CN103131450B - Method and device for destructive distillation of oil shale - Google Patents
Method and device for destructive distillation of oil shale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for destructive distillation of oil shale and belongs to the field of coal chemical industries. According to the method and the device for the destructive distillation of the oil shale, shale oil is produced with a technique of lifting pipe-fluidized bed composite destructive distillation, a charcoal burning device and a destructive distillation reactor are arranged side by side, high-temperature shale ash from the charcoal burning device and entering the bottom of a lifting pipe reactor and oil shale raw materials entering the lifting pipe reactor through a feed pipe move upward together along the lifting pipe reactor and mixed heat transmission and destructive distillation occur between the high-temperature shale ash and the oil shale raw materials, and then destructive distillation reaction is continued in the destructive distillation reactor after the high-temperature shale ash and the oil shale raw materials enter the destructive distillation reactor. The method and the device for the destructive distillation of the oil shale has the advantages that oil extraction rate is high, destructive distillation temperature is stable, a pipe type charcoal burning device-charcoal burning device composite is strong in charcoal burning capacity and the amount of burnt charcoal is large, temperature of the charcoal burning device can be controlled easily, carbocoal can be burnt completely, and heat utilization efficiency is high. The device for the destructive distillation of the oil shale is continuous and stable in operation, and flexible in adjustment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to resinous shale manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of oil shale retort method and device.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the scarcity day by day of world's crude resources and the arrival of Waste Era of Oil, countries in the world are all in positive search for oil alternate resources, and utilizing resinous shale to produce shale oil petroleum replacing resource by retorting technique has become important supplement scheme.Resinous shale claims again oil shale, is a kind of sedimentogeneous rock containing organic matter approximately 15%～50%.The organism of resinous shale is made up of two kinds of materials conventionally: a kind of is bituminous matter; Another kind is high molecular polymer, is referred to as oil female.It is generally acknowledged that oily mother is a kind of mixture of the high polymer with three-dimensional structure.Carbon in oil mother mainly exists with aliphatics and cycloparaffin series's structure, also has partially aromatic structure.The inorganics of resinous shale mainly contains quartz, kaolin, clay, mica, carbonatite and sulfurous iron ore etc.; In resinous shale, the massfraction of inorganic mineral accounts for 50%～85% conventionally.
Resinous shale is after being heated to 500 DEG C of left and right destructive distillation, and contained oil mother stock solution generates shale oil, carbonization gas and shale semicockes; Shale oil can be directly as oil fuel, the also further vehicle fuel such as processing vapour, diesel oil, and China's resinous shale oleaginousness (aluminium Zhen method) is roughly 5～20%.Therefore, rationally utilize China's oil shale resources can alleviate to a certain extent petroleum resources shortage present situation.
Oil shale distillation technology is that block resinous shale is pulverized as fine powder and high-temp solid thermal barrier shale ashes are under fluidized state, the process of the concurrent heat-dissipating decomposition reaction of direct contact heat transfer, it is characterized by: oil shale distillation hot strength is high, dry distillation rate fast, the oil gas residence time is short, and gas-solid can sharp separation.The shale oil quality better that fine powder resinous shale raw material retorting technique generates, oil-collecting ratio is high.Shale ashes after de-oiling decarburization can be used as kaolin, material of construction etc., aromatic hydrocarbon product, chemical industry light oil and fuel gas that the shale oil of gained can production high added value.
The disclosed a kind of resinous shale fluidized retoring technique of Chinese patent CN 1621493 A is mainly to adopt the catalytic cracking riser reactor technology of petroleum refining process to carry out oil shale distillation to obtain shale oil.This technology utilization high temperature dry gas or high-temperature water vapor, as thermal barrier, enter riser reactor by the resinous shale raw material that is crushed to 0～1000 micron and carry out dry distillation reactor; Semicoke after destructive distillation enters the device of making charcoal and makes charcoal; High temperature shale ashes discharger after heat-obtaining after making charcoal; The shale oil producing after oil shale distillation enters oil fractionating system.There is following some deficiency in this Technology: resinous shale raw material crushing is 0～1000 micron to particle diameter will increase raw materials cost greatly; Semicoke carbon content after the destructive distillation of resinous shale raw material is higher, approximately 3～15% left and right, and this certainly will cause makes charcoal that device service temperature is high, equipment size is large, and plant investment is high; Thereby this invention is burnt the semicoke of a large amount of high heating values and has been strengthened the load of making charcoal of device in device, although a large amount of high-temperature flue gas of generation have carried out energy recovery, but still the energy consumption of device is increased greatly; Dust and the sulfide total amount of the large discharge of exhaust gas volumn that this invention produces are large, and the outer row's of device shale ashes total amount is also high, thereby have brought the difficulty of environmental improvement and shale ashes transport aspect.
" resinous shale solid thermal carriers fluidized retoring oil refining process pilot scale research " (Coal Chemical Industry Coal Chemical Industry, Wang Wei east, 2009 third phases, 19-22 page) a kind of resinous shale fluidized retoring technique and pilot plant are disclosed, the catalytic cracking riser reactor technology of employing petroleum refining process is carried out oil shale distillation and is obtained shale oil.Utilize high temperature shale ashes as thermal barrier, the resinous shale raw material of be crushed to≤3mm is entered to riser reactor and carry out dry distillation reactor, riser tube promotes medium and adopts dry gas or water vapor; Semicoke after dry distillation reactor enters the device of making charcoal and makes charcoal; High temperature shale ashes discharger after heat-obtaining after making charcoal; The shale oil producing after oil shale distillation enters oil fractionating system.This Technology exists that following some is not enough: the semicoke carbon content after the destructive distillation of resinous shale raw material is higher, approximately 3～15% left and right, this certainly will cause the device service temperature of making charcoal high, make charcoal that load is large, equipment size is large, plant investment is high; Thereby this Technology is burnt the semicoke of a large amount of high heating values and has been strengthened the load of making charcoal of device in device, although a large amount of high-temperature flue gas of generation have carried out energy recovery, but still the energy consumption of device is increased greatly; This Technology produces a large amount of flue gases and has carried a large amount of dust and quantitatively outer shale ashes of arranging, and has brought the difficulty of environmental improvement and transport aspect.
Chinese patent CN 101440293 A disclose resinous shale fluidized retoring technique, mainly adopt the overheated steam of 400～500 DEG C to contact destructive distillation with the oil shale fluidized bed boiler destructive distillation chamber that the high temperature circulation shale ashes of 600～700 DEG C enter 400～500 DEG C of service temperatures as destructive distillation thermal source and fluidizing medium with the resinous shale raw material that particle diameter is less than 30mm.The shale oil generating carries out condensation recovery; The semicoke generating enters burning in circulating fluid bed boiler chamber and burns, the high-temperature flue gas that circulating fluidized bed combustor produces carries out heat exchange at circular fluid bed back-end surfaces, the high temperature, a high pressure superheater water vapour part producing is as thermal source and the fluidizing medium of fluidized bed dry distillation chamber, and all the other high temperature, high pressure superheater water vapour are for generating; It is indoor that the heat ash part of 600～700 DEG C that circulating fluidized bed whirlwind separator separates is returned to oil shale fluidized bed dry distillation, as destructive distillation thermal source.This technical oil shale raw material particle size is excessive, has following several respects deficiency: although the excessive crushing cost use that can corresponding reduction raw material of resinous shale raw material particle size, the yield of shale oil can reduce because resinous shale raw material particle size is excessive; Excessive fluidisation and the difficulty of transportation of also can causing of resinous shale raw material particle size, is unfavorable for the maximization construction of device; In addition, resinous shale raw material particle size is excessive easily makes the hot fluidizing medium of destructive distillation produce channel, bias current to cause resinous shale raw material to conduct heat inhomogeneous and affect the destructive distillation effect of resinous shale raw material and the quality of generation shale oil in fluidized bed dry distillation chamber.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of oil shale retort method and device, the semicoke that can solve the generation of existing dry distillation apparatus for oil shale existence is all made charcoal, the exhaust gas volumn that generates of making charcoal is large, shale ashes quantity discharged is large, dust discharge amount is high, the technical difficulty of the aspects such as apparatus structure size is large and energy consumption is high, oil shale distillation oil yield rate is low, environmental improvement and shale ashes transport.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of oil shale retort method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(a) enter riser reactor from the circulation shale ashes of the device of making charcoal and resinous shale raw material and carry out destructive distillation, then enter dry distillation reactor device and proceed dry distillation reactor, reaction generates oil gas and isolates reaction through cyclonic separator and generate oil gas and semicoke; Isolated reaction generates oil gas and carries out fractionation;
(b) enter semicoke dense bed from the semicoke of step (a), after stripping rear section semicoke is by semicoke inclined tube heat-obtaining, discharge; Part semicoke enters the tubular type device of making charcoal by semicoke inclined tube, through the tubular type device regeneration semicoke generating of making charcoal of making charcoal;
(c) enter cyclonic separator at the generation flue gas of device after making charcoal of making charcoal with high temperature shale ashes from the regeneration semicoke of step (b) and separate, isolated high temperature shale ashes enter the high temperature shale ashes dense bed of the device of making charcoal and enter riser reactor by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube; The isolated flue gas of making charcoal is discharged the device of making charcoal.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that:
(a) from the high temperature circulation shale ashes of the device of making charcoal with pulverize after particulate state resinous shale raw material enter riser reactor bottom up along riser reactor, and then enter dry distillation reactor device and proceed dry distillation reactor; Reaction generates the cyclonic separator of oil gas in dry distillation reactor device and isolates reaction generation oil gas and semicoke; Isolated reaction generation oil gas and the oil gas collection chamber of stripped vapor in dry distillation reactor device enter fractionating system and carry out fractionation.
(b) enter by the dipleg of cyclonic separator in dry distillation reactor device in the semicoke dense bed and stripping stage of dry distillation reactor device from the semicoke of step (a), enter heat collector through stripping rear section semicoke by semicoke inclined tube and semicoke flowrate control valve, after heat-obtaining, enter semicoke blow-down drum discharger; Part semicoke enters make charcoal device make charcoal along tubular type that device is up makes charcoal of tubular type by semicoke inclined tube and semicoke flowrate control valve, enters the cyclonic separator of making charcoal in the device semicoke of regenerating and separates with flue gas through tubular type the make charcoal regeneration semicoke that generates of device of making charcoal.
(c) from the regeneration semicoke of step (b), the flue gas after the device of making charcoal is made charcoal and high temperature shale ashes enter the cyclonic separator of making charcoal in device and carry out high temperature shale ashes and separate with flue gas.Isolated high temperature shale ashes enter the high temperature shale ashes dense bed of the device of making charcoal and enter riser reactor by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube and high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve through the dipleg of cyclonic separator; The isolated flue gas of making charcoal discharges by flue gas collection chamber the device of making charcoal.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that: described resinous shale material is the particulate state resinous shale raw material of particle diameter≤3mm, oleaginousness 5～35%, water content≤15%.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that: semicoke described in step b is through the be cooled to≤80 DEG C of discharges of heat collector heat-obtaining.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that: in described riser reactor, high temperature shale ashes are 2.0～7.0 with particulate state resinous shale raw material weight ratio, dry distillation reactor temperature is 450～550 DEG C, and the residence time of particulate state resinous shale raw material in riser reactor is 3～8min.
In dry distillation reactor device, the particulate state resinous shale raw material dry distillation reactor time is 2～10min, and dry distillation reactor temperature is 450～550 DEG C, and dry distillation reactor absolute pressure is 0.10～0.40MPa.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that: from dry distillation reactor device stripping stage after stripping by the semicoke of semicoke inclined tube, described tubular type make charcoal that device bottom contacts with the wind of making charcoal and the up burning-off semicoke of device of making charcoal along tubular type on 30～70% charcoal.The tubular type device charcoal temperature of making charcoal is 600～750 DEG C, and the make charcoal air linear speed of device of tubular type is 1.0～10.0m/s, and time 5～40s makes charcoal.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that: in the device of making charcoal, high temperature shale ashes dense bed temperature is 650～750 DEG C, air linear speed is 0.1～1.2m/s, and the time of making charcoal is 3～8min, and the device of making charcoal operation absolute pressure is 0.10～0.40MPa.
A kind of oil shale retort method of the present invention, it is further characterized in that: all wind of making charcoal are pressurized air, this pressurized air meets conventional compressed-air actuated general feature, and its flow can be multiplied by the required air quantity calculating in the time burning of unit weight charcoal according to the amount of making charcoal of semicoke in each equipment of making charcoal to be determined.
A kind of oil shale retort device, be used for realizing above-described oil shale retort method, it is characterized in that: this device comprises tubular type make charcoal device, the device of making charcoal, riser reactor and dry distillation reactor device, the device of making charcoal is connected with riser reactor bottom by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube, riser reactor bottom is provided with material inlet, and riser reactor top exit is arranged on the top of dry distillation reactor device; Dry distillation reactor device top arranges cyclonic separator, oil gas collection chamber; Dry distillation reactor device bottom is stripping stage, and stripping stage bottom is provided with semicoke inclined tube, and described semicoke inclined tube is connected with semicoke heat collector with the tubular type device of making charcoal respectively; The tubular type device top exit of making charcoal is located at and makes charcoal in device;
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: tubular type is made charcoal in device and is provided with the wind distribution pipe of making charcoal; The device inner bottom part of making charcoal is provided with distributor pipe of cardinal wind, and top is provided with cyclonic separator and is connected with flue gas collection chamber; Dry distillation reactor device top is provided with cyclonic separator and is connected with oil gas collection chamber.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: high temperature shale ashes inclined tube is provided with high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve; Semicoke inclined tube is provided with semicoke flowrate control valve;
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: the tubular type device top exit of making charcoal is arranged on the top, device high temperature shale ashes dense-phase bed interface of making charcoal.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: riser reactor top exit is arranged on the top, dense-phase bed interface of dry distillation reactor device;
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: make charcoal device and dry distillation reactor device are set up in parallel, the device of making charcoal is metal shell liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: tubular type is made charcoal, and to adopt cross section be circular metal tube liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining to device, and diameter is Φ 200～5000mm, and length is 10～40m.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: it is circular metal tube liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining that riser reactor adopts cross section, Φ 200～5000mm, length is 10～40m.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: dry distillation reactor device is metal shell liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: semicoke heat collector is metal construction, its structure and equipment size can be determined according to the heat-obtaining load of dry distillation reactor device discharge semicoke.
A kind of oil shale retort device, it is further characterized in that: it is circular metal tube Φ 200～1500mm that particulate state resinous shale material feeding tube adopts cross section, arrange vertical with riser reactor of particulate state resinous shale material feeding tube Way in, also can arbitrarily angledly arrange.Position, particulate state resinous shale feed(raw material)inlet is 3～4m apart from riser reactor bottom.
Adopt the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1. adopt particulate state oil shale distillation to generate semicoke outer drainage technique continuously, can reduce the total load of making charcoal of the device of making charcoal, always burn that the decline of wind consumption, plant energy consumption significantly reduce, apparatus structure size reduction makes facility investment decline.The semicoke that discharger has a high heating value can be used as circulating fluidized bed boiler fuel and further utilizes.
2. the tubular type compound technology of making charcoal of the device+device of making charcoal of making charcoal can realize and making charcoal completely semicoke, makes full use of heat, reduces semicoke internal circulating load.Make charcoal produce high temperature shale ashes only as the destructive distillation thermal source of particulate state resinous shale raw material, the device high temperature shale ashes of making charcoal dense bed temperature is 650～750 DEG C, air linear speed is 0.1～1.2m/s, the time 3～8min that makes charcoal, absolute pressure is 0.10～0.40MPa.
3. the compound retorting technique oil yield of particulate state resinous shale raw material riser tube-fluidized-bed is high, pyrolysis temperature stable.
4. adopt the particulate state resinous shale raw material of particle diameter≤3mm, can ensure raw material and shale ashes normal fluidisation, conveying and destructive distillation in device, can obtain higher shale oil yield.Under processing condition of the present invention, shale oil yield accounts for 80～90% of particulate state resinous shale raw material oleaginousness.In coal chemical technology, be ripe by resinous shale raw material crushing technically to particle diameter≤3mm at present.
Use the present invention have: 1. the compound retorting technique oil yield of particulate state resinous shale raw material riser tube-fluidized-bed is high, pyrolysis temperature stable; 2. half afocal row can be used as the circulating fluidized bed boiler fuel of coal chemical technology; 3. make charcoal produce high temperature shale ashes only as the destructive distillation thermal source of particulate state resinous shale raw material, semicoke internal circulating load is low; 4. due to outer row's part semicoke, reduced entering make charcoal total charcoal amount of device and the device of making charcoal of tubular type and make always to burn that wind consumption declines, plant energy consumption reduces; 5. install the many advantages such as charging-riser tube and make charcoal-high temperature of fluidized bed dry distillation-half afocal row-semicoke shale ashes cyclical operation continous-stable.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of oil shale retort device of the present invention,
Reference numeral shown in figure is: 1-flue gas, 2-flue gas collection chamber, 3-dry distiller the 1st cyclonic separator, 4-dry distiller the 2nd cyclonic separator, the 5-device of making charcoal, 6-high temperature shale ashes dense bed, 7-main air, 8-distributor pipe of cardinal wind, the 9-tubular type device of making charcoal, the 10-wind of making charcoal, the 11-wind distribution pipe of making charcoal, 12-the 1st semicoke inclined tube, 13-the 1st semicoke flowrate control valve, 14-the 2nd semicoke inclined tube, 15-reaction generates oil gas, 16-oil gas collection chamber, 17-device the 1st cyclonic separator of making charcoal, 18-device the 2nd cyclonic separator of making charcoal; 19-dry distillation reactor device, 20-semicoke dense bed, 21-high temperature shale ashes transfer lime, 22-riser reactor, 23-high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve, 24-resinous shale raw material, 25-material feeding tube, 26-blow-down drum, 27-heat collector, 28-dry distillation reactor device stripping stage, 29-water vapour, 30-semicoke standpipe, 31--the 2nd semicoke flowrate control valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.Embodiment and embodiment do not limit the scope of protection of present invention.
Be a kind of oil shale retort device of the present invention as shown in Figure 1:
This device parts such as device 9, the device 5 of making charcoal, particulate state resinous shale material feeding tube 25, semicoke heat collector 27, semicoke blow-down drum 26 of mainly being made charcoal by riser reactor 22, dry distillation reactor device 19, tubular type form.Dry distillation reactor device 19 comprises the 1st cyclonic separator the 17, the 2nd cyclonic separator 18, oil gas collection chamber 16, stripping stage 28, and dry distillation reactor device 19 bottoms are dry distillation reactor device stripping stage 28; The tubular type device 9 of making charcoal comprises the wind distribution pipe 11 of making charcoal; The device 5 of making charcoal comprises distributor pipe of cardinal wind 8, make charcoal device the 1st cyclonic separator the 3, the 2nd cyclonic separator 4, flue gas collection chamber 2.The device 5 of making charcoal is connected with riser reactor 22 bottoms by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube 21, and high temperature shale ashes inclined tube 21 middle parts arrange high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve 23; Riser reactor 22 top exits are arranged on the top, dense-phase bed interface of dry distillation reactor device 19.Dry distillation reactor device stripping stage 28 bottoms are divided into two-way: the 2nd semicoke inclined tube 14 of leading up to is connected with semicoke heat collector, and the 2nd semicoke inclined tube 14 middle parts arrange semicoke flowrate control valve 31; The 1st semicoke inclined tube 12 and the tubular type device 9 of making charcoal of separately leading up to is connected, and the 1st semicoke inclined tube 12 middle parts arrange semicoke flowrate control valve 13.Tubular type device 9 top exits of making charcoal are arranged on the device 5 high temperature shale ashes dense-phase bed interfaces tops of making charcoal.
Described tubular type is made charcoal, and to adopt cross section be circular metal tube to device 9, liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining, length is 10～40M, Φ 400～5000mm, the make charcoal concrete diameter of device 9 of tubular type determines at the make charcoal operating linear velocity of device 9 of tubular type according to the wind 10 of making charcoal, and tubular type device 9 length of making charcoal are determined according to the total height of make charcoal device 5 and dry distillation reactor device 19.
The described device 5 dilute phase diameters of making charcoal determine according to operating linear velocity, and close phase diameter determines according to shale ashes reserve, density, and total height is according to semicoke make charcoal internal circulating load, reserve and the shale ashes settling height calculative determination of time and shale ashes.
Described high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve 23, can adopt various conventional flowrate control valves as guiding valve, to regulate the temperature out of high temperature shale ashes flow control riser reactor.1st, 2 semicoke flowrate control valves 13 and 31 can adopt various conventional flowrate control valves as guiding valve, to regulate semicoke flow.
The 1st described semicoke inclined tube 12 and the 2nd semicoke inclined tube 14, it is circular metal tube liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining that pipeline adopts cross section, and internal diameter is Φ 300～2000mm, and its its diameter is according to semicoke internal circulating load and semicoke operational densities calculative determination wherein.
Described dry distillation reactor device 19 comprises the 1st and the 2nd cyclonic separator 17,18, stripping stage 28, its device diameters is determined according to operating air linear speed, height of dense phase is determined according to the residence Time Calculation of resinous shale raw material, dilute phase height is according to the settling height calculative determination of semicoke, and stripping stage diameter and height are according to the semicoke charge density calculative determination of semicoke stripping time and stripping stage.
The scantlings of the structure of described semicoke heat collector determines that can and steam vapour amount occur according to semicoke flow and semicoke entrance, temperature out carries out heat calculation and determine.
It is circular metal vessel that described semicoke blow-down drum adopts cross section, and bottom arranges blow-off valve.
Described riser reactor 22, adopting cross section is circular metal tube, liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining, length is 10～40M, Φ 200～5000mm, and its diameter determines according to operating linear velocity, and length is determined according to make charcoal device and dry distiller total height of device.
A kind of particulate state dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention is as follows as shown in Figure 1:
(a) from the high temperature circulation shale ashes of the device 5 of making charcoal with pulverize after particulate state resinous shale particle diameter≤3mm raw material enter riser tube 22 reactor bottoms and carry out contact heat transfer and destructive distillation along riser tube 22 reactors are up, and then enter dry distillation reactor device and proceed dry distillation reactor; After particulate state resinous shale raw material 24 dry distillation reactors finish, reaction generates the cyclonic separator 17,18 of oil gas 15 in dry distillation reactor device 19 and isolates reaction generation oil gas 15 and semicoke; Isolated reaction generation oil gas 15 enters fractionating system with the oil gas collection chamber 16 of stripped vapor in dry distillation reactor device 19 and carries out fractionation.
(b) enter by the dipleg of cyclonic separator in dry distillation reactor device 19 17,18 in the semicoke dense bed 20 and stripping stage 28 of dry distillation reactor device 19 from the semicoke of step (a), enter heat collector 27 heat-obtainings through stripping rear portion semicoke by the 2nd semicoke inclined tube 14 and the 2nd semicoke flowrate control valve 31 to be cooled to≤80 DEG C enter semicoke blow-down drum 26 dischargers; Another part semicoke enters make charcoal device 9 make charcoal along tubular type that device 9 is up makes charcoal of tubular type by the 1st semicoke inclined tube 12 and the 1st semicoke flowrate control valve 13, enters make charcoal the 1st in device 5 and the 2nd cyclonic separator 3,4 semicoke of regenerating and separates with flue gas through tubular type the make charcoal regeneration semicoke that generates of device 9 of making charcoal.
(c) flue gas after making charcoal by the device 5 of making charcoal and high temperature shale ashes enter the cyclonic separator 3,4 of making charcoal in device 5 and carry out high temperature shale ashes and separate with flue gas.Isolated high temperature shale ashes enter the high temperature shale ashes dense bed 6 of the device 5 of making charcoal and enter the destructive distillation thermal source of riser reactor as particulate state resinous shale raw material by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube 21 and high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve 23 through the dipleg of the 1st and the 2nd cyclonic separator 3,4; The isolated flue gas 1 of making charcoal discharges by flue gas collection chamber 2 device 5 of making charcoal.
The present invention adopts particulate state resinous shale raw material to adopt that riser tube-fluidized-bed compound destructive distillation, the device of making charcoal are made charcoal, half afocal drainage technique is produced shale oil.Due to outer row's part semicoke, the total load of making charcoal of device that makes to make charcoal equipment size and plant energy consumption low, that always burn air quantity decline, device reduce; Because half afocal is arranged the size of having dwindled the device equipment of making charcoal, appliance arrangement investment is declined; Adopt oil shale particle shape raw material, the compound retorting technique of riser tube-fluidized-bed of particle diameter≤3mm, can ensure that raw material and shale ashes normal fluidisation in device can obtain higher shale oil yield with the destructive distillation while, under processing condition of the present invention, shale oil yield accounts for 80～90% of oil shale particle shape raw material oleaginousness.
Described semicoke tubular type make charcoal that device 9 bottoms contact with the wind 10 of making charcoal and the up burning-off semicoke of device 9 of making charcoal along tubular type on 30～70% charcoal.Tubular type device 9 charcoal temperatures of making charcoal are 600～720 DEG C, and the make charcoal air linear speed of device 9 of tubular type is 1.0～10m/s.Make charcoal wind 10 for pressurized air, and when its flow can burn according to semicoke carbon content, required air quantity calculates and determines.
The described device 5 high temperature shale ashes dense bed temperature of making charcoal are 650～750 DEG C, and the device absolute pressure of making charcoal is that 0.1～0.40MPa, linear speed are that 0.1～1.2m/s, the time of making charcoal are 3～8min.The main air 7 of device 5 of making charcoal is pressurized air, and the air quantity of main air 7 is according to the total charcoal and the burning per unit charcoal required air quantity calculative determination that enter the device 5 of making charcoal.
In described riser reactor, high temperature shale ashes are 2.0～7.0 with particulate state resinous shale raw material weight ratio, and dry distillation reactor temperature is 450～550 DEG C, and the residence time of particulate state resinous shale raw material in riser reactor is 3～8min.
The operational condition of described dry distillation reactor device 19 is: temperature of reaction is 450～580 DEG C, preferably 460～540 DEG C, is preferably 480～520 DEG C; The dry distillation reactor device destructive distillation time is 2～10min, preferably 3.0～7.0min, and being preferably is 3.5～4.5min.Reaction absolute pressure is 0.10～0.40MPa.
The stripping condition of the stripping stage 28 of described dry distillation reactor device 19 is conventional, and stripping medium is hyperthermia and superheating water vapor, and stripping temperature is 480～520 DEG C.
Described semicoke heat collector semicoke is cooled to≤80 DEG C of dischargers.
Described resinous shale material is the particulate state resinous shale raw material of particle diameter≤3mm, oleaginousness (aluminium Zhen method) 5～35%, water content≤15%.In coal chemical technology, be ripe by resinous shale raw material crushing technically to particle diameter≤3mm at present.
Operation and the control process of the technician of coal chemical technology to oil shale distillation is clearly, can select aforesaid operations condition according to concrete operations situation.
Comparative example and embodiment
Comparative example
Adopt Yilan large particle diameter resinous shale raw material.Retort experiment adopts the fixed bed device at intermittence of 0.15 ton of/day treatment capacity to carry out, and fixed bed adopts electrically heated, and water vapour stripping shale oil gas generates oil gas and carries out condensation recovery.
Feedstock property is in table 1, and the operational condition of destructive distillation condition, product distribute in table 2.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1-embodiment 6 all adopts cananga oil shale feed particulate material, feedstock property is in table 3, oil shale distillation is carried out on the fluidizer of laboratory, raw material feeding temperature is envrionment temperature, semicoke adopts tubular type to enter in the device of making charcoal after making charcoal and makes charcoal, and regeneration semicoke enters the device by the main air amount control actuator temperature of making charcoal of making charcoal again.The stripping medium of dry distillation reactor device stripping stage is water vapor, and dry distillation reactor device linear speed is not more than 0.7m/s; Stripping temperature is 500 DEG C, and burning main air is 0.4MPa pressurized air, and it is 80 DEG C that semicoke is got rid of temperature.
Adopt cananga oil shale feed particulate material, feedstock property is in table 3.
Oil shale distillation is carried out on the fluidizer of laboratory, and semicoke adopts tubular type to enter in the device of making charcoal after making charcoal and makes charcoal, and regeneration semicoke enters the device by the main air amount control actuator temperature of making charcoal of making charcoal again.The stripping medium of dry distillation reactor device stripping stage is water vapor, and stripping temperature is 500 DEG C.Operational condition, product distribution and the portioned product character of the present embodiment shale oil destructive distillation device are in table 4.
Table 1 comparative example resinous shale feedstock property
| Raw material | Cananga oil shale raw material |
| Specific heat, cal/kg. DEG C | 0.259 |
| Oleaginousness, % (aluminium Zhen method) | 8.50 |
| Water content, % | 6.90 |
| Shale ashes content, % | 70.40 |
| Size distribution % | |
| ≤0.5mm | 2.0 |
| 0.5-5mm | 11.0 |
| 5-10mm | 16.5 |
| 10-20mm | 26.3 |
| 20-30mm | 44.2 |
Operational condition, the product of table 2 comparative example fixed bed dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Table 3 embodiment 1-6 resinous shale fine powder feedstock property
| Raw material | Cananga oil shale fine powder raw material |
| Heap ratio, g/ml | 1.04 |
| Specific heat, cal/kg. DEG C | 0.259 |
| Oleaginousness, % (aluminium Zhen method) | 8.50 |
| Water content, % | 6.90 |
| Shale ashes content, % | 70.40 |
| Size distribution % | |
| 0-20μm | 16.5 |
| 20-40μm | 6.0 |
| 40-80μm | 5.1 |
| 80-110μm | 2.3 |
| 110-149μm | 3.1 |
| 149-500μm | 18.2 |
| 500-1000μm | 20.0 |
| 1000-1500μm | 18.5 |
| 1500-3000μm | 10.3 |
Operational condition, the product of table 4 embodiment 1 dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Operational condition, the product of table 5 embodiment 2 dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Operational condition, the product of table 6 embodiment 3 dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Operational condition, the product of table 7 embodiment 4 dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Operational condition, the product of table 8 embodiment 5 dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Operational condition, the product of table 9 embodiment 6 dry distillation apparatus for oil shale distribute and portioned product character
Claims (18)
1. an oil shale retort method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, enter riser reactor carry out destructive distillation from the circulation shale ashes of the device of making charcoal and resinous shale raw material, and then enter dry distillation reactor device and proceed dry distillation reactor, reaction generates oil gas and isolates reaction through cyclonic separator and generate oil gas and semicoke; Isolated reaction generates oil gas and carries out fractionation;
B, enter semicoke dense bed from the semicoke of step a, the part semicoke after stripping is discharged after by semicoke inclined tube heat-obtaining; Part semicoke enters the tubular type device of making charcoal by semicoke inclined tube, contacts the charcoal of 30-70% on burning-off semicoke in the described tubular type device bottom of making charcoal with the wind of making charcoal, and makes charcoal and generates regeneration semicoke through the tubular type device of making charcoal; The make charcoal charcoal temperature of device of described tubular type is 600～750 DEG C, and the make charcoal air linear speed of device of tubular type is 1.0～10.0m/s, and time 5～40s makes charcoal;
C, enter cyclonic separator at the generation flue gas of device after making charcoal of making charcoal with high temperature shale ashes from the regeneration semicoke of step b and separate, isolated high temperature shale ashes enter the high temperature shale ashes dense bed of the device of making charcoal and enter riser reactor by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube, and the isolated flue gas of making charcoal is discharged the device of making charcoal.
2. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the reaction generation oil gas in described step a enters fractionating system by the oil gas collection chamber in dry distillation reactor device and carries out fractionation.
3. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the semicoke in described step b enters heat collector through stripping rear section semicoke by semicoke inclined tube and semicoke flowrate control valve, enters semicoke blow-down drum discharger after heat-obtaining; Part semicoke enters the tubular type device of making charcoal by semicoke inclined tube and semicoke flowrate control valve and makes charcoal, and the regeneration semicoke of generation enters the device of making charcoal again, and the cyclonic separator of making charcoal in the device semicoke of regenerating separates with flue gas.
4. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the isolated high temperature shale ashes in described step c enter the high temperature shale ashes dense bed of the device of making charcoal and enter riser reactor by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube and high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve through the dipleg of cyclonic separator; The isolated flue gas of making charcoal discharges by flue gas collection chamber the device of making charcoal.
5. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step b, semicoke outflow temperature is less than 80 DEG C.
6. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described riser reactor, shale ashes are 2.0～7.0 with resinous shale raw material weight ratio, dry distillation reactor temperature is 450～550 DEG C, and the residence time of resinous shale raw material in riser reactor is 3～8min.
7. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described dry distillation reactor device, the resinous shale raw material dry distillation reactor time is 2～10min, dry distillation reactor temperature is 450～550 DEG C, and dry distillation reactor absolute pressure is 0.10～0.40MPa.
8. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described resinous shale raw material is the particulate state resinous shale raw material of particle diameter≤3mm, oleaginousness 5～35%, water content≤15%.
9. oil shale retort method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in the high temperature shale ashes dense bed temperature in device of making charcoal be 650～750 DEG C, air linear speed is 0.1～1.2m/s, and the time of making charcoal is 3～8min, and the device of making charcoal operation absolute pressure is 0.10～0.40MPa.
10. an oil shale retort device, for realizing the oil shale retort method as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: this device comprises tubular type make charcoal device, the device of making charcoal, riser reactor and dry distillation reactor device, the device of making charcoal is connected with riser reactor bottom by high temperature shale ashes inclined tube, riser reactor bottom is provided with material inlet, and riser reactor top exit is arranged on the top of dry distillation reactor device; Dry distillation reactor device top arranges cyclonic separator, oil gas collection chamber; Dry distillation reactor device bottom is stripping stage, and stripping stage bottom is provided with semicoke inclined tube, and described semicoke inclined tube is connected with semicoke heat collector with the tubular type device of making charcoal respectively; The tubular type device top exit of making charcoal is located at and makes charcoal in device.
11. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described tubular type is made charcoal in device and is provided with the wind distribution pipe of making charcoal; The described device bottom of making charcoal is provided with distributor pipe of cardinal wind, and top is provided with cyclonic separator and is connected with flue gas collection chamber; Described dry distillation reactor device top is provided with cyclonic separator and is connected with oil gas collection chamber.
12. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described high temperature shale ashes inclined tube is provided with high temperature shale ashes flowrate control valve; Described semicoke inclined tube is provided with semicoke flowrate control valve.
13. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: the described tubular type device top exit of making charcoal is positioned at the device high temperature shale ashes dense-phase bed interface top of making charcoal.
14. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described riser reactor top exit is arranged on the top, dense-phase bed interface of dry distillation reactor device.
15. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: make charcoal device and dry distillation reactor device are set up in parallel.
16. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described tubular type make charcoal device adopt cross section be circular metal tube liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining, diameter is 200～5000mm, length is 10～40m.
17. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: it is circular metal tube liner insulating and wearing-resistant lining that described riser reactor adopts cross section, and diameter is 200～5000mm, and length is 10～40m.
18. oil shale retort devices according to claim 10, is characterized in that: it is circular metal tube that resinous shale material feeding tube adopts cross section, and diameter is 200～1500mm, and position, resinous shale feed(raw material)inlet is 3～4m apart from riser reactor bottom.
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