CN103071404A - Composite reverse osmosis membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite reverse osmosis membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103071404A
CN103071404A CN2013100318236A CN201310031823A CN103071404A CN 103071404 A CN103071404 A CN 103071404A CN 2013100318236 A CN2013100318236 A CN 2013100318236A CN 201310031823 A CN201310031823 A CN 201310031823A CN 103071404 A CN103071404 A CN 103071404A
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osmosis membrane
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赵宁
张小莉
徐坚
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a composite reverse osmosis membrane and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of (1) dissolving polysulfone and polyethylene sulfone in a solvent to obtain a casting membrane liquid, (2) pouring the casting membrane liquid onto non-woven fabric, placing in a coagulating bath for gel membrane forming to obtain a support membrane, and obtaining a support body formed by the non-woven fabric and the support membrane, and (3) steeping the support body in a solution a and a solution b respectively, obtaining a polyamide layer on the support body and obtaining the composite reverse osmosis membrane. Compared with the prior art, a little PPSU (polyphenylsulphone) having better compatibility with a main body material is added to the main body material polysulfone (or polyethersulfone) of the support layer, the original membrane forming condition is changed, a microporous structure and surface pore size distribution of the support body can be regulated, and a macromolecular alloy ultrafiltration membrane with uniform pore size distribution and a complete spongy pore structure can be obtained. The prepared alloying support body can further conduct interfacial polymerization reaction to form the composite reverse osmosis membrane with uniform and stable properties and no defect.

Description

A kind of complex reverse osmosis membrane and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of complex reverse osmosis membrane and preparation method thereof, belong to the membrane for water treatment separation technology field.
Background technology
Early stage reverse osmosis membrane be the modification cellulose acetate in the film preparation of porous material direct casting, the permeable amount of resulting reverse osmosis membrane and salt rejection rate are all lower.Complex reverse osmosis membrane is since Commercialization application, because the advantage such as its permeable amount is high, the salt transmitance is low, energy consumption is low has become the reverse osmosis membrane kind that is most widely used.Existing complex reverse osmosis membrane, its general preparation method be at first on polyester non-woven fabric blade coating one deck macromolecular material form perforated membrane as supporter, and then utilize interface polymerization reaction to form the polyamide surface layer (such as US5160619, US4277344, JP63004803) with desalination function.Existing complex reverse osmosis membrane, although had higher permeable amount and salt rejection rate, but because porous supporting body uses homogenous material (being generally PSf), the adjusting of its microcellular structure generally realizes by regulating solvent and non-solvent, may need to use expensive solvent in the preparation process, increase cost.And porous support layer and nonwoven layer bond strength are difficult to improve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of complex reverse osmosis membrane and preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of a kind of complex reverse osmosis membrane provided by the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) polysulfones and PPSU are dissolved into obtain casting solution in the solvent;
(2) described casting solution is cast on the nonwoven, then places coagulating bath to carry out the gel film forming film that is supported, namely obtain the supporter that is formed by described nonwoven and described support membrane;
(3) described supporter is immersed in respectively among solution a and the solution b, obtains aramid layer at described supporter, namely obtain described complex reverse osmosis membrane;
The solute of described solution a is aromatic amine and/or fatty amine, and solvent is water;
The solute of described solution b is aroyl chloride and/or fat acyl chloride, and solvent is organic solvent.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, described polysulfones (PSf) can be polyether sulfone (PES) or polyarylsulfone (PAS), and the number-average molecular weight of described polysulfones can be 80,000 ~ 90,000, such as 89000; The number-average molecular weight of described PPSU can be 70,000 ~ 80,000, specifically can be 75000.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in the described casting solution, the total quality percentage composition of described polysulfones and described PPSU can be 14 ~ 22%, specifically can be 16 ~ 20%, 17% or 18%;
Described PPSU accounts for 0 ~ 40% of described polysulfones and described PPSU gross mass, but the amount of described PPSU is non-vanishing, specifically can be 0.05 ~ 10%, 2.78% or 2.94%.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in the step (1), described solvent can be in DMF (DMF), dimethylacetylamide (DMAc), 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO) at least a.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in the step (1), described method also comprises the step of described casting solution being carried out deaeration.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in the step (2), described coagulating bath can be in water, alcoholic compound, ether compound and the ketonic compound at least a;
Described alcoholic compound specifically can be methyl alcohol or ethanol; Described ether compound specifically can be EGME or glycol dimethyl ether; Described ketonic compound specifically can be butanone.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in the step (3), the time that described supporter is immersed among the described solution a can be 5 ~ 20 seconds, such as 10 seconds;
The time that described supporter is immersed among the described solution b can be 2 ~ 10 seconds, such as 6 seconds.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in the step (3), described aromatic amine can be p-phenylenediamine (PPD), m-phenylene diamine (MPD), equal benzene triamines, 3, at least a during 5-diaminobenzoic acid and 1,2,4-triamine are basic; Described fatty amine can be ethylenediamine, propane diamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, three (2-aminoethyl) amine, diethylenetriamine, N-(2-ethoxy) ethylenediamine, hexamethylene diamine, 1,3-diamines basic ring hexane, 1,2-diamines basic ring hexane, 1,4-DACH, piperazine, 1, at least a in the two piperidyl propane of 3-and the 4-amino methyl piperazine;
Described aroyl chloride can be at least a in phthalyl chloride, m-phthaloyl chloride, o-phthaloyl chloride, biphenyl dimethyl chloride, benzene-disulfo-chloride and the pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride; Described fat acyl chloride can be at least a in fourth three acyl chlorides, succinyl chloride, penta 3 acyl chlorides, glutaryl chlorine, oneself three acyl chlorides, Adipoyl Chloride, sebacoyl chloride, the last of the ten Heavenly stems three acyl chlorides, cyclopropane three acyl chlorides, cyclobutane diacid chloride, cyclobutane four acyl chlorides, pentamethylene diacid chloride, pentamethylene three acyl chlorides, pentamethylene four acyl chlorides, cyclohexane diacid chloride, cyclohexane three acyl chlorides, cyclohexane four acyl chlorides, oxolane diacid chloride and oxolane four acyl chlorides;
Described organic solvent can be one or more in aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloalphatic hydrocarbon and the aromatic hydrocarbon that contains 4~12 carbon atoms, such as cyclohexane.
Among the described solution a, the quality percentage composition of described aromatic amine and/or fatty amine is 1~6%, specifically can be 4.0% or 4.2%, among the described solution b, the quality percentage composition of described aroyl chloride and/or fat acyl chloride is 0.05~0.5%, specifically can be 0.105% or 0.12%.
The present invention also provides the complex reverse osmosis membrane that is prepared by said method;
Described complex reverse osmosis membrane is superposeed successively by described nonwoven, described support membrane and described aramid layer and forms, and the thickness of wherein said support membrane is 25 ~ 100 μ m, and such as 50m or 60 μ m, the thickness of described aramid layer is 30 ~ 300nm, such as 100 ~ 200nm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by adding a small amount of and the better PPSU of its compatibility in the material of main part polysulfones (or polyether sulfone) of supporting layer, changed original membrance casting condition, can regulate microcellular structure and the surface apertures distribution of supporter, obtain even aperture distribution, the high polymer alloy milipore filter with complete spongiform pore structure.Prepared alloying supporter makes performance homogeneous, stable, flawless complex reverse osmosis membrane further by interface polymerization reaction.The permeable amount of prepared reverse osmosis membrane improves more than 10%, and it is about 13% that the salt transmitance reduces, and the enhancing of the adhesion of supporting layer and nonwoven layer is more than 50%.Prior art promotes the overall performance of reverse osmosis membrane will further widen its range of application.
Description of drawings
The high polymer alloy supporting body surface electron scanning micrograph of Fig. 1, embodiment 1 preparation.
Complex reverse osmosis membrane surface and the profile scanning electron micrograph (being respectively left figure and right figure) of Fig. 2, embodiment 2 preparations.
The complex reverse osmosis membrane supporting layer of Fig. 3, embodiment 2 preparations and the peeling force distribution map of nonwoven layer.
Fig. 4 is the supporting layer of the reverse osmosis membrane of existing method preparation and the peeling force distribution map of nonwoven layer.
The specific embodiment
Employed experimental technique is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
The complex reverse osmosis membrane of embodiment 1, preparation pbz polymer alloy supporter
(1) preparation of casting solution: 1g PPSU PPSU(number-average molecular weight 75000), 35g polysulfones PSf(number-average molecular weight 89000), add respectively among the 164gDMF, added thermal agitation 5 hours, temperature is controlled to be 70 ± 5 ℃, obtains limpid clear solution.With solution be put in 40 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens standing and defoaming 18 hours casting solution, for subsequent use, wherein, total quality percentage composition of PPSU and polysulfones is 18%, PPSU account for polysulfones and PPSU gross mass 2.78%.
(2) high polymer alloy supporter preparation: on the nonwoven of casting solution with the scraper blade coating, take water as coagulating bath, behind complete gel, changed in 60 ℃ of hot baths annealing in process over to 5 minutes, obtain the high polymer alloy supporting layer, thickness is 60 μ m, namely obtains the high polymer alloy supporter that is comprised of nonwoven and supporting layer, and its surface scan electron micrograph as shown in Figure 1.
(3) preparation of aqueous phase solution: stirring and dissolving (wherein, the quality percentage composition of m-phenylene diamine (MPD) is 4.0%) is for subsequent use in the 40g m-phenylene diamine (MPD) adding 960g water.
(4) preparation of oil-phase solution: the 0.8g pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride adds in the 760g cyclohexane, and stirring and dissolving (wherein, the quality percentage composition of pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride is 0.105%) is for subsequent use.
(5) preparation of complex reverse osmosis membrane: support film surface was immersed in the aqueous phase solution 10 seconds, taken out and dry up the film surface with gases at high pressure; Again it was immersed in oil-phase solution 6 seconds, and took out in the fume hood and dry, immersed again in 5% glycerine water solution 2 minutes, then be put in the 100 degree baking ovens air blast oven dry 10 minutes, obtain aramid layer at supporter, thickness is between 100 ~ 200nm, namely gets complex reverse osmosis membrane.
Embodiment 2, with the complex reverse osmosis membrane of self-control pilot plant unit continuous production pbz polymer alloy supporter
(1) preparation of casting solution: 5g PPSU PPSU(number-average molecular weight 75000), 165g polysulfones PSf(number-average molecular weight 89000), add respectively among the 830gDMF, added thermal agitation 5 hours, temperature is controlled to be 70 ± 5 ℃, obtains limpid clear solution.With solution be put in 35 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens standing and defoaming 18 hours casting solution, for subsequent use, wherein, total quality percentage composition of PPSU and polysulfones is 17%, PPSU account for polysulfones and PPSU gross mass 2.94%.
(2) continuous production of high polymer alloy supporter:
The major parameter of casting film equipment arranges as follows: 8 ± 2 ℃ of coagulation bath temperatures, 65 ± 5 ℃ of water tank temperatures, 5 m/mins of the equipment speeds of service.The thickness of gained high polymer alloy supporting layer is 50 microns.
(3) preparation of aqueous phase solution: 400g m-phenylene diamine (MPD), 90g additive, add respectively stirring and dissolving in the 9000g water (wherein, the quality percentage composition of m-phenylene diamine (MPD) is 4.2%), for subsequent use.
(4) preparation of oil-phase solution: the 8.5g pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride adds in the 7000g cyclohexane, and stirring and dissolving (wherein, the quality percentage composition of pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride is 0.12%) is for subsequent use.
(5) continuous production of complex reverse osmosis membrane: water, oil-phase solution are added respectively in the respective reaction groove, the coating apparatus major parameter arranges as follows: 3 m/mins of the speeds of service, hot-air oven temperature 100 degree, the blower fan speed ratio factor 20, moisturizing water tank glycerol concentration is 5%, obtain the aramid layer that thickness is 100 ~ 200nm, namely obtain complex reverse osmosis membrane.
Prepare altogether 3 reverse osmosis membranes according to above-mentioned method, its thickness is as shown in table 1.
Surface and the profile scanning electron micrograph of the complex reverse osmosis membrane of this embodiment preparation (are respectively left figure and right figure) as shown in Figure 2.
The supporting layer of the complex reverse osmosis membrane of this embodiment preparation and the peeling force distribution map of nonwoven layer be (parallel testing 10 samples) as shown in Figure 3, the single polysulfones supporter of the reverse osmosis membrane of existing method preparation and the peeling force distribution map of nonwoven layer be (parallel testing 10 samples) as shown in Figure 4, can be learnt by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the average peeling force of complex reverse osmosis membrane of alloy supporter preparation is brought up to 1.2N by 0.8N, and namely the adhesion of supporting layer and nonwoven layer strengthens 50%.
Wherein, the reverse osmosis membrane that is used for the single polysulfones of contrast is according to the step preparation of embodiment 2, difference is: in the step (1), only add polysulfones in the casting solution, all the other steps are all identical with process conditions, prepare altogether 20 meters reverse osmosis membranes, and get respectively three diaphragms, be labeled as diaphragm 1, diaphragm 2 and diaphragm 3, its thickness is as shown in table 1.
The permeance property of the reverse osmosis membrane of the single polysulfones of the reverse osmosis membrane of embodiment 2 preparations and the preparation of existing method is as shown in table 1.
Table 1, high polymer alloy supporter reverse osmosis composite membrane and common polysulfones support the complex reverse osmosis membrane parameter comparison
Figure BDA00002786312900051
In the table 1, the method for testing of water flux and salt rejection rate is: the self-control monitor station, the concentration of strong brine be the 2000mg/L(electricity lead be 4000us/cm), the monitor station operating pressure is 1.55MPa, probe temperature is 25 ℃.The open detection platform, operation began to measure (be about to the product water collection that every sample makes, collected altogether 10 minutes) after 30 minutes under test pressure, record the milliliter number of the product water that every diaphragm collects, and measure its electricity with conductivity gauge and lead (unit: us/cm).Carrying out at last data processes, by self-programmed software, milliliter number, the effective area of diaphragm, acquisition time according to product water calculate water flux (unit: gfd, i.e. (gallon/square feet day)), the salt rejection rate computational methods are: 1-(product water power leads/the strong brine electricity leads) * 100%.
Can be found out that by the data in the table 1 the permeable amount of prepared high polymer alloy supporter reverse osmosis membrane improves more than 10%, the salt transmitance reduces about 13%.

Claims (10)

1. the preparation method of a complex reverse osmosis membrane comprises the steps:
(1) polysulfones and PPSU are dissolved into obtain casting solution in the solvent;
(2) described casting solution is cast on the nonwoven, then places coagulating bath to carry out the gel film forming film that is supported, namely obtain the supporter that is formed by described nonwoven and described support membrane;
(3) described supporter is immersed in respectively among solution a and the solution b, obtains aramid layer at described supporter, namely obtain described complex reverse osmosis membrane;
The solute of described solution a is aromatic amine and/or fatty amine, and solvent is water;
The solute of described solution b is aroyl chloride and/or fat acyl chloride, and solvent is organic solvent.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described polysulfones is polyether sulfone or polyarylsulfone (PAS).
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the described casting solution, total quality percentage composition of described polysulfones and described PPSU is 14 ~ 22%;
Described PPSU account for described polysulfones and described PPSU gross mass 0 ~ 40%, but the amount of described PPSU is non-vanishing.
4. each described preparation method according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that: in the step (1), described solvent is at least a in DMF, dimethylacetylamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
5. each described preparation method according to claim 1-4 is characterized in that: in the step (1), described method also comprises the step of described casting solution being carried out deaeration.
6. each described preparation method according to claim 1-5 is characterized in that: in the step (2), described coagulating bath is at least a in water, alcoholic compound, ether compound and the ketonic compound.
7. each described preparation method according to claim 1-6 is characterized in that: in the step (3), the time that described supporter is immersed among the described solution a is 5 ~ 20 seconds; And/or;
The time that described supporter is immersed among the described solution b is 2 ~ 10 seconds.
8. each described preparation method according to claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: in the step (3), described aromatic amine is p-phenylenediamine (PPD), m-phenylene diamine (MPD), equal benzene triamine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and 1,2, at least a during the 4-triamine is basic, described fatty amine is ethylenediamine, propane diamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, three (2-aminoethyl) amine, diethylenetriamine, N-(2-ethoxy) ethylenediamine, hexamethylene diamine, 1,3-diamines basic ring hexane, 1,2-diamines basic ring hexane, 1, the 4-DACH, piperazine, at least a in the two piperidyl propane of 1,3-and the 4-amino methyl piperazine;
Described aroyl chloride is phthalyl chloride, m-phthaloyl chloride, o-phthaloyl chloride, the biphenyl dimethyl chloride, at least a in benzene-disulfo-chloride and the pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride, described fat acyl chloride is fourth three acyl chlorides, succinyl chloride, penta 3 acyl chlorides, glutaryl chlorine, oneself three acyl chlorides, Adipoyl Chloride, sebacoyl chloride, the last of the ten Heavenly stems three acyl chlorides, cyclopropane three acyl chlorides, the cyclobutane diacid chloride, cyclobutane four acyl chlorides, the pentamethylene diacid chloride, pentamethylene three acyl chlorides, pentamethylene four acyl chlorides, the cyclohexane diacid chloride, cyclohexane three acyl chlorides, cyclohexane four acyl chlorides, at least a in oxolane diacid chloride and oxolane four acyl chlorides;
Described organic solvent is one or more in aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloalphatic hydrocarbon and the aromatic hydrocarbon that contains 4~12 carbon atoms.
9. the complex reverse osmosis membrane that each described method prepares among the claim 1-8; Described complex reverse osmosis membrane is superposeed successively by described nonwoven, described support membrane and described aramid layer and forms.
10. complex reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described support membrane is 25 ~ 100 μ m;
The thickness of described aramid layer is 30 ~ 300nm.
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CN111359456A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-07-03 北京化工大学 Linear-crosslinked multi-component copolymerized polyamide reverse osmosis membrane for seawater desalination and preparation method thereof

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