CN102962583A - Method and device for forming plastic part microstructure based on laser heating - Google Patents
Method and device for forming plastic part microstructure based on laser heating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for forming a plastic part microstructure based on laser heating, and relates to the field of formation of the plastic part microstructure, in particular to the method and the device for forming the plastic part microstructure based on laser heating. The surface of a base body of a plastic part with microstructure characteristics is quickly heated and molten by utilizing the heat effect of laser on a polymer and accurately controlling laser power and irradiation time as well as irradiation mode, and the plastic part microstructure is formed and processed through a laser heating extrusion forming device. The method and the device have the advantages of high forming precision, large scale range, good flexibility, high efficiency and low cost, are suitable for large-batch automatic forming and processing of the plastic part microstructure, and have higher application values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the little shaping of Laser Processing and plastics field, refer in particular to working of plastics micro-structure forming method and device based on LASER HEATING, minutiae on can accurate backed stamper pressing plate is to the working of plastics surface, be used for the shaping of working of plastics surface micro-structure feature, being specially adapted to the surface has the thermoplastic plastic parts of the microstructure features such as micropore, little groove, microprotrusion, such as the shaping processing of the precise plastic parts such as micro-fluidic chip, Miniature precision pattern.
Background technology
The plastics parts with microstructure refers to have on the surface micropore of minute yardstick, little groove, the thermoplastic product of the features such as microprotrusion, such as micro-fluidic chip, Miniature precision pattern etc., because the plastics parts with microstructure has good mechanical property and physical and chemical performance, plastic product with micro-structural is widely used in Aero-Space, microelectronics, precision instrument, a plurality of fields such as biologic medical and national defence, the plastics micro-structural is processed into an important directions of contemporary science and technology development, development along with Modern Manufacturing Technology and MEMS, the demand of plastics parts with microstructure rapidly increases, to the processing technology of plastics parts with microstructure, crudy and processing cost have proposed requirements at the higher level.At present, plastics parts with microstructure processing method generally has injection mo(u)lding, the little shaping of laser, micro-cutting, the little processing of ultrasonic wave and hot forming etc.
The micro-structure forming processing of existing working of plastics mainly is to rely on LIGA, the injection mo(u)lding of the process technology such as photoetching and chemical etching, Chinese patent CN201110072477.7 for example, CN201010119177.5, CN200910308065.1, CN200910308065.1, CN201010300409.7, the micro-fluidic chip injection mold that CN101791840 A provides various molded surface to have MCA, they all are to utilize ordinary injection die shaping processing plastic parts with microstructure, because polymer melt filling flow process is complicated, it is more to relate to influence factor, the injection mo(u)lding micro-fluidic chip will be taken into account the different requirements of plastic substrate macroscopic view injection moulding and micro-structural injection moulding, the matrix injection moulding is the upper whole die cavity of polymer melt filling mould of macroscopic view, the micro-structural injection moulding is the microstructure area filling moulding of mold cavity part, both have very big difference in Shooting Technique, because minute yardstick effect, the micro-fluidic chip injection moulding is the same with the Tissue Culture Dish injection moulding, all there is the not enough problem of micro-structural filling shaping, thereby the injection mold manufacture difficulty of processing micro-fluidic chip is large, Shooting Technique is complicated, production cost is high.
In addition, utilize the method shaping processing plastic parts with microstructure such as micro-cutting processing, laser micro etch processing, the little processing of ultrasonic wave, hot forming, have separately the processing scope of application and condition restriction, for example the processing efficient of micro-cutting processing is low, and microstructure size and the precision that can process are restricted; Although laser micro etch processing working (machining) efficiency is higher, but the surface accuracy of processing is not high, the micro-structural channel wall of processing is coarse, this is because the microchannel wall face is easily sticked leftover waste material and protrusion, such as document (JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONALMATERIALSAND DEVICES Apr. Vol.14, No.2,2008) reported CO
2Bulge formation in the laser assisted processing PMMA micro-fluidic chip; The placement issue that has the vibration utmost point in the little processing of ultrasonic wave, machining accuracy is low and the processing yardstick is restricted; Also there is long, the problem such as energy resource consumption is high, forming pressure is large, thermal deformation and forming accuracy are restricted heat time heating time in hot forming.
Along with the laser processing technology development, processing is important industrial application to material forming to utilize laser impact technology, have the more material impact shaping patent report based on laser technology both at home and abroad, such as Chinese patent ZL02264630.2, CN1931467A, CN101518852A, CN101269440A, CN101323051A, US Patent No. 334612, US3850698, US6747240 etc., all are laser impact forming metals, the method and apparatus of plastic material, they or be shaped based on the metal material of laser-impact macroscopic view, such as bending, swaging, the manufacturing process such as bulging, or metal material micro parts impact forging, metal, the laser impact forming principle of plastic material is the material plasticity distortion under the impact force action, and polymer plastic is macromolecular material, applied external force cannot make it plastic deformation when the normal temperature glassy state, flowed by External Force Acting, it is to be difficult to realize Plastic Forming that polymer plastic only is subjected to the effect of external force at normal temperatures.
Utilize laser to the fuel factor effect of polymeric material, research and the application of carrying out Polymer Processing are subject to extensive concern, such as the multiple processing methods such as laser sintering and moulding, welding, surface modification, bending, ablation and cutting of polymer, but not yet relate to thermoplastic parts with microstructure shaping manufacture field under the LASER HEATING state.Chinese patent CN201070823Y discloses a kind of miniature plastic part building mortion based on Laser Processing, utilize the pressure of laser-impact generation and the heat that the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation plastics produce, obtain the shaping of miniature plastic part, this patent is not strict with for the temperature of Laser Processing, the plastics that are shaped are micro parts, its yardstick is micron order, belongs to the long-pending moulding of microbody, and this patent also is not suitable for micro-structure forming on macroscopical working of plastics matrix surface.
In sum, existing processing method is difficult to satisfy growing plastics parts with microstructure shaping processing request, so, be necessary to explore new machining method and new technology and realize quick, efficient, cheaply working of plastics micro-structure forming processing of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of working of plastics micro-structure forming method and device based on LASER HEATING, be used for the thermoplastic plastic parts that molded surface has micro-structural, such as the shaping processing of the precise plastic parts such as micro-fluidic chip, accurate badge pattern.
Plastics parts with microstructure manufacturing process provided by the present invention, it is characterized in that the micro-structure forming area surfaces with the laser irradiation working of plastics, by accurate control laser parameter and the suitable forming technology condition of employing, utilize laser to the photo-thermal effect of plastics, frosting efficient absorption laser energy, laser energy is converted into heat, plastic table surface layer temperature can reach elastomeric state and viscous state temperature range fast, meanwhile, the finishing die pressing plate applies forming pressure to working of plastics, minutiae is copied on the working of plastics surface, finish the shaping processing to the working of plastics micro-structural.
Above-mentioned a kind of plastics parts with microstructure manufacturing process based on LASER HEATING, it is characterized in that laser energy deposition at the plastic table surface layer, utilize plastics high to the laser energy absorption rate, absorb fast and the slow physical characteristic of plastic hot conduction of velocity, by control laser power size, exposure time, radiation mode etc., form working of plastics temperature difference band from outward appearance to inner essence, be that working of plastics from outward appearance to inner essence is viscous state, elastomeric state and glassy state, the working of plastics matrix is solid glassy state, superficial layer is viscous state or elastomeric state, and superficial layer is laser absorption layer and heat affected area, its thickness is generally several microns to hundreds of microns, is the range scale of plastics depth of microstructure just.Therefore, plastics micro-structure forming of the present invention, it is the working of plastics superficial layer micro-structure forming under LASER HEATING, the working of plastics surface is changed viscous state or elastomeric state into by solid glassy state, in the moulding of finishing die pressing plate power effect current downflow, after supercooling, obtain again the micro-structural that glassy state solidifies, the matrix form of working of plastics is constant, working of plastics micro-structure forming and working of plastics size dimension are irrelevant, and namely micro-structural is the shaping processing of carrying out at plastic substrate.
Above-mentioned a kind of working of plastics micro-structure forming method based on LASER HEATING, it is characterized in that the processing of working of plastics micro-structure forming is divided into working of plastics matrix and micro-structural processing two parts, be after the working of plastics matrix is finished processing and forming by moulds such as common injection moulding, extrusion molding, compression moulding, micro-structural is finished processing and forming by the working of plastics matrix through the LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus.
Above-mentioned a kind of working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING is characterized in that laser instrument is CO
2Laser instrument or Nd-YAG solid state laser.
Above-mentioned a kind of working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING, it is characterized in that, the printing opacity moulded board is light transmissive material K9 or other transparent glass, size and dimension according to working of plastics and micro-structural thereof distributes, and utilizes the accurate micro-structural die cavity of making printing opacity moulded board profiled surface of the process technologies such as LIGA, photoetching or chemical etching.
Above-mentioned a kind of working of plastics micro-structure forming method based on LASER HEATING, it is characterized in that device comprises Laser output system and micro-structural extrusion Forming System, formed by laser instrument (1), light path system (2), optical splitter (3), printing opacity moulded board (4), fixed head (5), control system (6), discharger (7), bottom base (8), working of plastics location-plate (9), working of plastics (10), body (11), top base (12), upper end support (13) etc.The laser instrument of Laser output system (1) is connected on the upper end support (13) of body (11), the laser light path system (2) that is connected with laser instrument (1) is comprised of serial reflective mirror, condenser lens and spectroscope (3), transmission path and the distribution form of laser light path system (2) control laser.The micro-structural extrusion Forming System is divided into up and down two parts, upper part is comprised of top base (12), fixed head (5), printing opacity moulded board (4), top base (12) is connected with body (11), fixed head (5) connects top base (12), printing opacity moulded board (4) is fixed on the fixed head (5), printing opacity moulded board (4) is positioned under the optical splitter (3), printing opacity moulded board (4) below is over against working of plastics (10), and printing opacity moulded board (4) lower surface has the micro-structural die cavity corresponding with working of plastics (10); Lower part is comprised of bottom base (8), working of plastics location-plate (9), discharger (7), bottom base (8) connects body (11), and move by guide rail or the guide pillar oscilaltion of body (11), working of plastics location-plate (9) connects bottom base (8) and is positioned at printing opacity moulded board (4) below, and working of plastics (10) is fixing by working of plastics location-plate (9) location.Control system (6) connects body (11), control system (6) control Laser output system, bottom base (8) move up and down and extrusion process, and discharger (7) connects body (11) and laying and pipetting by control system (6) control plastics parts with microstructure; Control system is controlled work and the operating process of whole LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus according to the forming technology requirement.
Above-mentioned a kind of working of plastics micro-structure forming method based on LASER HEATING, it is characterized in that size and distribution of shapes and plastic material physical and chemical performance according to the plastics micro-structural, the laser irradiation mode that adopts can be continuous sweep irradiation, or single or multiple location irradiation, or utilize spectroscope that simultaneously irradiated heat of multizone is carried out in the micro-structure forming zone.
The technical solution used in the present invention and implementation process.
1. utilize the moulds such as common injection moulding, extrusion molding, compression moulding to finish working of plastics matrix shaping processing.
2. the size and dimension according to working of plastics and micro-structural distributes, and utilizes the process technologies such as LIGA, photoetching or chemical etching, the accurate micro-structural die cavity of making the printing opacity moulded board.
3. the processing of the micro-structure forming of working of plastics matrix is finished by the LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus:
A. laser instrument is opened, and regulates light path system; According to working of plastics material and microstructure size and distribution of shapes, determine laser parameter, start control system, set work order and program.
B. up and down two parts pedestal of micro-structural extrusion Forming System separates, and discharger is got the working of plastics matrix and is placed on the working of plastics location-plate, and the location is fixing.
C. move on the bottom base, upper bottom base is closed, and the working of plastics matrix is close to the printing opacity moulded board micro-structural forming surface of top base.
D. laser instrument is started working, and Output of laser, laser see through the printing opacity template through light path system, optical splitter, expose to the working of plastics matrix surface, and surface of plastic matrix absorbing laser energy is elastomeric state or viscous state by glass transition.
E. when laser instrument is started working, according to the pressure size, under control system control, bottom base and top base compress plastic substrate and printing opacity moulded board, when surface of plastic matrix is elastomeric state or viscous state by glass transition, extruded plastic spare micro-structural, bottom base moves down to be opened.
F. behind the working of plastics micro-structural forming surface cooling curing, discharger takes off working of plastics, finishes a working cycles.
G. under control system control, the LASER HEATING extrusion molding processing work of repetitive cycling working of plastics.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. owing to be working of plastics matrix and microstructure features separate machined, processing flexibility is large, not limited by working of plastics size and shape, can be the working of plastics of two-dimensional flat plate class or 3 D complex structure, also can be large-sized common plastics spare or microminiature part.
2. owing to adopt laser as heat source, polymer plastic absorbing laser energy is exceedingly fast, the physical aspect that just can realize the working of plastics surface in brief moment changes, be viscous state or elastomeric state by glass transition namely, in the situation of the non-micro-structure forming zone solid forms that does not change plastic substrate, be implemented in the micro-structure forming under the extrusion die pressure-acting, the forming efficiency of working of plastics micro-structural is high, extruding force is little, forming accuracy is high.
3. the polymeric material scope that is shaped is larger, and wide adaptability, conventional crystalline plastic and unformed thermoplastic can carry out micro-structure forming processing; The optional scope of microstructure form and yardstick is large, can be the microstructure features such as micropore, little groove, microprotrusion, also can be fine pattern fine structure feature.
4. because laser parameter is accurately controlled, the laser irradiation mode is flexible, and micro-structural processing can be controlled at local small shaped region.Laser energy utilizing rate is high, can reduce the thermal stress impact on non-micro-structure forming region material.
5. utilize the plastics micro-structure forming processing method of LASER HEATING, technique is simple, and system architecture is simple and practical, and is with low cost, applied range.
6. under computer control, realize easily high-efficient automatic production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of plastics micro-structure forming method based on LASER HEATING and device schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the microfluidic chip structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 Tissue Culture Dish structural representation.
Fig. 4 implementation steps flow chart schematic diagram.
1. end support on laser instrument 2. light path systems 3. optical splitters 4. printing opacity moulded boards 5. fixed heads 6. control systems 7. dischargers 8. bottom bases 9. working of plastics location-plates 10. working of plastics 11. bodies 12. top bases 13..
Specific embodiment
Example 1: the LASER HEATING extrusion molding processing of micro-fluidic chip
Micro-fluidic chip is PMMA matrix plate, and the PMMA matrix surface has the microchannel as shown in Figure 2, matrix size: 10 * 10 * 1mm, and the microchannel is semicircle, diameter 0.1mm, microchannel spacing 0.5mm.At first utilize the ordinary injection die moulding to obtain PMMA matrix plate, then matrix carries out the plastics micro-structure forming processing of LASER HEATING, namely finishes micro-structure forming processing by the LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus.Start LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus control system, set work order and program.Laser instrument is opened, and regulates light path system; Determine the laser major parameter: power 10W, location exposure time 0.05s.Up and down two parts pedestal of micro-structural extrusion Forming System separates, and discharger is got the micro-fluidic chip matrix and is placed in to locate on the working of plastics location-plate and fixes.Move on the bottom base, upper bottom base is closed, working of plastics micro-fluidic chip matrix is close to printing opacity moulded board micro-structural forming surface such as Fig. 2 of top base, the laser instrument Output of laser, the shape of laser facula shape and little shape groove is consistent, and every spot width is 0.2mm, and laser is through light path system, optical splitter, after the optical splitter optical filtering, hot spot sees through the printing opacity moulded board, exposes to the working of plastics matrix surface, surface of plastic matrix absorbing laser energy, be converted into elastomeric state or viscous state by solid glassy state, meanwhile, under the control of extruding controller, bottom base and top base are take the pressure size as 10 kilograms of compression plastic substrates and printing opacity moulded board, shaping plastics micro-structural, the 1 minute cooling curing time after the micro-structural moulding, bottom base moves down to be opened, and discharger takes off the micro-fluidic chip drip molding, so far, finish a work period.
Example 2: the LASER HEATING extrusion molding processing of Tissue Culture Dish
Tissue Culture Dish is the PS material, and the Tissue Culture Dish matrix surface has micro-structural as shown in Figure 3, matrix size 1.2 * 1.2 * 0.5mm, square pore size 0.2 * 0.2 * 0.3mm, square micropore totally 9 be array distribution.At first obtain the Tissue Culture Dish matrix by injection moulding, then carry out the plastics micro-structure forming processing of LASER HEATING.Start LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus control system, set work order and program, laser instrument is opened, and regulates light path system; Determine the laser major parameter: power 2W, spot diameter 5mm locate exposure time 0.1s at every turn.Up and down two parts pedestal of micro-structural extrusion Forming System separates, and discharger is got the Tissue Culture Dish matrix and is placed in to locate on the working of plastics location-plate and fixes.Move on the bottom base, upper bottom base is closed, the Tissue Culture Dish matrix is close to the printing opacity moulded board micro-structural forming surface of top base, the laser instrument Output of laser, and laser is through light path system, see through the printing opacity template, expose to the working of plastics matrix surface, surface of plastic matrix absorbing laser energy is elastomeric state or viscous state by glass transition, meanwhile, under the control of extruding controller, bottom base and top base are take the pressure size as 5 kilograms of compression matrixes and printing opacity moulded board, shaping plastics micro-structural, after the micro-structural moulding, 1 minute cooling curing time, bottom base moves down to be opened, and discharger takes off microcell culture dish drip molding, so far, finish a work period.
Claims (5)
1. working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING, it is characterized in that comprising Laser output system and micro-structural extrusion Forming System, by laser instrument (1), light path system (2), optical splitter (3), printing opacity moulded board (4), fixed head (5), control system (6), discharger (7), bottom base (8), working of plastics location-plate (9), working of plastics (10), body (11), top base (12) and upper end support (13) form, the laser instrument of Laser output system (1) is connected on the upper end support (13) of body (11), the laser light path system (2) that is connected with laser instrument (1) is by serial reflective mirror, condenser lens and spectroscope (3) form, transmission path and the distribution form of laser light path system (2) control laser; The micro-structural extrusion Forming System is divided into up and down two parts, upper part is comprised of top base (12), fixed head (5), printing opacity moulded board (4), top base (12) is connected with body (11), fixed head (5) connects top base (12), printing opacity moulded board (4) is fixed on the fixed head (5), printing opacity moulded board (4) is positioned under the optical splitter (3), printing opacity moulded board (4) below is over against working of plastics (10), and printing opacity moulded board (4) lower surface has the micro-structural die cavity corresponding with working of plastics (10); Lower part is comprised of bottom base (8), working of plastics location-plate (9), discharger (7), bottom base (8) connects body (11), and move by guide rail or the guide pillar oscilaltion of body (11), working of plastics location-plate (9) connects bottom base (8) and is positioned at printing opacity moulded board (4) below, and working of plastics (10) is fixing by working of plastics location-plate (9) location; Control system (6) connects body (11), control system (6) control Laser output system, bottom base (8) move up and down and extrusion process, and discharger (7) connects body (11) and laying and pipetting by control system (6) control plastics parts with microstructure; Control system is controlled work and the operating process of whole LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus according to the forming technology requirement.
2. a kind of working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING according to claim 1 is characterized in that laser instrument (1) is CO
2Laser instrument or Nd-YAG solid state laser.
3. a kind of working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, printing opacity moulded board (4) is light transmissive material K9 or other transparent glass, size and dimension according to working of plastics and micro-structural thereof distributes, and utilizes the accurate micro-structural die cavity of making printing opacity moulded board profiled surface of the process technologies such as LIGA, photoetching or chemical etching.
4. implement the method for a kind of working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the micro-structure forming processing of working of plastics matrix is finished by the LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus, and the implementation step is as follows:
A. laser instrument is opened, and regulates light path system; According to working of plastics material and microstructure size and distribution of shapes, determine laser parameter and laser distribution form, set work order and program, start control system;
B. up and down two parts pedestal of micro-structural extrusion Forming System separates, and discharger is got the working of plastics matrix and is placed on the working of plastics location-plate, and the location is fixing;
C. move on the bottom base, upper bottom base is closed, and the working of plastics matrix is close to the printing opacity moulded board micro-structural forming surface of top base;
D. laser instrument is started working, and Output of laser, laser see through the printing opacity template through light path system, optical splitter, expose to the working of plastics matrix surface, surface of plastic matrix absorbing laser energy, and surface of plastic matrix is elastomeric state or viscous state by glass transition;
E. when laser instrument was started working, according to the pressure size, by control system control, bottom base and top base compressed plastic substrate and printing opacity moulded board, when surface of plastic matrix is elastomeric state or viscous state by glass transition, and extruded plastic spare micro-structural;
F. behind the working of plastics micro-structural forming surface cooling curing, bottom base moves down to be opened discharger and takes off working of plastics, finishes a working cycles;
G. under control system control, the LASER HEATING extrusion molding processing work of repetitive cycling working of plastics.
5. the method for a kind of working of plastics microstructure forming device based on LASER HEATING according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the processing of working of plastics micro-structure forming is divided into working of plastics matrix and micro-structural processing two parts, after namely utilizing the moulds such as injection moulding, extrusion molding, compression moulding to finish working of plastics matrix shaping processing, micro-structural is finished processing and forming by the working of plastics matrix through the LASER HEATING extrusion molding apparatus.
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