CN103017690A - Method for measuring straightness of super-long guide rail - Google Patents
Method for measuring straightness of super-long guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN103017690A CN103017690A CN2012104879235A CN201210487923A CN103017690A CN 103017690 A CN103017690 A CN 103017690A CN 2012104879235 A CN2012104879235 A CN 2012104879235A CN 201210487923 A CN201210487923 A CN 201210487923A CN 103017690 A CN103017690 A CN 103017690A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the straightness of a guide rail and particularly relates to a method for measuring the straightness of a super-long guide rail, which aims to solve the problems that the conventional measuring method is low in measurement precision and has large errors, and the data processing and operation are complex. According to the method, a plurality of data points on the super-long guide rail are measured and acquired through a laser tracker, the data points are subjected to spatial straight line fitting, and data information of the acquired N tested sampling points is subjected to straightness calculation by a least square fitting algorithm, thereby obtaining the straightness of the guide rail. The method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of easiness and convenience in data analysis and experimental operation, short testing time, simplicity data processing, low testing cost and high testing efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of especially method of super-long guiding rail linearity of guide rail of measuring.
Background technology
Along with the development of industrial technology, overlength degree guide rail just more and more is employed in a plurality of fields, such as machine tool, conveyer, railroad track etc.And the linearity most important technical indicator that is guide rail, the height direct relation of its precision accuracy, the reliability and stability of equipment.
At present, the method for test guide rail linearity is a lot, and three kinds of methods are generally arranged, and is respectively level measurement method, autocollimator mensuration and laser interferometer measurement method.
The level measurement method is a kind of traditional straight line degree measurement means, and it is simple to operate, easy to use, cost is lower.But its measuring accuracy is lower, generally can only reach 20 μ m/m.Use the level meter mensuration, need graphical method to find the solution the guide rail linearity error, data acquisition and analysis are easy to make mistakes, and the method needs manually to gather some fixed sample point coordinate on the guide rail, and therefore the measurement for the super-long guiding rail linearity implements very difficult.
The precision relative level instrument mensuration of autocollimator mensuration increases, and is generally 5 μ m/ m, but also is difficult to satisfy the test request of high precision guide rail linearity.In addition, because test light is not absolute collimation in air, measurement range is larger, and its deviation is just larger, and therefore for the measurement of super-long guiding rail, its measuring error is just very large.
Laser interferometer measurement method measuring distance is large, measuring accuracy is higher, and measuring accuracy generally can arrive 0.4 μ m/m.But the measurement for super-long guiding rail, because light path is long, the series of factors such as air turbulence, vibration will have a huge impact measurement, and the processing of the data of the method and computing etc. are relatively more complicated, therefore are difficult to the high-precision measurement of finishing the super-long guiding rail linearity.
Summary of the invention
Existing measuring method measuring accuracy is low, error is large in order to solve in the present invention, and has the problem of data processing and computing more complicated, and a kind of method of measuring the super-long guiding rail linearity is provided.
A kind of method of measuring the super-long guiding rail linearity, the method is realized by following steps:
Step 1, at N test sample point of super-long guiding rail planning, the spacing of a described N test sample point is equal, described N is positive integer;
Step 3, adjust laser tracker, make light beam return laser light tracker behind spherical fixed reflector of laser tracker outgoing, described laser tracker obtains the data message of first test sample point;
Step 4, moving guide rail slide are to next test sample point, and laser tracker gathers the data message of each test sample point successively; Realization is to the data acquisition of N test sample point;
Step 5, employing least square fitting algorithm carry out linearity calculating to the data message of N test sample point of step 4 collection, obtain the linearity of super-long guiding rail.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention can realize the measurement to the super-long guiding rail linearity accurately by expanding the existing capability of laser interferometer; Method data analysis of the present invention and experimental implementation is easy, the test duration is short, data process simple, testing cost is low and testing efficiency is very high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation that installs in the super-long guiding rail linearity method of measuring of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of process flow diagram of measuring super-long guiding rail linearity method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of design sketch of measuring super-long guiding rail linearity method of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1, laser tracker, 2, super-long guiding rail, 3, spherical fixed reflector, 4, the reverberator pedestal, 5, the guide rail slide.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 present embodiment is described, a kind of measurement super-long guiding rail linearity method, wherein, the device that relates to of the method mainly comprises laser tracker 1, super-long guiding rail 2, spherical fixed reflector 3, reverberator pedestal 4 and guide rail slide 5; The detailed process of the method is:
One, planning test point; According to uniformly-spaced, at the some test sample points of super-long guiding rail 2 planning;
Two, regulate light path; Reverberator pedestal 4(is magnetic) be adsorbed on the guide rail slide 5, spherical fixed reflector 3 is adsorbed on the reverberator pedestal 4, owing to be magnetic absorption, connection between the three is very steady, connect complete after, regulate light path, make laser tracker 1 aim at first test point, because guide rail slide 5 is parallel with the super-long guiding rail face, therefore, the fluctuating of measuring the point on the diverse location guide rail slide face just reflects the linearity of guide rail.
Three, test point is measured; Aim at first test point of test with laser tracker 1, record and collect the locus coordinate (X of first test point
1, Y
1, Z
1), uniformly-spaced adjust moving guide rail slide 5 by cnc mechanism, laser tracker 1 will be followed the tracks of spherical fixed reflector 3 always, thereby can measure and collect the locus coordinate (X of other test point
2, Y
2, Z
2), (X
3, Y
3, Z
3) ... (X
N, Y
N, Z
N) (supposing total N test point).
Four, data judging; Whether accurately and reliably decision data if the measurement data bad point is more, then readjusts light path, and test point is measured and data acquisition again; Such as data accurately and reliably, then carrying out linearity calculates.Wherein, described bad data points specifically refers to, setting threshold, because the own precision of threshold value and measured super-long guiding rail 2 is relevant, for the measurement of high precision super-long guiding rail, threshold value is generally 10 μ m, for in the measurement of low precision super-long guiding rail, threshold value is generally 50 μ m.
Five, linearity calculates; N test point is a plurality of discrete points on the space line, these points are carried out least square fitting can obtain a space line, in conjunction with Fig. 3, this is a straight line that contains the smallest circle cylinder of actual line, the diameter value D of cylinder is the linearity of space line, be the linearity of guide rail, this is that guide rail is along the comprehensive linearity of both direction.
Six, linearity separates; The discrete data point that measures is projected to respectively on two basal planes of guide rail in conjunction with among Fig. 1, can select guide rail slide 5 surfaces (basal plane 1) and another plane orthogonal with it (basal plane 2), on two basal planes, can obtain the series of discrete point, respectively these discrete points are being carried out fitting a straight line on the basal plane separately, can obtain the linearity of two straight lines, be guide rail respectively along the linearity on the both direction.
The described laser tracker 1 of present embodiment is a kind of high precision, jumbo Portable three-dimensional coordinate measurment instrument, and laser tracker 1 is launched laser beam, and light beam is got back to laser tracker 1 through spherical fixed reflector 3.By two rotary angle encoders of horizontal and vertical and the Range Measurement System based on laser, laser tracker 1 can be determined the position of spherical fixed reflector 3 targets.Spherical fixed reflector 3(SMR) be the target of laser tracker 1, described spherical fixed reflector 3 comprises three orthogonal, as to navigate to SMR central point catoptrons.The real-time tracking of laser tracker 1, the position of location SMR, all are driven into the light beam of SMR and the mode of incident light parallel offset is returned.Laser tracker 1 interior position transducer detect reflection light beam the position and drive servo motor and make tracker aim at all the time the center of SMR.This closed-loop system per second upgrades 1000 times, and so that follower head is followed the tracks of target moves.Logical two the high-precision rotary angle encoders of laser tracker 1 are measured level angles and vertical corner, level or azimuth angular encoders be positioned at the bottom of column type laser tracker, its resolution is 0.02 arcsecond (5.5 * 10
-6Degree).Vertical or zenith axis scrambler is positioned the vertical top (follower head is inner) of the follower head of laser tracker 1, and has identical resolution.The angle position of the measurement target of the same part of location sensitive detector (PSD).Laser tracker 1 is gone out by the motor pattern transmission of information after angular encoder and PSD obtain information.This pattern comprises two rotations and parameters two translations, and this can eliminate the systematic error of laser tracker 1.
The described laser tracker 1 of present embodiment generally is used for measuring the relative position relation between the object, but can widen its function, realizes the measurement to the super-long guiding rail linearity.Owing to use laser technology, its measurement range can reach 230 feet (70 meters), the limits of error of the high precision option-interferometer (IFM) of laser tracker 1 are 2 μ m+L0.4 μ m/m, and wherein L is the distance between laser tracker and the super-long guiding rail.Therefore, the length that present embodiment utilizes laser tracker 1 to measure super-long guiding rail 2 can reach 70m, and accuracy of detection is 0.4 μ m/m.
Claims (2)
1. method of measuring the super-long guiding rail linearity is characterized in that the method is realized by following steps:
Step 1, at N test sample point of super-long guiding rail (2) planning, the spacing of a described N test sample point is equal, described N is positive integer;
Step 2, spherical fixed reflector (3) is adsorbed on the reverberator pedestal (4), reverberator pedestal (4) is adsorbed on the guide rail slide (5), and described guide rail slide (5) is placed on first test sample point place of the described super-long guiding rail of step 1 along the length direction of super-long guiding rail;
Step 3, adjust laser tracker (1), make light beam return laser light tracker (1) behind spherical fixed reflector (3) of laser tracker (1) outgoing, described laser tracker (1) obtains the data message of first test sample point;
Step 4, moving guide rail slide (5) are to next test sample point, and laser tracker (1) gathers the data message of each test sample point successively; Realization is to the data acquisition of N test sample point;
Step 5, employing least square fitting algorithm carry out linearity calculating to the data message of N test sample point of step 4 collection, obtain the linearity of super-long guiding rail (2).
2. a kind of method of measuring the super-long guiding rail linearity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before step 5, also comprise the process that the data message of N test sample point is judged, when the data message of the test sample point of measuring during greater than threshold value, then execution in step three, and the scope of described threshold value is 10 μ m to 50 μ m.
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Cited By (17)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103453856A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2013-12-18 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Measuring method for long-distance plane or long-distance guide rail |
| CN103673933A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-26 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Long rail straightness measuring device |
| CN103852035A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-06-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Mechanism for measuring straightness or coaxiality of slender rods and measurement method for realizing straightness or coaxiality of slender rod by using mechanism |
| CN104075656A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-10-01 | 广东工业大学 | Collimation deviation detection and elimination method for laser interferometer |
| CN104567749A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting linearity and perpendicularity of equipment |
| CN104748700A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-01 | 仲炳华 | Indoor door moving detector |
| CN106080658A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 同济大学 | A kind of medium-and low-speed maglev track irregularity detection method based on four sensors |
| CN107063136A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-08-18 | 盐城工学院 | Guide rail detection method and system |
| US9816796B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2017-11-14 | Wurtec, Incorporated | Guide rail straightness tester |
| CN108267305A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | For measuring the measuring device of the structural stability of carbon fiber bar, system and method |
| CN109489589A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-19 | 昌河飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of detection of Longmen machine tool guide rail parallelism and bearing calibration |
| CN110849298A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-28 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Installation detection and error analysis method for guide rail |
| CN112461170A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 廊坊精雕数控机床制造有限公司 | Digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of machine tool |
| CN113211192A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 成都大学 | Calibrating device for geometric error of machine tool and corner positioning error of rotary table |
| CN113772513A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-10 | 广州塞维拉电梯轨道系统有限公司 | Elevator guide rail detection method and system |
| CN114608486A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for detecting and adjusting parallelism of truss guide rail |
| CN114608447A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-06-10 | 深圳桥通物联科技有限公司 | High-efficient type elevator guide rail installation accuracy calibration equipment |
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| CN101329170A (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2008-12-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for dynamically measuring guide rail linearity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103453856A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2013-12-18 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Measuring method for long-distance plane or long-distance guide rail |
| CN103453856B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | A kind of measuring method growing distance plane or guide rail |
| CN104567749A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting linearity and perpendicularity of equipment |
| CN103673933A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-26 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Long rail straightness measuring device |
| CN103852035B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hollow thread thin bar linearity or the measuring mechanism of axiality and use this mechanism to realize the measuring method of linearity or axiality |
| CN103852035A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-06-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Mechanism for measuring straightness or coaxiality of slender rods and measurement method for realizing straightness or coaxiality of slender rod by using mechanism |
| CN104075656A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-10-01 | 广东工业大学 | Collimation deviation detection and elimination method for laser interferometer |
| US9816796B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2017-11-14 | Wurtec, Incorporated | Guide rail straightness tester |
| CN104748700B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-04-17 | 上海诚云建设工程质量检测有限公司 | Indoor sliding door detector |
| CN104748700A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-01 | 仲炳华 | Indoor door moving detector |
| CN106080658A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 同济大学 | A kind of medium-and low-speed maglev track irregularity detection method based on four sensors |
| CN106080658B (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-04-17 | 同济大学 | A kind of medium-and low-speed maglev track irregularity detection method based on four sensors |
| CN107063136A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-08-18 | 盐城工学院 | Guide rail detection method and system |
| CN108267305A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | For measuring the measuring device of the structural stability of carbon fiber bar, system and method |
| CN109489589A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-19 | 昌河飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of detection of Longmen machine tool guide rail parallelism and bearing calibration |
| CN112461170A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 廊坊精雕数控机床制造有限公司 | Digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of machine tool |
| CN110849298A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-28 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Installation detection and error analysis method for guide rail |
| CN110849298B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-25 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Installation detection and error analysis method for guide rail |
| CN113211192A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 成都大学 | Calibrating device for geometric error of machine tool and corner positioning error of rotary table |
| CN113772513A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-10 | 广州塞维拉电梯轨道系统有限公司 | Elevator guide rail detection method and system |
| CN114608486A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for detecting and adjusting parallelism of truss guide rail |
| CN114608486B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-09-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for detecting and adjusting parallelism of truss guide rail |
| CN114608447A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-06-10 | 深圳桥通物联科技有限公司 | High-efficient type elevator guide rail installation accuracy calibration equipment |
| CN114608447B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-07-12 | 深圳桥通物联科技有限公司 | High-efficient type elevator guide rail installation accuracy calibration equipment |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |