CN102974474A - Ultra centrifuge - Google Patents
Ultra centrifuge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102974474A CN102974474A CN201210452733XA CN201210452733A CN102974474A CN 102974474 A CN102974474 A CN 102974474A CN 201210452733X A CN201210452733X A CN 201210452733XA CN 201210452733 A CN201210452733 A CN 201210452733A CN 102974474 A CN102974474 A CN 102974474A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra centrifuge. The ultra centrifuge solves the two major problems of development of high-speed motors and development of high-speed vacuum sealing devices, air floatation and air floatation hybrid bearing technology is adopted in the design of the high-speed motors, and bearing stiffiness and bearing stability are enhanced greatly; a large interference shrink fit method is adopted in the design of protective sleeves, and completeness of rotors is protected effectively; the rotors are of a three-section structure; a stator core is of a relatively eclectic 12-groove structure, and a winding utilizes a ring-type winding; and the cooling method is a force-air cooling method, and reliable and stable operation of an ultra centrifuge driving device is guaranteed. High-speed vacuum sealing utilizes a magnetic drive vacuum dynamic sealing connection method, and non-contact transmission of motive power is achieved through magnetic transmission between an inner magnet rotor and an outer magnet rotor. The successful development of the ultra centrifuge changes the passive situation that out country completely relies on import in an ultra centrifuge market, and the ultra centrifuge has wide market prospects and great social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bio-pharmaceuticals, medical science and bioengineering equipment technical field, be specifically related to a kind of ultracentrifuge.
Background technology
Centrifuge Techniques is indispensable a kind of technology in molecular biology and the biochemical research, it is the centrifugal force field that the difference of the aspects such as sedimentation coefficient, buoyancy according to material utilizes the centrifuge High Rotation Speed to produce, make object do subsiding movement, thereby make the different densities in the material, the material of different molecular weight is separated, concentrated, purifying and precipitation.Basic centrifuge instrument is broadly divided into three kinds, and the generic centrifuge rotating speed is below 10000rpm, and the supercentrifuge rotating speed is at 10000 ~ 30000rpm, and the ultracentrifuge rotating speed generally can reach 60000 ~ 100000rpm more than 30000rpm.Ultracentrifuge relates to the high-speed bearing technology, ultrahigh speed frequency conversion control technique, the problems such as ultrahigh speed rotary head intensity and reliability because its rotating speed is high
From the eighties, domestic ultracentrifuge was carried out a large amount of developments, the ultracentrifuge that reaches 60000rpm from the earliest gear up is to the ultracentrifuge of each enterprise's development now, owing to be subjected to the restriction of the key technologies such as high-speed bearing and high-speed vacuum sealing, all exist heating, the defectives such as precision is low, service life is short, vacuum leak, the ultracentrifuge of domestic production is compared with same kind of products at abroad still and to be had larger gap.External ultracentrifuge motor bearing bearing adopts advanced hydrodynamic bearing, so the centrifuge maximum speed can reach more than the 100000rpm, the domestic because restriction of carft of construction so that hydrodynamic bearing to manufacture and design difficulty very big.
Vacuum dynamic seal generally is divided into contact sealing, noncontact sealing and software deformable seal, the software deformable seal mainly use with swing mechanism in, and rotating speed is very low; Contact is sealed in to be adopted under advanced material and the advanced technologies condition, and rotating speed reaches as high as 40000rpm, and speed is high more just heavy wear will to occur, produces amount of heat, causes transmission efficiency low, and system works is unstable, reduction of service life;
Magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal jockey is owing to have without friction, and the advantage of zero leakage has wide application prospect in vacuum seal.Along with the appearance of second and third permanent-magnet material, Drive Technology is further developed in generation.Magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device is applied in various vacuum dynamic seals gradually, and development prospect is also very wide.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of ultracentrifuge is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Described ultracentrifuge comprises the centrifuge housing that is separated into centrifugal chamber and motor installation room by the centrifugal chamber separation layer; In the described motor installation room vavuum pump is housed, frequency converter and be used for the motor base of mounted motor; Be provided with in the described centrifugal chamber for the centrifugal barrel that loads spinning head, described motor is connected with spinning head;
Described motor comprises rotor, is sleeved on the outer stator of rotor, is sleeved on radially air-bearing and the axial magnetic bearing of two ends of rotor;
Described rotor comprises rotating shaft, is sleeved on the outer rotor jacket of rotating shaft, and described rotating shaft middle part is permanent magnet;
Described stator annular stator coil windings unshakable in one's determination by annular stator and that be around on the annular stator iron core forms;
Described radially air-bearing comprises the annular air suspension shaft sleeve that is enclosed within the rotating shaft, between described annular air suspension shaft sleeve and the rotating shaft annular space is arranged; Described air suspension shaft sleeve is provided with three road annular grooves, middle annular groove is provided with the throttle orifice that is communicated with annular space, described throttle orifice is provided with the small damping plug with the throttle orifice split, and described small damping plug compresses by housing screw and throttle orifice, and the groove at two ends is provided with the O RunddichtringO;
Described axial magnetic floating axle is contracted and is drawn together the floating unit of the axle magnetic that is comprised of two A annular permanent magnets that are installed in roller end locating ring both sides, is enclosed within the floating unit of stator magnet outside the floating unit of axle magnetic; The floating unit of described stator magnet comprise magnetic floating fixed and be located at magnetic floating fixed inboard and respectively with two B annular permanent magnets that the A annular permanent magnet is corresponding; Keep spacing by the repulsion between A annular permanent magnet and the B annular permanent magnet between the floating unit of axle magnetic and the floating unit of stator magnet; The floating unit of described axle magnetic is provided with protective layer; Be provided with separation layer between described A annular permanent magnet and the locating ring;
Described motor housing is provided with air-cooled air inlet, gas outlet, the air-bearing air inlet that is communicated with throttle orifice.
In addition, described motor housing is provided with the Y connection box.Described motor is connected with spinning head by magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device; Described magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device comprises interior magnet rotor system and is enclosed within outer magnet rotor system outside the interior magnet rotor system that both are separated by the centrifugal chamber separation layer; Described interior magnet rotor system comprises the hub that is enclosed within on the motor output shaft; Described hub lower end is provided with the tensioning flange; Be provided with tensioning sleeve between described tensioning flange and the hub; Described hub upper end is provided with the permanent magnet installing rack; Be equipped with on the described permanent magnet installing rack by along the permanent magnet installing rack radially and the internal magnetic ring that forms of the staggered interior permanent magnet of magnetic pole; Described internal magnetic ring is provided with internal protective cover outward; Described outer magnet rotor system comprises the outer magnetic ring that is comprised of the outer permanent magnet corresponding with interior permanent magnet; Described outer magnetic ring is provided with outer jointing jacket outward; Described outer jointing jacket top is provided with for the centrifugal shaft that spinning head is installed; Be provided with thrust ball bearing between described outer jointing jacket bottom and the centrifugal chamber separation layer base plate upper surface; Be provided with deep groove ball bearing between centrifugal chamber separation layer upper end and the outer jointing jacket inwall.Described centrifuge housing is provided with protective cover, guidance panel and universal wheel.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with design principle:
When the rotating speed of high-speed electric expreess locomotive reaches 60000r, the unit iron loss of high-speed electric expreess locomotive will be dozens or even hundreds of times of common electric machine.How reducing the high-frequency electromagnetic loss and improving cooling effectiveness is the subject matter that the high-speed electric expreess locomotive stator design need to be considered.Stator in the ultracentrifuge motor of the present invention adopts the low-loss permeability magnetic material, and stator winding adopts Circular Winding, has effectively shortened stator end length.
Motor adopts the floating support pattern that combines of radially air supporting and axial magnetic.Have uniform throttle orifice on the air suspension shaft sleeve of the radially air-bearing of motor, the small damping plug is cooperated installation with each throttle orifice, assemble rear employing housing screw and compress the location, radially air-bearing adopts the O RunddichtringO to seal, and forms airtight high pressure air cavity.Throttle orifice is axial throttle orifice (adopting according to actual needs single or double), improves supporting force and the support stiffness of bearing.This version adopts split type processing with axle sleeve and small damping plug, can reduce technique and difficulty of processing, and simultaneously, axle is related with fit clearance and the throttle orifice of shaft room, improves to greatest extent the support stiffness of bearing.Compressed Gas flows into from the air-bearing air inlet, flows into radially air-bearing gap through the throttle orifice throttling, then from radially air-bearing two ends outflow, when size of gaps up and down not simultaneously, the upper and lower surface of rotating shaft forms pressure reduction, thereby produces certain supporting force, and rotating shaft is suspended in the air.The trade mark of two pairs of annular permanent magnets in the axial magnetic bearing of motor is N38UH, and separation layer adopts steel alloy to isolate magnetic field.Because motor bearings adopts the floating static-pressure air bearing structure that combines of radially air supporting and axial magnetic, maximum speed reaches more than the 80000rpm, for providing reliable technical guarantee this patent, the realization of ultracentrifuge adopt the magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal to connect, by the mutual magnetic drives of inside and outside magnet rotor, realize the noncontact transmission of power, without friction of motion, frictional dissipation is little between the while air locking, good seal performance, transmission efficiency is high.
Magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal connected mode is adopted in high-speed vacuum sealing in the ultracentrifuge of the present invention.By the mutual magnetic drives of inside and outside magnet rotor, realize the noncontact transmission of power.Inside and outside magnet rotor system relies on the magnetic force transferring energy between permanent magnet, realizes the noncontact transmission of power.Arranging of inside and outside permanent magnet is 8 pairs of watt magnetic that magnetic pole is relative, its arrangement form is as shown in Figure 9: inside and outside magnetic permanent magnet is arranged in pairs, its arrow is depicted as magnetic pole and points to, interior magnetic and motor output shaft are connected, after internal magnetic ring rotation small angle theta, be subjected to magneticaction, outer magnetic ring has reinstatement trend, be that outer magnetic ring rotates under the internal magnetic ring magneticaction, realize the non-contact magnetic force transmission.
Ultracentrifuge of the present invention adopts corner angle profile mode with a slope, and realizes that guidance panel and body are integrated, and good looking appearance is easy to operate; Centrifugal chamber adopts the high-intensity sealing steel plate to carry out safeguard protection, and to organize sealing rubber ring multi-sealed more, and the various kinds of sensors Real Time Monitoring is guaranteed the centrifuge work safety, and running is reliable; Motion between high-speed electric expreess locomotive and the centrifuge-head passes through magnetic force and realizes, namely relies on the magnetic drives between a pair of inside and outside magnet rotor, realizes the noncontact transmission of power, guarantees between the air locking without friction of motion; Simultaneously, rotation shaft of high-speed motor directly drives the centrifugal head rotating shaft, the problem such as avoided that the operation that machinery speed increasing brings is unstable, efficient is low and noise is large.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The development and the high-speed vacuum sealing device that the invention solves high-speed electric expreess locomotive are developed two hang-ups, adopt air supporting, the floating mixing bearing technology of magnetic in the high-speed electric expreess locomotive design, have greatly strengthened support stiffness and supporting stability; Large interference shrink-fit mode is adopted in the sheath design, has effectively protected the rotor integrality; Rotor adopts three stage structure; 12 groove structures of relative compromise have been adopted in stator core, and winding configuration adopts ring-like winding; The type of cooling adopts the air blast cooling mode, has guaranteed the reliable and stable operation of ultracentrifugation machine actuating device.Magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal connected mode is adopted in the high-speed vacuum sealing, by the mutual magnetic drives of inside and outside magnet rotor, realizes the noncontact transmission of power.Ultracentrifuge of the present invention can be widely used in the research and production of the industries such as biology, medical science, agronomy, bioengineering, bio-pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, successfully reversed the passive situation of China at the complete dependence on import in ultracentrifuge market, have wide market prospects and huge this achievement of social benefit and not only can break external blockade and monopolization to the ultracentrifugation machine technology, can satisfy again the growing market demand of China self.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is centrifuge structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is electric machine structure schematic diagram in the centrifuge of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the profile of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the rotor structure schematic diagram of motor in the centrifuge of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the stator structure schematic diagram of motor in the centrifuge of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the radially air-bearing structural representation of motor in the centrifuge of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the axial magnetic bearing structure schematic diagram of motor in the centrifuge of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal apparatus structure schematic diagram in the centrifuge of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of arranging of inside and outside permanent magnet in the magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device.
Among the figure: 1, centrifugal chamber separation layer; 2, centrifuge housing; 3, vavuum pump; 4, frequency converter; 5, motor; 6, motor base; 7, spinning head; 8, rotor; 9, stator; 10, air-bearing radially; 11, axial magnetic bearing; 12, rotating shaft; 13, rotor jacket; 14, permanent magnet; 15, annular stator is unshakable in one's determination; 16, annular stator coil windings; 17, annular air suspension shaft sleeve; 18, throttle orifice; 19, small damping plug; 20, housing screw; 21, O RunddichtringO; 22, locating ring; 23, A annular permanent magnet; 24, magnetic floating fixed; 25, B annular permanent magnet; 26, protective layer; 27, separation layer; 28, air-cooled air inlet; 29, gas outlet; 30, air-bearing air inlet; 31, Y connection box; 32, motor output shaft; 33, hub; 34, tensioning flange; 35, centrifugal barrel; 36, tensioning sleeve; 37, permanent magnet installing rack; 38, interior permanent magnet; 39, internal protective cover; 40, outer permanent magnet; 41, outer jointing jacket; 42, centrifugal shaft; 43, thrust ball bearing; 44, deep groove ball bearing; 45, protective cover; 46, guidance panel; 47, universal wheel.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, described ultracentrifuge comprises the centrifuge housing 2 that is separated into centrifugal chamber and motor installation room by centrifugal chamber separation layer 1; In the described motor installation room vavuum pump 3 is housed, frequency converter 4 and be used for the motor base 6 of mounted motor 5; Be provided with in the described centrifugal chamber for the centrifugal barrel 35 that loads spinning head 7, described motor 5 is connected with spinning head 7;
Described motor 5 comprises rotor 8, is sleeved on the stator 9 outside the rotor 8, is sleeved on radially air-bearing 10 and the axial magnetic bearing 11 at rotor 8 two ends;
Described rotor 8 comprises rotating shaft 12, is sleeved on the rotor jacket 13 outside the rotating shaft 12, and described rotating shaft 12 middle parts are permanent magnet 14;
Described stator 9 is comprised of annular stator unshakable in one's determination 15 and the annular stator coil windings 16 that is around on the annular stator iron core 15;
Described radially air-bearing 10 comprises the annular air suspension shaft sleeve 17 that is enclosed within the rotating shaft 12, between described annular air suspension shaft sleeve 17 and the rotating shaft 12 annular space is arranged; Described air suspension shaft sleeve 17 is provided with three road annular grooves, middle annular groove is provided with the throttle orifice 18 that is communicated with annular space, described throttle orifice 18 is provided with the small damping plug 19 with throttle orifice 18 splits, described small damping plug 19 compresses by housing screw 20 and throttle orifice 18, and the groove at two ends is provided with O RunddichtringO 21;
Described axial magnetic bearing 11 comprises the floating unit of the axle magnetic that is comprised of two A annular permanent magnets 23 that are installed in rotating shaft 12 end locating rings 22 both sides, is enclosed within the floating unit of stator magnet outside the floating unit of axle magnetic; The floating unit of described stator magnet comprises magnetic floating fixed 24 and is located at the inboard and B annular permanent magnet 25 corresponding with two A annular permanent magnets 23 respectively of magnetic floating fixed 24; Keep spacing by the repulsion between A annular permanent magnet 23 and the B annular permanent magnet 25 between the floating unit of axle magnetic and the floating unit of stator magnet; The floating unit of described axle magnetic is provided with protective layer 26; Be provided with separation layer 27 between described A annular permanent magnet 25 and the locating ring 22;
Described motor 5 shells are provided with air-cooled air inlet 28, gas outlet 29, the air-bearing air inlet 30 that is communicated with throttle orifice 18.
Wherein, described motor 5 shells are provided with Y connection box 31.Described motor 5 is connected with spinning head 7 by magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device; Described magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device comprises interior magnet rotor system and is enclosed within outer magnet rotor system outside the interior magnet rotor system that both are separated by centrifugal chamber separation layer 1; Described interior magnet rotor system comprises the hub 33 that is enclosed within on the motor output shaft 32; Described hub 33 lower ends are provided with tensioning flange 34; Be provided with tensioning sleeve 36 between described tensioning flange 34 and the hub 33; Described hub 33 upper ends are provided with permanent magnet installing rack 37; Be equipped with on the described permanent magnet installing rack 37 by along permanent magnet installing rack 37 radially and the internal magnetic ring that forms of the staggered interior permanent magnet 38 of magnetic pole; Described internal magnetic ring is provided with internal protective cover 39 outward; Described outer magnet rotor system comprises the outer magnetic ring that is comprised of the outer permanent magnet 40 corresponding with interior permanent magnet 38; Described outer magnetic ring is provided with outer jointing jacket 41 outward; Described outer jointing jacket 41 tops are provided with for the centrifugal shaft 42 that spinning head 7 is installed; Be provided with thrust ball bearing 43 between described outer jointing jacket 41 bottoms and the centrifugal chamber separation layer 1 base plate upper surface; Be provided with deep groove ball bearing 44 between centrifugal chamber separation layer 1 upper end and outer jointing jacket 41 inwalls.Described centrifuge housing 2 is provided with protective cover 45, guidance panel 46 and universal wheel 47.
Successfully developed ultracentrifuge core high-speed electric expreess locomotive according to such scheme, finished all technical verification experimental verification, experimental result shows that this equipment meets design requirement fully.The high-speed vacuum sealing device has also carried out experimental verification according to designing requirement, and the result shows that magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal interconnection technique is reasonable in design, can satisfy the ultracentrifuge requirement.Motor is connected with vacuum sealing device, increases simultaneously vacuum system and various control system thereof, can implement the final assembly of ultracentrifuge.
By demonstration, design optimization and experiment, the equipment index that reaches the most at last is as follows:
Overall objective
(1) speed adjustable range: 30000～60000rpm can set up on their own
(2) Max RCF: 241488g rotary head radius 30～60mm)
(3) heap(ed) capacity: 8 * 20ml
(4) rotary speed precision: ± 50rpm
(5) accuracy of temperature control: ± 1 ℃
(6) vacuum: 0.133～1.33Pa
(7) lifting speed time: 30s～2min can set up on their own
(8) total noise of centrifuge: 65dB
(9) overall mass: 100KG
The motor technology index
(1) rated power:
(2) rated voltage:
(3) rated frequency:
(4) connect torque: 4.8Nm
(5) specified phase voltage:
(6) rated efficiency:
(7) power factor:
(8) specified phase current:
(9) type of cooling: air blast cooling
(1) bearing rotating speed:
(2) supporting force:
〉=100N
(3) support stiffness:
(1) restraining force 〉=100N
Axial float≤2mm.
Claims (4)
1. a ultracentrifuge comprises the centrifuge housing (2) that is separated into centrifugal chamber and motor installation room by centrifugal chamber separation layer (1); Vavuum pump (3) is housed, frequency converter (4) and be used for the motor base (6) of mounted motor (5) in the described motor installation room; Be provided with in the described centrifugal chamber for the centrifugal barrel (35) that loads spinning head (7), described motor (5) is connected with spinning head (7); It is characterized in that described motor (5) comprises rotor (8), be sleeved on the outer stator (9) of rotor (8), be sleeved on radially air-bearing (10) and the axial magnetic bearing (11) at rotor (8) two ends; Described rotor (8) comprises rotating shaft (12), is sleeved on the outer rotor jacket (13) of rotating shaft (12), and described rotating shaft (12) middle part is permanent magnet (14); Described stator (9) is comprised of annular stator unshakable in one's determination (15) and the annular stator coil windings (16) that is around on the annular stator iron core (15); Described radially air-bearing (10) comprises the annular air suspension shaft sleeve (17) that is enclosed within the rotating shaft (12), between described annular air suspension shaft sleeve (17) and the rotating shaft (12) annular space is arranged; Described air suspension shaft sleeve (17) is provided with three road annular grooves, middle annular groove is provided with the throttle orifice (18) that is communicated with annular space, described throttle orifice (18) is provided with the small damping plug (19) with throttle orifice (18) split, described small damping plug (19) compresses by housing screw (20) and throttle orifice (18), and the groove at two ends is provided with O RunddichtringO (21);
Described axial magnetic bearing (11) comprises the floating unit of the axle magnetic that is comprised of two the A annular permanent magnets (23) that are enclosed within rotating shaft (12) end locating ring (22) both sides, is enclosed within the floating unit of stator magnet outside the floating unit of axle magnetic; The floating unit of described stator magnet comprises magnetic floating fixed (24) and is located at magnetic floating fixed (24) inboard and the B annular permanent magnet (25) corresponding with two A annular permanent magnets (23) respectively; Keep spacing by the repulsion between A annular permanent magnet (23) and the B annular permanent magnet (25) between the floating unit of axle magnetic and the floating unit of stator magnet; The floating unit of described axle magnetic is provided with protective layer (26); Be provided with separation layer (27) between described A annular permanent magnet (25) and the locating ring (22); Described motor (5) shell is provided with air-cooled air inlet (28), gas outlet (29), the air-bearing air inlet (30) that is communicated with throttle orifice (18).
2. ultracentrifuge as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described motor (5) shell is provided with Y connection box (31).
3. ultracentrifuge as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described motor (5) is connected with spinning head (7) by magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device;
Described magnetically-actuated vacuum dynamic seal device comprises interior magnet rotor system and is enclosed within outer magnet rotor system outside the interior magnet rotor system that both are separated by centrifugal chamber separation layer (1);
Described interior magnet rotor system comprises the hub (33) that is enclosed within on the motor output shaft (32); Described hub (33) lower end is provided with tensioning flange (34); Be provided with tensioning sleeve (36) between described tensioning flange (34) and the hub (33); Described hub (33) upper end is provided with permanent magnet installing rack (37); Be equipped with on the described permanent magnet installing rack (37) by along permanent magnet installing rack (37) radially and the internal magnetic ring that forms of the staggered interior permanent magnet (38) of magnetic pole; Described internal magnetic ring is provided with internal protective cover (39) outward; Described outer magnet rotor system comprises the outer magnetic ring that is comprised of the outer permanent magnet (40) corresponding with interior permanent magnet (38); Described outer magnetic ring is provided with outer jointing jacket (41) outward; Described outer jointing jacket (41) top is provided with for the centrifugal shaft (42) that spinning head (7) is installed; Be provided with thrust ball bearing (43) between described outer jointing jacket (41) bottom and centrifugal chamber separation layer (1) the base plate upper surface; Be provided with deep groove ball bearing (44) between centrifugal chamber separation layer (1) upper end and outer jointing jacket (41) inwall.
4. ultracentrifuge as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described centrifuge housing (2) is provided with protective cover (45), guidance panel (46) and universal wheel (47).
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| CN201210452733.XA CN102974474B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Ultra centrifuge |
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| CN201210452733.XA CN102974474B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Ultra centrifuge |
Publications (2)
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| CN102974474A true CN102974474A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
| CN102974474B CN102974474B (en) | 2014-02-26 |
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| CN201210452733.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102974474B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Ultra centrifuge |
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