CN103091529B - Voltage transformer based on optical Fabry-Perot cavity and distributed type networking structure - Google Patents
Voltage transformer based on optical Fabry-Perot cavity and distributed type networking structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103091529B CN103091529B CN201310036211.6A CN201310036211A CN103091529B CN 103091529 B CN103091529 B CN 103091529B CN 201310036211 A CN201310036211 A CN 201310036211A CN 103091529 B CN103091529 B CN 103091529B
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Abstract
The invention provides a voltage transformer based on an optical Fabry-Perot cavity. An optical voltage sensing probe comprises a piezoelectric material, collimating lenses and optical fiber pigtails. Electrodes are plated on two end faces, along the vertical direction, of the piezoelectric material and are respectively connected with a high voltage terminal and a grounding terminal. In a vacuum environment, the two collimating lenses are inserted into a central through hole of the piezoelectric material to enable two end faces, plated with reflecting films, of the collimating lenses to be opposite, and enable a gap to be reserved between the two end faces so as to form the Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity. Optical fibers on two sides of the F-P cavity stretch out of an insulation structure and are respectively connected with a broadband light source and a light spectrum demodulation unit which are arranged on a low-voltage side. The invention further provides a distributed type networking structure using the voltage transformer. The voltage transformer based on the F-P cavity has the advantages of being provided with the temperature drift self-compensating structural design, high in running stability and reliability, free of energy supply at a high-voltage end due to the fact that the sensing probe of the transformer is in an optical passive structure, and simple in insulation requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power system voltage fields of measurement, be specifically related to a kind of optical passive electronic type voltage transformer system.
Background technology
Voltage transformer (VT) can measuring voltage parameter, and being mainly used in electric system, is the contact element of primary equipment and secondary device.It mainly uses in the control measurement device of power transmission and transformation link and system, relay protection system, fault wave recording device, metering outfit and electromagnetic environment monitor; early warning can be made to electric network fault; and isolation and System recover are implemented to fault; the optimization of power factor can also be promoted, reduce the electric energy loss that in electric line, transformer and bus cause because of conveying reactive power.
Along with the construction demand of intelligent grid and the continuous rising of line voltage grade, many drawbacks that conventional electromagnetic mutual inductor exposes have made the important task of its not competent operation of power networks status monitoring.There is novel electronic mutual inductor in the market, which eliminated the problem of traditional mutual inductor magnetic saturation, ferroresonance, there are good insulating property simultaneously, volume is little, lightweight, transient state is good, be with wide, security performance advantages of higher.Particularly its sensing probe of optical electron formula mutual inductor is made up of passive optical element completely, and high-pressure side does not need extra energy supply, and anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, is thus regarded as the developing direction of electronic mutual inductor of future generation.But the at present many employings of optical electron formula mutual inductor are to the intensity of light, polarization, the isoparametric modulation of phase place, therefore need to use a large amount of Polarization Control devices, the stability of these optical device itself, reliability and the feature be easily affected by the external environment, optical electron formula mutual inductor is existed problems such as the unstable and long-term hanging net operation of such as poor signal to noise, temperature is unstable.A lot of research institution or company, in order to solve these technical bottlenecks of optical transformer, often through improving the performance of functional sensing material or increasing the method compensating light path or reference signal, reach the object improving system stability.But these methods make again the structure of product become more complicated, add the cost of system research and development and product itself simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, cost is low and greatly improves the voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity (F-P cavity) of system stability.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions: a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, comprise and be positioned on high-tension side optical voltage sensing probe, be positioned at the wideband light source of low-pressure side, spectrum demodulating unit, the optical fiber of signal processing unit and each assembly more than connecting, optical voltage sensing probe comprises piezoelectric, collimation lens, optical fiber pigtail, piezoelectric is rectangular structure, two end faces are longitudinally coated with electrode, connect HV Terminal and ground terminal respectively, piezoelectric middle position is transversely equipped with cylindrical hole, collimation lens one end is coated with reflectance coating, one end optical cement and optical fiber pigtail bond together in addition, under vacuum conditions, two collimation lenses insert in the through hole of piezoelectric, two end faces making to be coated with reflectance coating in opposite directions and between retention gap form a F-P cavity, the optical fiber of F-P cavity both sides stretches out outside insulation system, be connected with the wideband light source of low-pressure side and spectrum demodulating unit respectively.
More specifically, the gap of 10 to 60 micrometer length is retained between two end faces that described collimation lens is coated with reflectance coating.
As the scheme optimized, whole optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity is encapsulated in the insulation system that is cast into by epoxy resin.
When the light that described wideband light source sends is by optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, only have the optical wavelength just transmissive meeting optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity condition of resonance, condition of resonance is expressed as:
mλ=2L
Wherein, λ is by the optical wavelength of F-P cavity transmission; M is an arbitrary integer; L is that the chamber of optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity is long, and under action of high voltage, piezoelectric produces flexible, cause the change of L, according to optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity condition of resonance, will there is corresponding drift in λ, drift value is directly proportional to the primary voltage being added in piezoelectric two ends.
As the scheme optimized, described spectrum demodulating unit adds photodetector by spectrometer or tunable optic filter and forms.
As the scheme optimized, described signal processing unit comprises analog to digital converter and digital signal processing module, analog to digital converter sends into digital signal processing module after converting the analog voltage signal that spectrum demodulating unit is sent here to digital quantity, after described digital signal processing module carries out filtering process to digital quantity signal, form final digital signal and export.
As the scheme optimized, the through hole two ends of described piezoelectric are with opening taper rim of a cup outwardly, and at taper rim of a cup place, collimation lens and piezoelectric are fixed by some optical cement.
The present invention also provides a kind of distributed cloth web frame adopting the above-mentioned voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, a described wideband light source beam splitter is divided into multichannel, the optical voltage transformer probe of the corresponding measured node in each road, multiplex optical voltage transformer (VT) probe synthesizes a road eventually through a wavelength division multiplexer and is input to spectrum demodulating unit, by the wavelength signals demodulation on each road out, then by signal processing unit digital signal output is converted to.
As the scheme optimized, long by the chamber setting each road Fabry-Perot-type cavity, distribute the passage of a wavelength bandwidth to each road, when voltage changes, the wavelength that optical voltage transformer probe exports drifts about thereupon in respective channel bandwidth.
The advantage of the voltage transformer (VT) based on optics F-P cavity of the present invention is:
Compared with the existing optical voltage transformer based on modulation systems such as light intensity, phase place, polarizations, mutual inductor light path of the present invention and structure are simpler, cost of manufacture is lower, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher, on high-tension side sensing probe and low-pressure side assembly can zoom out.Compared with the existing fiber grating mutual inductor modulated based on optical wavelength, mutual inductor sensing probe of the present invention has the structural design of temperature drift auto-compensation, do not need extra measuring tempeature parameter to carry out demodulation voltage parameter, therefore there is higher operation stability and reliability.And the sensing probe of this mutual inductor is optical passive structure, and high-pressure side is without the need to energy supply, simple to insulating requirements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity,
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of optics F-P cavity,
Fig. 3 is the distributed networking instrumentation plan of mutual inductor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
Voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity of the present invention forms primarily of five parts: be positioned on high-tension side optical voltage sensing probe, the wideband light source 22 being positioned at low-pressure side, spectrum demodulating unit 24, signal processing unit 26 and connect the optical fiber 3 of above each assembly.
As shown in Figure 1, optical voltage sensing probe comprises piezoelectric 12, collimation lens 14, optical fiber pigtail 16 and insulation system 17.Piezoelectric 12 is rectangular structure, and two end faces are longitudinally coated with electrode, connects HV Terminal 122 and ground terminal 124 respectively.Consult shown in Fig. 2, piezoelectric 12 middle position is transversely equipped with cylindrical hole, and through-hole diameter is slightly larger than collimation lens 14 simultaneously.Collimation lens 14 one end is coated with reflectance coating 142, and one end optical cement and optical fiber pigtail 16 bond together in addition.Under vacuum conditions, the collimation lens 14 that two diameters are about 1mm size inserts in through hole from the two ends of piezoelectric 12 respectively, two end faces making to be coated with reflectance coating 142 in opposite directions and between retain tens micrometer length gap form a F-P cavity 125.Piezoelectric 12 and F-P cavity 125 are vacuum packaged in the insulation system 17 that is cast into by epoxy resin.The optical fiber 3 of F-P cavity 125 both sides stretches out outside insulation system 17, is connected respectively with the wideband light source 22 of low-pressure side and spectrum demodulating unit 24.
When the light of wideband light source 22 is by F-P cavity 125, only having the optical wavelength meeting F-P cavity 125 condition of resonance just can be transmitted, can there is corresponding drift because of the change of condition of resonance in the optical wavelength of transmission.Tested primary voltage is added in the two end electrodes of piezoelectric 12, under high voltages, piezoelectric 12 produces mechanical deformation by inverse piezoelectric effect, this deformation is delivered in F-P cavity 125, cause the change that chamber is long, and then change the condition of resonance of F-P cavity 125, cause the wave length shift of transmitted light further.This wavelength shift is directly proportional to the amplitude of tested primary voltage.In low-pressure side, spectrum demodulating unit 24 by the wavelength shift demodulation from optical voltage sensing probe back light out, then converts digital signal output to by signal processing unit 26, thus completes the perfect measurement to primary voltage.
The condition of resonance of above-mentioned F-P cavity 125 is expressed as:
mλ=2L
Wherein, λ is by the optical wavelength of F-P cavity 125 transmission; M is an arbitrary integer; L is that the chamber of F-P cavity 125 is long.Under action of high voltage, piezoelectric 12 produces flexible, causes the change of L, and according to F-P cavity 125 condition of resonance, corresponding drift will occur λ, and drift value is directly proportional to the primary voltage being added in piezoelectric 12 two ends.
As preferred scheme, described spectrum demodulating unit 24 adds photodetector by spectrometer or tunable optic filter and forms, for detecting the drift value of λ, and convert this drift value to analog voltage signal, this signal magnitude is directly proportional to the size of tested primary voltage.
As preferred scheme, described signal processing unit 26 comprises analog to digital converter and digital signal processing module.Analog to digital converter sends into digital signal processing module after converting the analog voltage signal that spectrum demodulating unit 24 is sent here to digital quantity; After described digital signal processing module carries out filtering process to digital quantity signal, form final digital signal and export.
What mark in Fig. 2 is transmission-type F-P cavity structure.Piezoelectric 12 be first processed to middle with through hole, through hole two ends with the structure of taper rim of a cup, the internal diameter of through hole is identical with collimation lens 14 external diameter on optical fiber pigtail 16.In vacuumizing environment, first an optical fiber pigtail 16 is inserted the through hole of piezoelectric 12, collimation lens 14 and piezoelectric 12 are fixed by distal point optical cement 126, again another root optical fiber pigtail 14 is inserted the through hole of piezoelectric 12 from the other end, gap between the reflectance coating 142 regulating two collimation lens 14 end faces, observe spectrometer simultaneously, fine setting cavity gap is until when output spectrum is the channel bandwidth centre wavelength of F-P cavity 125 setting, this one end is fixed by some optical cement 126, so just forms the F-P cavity 125 of a transmission-type driven by piezoelectric 12.
Optical voltage sensing of the present invention probe, by the design of the fixed bonding point of chamber length to F-P cavity 125, the length of collimation lens 14, the thickness of piezoelectric 12 and collimation lens 14 and piezoelectric 12, can eliminate the instability that probe is brought by temperature variation.The voltage transformer (VT) instability caused by temperature depends on the change of the F-P cavity condition of resonance that temperature causes, and is mainly reflected in the change of the F-P cavity chamber length caused of expanding with heat and contract with cold of material.The factor of optical voltage sensing probe temperature influence of the present invention comprises expanding with heat and contract with cold of piezoelectric and expanding with heat and contract with cold of collimation lens.In above-mentioned optical voltage sensing sonde configuration, first the heat expansion of piezoelectric can cause the increase of F-P cavity chamber length, and the heat expansion of collimation lens can cause long the diminishing in F-P cavity chamber, both line heat expansion coefficients are in same magnitude, therefore by designing the adhesive spots of collimation lens and piezoelectric, the change of cavity length that both temperature influences can be caused is offset.Therefore the pinpoint accuracy that optical voltage sensing probe of the present invention inherently can realize zero temp shift is measured, and does not need the adaptive algorithm of extra compensation light path, reference link and complexity.
Optical voltage sensing sonde configuration of the present invention can also have a variety of design and bonding way, and the shape of piezoelectric used and the selection of polarization mode can be various.But the common trait of sensing probe is all adopt vacuum as the medium of F-P cavity body, and the temperature stability of probe is good like this, and F-P cavity carrys out the change of induced voltage by the deformation of piezoelectric simultaneously.
Optical voltage sensing of the present invention upper and lower two ends of popping one's head in are coated with metal electrode, one end is connected with high voltage bus, other end ground connection, the voltage of high voltage bus is directly added on the electrode of piezoelectric, the mode of this direct measurement makes voltage transformer (VT) not by the impact of external electrical field interference, and it will be more accurate for measuring.
The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of wavelength signals detected in the present invention can not increase with the distance of spread fiber and be deteriorated, and thus can realize zooming out of high-pressure side sensing probe and low-pressure side assembly.
Voltage transformer (VT) based on optics F-P cavity of the present invention additionally provides the distributed measurement networking function of voltage transformer (VT).Network-building method can take the technology such as wavelength-division multiplex, time division multiplex, space division multiplexing, Yi Jibo, combined spatial and time division multiplexing to realize distributed arranging net.Fig. 3 gives a kind of embodiment of the distributed measurement of this mutual inductor, and this embodiment is a kind of application form of wavelength-division multiplex.First wideband light source 22 beam splitter is divided into multichannel by this embodiment, the optical voltage transformer probe of the corresponding measured node in each road, long by the chamber setting each road F-P cavity 125, distributes the passage of a wavelength bandwidth to each road.When voltage changes, the wavelength that optical voltage transformer probe exports drifts about thereupon in respective channel bandwidth, and multichannel is synthesized a road eventually through a wavelength division multiplexer and is input to spectrum demodulating unit 24, by the wavelength signals demodulation on each road out.
In sum, the present invention provide not only a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, and provides the thermal solution of voltage transformer (VT) on this basis.Compared with existing optical electron formula mutual inductor, voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity adopts the principle of wavelength-modulated, has more succinct light channel structure, higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), larger detection sensitivity, farther signal transmission distance and lower cost of manufacture.Voltage transformer (VT) based on optics F-P cavity provided by the invention also has better compatible simultaneously, easily multiple sensing probe can be integrated, form combined type or distributed voltage transformer (VT), make different mutual inductor units share a set of wideband light source and spectrum demodulating system, greatly reduce the cost setting up monitoring network.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the invention; not in order to limit the invention; the any amendment done within all spirit in the invention and principle, equivalently to replace and improvement etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in the invention.
Claims (9)
1. the voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, comprise and be positioned on high-tension side optical voltage sensing probe, be positioned at the wideband light source of low-pressure side, spectrum demodulating unit, the optical fiber of signal processing unit and each assembly more than connecting, it is characterized in that: optical voltage sensing probe comprises piezoelectric, collimation lens, optical fiber pigtail, piezoelectric is rectangular structure, two end faces are longitudinally coated with electrode, connect HV Terminal and ground terminal respectively, middle position is transversely equipped with cylindrical hole, collimation lens one end is coated with reflectance coating, one end optical cement and optical fiber pigtail bond together in addition, under vacuum conditions, two collimation lenses insert in the through hole of piezoelectric, two end faces making to be coated with reflectance coating in opposite directions and between retention gap form a F-P cavity, the optical fiber of F-P cavity both sides stretches out outside insulation system, be connected with the wideband light source of low-pressure side and spectrum demodulating unit respectively.
2. a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the gap retaining 10 to 60 micrometer length between two end faces that described collimation lens is coated with reflectance coating.
3. a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: whole optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity is encapsulated in the insulation system that is cast into by epoxy resin.
4. a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the light that described wideband light source sends is by optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, only have the optical wavelength just transmissive meeting optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity condition of resonance, condition of resonance is expressed as:
mλ＝2L
Wherein, λ is by the optical wavelength of F-P cavity transmission; M is an arbitrary integer; L is that the chamber of optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity is long, and under action of high voltage, piezoelectric produces flexible, cause the change of L, according to optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity condition of resonance, will there is corresponding drift in λ, drift value is directly proportional to the primary voltage being added in piezoelectric two ends.
5. a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as described in any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that: described spectrum demodulating unit adds photodetector by spectrometer or tunable optic filter and forms.
6. a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that: described signal processing unit comprises analog to digital converter and digital signal processing module, analog to digital converter sends into digital signal processing module after converting the analog voltage signal that spectrum demodulating unit is sent here to digital quantity, after described digital signal processing module carries out filtering process to digital quantity signal, form final digital signal and export.
7. a kind of voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the through hole two ends of described piezoelectric are with opening taper rim of a cup outwardly, and at taper rim of a cup place, collimation lens and piezoelectric are fixed by some optical cement.
8. one kind adopts the distributed cloth web frame of the voltage transformer (VT) based on optical method Fabry-Perot-type cavity as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that: a described wideband light source beam splitter is divided into multichannel, the optical voltage transformer probe of the corresponding measured node in each road, multiplex optical voltage transformer (VT) probe synthesizes a road eventually through a wavelength division multiplexer and is input to spectrum demodulating unit, by the wavelength signals demodulation on each road out, then by signal processing unit digital signal output is converted to.
9. a distributed cloth web frame as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: long by the chamber setting each road Fabry-Perot-type cavity, the passage of a wavelength bandwidth is distributed to each road, when voltage changes, the wavelength that optical voltage transformer probe exports drifts about thereupon in respective channel bandwidth.
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| CN108802469B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2020-12-18 | 北京航天时代光电科技有限公司 | Novel low-voltage optical voltage sensing device |
| CN109521247A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-26 | 龙岩学院 | The temperature self-compensation method of transverse modulation optical voltage transformer |
| CN111751596A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-09 | 贵州江源电力建设有限公司 | Distributed high-voltage transmission line current detection system |
| CN112433102A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-03-02 | 西安理工大学 | Optical fiber electric field sensor based on F-P interference principle and method thereof |
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