CN103096729A - Food for aquacultural feeding - Google Patents
Food for aquacultural feeding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103096729A CN103096729A CN201180037174XA CN201180037174A CN103096729A CN 103096729 A CN103096729 A CN 103096729A CN 201180037174X A CN201180037174X A CN 201180037174XA CN 201180037174 A CN201180037174 A CN 201180037174A CN 103096729 A CN103096729 A CN 103096729A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- ovum
- seedling
- halogen worm
- aquaculture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
Abstract
The invention relates to an extract of Artemia cysts and to an aquacultural food containing said extract.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be intended to the extract of raising for aquaculture.
Background technology
Fish and shellfish had to initiatively raise by its ontogeny (ontogenese) before its digestive system development is completed.For most of marine species, the inertia feed that provides is not suitable for the phase I (premiere phase) of seedling life.Therefore, be necessary from feed absorption first (0.2 to 0.4mg the seedling of depending on species) until rear young stage phase (more than 50mg) adopt the predation thing (proie) of living to raise these seedling.Within this short period, growth is fast.
In the intensity cultivation, be necessary to adopt the production of unicellular alga to set up an artificial food chain with letting animals feed, described unicellular alga itself is intended to use as the predation thing of fish seedling.Yet the cost of these solutions is still very high.
In natural environment, described seedling is take planktonic organism as food.Therefore, one of solution is that restructuring promotes the environment that phytoplankton and zooplankter grow and described seedling is introduced wherein.
The most frequently used species as the predation thing of living are halogen worm (Art é mia) and wheel animalcule (rotifere).
Wheel animalcule is used because of its special productivity based on parthenogenesis type propagation (multiplication parth é nog é n é tique).
Halogen worm (Artemia spp.) adapts to high salinity environment.They produce ovum (cyste) in large quantities in sabkha and other high salinity water bodys.In order to be easy to collect, the described ovum in resting state (" egg in the time limit (oeufs de dur é e) ") is stored in the drying regime under vacuum.Its purposes in hatching is simple from technical standpoint: only need to make its activation by moisturizing and oxygenate, can complete in 24 hours in 28 ℃ and hatch (é closion) without the seedling in joint seedling stage (stade nauplius).Described can directly being used as without the joint seedling preyed on thing.The cultivation of a couple of days can obtain larger predation thing.
At present, on physiological angle, the halogen worm is irreplaceable basically.
Yet the cost of predation thing that produces this work in the hatchery is too high, and (as all predation things of living) it may transmit pathogen and it is transmitted to seedling.In addition, the nutritional quality of halogen worm in culturing pool descends rapidly, must utilize the deposit of oneself so that survival because they can't raise own.Therefore, the halogen worm that lives must upgrade (supply new halogen worm, eliminate older halogen worm) continually.
Therefore, a kind of feed of raising (alimentation aquacole), particularly fish and shellfish seedling for aquaculture need to be arranged, described feed ratio halogen worm more cheaply and more is easy to use, but is nutritious equally.
Therefore, someone advises adopting and replaces the halogen worm with the obtainable halogen worm's ovum of unconfined quantity (in other words, their egg), thereby has avoided hatching process.
Yet, the inventor surprisingly finds, the halogen worm's ovum comprises a certain amount of European directive (people such as Coppens that do not meet in its ovum wall, European regulations on nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and functional foods:A framework based on safety, Toxicology, 221 (2006) 59-74) semicarbazides (SEM).
Therefore, people's (d é capsul é) ovum of advising adopting film to divest (in other words, wherein the ovum that has been eliminated by chemical stripping of ovum wall) substitutes the halogen worm's ovum.
" Manual on the Production and Use of Live Food for Aquaculture ", FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), 4.2.3 section film divests ",
Http:// www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W3732E/w3732e0n.htm" An improved technique for decapsulation and preservation of Artemia cysts (Brine shrimp eggs) developed at the Chacheongsao fisheries station " described the film process for stripping of ovum in Anand Tunsutapanich.These methods are used hypochlorite and caustic soda.
Yet the inventor is surprisingly discovery again, and the halogen worm's ovum that divests film by these methods also comprises a certain amount of semicarbazides (SEM) that does not meet European directive, because chemical films divests reaction by alkaline oxygenated generation SEM.
Therefore, the inventor seeks to develop a kind of special method a kind of extract that does not contain the halogen worm's ovum content of SEM is provided, and it is the same with halogen worm during aquaculture is raised is rich in nutrition.
Itrofurans is included in one group of antibiotic that past attempts is widely used in the intensity cultivation of pig, poultry and fish.At the end of the eighties, already proved, the rapid metabolism of they quilts after using also forms lasting residue.Therefore, itrofurans and metabolin thereof have been classified as the genetoxic compound.Semicarbazides (SEM) is the feature metabolin of one of these itrofurans (5-nitrofuran formaldehyde semicarbazone).SEM is one of member of hydrazine family, and described hydrazine is carcinogen.In 2003, SEM is detected in non-animal source food, then be detected (the people such as L.Saari in the marine prods that does not adopt antibiotic treatment of catching such as lobster, Novel source of semicarbazide:levels of semicarbazide in cooked crayfish samples determined by LC/MS/MS, Food Additives and Contaminants, Vol.21, No9, p825-832).
The feed that aquaculture is raised that is used for that therefore, a kind of halogen worm based on not containing SEM need to be arranged.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide such feed.
The inventor has developed a kind of method be used to divesting halogen worm's ovum film, and it might obtain not contain the halogen worm's ovum extract of SEM.
For this reason, purpose of the present invention relates to the halogen worm's ovum extract that does not contain semicarbazides (SEM), the nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical of preferably raising as a kind of aquaculture.
Already proved, when using this extract in the feed of fish and shellfish seedling, this extract is particularly advantageous, because these feeds can substitute the absorption of halogen worm alive.
Concentrate of the present invention is intended to for all spectra, particularly fish of aquaculture raising or the raising of shellfish seedling.
It is particularly conducive to the raising of shrimps seedling.
According to an embodiment, extract according to the present invention is the concentrate of complete yolk plate (plaquette vitelline).
The halogen worm's ovum comprises yolk plate.
" yolk plate " refers to the storage organelle of the egg in and cytoplasm that be present in egg mother cell that divide by the film that comes from into yolk effect (vitellogenese).
They form the part of " yolk (vitellus) "." yolk " refers to all deposit materials of egg.
" complete yolk plate " refers to separable yolk plate, and its content can be under following physiological condition, spontaneously hydrolysis in less than the time of two hours: in the seawater of pH8.5-9.0 and 28.0-30.0 ℃.If described platelet is incomplete, it remains the particle form with adventitia under the same conditions so.
Another object of the present invention relates to the purposes of extract of the present invention, and it is used for raising in aquaculture the seedling of fish or shellfish.
Another object of the present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture feed, and it comprises the extract of complete yolk plate of the present invention.
Another object of the present invention relates to the purposes of extract of the present invention, and it is for the preparation of aquaculture feed.
Another object of the present invention relates to a kind of method for the preparation of extract of the present invention.
Method of the present invention is particularly advantageous, because it does not need expensive hatching process, and because initiation material (egg) conveniently is easy to get.
The halogen worm's ovum enriches in salt water very much, yet the number of the ovum that can survive is low-down sometimes.Therefore, with the predation phase ratio of living, feed of the present invention is particularly advantageous.
The first step of described method (i) forms by breaking and removing egg membrane.After moisturizing, carry out Mechanical Crushing.Preferably, carry out the Mechanical Crushing of egg membrane by being equipped with vaned turbine.
Term " egg membrane " refers to all cells layer that the embryo is isolated from the outside, i.e. keriotheca (couche alv é olaire), outside and inner epidermis film and embryonic cuticle (FAO, CYST BIOLOGY, Gilbert Van Stappen).
The first step of the method that the conventional method that divests by chemical films is carried out is left out, because of its can not break embryonic cuticle and inner epidermis film.
Egg membrane can separate and/or centrifugal (for example, sedimentation-type centrifuge (centrifugeuse à d é cantation)) is eliminated by machinery.
For example, the content of the ovum that will obtain in abovementioned steps less than 300 μ m, is then 150 μ m with the mixture of egg membrane of breaking, and is then decant (d é cant é) on a series of sieves of 70 μ m.
Preferably, these steps in method of the present invention preferably between 5 and 8.5, are particularly preferably carried out under the pH between 6 and 7 between 4 and 10.
Preferably, the institute in method of the present invention preferably between 0 and 40 ℃, particularly preferably carries out at the temperature between 0 and 20 ℃ in steps between 0 and 60 ℃.
The optional second step that method of the present invention comprises the dry extract that obtains (ii).
This drying steps can be undertaken by atomizing (atomisation), and hot-air enters atomisation tower, and the temperature of atomisation tower is necessary for 200 ° below C, preferably between 160 to 180 ° of C; Perhaps act at-15 ° of temperature below C by real freeze drying and carry out.
Randomly, method of the present invention is included in adds composition and the additive that the technical staff in aquaculture raising field commonly uses in the process of step (i), as vitamin, lipid, antioxidant.
Another object of the present invention relates to the halogen worm's ovum extract that does not contain SEM that preparation in accordance with the present invention can obtain.
Another object of the present invention relates to a kind of for the preparation of the method according to feed of the present invention, and it comprises the agglomeration (agglom é ration) of extract of the present invention.Described agglomeration might obtain to meet the particle diameter of seedling desired value.For example, be used for the equipment of plant-scale agglomeration by fluid bed, continuous fluidized bed, " high shear Colette
TM" type eccentric arm (bras excentrique) formula blender, " tumble growth (tumble growth), pin mixer (pin mixer) or micronize rotating disk (pelletizing disc) etc. " type rotating disk (disque) or rotary drum granulator (tambour granulateur) form.
The specific embodiment
The following examples are used for explanation the present invention and do not limit its scope.
Embodiment 1: the measurement of the amount of SEM in the preparation of different ovum
Measure the amount of SEM in following preparation by the LC-MS/MS chromatography:
" divest the ovum of film " and refer to divest by the classical way that film divests the ovum of film.
The classical way that divests film of the halogen worm's ovum that uses:
With ovum in water in 25 ℃ of rehydration 1 hour.
Then on the screen cloth of 125 μ m with described ovum collecting, rinsing and be transferred to and comprise under 15-20 ℃ in the active hypochlorite of 0.5g/g ovum, 0.15g NaOH (NaOH)/g ovum and the hypochlorite solutions up to the seawater of 14ml/g ovum.
When described ovum becomes when orange, it is removed and rinsing.
Result is as follows.
| Code | The amount of SEM |
| ND YP ovum (＜100 μ m) | Suitable |
| D YP ovum (＜100 μ m) | Improper |
| Film ND ovum (〉 100 μ m) | Improper |
| Film D ovum (〉 100 μ m) | Improper |
| Whole ND ovum | Improper |
The pollution of halogen worm's ovum is approximately 4 μ gSEM/kg(ppb).
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of the extract of halogen worm's ovum content
In the pond of 5000 liters, (be no more than 20 ℃) under environment temperature, the halogen worm's ovums of 1000 kilograms are suspended in the fresh water of standard of 4000 liters.Under agitation the halogen worm's ovum is placed one hour in order to make its complete hydration.Control pH and where necessary it be adjusted to 6.5.
Then the ovum with hydration pumps into the vaned turbine of outfit, and described turbine will cut described ovum one by one.
Making the ovum of opening thus by 300 μ m, is then 150 μ m, is the vibratory sieve of 70 μ m at last.Film was not sieved on three continuous sieves, and the content that does not contain the ovum of film is collected.
Then make the content of ovum by sedimentation-type centrifuge, in order to separate yolk plate from the residue of yolk bag (sac vitellin) content.
Whole method (is no more than 20 ℃) at ambient temperature and carries out in the optimum pH of 6.5-7.0 scope.The method is to carry out with interior at two hours.
Embodiment 3: the extract that obtains from embodiment 1 is for the preparation of the method for aquaculture feed
The extract that will obtain in embodiment 2 mixes with other composition and additive such as fish oil (minimum of a value is 3%), vitamin and trace mineral, natural etc.
This mixture consists of aquaculture feed, and then its final alimentation composition is determined.
Come dry described mixture by adopting the atomizing that enters air (air entrant) of 160 ℃.The water content of the powder that obtains will be 4-6%, preferred 5.0%.
Then with the powder agglomeration in fluid bed that atomizes.Come agglomerating powder by the solution spray that will contain organic polymer such as alginate, carrageenan or gelatin.With described solution spray until obtain to have the particulate powder of the average grain diameter of 200 to 250 μ m.
Subsequently in identical fluid bed, adopt temperature be no more than 60 ℃ enter the dry described particulate powder of air.
Then end product is sieved into three kinds of different fractions (1)＜150 μ m, (2) 150-400 μ m and (3) 400-600 μ m.These three kinds of fractions are used in the different developmental phases of the seedling of fish or shrimp.
Embodiment 4: the comparative measurement (Venezuela) in hatchery (é closerie)
Feed the shrimp seedling of raising and the shrimp seedling that adopts the halogen worm that lives to raise that obtains in embodiment 3 adopted in contrast.
Then from survival rate, stress test, weight, collect rear young phase seedling the result that obtains of quantitative aspects comparison.
Described stress test by with a certain amount of rear young phase seedling be placed in the fresh water of Low-salinity 20-30 minute and it be returned in initial Variation of Salinity Condition and form.
Then calculate survival rate.
Container is 15000L.
Result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
S: significant (P＜0.05), NS: without significant
PL: rear young phase seedling
From this research, we can draw such conclusion: adopt the seedling of concentrate of the present invention to have higher average survival rate, the PL that more collects can be provided.
Example 5: the comparative measurement (Ecuador) in the hatchery
Carry out the measurement identical with embodiment 4 in another hatchery.
Result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
From this research, we can draw such conclusion: adopt the seedling of concentrate of the present invention to have higher average survival rate, the PL that more collects can be provided.
Example 6: the comparative measurement (Mexico) in the hatchery
Carry out the measurement identical with embodiment 4 in another hatchery.
Result is as shown in table 3.
Container is 20000L.
Table 3
From this research, we can draw such conclusion: adopt the seedling of concentrate of the present invention to have higher average survival rate and growing state preferably, the PL that more collects can be provided.
Embodiment 7: embodiment 4 to 6 gathers
With the results are summarized in table 4 of obtaining in three hatcheries.
Table 4
Claims (13)
1. halogen worm's ovum extract that does not contain semicarbazides (SEM).
2. extract according to claim 1, it is as the nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical of aquaculture feed.
3. extract according to claim 2, described aquaculture feed is intended to raise the seedling of the seedling of fish or shellfish, particularly shrimps.
4. the described extract of any one according to claim 1 to 3 is characterized in that it is the concentrate of complete yolk plate.
5. the purposes of the described extract of any one according to claim 1 to 4, it is used for raising in aquaculture the seedling of fish or shellfish.
6. aquaculture feed, it comprises the described extract of any one according to claim 1 to 4.
7. the purposes of the described extract of any one according to claim 1 to 4, it is for the preparation of aquaculture feed.
8. method for the preparation of the described extract of any one according to claim 1 to 4, it comprises following steps:
(i) mechanical disruption and the removing of rehydration halogen worm's ovum film.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, wherein institute in steps between 4.0 and 10.0, preferably between 5 and 8.5, particularly preferably carries out under the pH between 6 and 7.
10. according to claim 8 or 9 described methods, wherein institute in steps between 0 and 60 ℃, preferably between 0 and 40 ℃, particularly preferably carries out at the temperature between 0 and 20 ℃.
11. the described method of any one according to claim 8 to 10, it comprises follow-up drying steps (ii), preferably at lower than the temperature of 160 ℃.
12. the extract that can obtain according to the described method of any one according to claim 8 to 11.
13. the method for the preparation of aquaculture feed, it comprises the agglomeration of the described extract of any one according to claim 1 to 4 and 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1056313 | 2010-07-30 | ||
| FR1056313A FR2963208B1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2010-07-30 | FOOD FOR AQUACULTURAL FOOD |
| PCT/EP2011/063017 WO2012013753A1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2011-07-28 | Food for aquacultural feeding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103096729A true CN103096729A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
Family
ID=43856036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180037174XA Pending CN103096729A (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2011-07-28 | Food for aquacultural feeding |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2597965A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103096729A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112013002174A2 (en) |
| EC (1) | ECSP13012464A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2963208B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2013001196A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012013753A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104974207A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 珀莱雅化妆品股份有限公司 | Method for extracting diguanosine tetraphosphate from artemia salina ova |
| CN106578356A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 生物源生物技术（深圳）股份有限公司 | Animal nutrition enhancer and application thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1063801A (en) * | 1991-02-09 | 1992-08-26 | 辽宁师范大学科技开发部 | Artemia cysts processing technology and equipment thereof shell |
| CN101720721A (en) * | 2008-10-26 | 2010-06-09 | 山东省滨州市通源水产有限公司 | Process for producing brine shrimp eggs |
-
2010
- 2010-07-30 FR FR1056313A patent/FR2963208B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-07-28 EP EP11737957.8A patent/EP2597965A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-28 CN CN201180037174XA patent/CN103096729A/en active Pending
- 2011-07-28 WO PCT/EP2011/063017 patent/WO2012013753A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-28 BR BR112013002174A patent/BR112013002174A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-07-28 MX MX2013001196A patent/MX2013001196A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-02-27 EC ECSP13012464 patent/ECSP13012464A/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1063801A (en) * | 1991-02-09 | 1992-08-26 | 辽宁师范大学科技开发部 | Artemia cysts processing technology and equipment thereof shell |
| CN101720721A (en) * | 2008-10-26 | 2010-06-09 | 山东省滨州市通源水产有限公司 | Process for producing brine shrimp eggs |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ANONYMOUS: "VITELLUS ARTEMIA CYSTS", 《TECHNICAL CARD FOR VITELLUS ARTEMIA CYSTS》, 8 March 2009 (2009-03-08) * |
| JAMES S. CLEGG: "Desiccation Tolerance in Encysted Embryos of the Animal Extremophile, Artemia1", 《INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY》, vol. 45, 31 December 2005 (2005-12-31), pages 715 - 724 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104974207A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 珀莱雅化妆品股份有限公司 | Method for extracting diguanosine tetraphosphate from artemia salina ova |
| CN104974207B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2017-07-28 | 珀莱雅化妆品股份有限公司 | A kind of method that GP4G is extracted in the artemia cysts from salt water |
| CN106578356A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 生物源生物技术（深圳）股份有限公司 | Animal nutrition enhancer and application thereof |
| CN106578356B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-09-11 | 生物源生物技术（深圳）股份有限公司 | Animal nutrition enhancer and application thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ECSP13012464A (en) | 2013-05-31 |
| WO2012013753A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| FR2963208A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 |
| MX2013001196A (en) | 2013-03-18 |
| FR2963208B1 (en) | 2012-08-31 |
| BR112013002174A2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
| EP2597965A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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Application publication date: 20130508 |