CN103075819B - Composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond - Google Patents
Composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN103075819B CN103075819B CN201310064456.XA CN201310064456A CN103075819B CN 103075819 B CN103075819 B CN 103075819B CN 201310064456 A CN201310064456 A CN 201310064456A CN 103075819 B CN103075819 B CN 103075819B
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- layer
- porous medium
- solar pond
- composite porous
- porous media
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/10—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids forming pools or ponds
- F24S10/13—Salt-gradient ponds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
The invention provides a composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond. A deep-color porous medium layer is horizontally paved at the bottom of a solar pond heat storage layer; a transparent porous medium layer is horizontally paved above the deep-color porous medium layer; the void spaces of the transparent porous medium layer and the deep-color porous medium layer are full of strong brine, i.e., voids are filled with the strong brine, so that a composite porous medium layer is constructed; the total thickness of the composite porous medium layer is determined according to the practical depth of the built salt-gradient solar pond; specific to the aim of preventing the stability of a salt-gradient layer from being damaged by the temperature rise of the heat storage layer caused by the composite porous medium layer, the total thickness of the composite porous medium layer is not greater than a half of the total thickness of the heat storage layer; and a strong brine layer, the salt-gradient layer and a fresh water layer are poured in sequence from the upper part of the composite porous medium layer, so that the composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond is constructed. The composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond has a good characteristic of increasing the average temperature of the heat storage layer, and has an important practical application value.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of salt gradient solar pond technology, belong to regenerative resource and energy-saving field, particularly a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, it is the salt gradient solar pond that a kind of reservoir adds composite porous media layer.
background technology:
Salt gradient solar pond is a kind of brine pit with finite concentration gradient, and it can be collected simultaneously and store solar energy, has the function of solar energy heating and heat accumulation concurrently.The thermmal storage character had due to itself, salt gradient solar pond has important development potentiality in solar thermal utilization.Salt gradient solar pond is primarily of three layers of formation, and orlop is reservoir, is made up of strong brine, and intermediate layer is salt gradient layer, and salinity reduces from below to up successively, and the superiors are fresh water aquifer.The salt gradient reduced gradually in the salting liquid of troposphere middle and high concentration and salt gradient layer is descended from bottom to top in solar pond, under gravity, prevent the free convection process in whole pond, so heat can not be lost in surface air in the mode of convection current, can only be delivered to water surface by thicker salt gradient layer in thermo-conducting manner, and conduction process is relatively slowly.Like this, the solar radiation arriving reservoir is stored in the form of heat.Although the solar radiation arriving earth surface is intermittent, depend on atmospheric condition to a great extent, large area salt gradient solar pond can absorb and store solar energy, even in continuous print is overcast and rainy, reservoir does not have yet significantly lowers the temperature.Solar energy can be stored for use in winter in warm season by the salt gradient solar pond of appropriate design and operation.Salt gradient solar pond can provide low-temperature heat source, can be dry for agriculture fish product, aquaculture is survived the winter, winter heating, desalinization, even dynamic power system provides thermal source.
China is vast in territory, and solar energy resources enriches, and salt gradient solar pond not only can not bring pollution to environment, according to the operation logic of solar pond, itself or the container of pollutant, such as adopt bittern perfusion solar pond, the remaining bittern main component of salt manufacturing is NaCl, MgCl
2and MgSO
4deng, be often provided freely to chemical plant for the production of magnesium chloride.But supply exceed demand for magnesium chloride in the market.Undressed bittern is flow back to sea, not only pollute offshore sea waters but also caused the waste of resource, and affected the quality of the follow-up product salt of salt flat, adopt bittern perfusion solar pond, both having make use of may to the discarded object-bittern of environment, simultaneously again for people provide heat energy.
Although solar pond has above advantage, but because its reservoir of traditional salt gradient solar pond is formed primarily of strong brine or bittern, for large area solar pond, although the total heat energy stored is very large, but the temperature of reservoir is not high, the large area salt gradient solar pond reservoir mean temperature of general actual motion only has 40-70
obetween C, this limits the application of salt gradient solar pond to a great extent, so the research improving salt gradient solar pond reservoir temperature is significant.
Porous media salt gradient solar pond is four layer models, bottom traditional salt gradient solar pond, with the addition of one deck porous media.Porous media has less thermal diffusivity, and the material of low thermal diffusivity coefficient has good heat insulation effect.In recent years, someone proposes to increase the way of porous medium layer bottom reservoir to slow down the diffusion of salt to upper strata, inventor herein is through research, result shows that bottom is added porous media material and is conducive to the rising of solar pond reservoir temperature, the experimental result of adding slag shows, while raising reservoir temperature, also have good heat insulation effect at night.In general, the porous media added is advisable with dark color, to increase the absorptive rate of radiation arrived bottom solar pond, according to the difference of the dark porosity of porous medium added in solar pond, general thick at 5-20cm, cause underclad portion not receive solar radiation, cause porous media waste to a certain extent, reservoir mean temperature does not still reach peak.
summary of the invention:
The present invention be directed to the problems referred to above that porous media salt gradient solar pond exists, and develop a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, it adds two kinds and above porous medium layer, different porous media properties is utilized to reach best heat accumulation effect, can reach and significantly improve salt gradient solar pond reservoir mean temperature, namely increase the actual available energy (heat of salt gradient solar pond reservoir
e x,Q) object.
A kind of method for building up of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond: this salt gradient solar pond reservoir bottommost level lays dark porous media material, the strong brine density requiring this dark porous media material solid portion density to be greater than interstitial space to be full of, according to the porosity of this dark porous media material self and different from the porous media layer porosity that strong brine is formed, laying depth is between 5 cm-20 cm.Continue level above dark porous medium layer and lay transparent porous dielectric material, this transparent porous dielectric material density of solid is greater than strong brine, grain diameter is greater than the dark porous media material of lower floor, this layer of transparent porous dielectric layer and described dark porous media layer material are full of strong brine, namely hole place is filled by strong brine, dark porous medium layer and on transparent porous dielectric layer constitute composite porous media layer.Composite porous media layer gross thickness is determined according to set up salt gradient solar pond actual grade, and in order to avoid destroying salt gradient layer stability because reservoir temperature raises, the gross thickness of composite porous media layer requires to be not more than 1/2 of the gross thickness of reservoir.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, be included in the heat exchanger of solar pond outer setting, the hot fluid import of heat exchanger is provided with hot salt brine and extracts pipeline, the hot fluid outlet ports of heat exchanger is provided with hot salt brine playback pipeline after heat exchange, the cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger connects and cold fluid inlet pipeline, the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger connects the rear pipeline of cold fluid heating, wherein: have heat-insulation layer at the outer bottom of solar pond, dark porous medium layer has been horizontally disposed with at the inner bottom part of solar pond, the upper horizontal of dark porous medium layer is provided with transparent porous dielectric layer, be provided with strong brine in the interstitial space of this transparent porous dielectric layer and described dark porous medium layer and constitute composite porous media layer, the strong brine layer on composite porous media layer and top constitutes reservoir, reservoir, salt gradient layer and fresh water aquifer constitute composite porous media salt gradient solar pond.
Further, the solid material density of described dark porous medium layer is greater than strong brine.
Further, the solid material density of described transparent porous dielectric layer is greater than strong brine, and grain diameter is not less than dark porous media layer material.
Further, described hot salt brine extracts the top that pipeline should be in composite porous media layer, and after heat exchange, the position of hot salt brine playback pipeline should be in dark porous medium layer.
Further, described composite porous media layer or interpolation at least one porous media material, or two kinds of different porous media materials.
Further, the material of described dark porous medium layer can be slag or dark cobblestone or dark vermiculite.
Further, the material of described transparent porous dielectric layer can be glassware or other materials that transmissivity is larger;
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) feature of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond of the present invention is dark porous media material is select high to sunlight transmittance, that reflectivity is low material, as materials such as slag, vermiculite, dark cobblestones, and this material has lower thermal diffusivity, has the density larger than poured into strong brine, simultaneously, these porous media material wide material sources, cheap and easy to get; The transparent porous dielectric layer material on composite porous media layer upper strata selects to have high transmitance, the material of low-launch-rate to sunshine, and this material has lower thermal diffusivity, has the density larger than poured into strong brine, simultaneously, this porous media material also answers wide material sources, cheap and easy to get.
2) composite porous media salt gradient solar pond tool of the present invention increases significantly the characteristic of reservoir mean temperature, in identical caloric receptivity situation, can improve the amount (heat of the available energy of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System
e x,Q), there is important actual application value.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the temperature situation schematic diagram over time of different depth in the composite porous media layer of slag of the present invention and glass marble composition.
Fig. 3 is the contrast and experiment schematic diagram of the temperature situation over time of different depth in individual layer slag porous medium layer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is temperature blank's experimental result schematic diagram in time that the present invention does not add the different depth in any porous media situation.
detailed description of the invention:
below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, in Fig. 1: 1 fresh water aquifer, 2 salt gradient layers, 3 strong brine layers, 4 transparent porous dielectric layers, 5 dark porous medium layers, 6 heat-insulation layers, 7 hot salt brines extract pipeline, hot salt brine playback pipeline after 8 heat exchange, 9 heat exchangers, 10 cold fluid inlet pipelines, pipeline after 11 cold fluid heating.The position of the hot salt brine extraction pipeline 7 of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond of the present invention should be in the top of composite porous media layer, and after heat exchange, the position of hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 should be in dark porous medium layer.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 of the present invention compare adopt slag and glass marble composition composite porous media with adopt individual layer slag and under not adopting porous media situation to the effect improving reservoir mean temperature, also comprise thermal source stopping heat supply after the time dependent experimental result schematic diagram of temperature.Experimentation is as follows: adopt experiment electric furnace to treat xylometer and heat 10 minutes identical time with firm power, then heating is stopped, until measuring point temperature is down to close to room temperature in container, adopt the temperature data of different measuring points in temperature sensor and the whole experimentation of recorder record, wherein:
Fig. 2 is reservoir is add the thick composite porous media layer of 6 cm in the saturated strong brine that 15 cm are thick, and wherein dark porous medium layer 5 is the slag that 2 cm are thick, and transparent porous dielectric layer 4 is the glass marble that 4 cm are thick;
Fig. 3 only adds the thick slag of individual layer 2 cm bottom reservoir, and other parameters are identical with Fig. 2 experimental conditions;
Fig. 4 is the salt solution blank assay situation of not adding any porous media, and except whether reservoir adds composite porous media layer, other parameters of three experiments are all identical.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 all provide the external heat flow of formed objects from room temperature in bottom, through after a period of time, stop outside heat supply simultaneously, identical to ensure the heat that three absorbs.Figure below provides reservoir different depth temperature situation over time under three kinds of experimental conditions respectively, in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
hrepresent the distance bottom measuring point for the temperature distance experiment container.
From experimental result, choose reasonable and collocation porous media material, under other identical conditions, composite porous media layer salt gradient solar pond can obtain higher reservoir mean temperature.The material of porous media material, especially slag self porous this itself has the low feature of thermal diffusion speed, so still can keep a lower thermal diffusion speed at night.
In employing composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, while obtaining higher average reservoir temperature, also reservoir and the salt gradient layer on it is caused to produce larger thermograde, so, when adopting composite porous media layer salt gradient solar pond, for preventing larger thermograde from causing salt gradient layer stability to be destroyed, at this moment, we can increase the way of reservoir thickness, reduce the temperature difference of reservoir and salt gradient layer.In fact, in salt gradient solar pond reservoir, this impact has been weakened severely, this is because the solar pond of practical application exists heat extraction, reservoir heat is constantly taken out of reservoir, is unlikely to be formed the thermograde causing salt gradient layer to destroy.
The salt gradient of composite porous media layer described in patent of the present invention solar pond, refers in the situation of salt gradient solar pond reservoir interpolation more than a kind of porous dielectric material layer, but is not limited to two kinds of different porous media materials.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, the step that a kind of composite porous media layer salt gradient solar pond is set up is described:
1, lay the dark porous medium layer 5 of 5-20cm in bottom level of the present invention, the material of this dark porous medium layer 5 can be slag or dark cobblestone or dark vermiculite;
2, on dark porous medium layer 5, level lays transparent porous dielectric layer 4, and the material of this transparent porous dielectric layer 4 can be glassware or other materials that transmissivity is larger;
3, ensure that above-mentioned composite porous media layer gross thickness is not more than 1/2 of reservoir gross thickness, if such as reservoir gross thickness 1 m, then the gross thickness of composite porous media layer that above-mentioned 1,2 steps are laid is not more than 0.5 m;
4, in composite porous media layer, strong brine is poured into, till the degree of depth reaching predetermined reservoir 3;
5, adopt diffuser successively to pour into salt gradient layer 2, this layer of salt gradient layer 2 is successively decreased from top to bottom successively, such as, if salt gradient layer gross thickness is
hm, the saturated strong brine salinity of reservoir is
s 0, gradient layer is equally divided into
nlayer perfusion, then every layer thickness
h/nm, then
ilayer brine strength is
s 0-[
s 0/ (
n+ 1)] ×
i;
6, finally pour into surperficial fresh water aquifer 1, the thickness of surperficial fresh water aquifer 1, generally between 10-50cm, takes liquid dispensers to pour into, to ensure to form even salt gradient layer;
7, when composite porous media layer of the present invention carries out heat extraction, hot salt brine extracts pipeline 7 should be placed in composite porous media layer top, and after the heat exchange after heat exchanger 9 heat exchange, hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 should be placed in the latter half of composite porous media layer.
A kind of structure of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond: as shown in Figure 1, this complex salt gradient solar pond is from top to bottom by fresh water aquifer 1, salt gradient layer 2, strong brine layer 3 and transparent porous dielectric layer 4 and dark porous medium layer 5 are formed, and wherein reservoir is upwards made up of the strong brine 3 on the heat-insulation layer 6 be positioned on soil horizon at the bottom of pond, dark porous medium layer 5, transparent porous dielectric layer 4 and top from bottom; Wherein, transparent porous dielectric layer 4 and dark porous medium layer 5 form composite porous media layer; Composite porous media layer and on strong brine layer 3 together constitute reservoir; Heat exchanging part, for external heat-exchanging, extract pipeline 7 by the hot salt brine being positioned at composite porous media layer top, be positioned at bottom composite porous media layer heat exchange after hot salt brine playback pipeline 8, heat exchanger 9, cold fluid inlet pipeline 10, after cold fluid heating, pipeline 11 forms.Wherein, hot salt brine extracts pipeline 7 hot water inlet and is connected with the composite porous media layer top of salt gradient solar pond reservoir, exports and be connected with the hot fluid import of heat exchanger 9; The hot salt brine entrance of hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 is connected with the hot fluid outlet ports of heat exchanger 9, export and be connected with bottom the composite porous media layer of salt gradient solar pond reservoir; Cold fluid inlet pipeline 10 is connected with external heat exchanger cold fluid inlet; After cold fluid heating, pipeline 11 is connected with heat exchanger 9 cold fluid outlet.
embodiment 1:
If one, somewhere, Dalian area is 100 m
2left and right salt gradient solar pond, the traditional salt gradient solar pond that this solar pond adopts the conventional mode of not adding porous media to pour into, total depth is about 1.5m.This solar pond reservoir is saturated strong brine in the salt-making process of salt pan, thickness 0.8m, and salt gradient layer thickness is 0.6m, surperficial fresh water aquifer thickness 0.1m.Start perfusion in spring to run, through about 6 months, measure reservoir maximum temperature 60 to autumn
oabout C, assumptions' environment temperature 25
oc, the available energy (heat that reservoir stores
e xQ) be 143kJ/kg, and if to the method for this salt gradient solar pond employing as described in patent of the present invention, take the mode of the thick clear glass of the thick slag of 10cm+20cm, reservoir temperature can reach 72
oc, the available energy (heat of now reservoir storage
e xQ) be 178kJ/kg.This illustrates, the composite porous media salt gradient solar pond technology that patent of the present invention proposes effectively can improve salt gradient solar pond reservoir temperature, namely improves the temperature of thermal source, expands the hot range of application of salt gradient solar pond.
Claims (5)
1. a composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, be included in the heat exchanger (9) of solar pond outer setting, the hot fluid import of heat exchanger (9) is provided with hot salt brine and extracts pipeline (7), the hot fluid outlet ports of heat exchanger (9) is provided with hot salt brine playback pipeline (8) after heat exchange, the cold fluid inlet of heat exchanger (9) is connected with cold fluid inlet pipeline (10), the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger (9) connects the rear pipeline (11) of cold fluid heating, it is characterized in that: the outer bottom of solar pond has heat-insulation layer (6), dark porous medium layer (5) has been horizontally disposed with at the inner bottom part of solar pond, the upper horizontal of dark porous medium layer (5) is provided with transparent porous dielectric layer (4), be provided with strong brine in the interstitial space of this transparent porous dielectric layer (4) and described dark porous medium layer (5) and constitute composite porous media layer, the strong brine layer (3) that composite porous media layer and top are arranged constitutes reservoir, reservoir and the salt gradient layer (2) set gradually and fresh water aquifer (1) constitute composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, described hot salt brine extracts the top that pipeline (7) is positioned at composite porous media layer, after heat exchange, the position of hot salt brine playback pipeline (8) is in dark porous medium layer (5), and the solid material density of dark porous medium layer (5) is greater than the strong brine density that interstitial space is full of.
2. a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the solid material density of transparent porous dielectric layer (4) is greater than the strong brine density that interstitial space is full of, and the particle diameter of the transparent porous medium of particle is not less than the material particle size of the dark porous medium layer (5) of lower floor.
3. a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to any one of claim 1-2, is characterized in that: composite porous media layer is formed for adding at least one porous media material.
4. a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the material of described dark porous medium layer (5) is slag or dark cobblestone or dark vermiculite.
5. a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the material of described transparent porous dielectric layer (4) is the glassware that transmissivity is larger.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103256728A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-21 | 山西大学 | Fast heating device of solar pond |
| CN105588345A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-18 | 河南理工大学 | Salt gradient solar pond technology for accumulating heat by using latent heat |
| CN104464480B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-09-07 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of experimental technique of analog solar heating salt gradient solar pond |
| CN104819587A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 戚荣生 | Heat energy warehouse |
| CN105841365A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 李宏江 | Solar pond hot-air heat exchange device and grain drier |
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| US4249518A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-02-10 | Holt Rush D | Method for maintaining a correct density gradient in a non-convecting solar pond |
| CN2550697Y (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-05-14 | 成都希望电子研究所 | Solar energy heat storage water source heat pump device |
| CN101398227A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2009-04-01 | 曹金龙 | High-efficiency heat utilization method for nonsaturated solar pond |
| CN202361663U (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南兴业太阳能科技有限公司 | Density contrast solar heat storage water tank |
| CN203148064U (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-08-21 | 河南理工大学 | Composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63223456A (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1988-09-16 | Toshiba Corp | Solar pond |
| WO2002073099A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-19 | Mikio Kinoshita | Solar thermal system with solar pond and method of maintaining solar pond |
| EP1794509A1 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2007-06-13 | Sovani Meksvanh | Solar augmented geothermal energy |
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2013
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4249518A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-02-10 | Holt Rush D | Method for maintaining a correct density gradient in a non-convecting solar pond |
| CN2550697Y (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-05-14 | 成都希望电子研究所 | Solar energy heat storage water source heat pump device |
| CN101398227A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2009-04-01 | 曹金龙 | High-efficiency heat utilization method for nonsaturated solar pond |
| CN202361663U (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南兴业太阳能科技有限公司 | Density contrast solar heat storage water tank |
| CN203148064U (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-08-21 | 河南理工大学 | Composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond |
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