of undercharge comprise each battery unit of monitoring in order in described a plurality of battery unit.
Scheme 4. method described according to scheme 1, wherein, the battery unit that overcharges of identification comprises that the state of charge (SOC) of measuring battery unit is greater than the average SOC of the battery unit of batteries, and wherein, the battery unit of identification undercharge comprises that the SOC that measures battery unit is less than average SOC.
Scheme 5. method described according to scheme 1, wherein, operate described DC-DC transducer and comprise electric current, voltage and the duration of controlling the electric charge transmission, thereby the SOC of in identification battery unit is become the representative SOC of the battery unit that is substantially equal to batteries.
6. 1 kinds of methods of scheme comprise:
Select battery unit from a plurality of battery units of batteries;
Determine the state of charge (SOC) of selected battery unit;
If the SOC of selected battery unit is different from the representative SOC of the battery unit of batteries, console switch is to be connected to Charge Source/container via the DC-DC transducer with selected battery unit so;
If the SOC of selected battery unit greater than representative SOC, operates so described DC-DC transducer so that selected battery unit discharges into Charge Source/container; And
Selected battery unit is from Charge Source/container charging if the SOC of selected battery unit less than representative SOC, operates described DC-DC transducer so.
Scheme 7. method described according to scheme 6, wherein, representative SOC comprises the average SOC of the battery unit of batteries.
Scheme 8. method described according to scheme 6 wherein, selected battery unit to comprise and selected in order each battery unit.
Scheme 9. method described according to scheme 6, wherein, Charge Source/container comprises ultra-capacitor (UC).
Scheme 10. method described according to scheme 9, wherein, only the voltage of UC during less than maximal voltage level battery unit discharge to UC, and wherein, only the voltage of UC during greater than minimum voltage level battery unit charge from UC.
Scheme 11. method described according to scheme 10, when being included in UC voltage greater than maximal voltage level operation the 2nd DC-DC transducer to be discharging from UC to low pressure (LV) bus, and UC voltage during less than minimum voltage level operation the 2nd DC-DC transducer to charge to UC from the LV bus.
Scheme 12. method described according to scheme 6, wherein, Charge Source/container comprises the LV bus.
Scheme 13. method described according to scheme 6, wherein, Charge Source/container comprises high-voltage bus, and wherein, the DC-DC transducer comprises high pressure DC-DC transducer.
Scheme 14. method described according to scheme 6 wherein, operates described DC-DC transducer and comprises electric current, voltage and the duration of controlling the electric charge transmission, is substantially equal to representative SOC thereby the SOC of selected battery unit is become.
Scheme 15. method described according to scheme 6, wherein, if the SOC of selected battery unit is greater than representative SOC, Charge Source/container comprises that SOC is less than another battery unit of representative SOC so, if and the SOC of selected battery unit is less than representative SOC, Charge Source/container comprises that SOC is greater than another battery unit of representative SOC so.
16. 1 kinds of systems of scheme comprise:
A plurality of switches;
Direct current (DC)-DC transducer; And
Controller, the battery unit that described controller overcharges in order to identification from a plurality of battery units of batteries; The battery unit of any battery unit identification undercharge from described a plurality of battery units of batteries; Operate at least one switch in described a plurality of switch via the DC-DC transducer, the battery unit that overcharges is connected to the battery unit of undercharge; And operate described DC-DC transducer electric charge is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from the battery unit that overcharges.
Scheme 17. system described according to scheme 16 is included in motor vehicle.
Scheme 18. system described according to scheme 16, wherein, described switch comprises mos field effect transistor (MOSFET) or igbt (IGBT).
Scheme 19. system described according to scheme 16, wherein, described a plurality of switches can operate each battery unit in described a plurality of battery units is connected to any at least two connectors of DC-DC transducer independently.
Scheme 20. system described according to scheme 16, wherein, described a plurality of switches can operate the different connector that two different battery units in described a plurality of battery units is connected to the DC-DC transducer.
Description of drawings
Particularly point out and and claimedly clearly be used as subject content of the present invention at the latter end of specification.Yet the present invention is aspect system and method for operation and purpose thereof, Characteristics and advantages, by the reference following detailed description and read by reference to the accompanying drawings and can be understood best, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with the vehicle that configures the batteries that is used for balancing of battery cell according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the system that is used for self-supporting (self-supporting) active cell unit balance of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart according to the method that is used for self-supporting active cell unit balance of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is used for the flow chart of example of the method for self-supporting active cell unit balance according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 carries out the schematic diagram of the system of active cell unit balance according to the embodiment of the present invention via Charge Source/container;
Fig. 6 carries out the flow chart of the method for active cell unit balance according to the embodiment of the present invention via Charge Source/container;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the use ultra-capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention carries out the system of active cell unit balance;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that the use ultra-capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention carries out the method for active cell unit balance;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that ultra-capacitor that the use according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to low pressure (LV) bus carries out the system of active cell unit balance;
Figure 10 is the flow chart that ultra-capacitor that the use according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the LV bus carries out the method for active cell unit balance;
Figure 11 A carries out the schematic diagram of the system of active cell unit balance according to the use LV bus of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 B is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the use LV bus shown in Figure 11 A system that carries out active cell unit balance;
Figure 12 carries out the flow chart of the method for active cell unit balance according to the use LV bus of the embodiment of the present invention; With
Figure 13 carries out the schematic diagram of the system of active cell unit balance according to use high pressure (HV) bus of the embodiment of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings, can repeat reference numerals to indicate correspondence or similar element.And frames more illustrated in the accompanying drawings can be combined in individual feature.
Embodiment
In the following detailed description, set forth each detail, in order to the thorough understanding to the embodiment of the present invention is provided.Yet, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiment of the present invention can be in the situation that do not have these details and put into practice.In other cases, known method, process, parts and circuit are not described in detail, thereby make the present invention understandable.
unless concrete statement is separately arranged, can be clear from following discussion, run through this specification, utilized such as " processing ", " calculating ", " storage ", " determine ", " assessment ", " measurement ", " provide ", the discussion of the term of " transmission " etc. refers to action and/or the process of computer or computing system or similar computing electronics, it will be expressed as the data manipulation of physics (for example electronics) amount in the register of computing system and/or memory and/or convert the memory that is expressed as similarly computing system to, register or other this information storages, other data of physical quantity in transmission or display unit.
According to embodiments of the invention, initiatively the storage battery balancing of battery cell can be applicable to the battery unit of batteries.Active cell unit balance less than the feature of batteries or representativeness (for example can be transferred to electric charge state of charge in batteries (SOC), on average) SOC(for example, the average SOC of the battery unit of batteries) battery unit (perhaps increase the voltage of this battery unit or be stored in energy in this battery unit).Representative SOC can regularly determine, for example before beginning to carry out the balancing of battery cell method.For example, total SOC(that average cell cell S OC can be by measuring batteries for example measures via voltage and current) and total SOC is determined divided by the quantity of battery unit.As another example, average SOC can determine according to each SOC correlation measure on the battery unit of batteries.Active cell unit balance can be removed electric charge (perhaps reduce the voltage of this battery unit or remove energy from this battery unit) greater than the battery unit of feature SOC from SOC.The SOC of battery unit can obtain from the measuring voltage of battery unit or be relevant to the measuring voltage of battery unit, perhaps comes from other amount that can represent SOC.This paper should be understood to refer to reference to SOC any amount that its measured value represents SOC.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with the vehicle that configures the batteries that is used for balancing of battery cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.Vehicle 10 can represent the vehicle of being powered wholly or in part by the electrical power that storage battery 12 provides.For example, vehicle 10 can be motor vehicle or motor vehicle driven by mixed power.Although it is relevant with vehicle that Fig. 1 shows storage battery 12, embodiments of the invention can be applicable to comprise the rechargeable battery group of independent power battery unit or by any system of its power supply.
As described below, storage battery 12 comprises a plurality of battery units (each is characterized by SOC) and is used for allowing the circuit of balancing of battery cell.Each battery unit can comprise that usually have can the outside negative electrode that approaches and the locking device of anode, and can be filled with at least in part electrolyte.For example, battery unit can comprise lithium ionic cell unit.Can use other structure.Storage battery 12 can be positioned at the storage battery compartment that is arranged in vehicle 10, for example forwardly or in rear engine or storage compartment, perhaps under seat.
Controller 14 can be according to the operation of programming instruction monitoring and control storage battery 12.Controller 14 can be that function is limited to monitoring and controls controller or the processor of the operation of storage battery 12, perhaps can represent to control the controller of the spare system of vehicle 10.Controller 14 can represent single computer or circuit, or two or more cooperation computer, circuit and processors.Except other function, controller 14 can be configured to receive the signal of SOC of one or more battery units of expression storage battery 12, and controls the operation of cell balancing circuit according to received signal.
Charger 16 can operate so that the battery unit charge or discharge of storage battery 12.For example, charger 16 can be connected to external electrical network, perhaps the generator that comprises of vehicle 10.For example, the generator of vehicle 10 can or be powered by the braking system of vehicle 10 by the on-electric engine (for example, explosive motor) of vehicle 10.The operation of charger 16 or electric charge from charger 16 to storage battery 12 transmission can be controlled by controller 14.
The electrical power that comes from storage battery 12 can be used for one or more parts or the system of operation vehicle 10.What the parts of vehicle 10 and system were total is represented by Vehicular system 18.For example, Vehicular system 18 can represent with lower one or more: be used for driving electro-motor, the illuminace component of vehicle 10, ignition system, control panel, heating or cooling system, audio frequency or audio/video amusement or communication system, vehicle window and door operation, navigation system or the car-mounted computer of explosive motor.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, self-supporting active storage battery balancing of battery cell can be applicable to the SOC of the battery unit of balance batteries.For example, controller can be identified SOC less than the battery unit of the representative SOC of batteries and SOC another battery unit greater than representative SOC.Then controller can operate self-supporting active cell unit balancing circuitry in order to electric charge is transferred to and is identified the battery unit with lower SOC from being identified the battery unit with larger SOC.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the system that is used for self-supporting active cell unit balance of the embodiment of the present invention.
Self-supporting storage battery 13 comprises the array of battery unit 26.Battery unit 26 rechargeables and can optionally be connected to via the operation of switch 28 and 32 connector of direct current (DC)-DC transducer 30.DC-DC transducer 30 can comprise low voltage DC- DC transducer.Switch 28 and 32 can comprise for example low pressure metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switch or relay or igbt ( IGBT).Switch 28 and 32 can also operate battery unit 26 to be connected to the connector of external system or charger.This connection can allow self-supporting storage battery 13 to provide power to charge to external system or by charger.
Switch 28 and 32 and DC-DC transducer 30 can or control by controller 14 operation.DC-DC transducer 30 comprises at least two connectors be used to each element that is connected to self-supporting storage battery 13 (via the operation of switch 28 and 32).Controller 14 can comprise processor 22, is configured to operate according to programming instruction.This programming instruction can comprise that console switch 28 is with the instruction with the different connector (or connector group) that another battery unit 26 is connected to independently DC-DC transducer 30 of the instruction of the connector (or connector group) that a battery unit 26 is connected to independently DC-DC transducer 30 and console switch 30.Thereby any two battery units 26 can be connected to each other via DC-DC transducer 30.
Processor 22 can be communicated with data storage device 24.Data storage device or long-term storage apparatus 24 can comprise data-storable one or more non-volatile apparatus, for example hard disk drive or other device.This data can comprise programming instruction.In addition, during operation, processor 22 can be communicated with the storage arrangement that is used for the storage data, by memory or random-access memory (ram) 20 expressions.
Processor 22 can be for example central processing unit for processing device (CPU) but, chip or any suitable calculating or calculation element.Processor 22 can comprise a plurality of processors, and can comprise general processor and/or application specific processor (for example, graph processing chips).Processor 22 can be carried out code or the instruction that for example is stored in memory 20 or long-term storage apparatus 24, to realize embodiments of the invention.
Controller 14 can be configured to identify the battery unit 26 of SOC and the representative SOC different (for example, being greater than or less than) of self-supporting storage battery 13.Battery unit 26 can be called during greater than the representative SOC of self-supporting storage battery 13 at its SOC and overcharges, and can be called undercharge at its SOC during less than representative SOC.Identification overcharge or undercharge SOC after, controller 14 can be configured to identification and is in the battery unit 26 of inverse state (be respectively undercharge or overcharge).In identification or after selecting to be in a pair of like this battery unit 26 of inverse state, thereby can be configured to control switch 28 and 32, controller 14 via DC-DC transducer 30, this is connected to each other to battery unit 26.So DC-DC transducer 30 can be controlled or be operated with electric charge from the battery unit 26(that overcharges of this centering this battery unit that discharges) be transferred to the battery unit 26 of the undercharge of this centering, with battery unit 26 chargings of giving undercharge.For example, the SOC that can be set as one or two battery unit 26 that makes this centering becomes representative SOC(or in the threshold value of representative SOC, perhaps is substantially equal to representative SOC discharging current and time).Thus, by with a battery unit from another battery unit, from the source/container charging, the SOC of each battery unit 26 that this is right can become more near the representative SOC of self-supporting storage battery 13.
System with the storage battery that is configured to self-supporting storage battery 13 can provide than other larger efficient and Geng Duo flexibility of balancing of battery cell system.For example, self-supporting storage battery 13 can allow any in battery unit 26 be connected in (for example, via DC-DC transducer 30) battery unit 26 any another.Not predetermined restriction is applied in connection, and this flexibility can allow to optimize the efficient of electric charge transmission and balancing of battery cell.Self-supporting storage battery 13 can comprise minimum resistor or energy storing device, thereby minimizes dissipation loss.In the situation that the too much heat that is not produced by dissipation loss, balancing of battery cell can with than alternate manner faster speed carry out.Thereby balancing of battery cell can be carried out with vehicle operating parallel (simultaneously) continuously.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart according to the method that is used for self-supporting active cell unit balance of the embodiment of the present invention.
Should be understood that, about the neutralize flow chart of other accompanying drawing of Fig. 3, shown in method be divided into minute stile or step only for convenient and select, and the optional division of step may obtain same result.This optional division of step or frame will be understood that in the scope that falls into embodiments of the invention.It is to be further understood that unless otherwise stated, shown in the order of step or frame select in order to discuss clear.Shown in the step of method can be with optional order or carry out concurrently, can obtain same result.This rearrangement of step or frame will be understood that in the scope that falls into embodiments of the invention.
Balancing of battery cell method 50 can be carried out by controller (for example, controller 14, processor 22 or other device), and it is configured to monitor the battery unit of batteries and controls the interior on off state of batteries.Balancing of battery cell method 50 comprises that identification overcharges in batteries or the battery unit (frame 52) of undercharge.For example, but the application searches technology comprises the SOC that measures each searched battery unit.Can identify another battery unit (frame 54) that SOC in batteries departs from representative storage battery SOC in the opposite direction.For example, if the first battery unit is identified as overcharging, identify so the second battery unit of undercharge.On the other hand, if the first battery unit undercharge is identified the second battery unit that overcharges so.
Then controller can control or operate the switch in batteries, for example via the DC-DC transducer, the first battery unit of being identified is connected to the second battery unit (frame 56) of being identified.The DC-DC transducer can be controlled or be operated so that electric charge is transmitted from being identified as the battery unit (this battery unit discharges) that overcharges, to give the battery unit charging (frame 58) that is identified as undercharge.Usually, the DC-DC transducer is with such current level and such time operation, thereby the SOC that changes any (overcharging or undercharge) battery unit is more near representative SOC.
Then controller can measure SOC away from the SOC(frame 60 of the battery unit of representative SOC).If battery unit still overcharges or undercharge, can identify so another second battery unit and electric charge and can transmit (returning to frame 54).On the other hand, if the SOC of battery unit is no longer significantly different from the representative SOC of batteries or significantly (for example do not wait, battery unit SOC is in the threshold value of representative SOC), can identify so another and overcharge or the battery unit of undercharge, and process repeats (returning to frame 52).
Balancing of battery cell method 50 can automatically be carried out, for example with predetermined period (for example, with predetermined time interval periodically), perhaps (for example, open vehicle, again charge for vehicle in response to predetermined condition, carry out diagnostic test, preset distance perhaps travels).Balancing of battery cell method 50 can also be passed through operator (for example, maintenance technician) and start.
Fig. 4 is used for the flow chart of example of the method for self-supporting active cell unit balance according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 3.According to balancing of battery cell method 70, order or the iteration of monitoring control devices or measurement battery unit are selected right state, so that identification overcharges and the battery unit of undercharge.Monitoring can be succession or iteration.Controller can iteration by a series of battery units pair.
Two index i and j for example be initialized as respectively 1 and the n(batteries in the total quantity of battery unit) (frame 72).If surpass n or j less than 1(frame 74 at any some i of place, expression is all battery units on inspection), the balancing of battery cell method finishes (frame 76) so.According to balancing of battery cell method 70, the execution circulation is intended to identify the battery unit that overcharges on index i, to be used for making their discharge purposes, is intended to identify the battery unit of undercharge and carry out to circulate on index j, to be used for making their charging purposes.When identification comprises that one overcharges and during a pair of battery unit of the battery unit of a undercharge, the battery unit that overcharges can be discharged, and gives simultaneously the battery unit charging of undercharge.
Monitor or otherwise measure the SOC(frame 78 of the battery unit of i and j index), be respectively SOC iAnd SOC jAllocation index can be beneficial to balancing of battery cell for each battery unit or optimize the execution speed of balancing of battery cell method 70, and definite order or any other selective sequential can be set with the physics by battery unit.
The representative SOC of batteries can be by SOC RExpression.SOC iCan be greater than SOC R(overcharging) and SOC jCan be less than SOC R(undercharge, frame 80).In this case, thereby switch and DC-DC transducer can be controlled discharge battery unit i and while rechargeable battery unit j, thereby electric charge is transferred to battery unit j(frame 82 from battery unit i).
No matter whether electric charge transmits, SOC iCan with SOC RCompare (frame 84).If SOC iBe less than or equal to SOC R, expression battery unit i does not need discharge (for example, never overcharge or overcharge and proofread and correct by discharge), and index i is tired so increases (frame 86), and process repeats (returning to frame 74) to the battery unit with new index i.Increase the corresponding battery unit of index i and then can be connected to the battery unit corresponding with index j with tired, and the DC-DC transducer is controlled.Otherwise balancing of battery cell method 70 continues another battery unit j of the excessive charge of search transmission battery unit i.
No matter whether electric charge transmits, SOC jCan with SOC RCompare (frame 88).If SOC jMore than or equal to SOC R, expression battery unit j does not need charging (for example, never undercharge or undercharge are proofreaied and correct by charging), and index j is tired so increases (frame 90), and process repeats (returning to frame 74) to the battery unit with new index j.Increase the corresponding battery unit of index j and then can be connected to the battery unit corresponding with index i with tired, and the DC-DC transducer is controlled.Otherwise balancing of battery cell method 70 continues the search transmission charge so that another battery unit i of rechargeable battery unit j.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the switch of batteries can be controlled to via the DC-DC transducer, each battery unit of batteries is connected to for example Charge Source/container independently.The DC-DC transducer can be controlled to electric charge is transferred to Charge Source/container from the battery unit that overcharges, and perhaps is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from Charge Source/container.For example, this Charge Source/container can comprise ultra-capacitor (UC), low pressure (LV) bus, high pressure (HV) bus or these combination.As another example, another battery unit of storage battery can be temporarily (for example, be connected to via the DC-DC transducer overcharge or the time durations of the battery unit of undercharge) as Charge Source/container.
Fig. 5 carries out the schematic diagram of the system of active cell unit balance according to the embodiment of the present invention via Charge Source/container.
Source/container storage battery 33 comprises Charge Source/container 34.Switch 28 can be controlled by controller 14, via DC-DC transducer 30, at least one battery unit 26 for example is connected to Charge Source/container 34(, UC, LV bus or HV bus).DC-DC transducer 30 can be controlled together with switch 28 with for example discharge battery unit 26 when battery unit 26 overcharges, thereby electric charge is transferred to Charge Source/container 34.Similarly, DC-DC transducer 30 and switch 28 can be controlled to for example extract electric charge from Charge Source/container 34 when battery unit 26 undercharge, give simultaneously battery unit 26 chargings.Thereby, by SOC and control switch 28 and the DC-DC transducer 30 of monitoring battery unit 26, battery unit 26 that can balanced source/container storage battery 33.
Fig. 6 carries out the flow chart of the method for active cell unit balance according to the embodiment of the present invention via Charge Source/container.For example, Charge Source/container can comprise one or more in UC, LV bus or HV bus.
According to source/container balancing of battery cell method 100, overcharged in controller identification batteries or the battery unit (frame 102) of undercharge.For example, controller can be monitored the battery unit of batteries continuously according to order or method, for example passes through iteration.For example, order or method can be selected at random based on the physical structure of batteries, can based on the amount that departs from representative SOC, can or move historical based on the previous measurement of carrying out for balancing of battery cell.The monitoring battery unit comprise measure each battery unit SOC(for example, by comprising the method for the voltage of measuring battery unit).If the SOC of monitoring battery unit is greater than the representative SOC(of batteries for example, the average SOC of the battery unit of batteries), battery unit can be thought to overcharge so.Similarly, if the SOC of battery unit less than the representative SOC of batteries, battery unit can be thought undercharge so.In other embodiments, representative SOC can be different from average SOC.
Controller then can control in batteries circuit (for example, switch and DC-DC transducer) be identified the battery unit that overcharges with discharge, simultaneously excessive charge is transferred to Charge Source/container, perhaps by being identified the battery unit charging of undercharge, simultaneously from Charge Source/container transmission charge (frame 104).Usually, the DC-DC transducer is controlled, thus electric current, voltage and/or the duration of electric charge transmission make battery unit SOC become representative SOC(or near the value of representative SOC, for example in threshold range).
After the electric charge transmission (perhaps with its while, for example by the measurement electric current between integral battery unit and Charge Source/container), the SOC of battery unit can be by assessment (frame 106) again.If battery unit still overcharges or undercharge, the electric charge transmission can recover or continue (returning to frame 104) so.If the SOC of battery unit for example equals representative SOC(at this moment, in its threshold value, perhaps be substantially equal to or significantly not different from it), controller can be searched for batteries to identify another and overcharge or the battery unit (returning to frame 102) of undercharge so.
According to embodiments of the invention, balancing of battery cell can comprise charging and discharging ultra-capacitor (UC).For example, if the typical capacitor of the similar size of its capacity ratio much larger (for example, twice or greater number level), capacitor can be thought UC so.For example, UC can comprise electric double layer capacitor (EDLC).UC can be used as Charge Source/container (for example, the source/container in Fig. 5 34).The excessive charge that comes from the battery unit that overcharges can discharge into UC from the battery unit that overcharges, and the electric charge that lacks of the battery unit of undercharge can obtain by the battery unit that UC is discharged to undercharge.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the use ultra-capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention carries out the system of active cell unit balance.
UC storage battery 33 can comprise UC 34 or relevant with UC 34.Switch 28 can be controlled by controller 14, via DC-DC transducer 30, at least one battery unit 26 is connected to UC 34.DC-DC transducer 30 can be controlled together with switch 28 with for example discharge battery unit 26 when battery unit 26 overcharges, and gives simultaneously UC 34 chargings.Similarly, DC-DC transducer 30 and switch 28 can be controlled to for example make UC 34 discharges when battery unit 26 undercharge, give simultaneously battery unit 26 chargings.Thereby, by SOC and control switch 28 and the DC-DC transducer 30 of monitoring battery unit 26, battery unit 26 that can balance UC storage battery 33.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that the use ultra-capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention carries out the method for active cell unit balance.According to UC balancing of battery cell method 110, controller can select to monitor the battery unit (frame 112) of batteries.For example, the selection of battery unit can be carried out according to the predefined procedure of battery unit, perhaps can be according to the order that can revise during operation, for example based on previous action or measurement.The SOC(of battery unit or the amount relevant with SOC) then can monitored or measurement (frame 114).For example, one or more can the measurement within a period of time in the output of the voltage of battery unit or electric current.Then the monitoring SOC of battery unit can compare with the representative SOC of batteries (frame 116).For example, the representative SOC of batteries can be all battery units average SOC(for example, obtain from the measurement of the relevant amount of batteries SOC as a whole).
If battery unit SOC greater than representative SOC(for example overcharges), the voltage of UC can compare with the maximum voltage limit or the threshold value of UC (frame 118) so.For example, the maximum UC voltage limit efficient that can be transferred to UC by capacitance limits or the electric charge of UC is determined.If UC voltage higher than maximum, does not have electric charge to be transferred to UC from current selection battery unit so.Thereby, if more battery units of batteries still monitored (jumping to frame 130) can be selected another battery unit (returning to frame 112) so.On the other hand, if UC voltage lower than maximum UC voltage limit, controller operable switch and DC-DC transducer are to discharge selected battery unit to UC(frame 120 so).Thereby the excessive charge of the battery unit that overcharges can be transferred to UC.Can monitor electric charge and be transferred to UC.For example, the monitoring of electric charge transmission can comprise one or more in the electric current of monitoring electric charge transmission, the voltage of monitoring battery unit and the transmission of timing electric charge.Time period or threshold value can be applied in the electric charge transmission.If the monitoring pilot cell unit of electric charge transmission still overcharges and the transmission time is no more than time period or threshold value (frame 122), the electric charge transmission can continue (returning to frame 118) so.On the other hand, if battery unit no longer overcharges or time period surpasses, can select another battery unit so, if more still monitored (frames 130 and return to frame 112).
If battery unit SOC is less than representative SOC(undercharge), the voltage of UC can compare with the minimum voltage limit of UC (frame 124) so.For example, minimum UC voltage limit or threshold value can be determined by the restriction that electric charge is transferred to the efficient of UC.If UC voltage lower than minimum value, does not have electric charge to can be used for being transferred to current selection battery unit from UC so.Thereby, if more battery units of batteries still monitored (jumping to frame 130) can be selected another battery unit (returning to frame 112) so.On the other hand, if UC voltage higher than minimum UC voltage limit, controller operable switch and DC-DC transducer are to discharge UC to selected battery unit (frame 126) so.Thereby the electric charge of the battery unit of undercharge can be replenished by the electric charge from the UC transmission.Can monitor the electric charge transmission from UC.If the monitoring pilot cell unit of electric charge transmission still undercharge and transmission time be no more than time period (frame 128), the electric charge transmission can continue (returning to frame 124) so.On the other hand, if battery unit no longer undercharge or time period or threshold value surpass, can select another battery unit so, if more still monitored (frames 130 and return to frame 112).
If not many still selected, UC balancing of battery cell method 100 can finish (frame 132) so.Then UC balancing of battery cell method 100 can be carried out again.Thereby, carry out during UC balancing of battery cell method 100 not balanced any overcharge or the battery unit (for example, due to the UC voltage limit) of undercharge can UC balancing of battery cell method 100 subsequently the term of execution be balanced.
According to embodiments of the invention, UC can be connected to the charge/discharge circuit.Thus, the voltage of UC can always remain in the voltage range that is suitable for charge or discharge, so that the battery unit of balance batteries.For example, UC can be connected to the LV bus via the 2nd DC-DC transducer.For example, the LV bus can remain the part of the circuit of the vehicle that batteries is installed.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that ultra-capacitor that the use according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to low pressure (LV) bus carries out the system of active cell unit balance.In UC storage battery 37, UC 36(can in UC storage battery 37 outsides, still be connected to UC storage battery 37) be connected to LV bus 38 via DC-DC transducer 30 '.Thereby controller 14 can be controlled DC-DC transducer 30 ' so that from LV bus 38 charging UC 36, with the voltage (for example, by increasing the stored charge in UC 36) that increases UC 36.Similarly, controller 14 can be controlled DC-DC transducer 30 ' in order to UC 36 is discharged to LV bus 38, with the voltage (for example, by reducing the stored charge in UC 36) that reduces UC 36.In this embodiment and other embodiment, can use the DC-DC transducer of, two or other quantity.
Figure 10 is the flow chart that ultra-capacitor that the use according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the LV bus carries out the method for active cell unit balance.
LV bus-UC balancing of battery cell method 111 can be similar to UC balancing of battery cell method 110(Fig. 8).Yet, in LV bus-UC balancing of battery cell method 111, when selecting battery unit (frame 112) to be measured as to overcharge by (frame 114 and 116) and UC voltage during higher than maximum UC voltage limit or threshold value (frame 118), UC can discharge to LV bus (frame 119), until UC voltage is lower than maximum UC voltage limit.Then the battery unit that overcharges can discharge to UC(frame 120) and process continuation (frame 122,130 and 132).Similarly, in LV bus-UC balancing of battery cell method 111, when selecting battery unit (frame 112) to be measured as undercharge (frame 114 and 116) and UC voltage lower than minimum UC voltage limit (frame 124), UC can be from LV bus charging (frame 125), until UC voltage is higher than minimum UC voltage limit.Then can charge from UC (frame 126) and process of the battery unit of undercharge can continue (frame 128,130 and 132).
Thereby in one embodiment, all battery units of batteries can be balanced the term of execution of the single of LV bus-UC balancing of battery cell method 111.Thereby, can increase the efficient of balancing of battery cell.
According to embodiments of the invention, balancing of battery cell can comprise each battery unit is connected to the LV bus.The LV bus can be used as Charge Source/container.The excessive charge that comes from the battery unit that overcharges can discharge to the LV bus from the battery unit that overcharges.Similarly, the not enough electric charge of the battery unit of undercharge can obtain by obtaining electric charge from the LV bus.
Figure 11 A carries out the schematic diagram of the system of active cell unit balance according to the use LV bus of the embodiment of the present invention.
In the storage battery 40 that the LV bus connects, switch 28 can be controlled by controller 14, via DC-DC transducer 30, at least one battery unit 26 is connected to LV bus 38.DC-DC transducer 30 can control for example when battery unit 26 overcharges, battery unit 26 is discharged to LV bus 38 together with switch 28.Similarly, DC-DC transducer 30 and switch 28 can be controlled to for example charge to battery unit 26 from LV bus 38 when battery unit 26 undercharge.Thereby, by SOC and control switch 28 and the DC-DC transducer 30 of monitoring battery unit 26, the battery unit 26 of the storage battery 40 that can balance LV bus connects.
Figure 11 B is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the use LV bus shown in Figure 11 A system that carries out active cell unit balance.LV bus 38 can be connected to one or more LV voltage sources.For example, high pressure (HV) the bus 46(that LV bus 38 can be connected to vehicle via auxiliary power module (APM) 44 for example is used for providing motion power to vehicle).Alternatively or additionally, LV bus 38 for example can be connected to outside storage battery 44(, 12 V lead acid accumulators).
Figure 12 carries out the flow chart of the method for active cell unit balance according to the use LV bus of the embodiment of the present invention.
According to LV bus balancing of battery cell method 140, controller is selected the battery unit (frame 142) of monitoring batteries.The SOC(of battery unit or the amount relevant with SOC, for example voltage) then can monitored (frame 144).For example, one or more can the measurement in the output of the voltage of battery unit or electric current.Then the monitoring SOC of battery unit can compare with the representative SOC of batteries (frame 146).
If battery unit SOC greater than representative SOC(for example overcharges), controller operable switch and DC-DC transducer are to discharge selected battery unit to LV bus (frame 148) so.Thereby the excessive charge of the battery unit that overcharges can be transferred to the LV bus.Can monitor electric charge and be transferred to the LV bus.For example, the monitoring of electric charge transmission can comprise one or more in the electric current of monitoring electric charge transmission, the voltage of monitoring battery unit and the transmission of timing electric charge.Time period or threshold value can be applied in the electric charge transmission.If the monitoring pilot cell unit of electric charge transmission still overcharges and the transmission time is no more than time period (frame 150), the electric charge transmission can continue (returning to frame 148) so.On the other hand, if battery unit no longer overcharges or time period surpasses, can select another battery unit so, if more still monitored (frames 156 and return to frame 142).
If battery unit SOC is less than representative SOC(for example, undercharge), controller operable switch and DC-DC transducer are to give selected battery unit charging (frame 152) from the LV bus so.Thereby the electric charge of the battery unit of undercharge can be replenished by the electric charge from the LV bus transfer.Can monitor the electric charge transmission from the LV bus.If the monitoring pilot cell unit of electric charge transmission still undercharge and transmission time be no more than time period (frame 154), the electric charge transmission can continue (returning to frame 152) so.On the other hand, if battery unit no longer undercharge or time period surpass, can select another battery unit so, if more still monitored (frames 156 and return to frame 142).
If not many still selected, LV bus balancing of battery cell method 140 can finish (frame 158) so.LV bus balancing of battery cell method 140 can repeatedly regularly be carried out by predetermined space, perhaps carries out in response to scheduled event.LV bus balancing of battery cell method 140 can be carried out continuously, for example carries out immediately LV bus balancing of battery cell method 140 after LV bus balancing of battery cell method 140 front once complete.
According to embodiments of the invention, high pressure (HV) bus can be used as Charge Source/container of carrying out balancing of battery cell.Storage battery may be configured with HV DC-DC transducer.The excessive charge that comes from the battery unit that overcharges can discharge to the HV bus from the battery unit that overcharges via HV DC-DC transducer.Similarly, the not enough electric charge of the battery unit of undercharge can obtain by obtaining electric charge via HV DC-DC transducer from the HV bus.
Figure 13 carries out the schematic diagram of the system of active cell unit balance according to use high pressure (HV) bus of the embodiment of the present invention.
In the storage battery 42 that the HV bus connects, switch 28 can be controlled by controller 14, via HV DC-DC transducer 31, at least one battery unit 26 is connected to HV bus 46.HV DC-DC transducer 31 can control for example when battery unit 26 overcharges, battery unit 26 is discharged to HV bus 46 together with switch 28.Similarly, HV DC-DC transducer 31 and switch 28 can be controlled to for example charge to battery unit 26 from HV bus 46 when battery unit 26 undercharge.Thereby, by SOC and control switch 28 and the HV DC-DC transducer 31 of monitoring battery unit 26, the battery unit 26 of the storage battery 42 that can balance HV bus connects.
Embodiments of the invention can comprise be used to the equipment of carrying out operation described herein.This equipment can be in order to expect purpose special configuration, perhaps can comprise computer or processor, described computer or processor are optionally enabled or reconfigure by the computer program that is stored in computer.This computer program can be stored in the following: dish (comprising floppy disk, CD, CD-ROM, magneto optical disk), read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (ram), EPROM (EPROM), electric erasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM), the magnetic or optical card of the readable storage medium of computer-readable or processor, any type or be suitable for the medium of any other type of store electrons instruction.Will be appreciated that various programming languages can both be used to implement instruction of the present invention as described herein.Embodiments of the invention can comprise the article of non-provisional computer for example or processor readable storage medium and so on, for example coding has, includes or store memory, disc driver or the USB flash memory of instruction (computer executable instructions for example, these instructions make processor or controller carry out method disclosed herein) when being carried out by processor or controller.These instructions can make processor or controller carry out the process of implementing method disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. method comprises:
The battery unit that identification overcharges from a plurality of battery units of batteries;
The battery unit of any battery unit identification undercharge from described a plurality of battery units of batteries;
Console switch is to be connected to the battery unit that overcharges the battery unit of undercharge via direct current (DC)-DC transducer; And
Operate described DC-DC transducer electric charge is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from the battery unit that overcharges.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the battery unit that identification overcharges and the battery unit of undercharge comprise the voltage of monitoring each battery unit.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the battery unit that identification overcharges and the battery unit of undercharge comprise each battery unit of monitoring in order in described a plurality of battery unit.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, the battery unit that overcharges of identification comprises that the state of charge (SOC) of measuring battery unit is greater than the average SOC of the battery unit of batteries, and wherein, the battery unit of identification undercharge comprises that the SOC that measures battery unit is less than average SOC.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, operate described DC-DC transducer and comprise electric current, voltage and the duration of controlling the electric charge transmission, thereby the SOC of in identification battery unit is become the representative SOC of the battery unit that is substantially equal to batteries.
6. method comprises:
Select battery unit from a plurality of battery units of batteries;
Determine the state of charge (SOC) of selected battery unit;
If the SOC of selected battery unit is different from the representative SOC of the battery unit of batteries, console switch is to be connected to Charge Source/container via the DC-DC transducer with selected battery unit so;
If the SOC of selected battery unit greater than representative SOC, operates so described DC-DC transducer so that selected battery unit discharges into Charge Source/container; And
Selected battery unit is from Charge Source/container charging if the SOC of selected battery unit less than representative SOC, operates described DC-DC transducer so.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein, representative SOC comprises the average SOC of the battery unit of batteries.
8. method according to claim 6, wherein, select battery unit to comprise and select in order each battery unit.
9. method according to claim 6, wherein, Charge Source/container comprises ultra-capacitor (UC).
10. system comprises:
A plurality of switches;
Direct current (DC)-DC transducer; And
Controller, the battery unit that described controller overcharges in order to identification from a plurality of battery units of batteries; The battery unit of any battery unit identification undercharge from described a plurality of battery units of batteries; Operate at least one switch in described a plurality of switch via the DC-DC transducer, the battery unit that overcharges is connected to the battery unit of undercharge; And operate described DC-DC transducer electric charge is transferred to the battery unit of undercharge from the battery unit that overcharges.
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