CN102944798B - Negative-damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation distinguishing method - Google Patents
Negative-damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation distinguishing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative-damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation distinguishing method, relating to scheduling automation of a power system and safety operation of a power grid. The method comprises the following steps of: calculating energy flow direction factors of all generators and load branches based on data acquired by a power grid wide area measuring system (WAMS) when negative-damping low-frequency oscillation or forced power oscillation happens in the power grid; judging whether a definite external disturbance source exists in the power grid; if the definite external disturbance source exists, judging that a low-frequency oscillation mechanism is based on forced power oscillation; and if no external disturbance source exists, judging that the low-frequency oscillation mechanism is based on negative-damping low-frequency oscillation. The negative-damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation distinguishing method has the advantages that the basis is provided for the power dispatching department to take corresponding measures for rapidly inhibiting oscillation when the power grid has low-frequency oscillation; in addition, the calculating method is simple and feasible, high in calculating speed, capable of meeting the requirement of a real-time oscillation judgment mechanism of the power grid and strong in practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the safe operation of dispatching automation of electric power systems and electrical network, more specifically relate to and differentiate that electricity grid oscillating belongs to negative damping low-frequency oscillation, still belong to forced power oscillation.
Background technology
Can be there is relatively waving and causing persistent oscillation when lacking damping between rotor in electric system, surge frequency range at 0.1 ~ 2.5Hz, therefore is called low-frequency oscillation under disturbance.For the mechanism that low-frequency oscillation produces, what fairly perfect engineer applied was maximum in theory is that negative damping is theoretical, F.Demello equals within 1969, to use the concept of damping torque to carry out study mechanism to the low-frequency oscillation in unit one Infinite bus system, think that low-frequency oscillation Producing reason is because the excitation system of high-amplification-factor creates effect of negative damping, the positive damping that the system that counteracts is intrinsic, make the total damping of system very little or be negative, like this once there is disturbance, rotor divergent oscillation or vibration will be caused not to restrain.Low-frequency oscillation is easier to occur in the strip system of heavier loads, and except excitation system has considerable influence to system damping, the grid structure of system, the method for operation, part throttle characteristics and governor parameter all have larger impact to the damping of system oscillation.
Forced oscillation theory has good explanation to some actual generation oscillation of powers, more and more be subject to the approval of domestic and international experts and scholars, this theory think natural frequency that the frequency being subject to extraneous durations power disturbance when system vibrates close to system power time, significantly oscillation of power can be caused.Tang Yong in electric power network technique 2006,30 (10): 29-33 " basic theories of Forced Power Oscillation in Power System " delivered; Yang Dongjun etc. are in Automation of Electric Systems 2009,33(23): " the low-frequency oscillation Analysis on Mechanism based on WAMS metric data " that 24-28 delivers; And Yang Dongjun etc. is in Automation of Electric Systems 2011,35(10): in papers such as " synchronous generator asynchronous parallelizing cause THE ANALYSIS OF FORCED POWER OSCILLATION IN POWER SYSTEM " that 99-103 delivers, respectively by theoretical and electrical network actual case analysis, demonstrating for the most effective treatment measures of forced power oscillation is find rapidly and excise disturbing source.
Although negative damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation have the closely similar form of expression, because genesis mechanism is different, the braking measure of employing is not identical yet.In management and running, the measure of various enhancing system damping is mainly adopted to comprise for negative damping low-frequency oscillation: to reduce the meritorious output of relevant generator group, reduce the through-put power allotting interconnection between circuit or system, improve generator terminal voltage, voltage regulator is out of service, or reduction enlargement factor, put into operation PSS and various types of damping controllers etc.; The most direct effective method for suppression forced power oscillation is exactly find rapidly and excise disturbing source.Therefore, judging Oscillating Mechanism when vibrating and occurring rapidly according to oscillation characteristics, is the gordian technique and the prerequisite that suppress vibration fast, prevent vibration diffusion.
At present, when low-frequency oscillation occurs in electrical network, the method for there is no can be made the mechanism of vibration and judging in time, effectively, often relies on the experience of dispatcher to take measures, is difficult to fast, suppresses vibration in time.
Yang Dongjun etc. are in Automation of Electric Systems 2012,36(2): in " the forced power oscillation disturbance source locating method based on parameter identification " paper that 26-30 delivers, propose the disturbance source locating method of the forced power oscillation by solving the direction of energy flow factor to the parameter identification of oscillation data, main know-why is as follows:
For one machine infinity bus system, generator adopts second order classical model, and microvariations situation lower linear equation of rotor motion is:
（1）
In formula:
for inertia constant of a set,
for Generator Damping coefficient,
for power of disturbance variable quantity,
for electric power variable quantity,
for rotor angle skew,
for rotation speed change amount,
for reference frequency.
Carry out first integral to formula (1), the energy function that can obtain system is:
（2）
In formula:
Energetic function:
;
Potential-energy function:
;
Execute disturbance energy function outward:
;
Damping work energy function:
;
In the steady-state process of forced power oscillation, forcing frequency and system frequency approximately equal, execute disturbance acting now equal with system damping dissipation energy,
, kinetic energy and the potential energy of system are changed completely,
, system shows as undamped free oscillation.
The energy executing disturbance acting injected system is outward propagated in a network by potential energy, branch road L in system
i-ji hold potential-energy function be:
（3）
In formula:
for branch power variable quantity,
for branch road i holds frequency variation.
In the steady-state process of forced power oscillation, each quantity of state all periodically changes with forcing frequency, if
,
, wherein
,
be respectively branch power, frequency change amplitude,
,
for branch power, frequency change initial phase,
for forcing frequency; Substitute into (3) Shi Ke get:
（4）
In formula:
（5）
（6）
Execute disturbance injected system outward and the energy propagating consumption in a network embodies primarily of the aperiodic component of formula (4) and formula (6), will in literary composition
be defined as " the direction of energy flow factor ", the direction of energy flow factor can characterize size and the direction of aperiodic component in potential energy.When the direction of energy flow factor
time potential energy trend for flowing out node, when
time potential energy trend for flowing into node, the flow direction of Branch Potential Energy aperiodic component can be judged accordingly.Be the maximum hunting power output node of the direction of energy flow factor for forced oscillation disturbing source place node, its direction of energy flow factor is much larger than other nodes.
For negative damping low-frequency oscillation, execute disturbance energy function outward
, kinetic energy and the potential energy of system are changed completely,
, there is not obvious trend in potential-energy function in theory, the direction of energy flow factor of branch road
, simultaneously each node
value size relatively, can not resemble forced power oscillation disturbing source node
value is far longer than other nodes.
Wang Tie waits at China Power 2001 by force, and " study on the efficiency of Prony Algorithm Analysis low-frequency oscillation " delivered on 11 (34): 38-41 demonstrates the validity of Prony analytical approach in electricity grid oscillating is analyzed.Prony analytical approach based on trajectory directly carries out signal analysis to the data waveform of field notes, actual measurement path is considered as some frequency fix, the linear combination of the sinusoidal signal (mode of oscillation) that amplitude exponentially changes, its model representation is:
Wherein:
for the number of mode of oscillation; For
individual mode of oscillation,
for oscillation amplitude;
for damping factor;
for hunting angle frequency;
for initial phase.Thus identification problem is summarized as to each frequency, amplitude and ratio of damping.Prony algorithm can according to sampling obtain with
individual vibration cycle is that active power, nodal frequency and the leading oscillation frequency data of a group carry out parameter identification, and estimation obtains power magnitude, hunting of frequency amplitude, power initial phase and hunting of frequency initial phase under leading oscillation frequency pattern.Determining it is a kind of analytical approach preferably in oscillation characteristics, be widely used in engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of negative damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation method of discrimination, based on the direction of energy flow factor, the method can judge that the low-frequency oscillation of electrical network is still caused by negative damping mechanism by forced oscillation mechanism.In the steady-state process of vibration, although forced power oscillation has similar waveform character with negative damping low-frequency oscillation, but because the mechanism of production of two kinds of vibrations is different, forced power oscillation is caused by extraneous periodic disturbance, certainly exists clear and definite external disturbance source; And negative damping low-frequency oscillation is caused by system underdamping, there is not clear and definite external disturbance source.Therefore, whether there is clear and definite disturbing source according in vibration, can differentiate forced power oscillation and negative damping low-frequency oscillation.Clear physical concept of the present invention, easy to implement, reference can be provided for scheduling decision.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: when vibrating generation, based on the data that electrical network WAMS (WAMS) gathers, calculate the direction of energy flow factor of each generator and load branch circuit, judge whether there is clear and definite disturbing source in electrical network, and judge that Oscillating Mechanism is forced power oscillation or negative damping low-frequency oscillation accordingly.
A kind of negative damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation method of discrimination, the method comprises the following step:
A, to have
platform generator and
in the interchange interconnected network of individual load, each generator is connected branch road and load be connected branch road two ends with electrical network and all installs synchronous phasor measurement unit PMU with electrical network;
B, monitor the leading oscillation frequency of vibrating in electrical network when WAMS
, active power oscillations amplitude
, continue cycle
when all meeting low-frequency oscillation alarm threshold, send low-frequency oscillation alarm immediately;
After c, WAMS send low-frequency oscillation alarm, with
individual vibration cycle is one group, and each generator of sustained delivery is connected branch road and load are connected branch road active power with electrical network with electrical network
, frequency
and leading oscillation frequency
data, wherein: m=1,2,3 ..., M+N;
D, Prony method is adopted to be connected to generator branch road and load to be connected m article of branch road in branch road active power with electrical network with electrical network
, frequency
data carry out parameter identification, obtain leading oscillation frequency
under pattern, the power magnitude of branch road
, start node hunting of frequency amplitude
, power initial phase
, hunting of frequency initial phase
;
E, general
,
,
,
substitute into the direction of energy flow factor that following formula is asked each generator to be connected branch road and load with electrical network to be connected branch road with electrical network:
，
Wherein:
for reference angle frequency,
,
for electrical network reference frequency; Obtain generator and be connected branch road and load be connected m article of branch road in the branch road direction of energy flow factor with electrical network with electrical network
; Just be with poower flow egress direction, get generator and be connected branch road and load be connected grid side PMU collection point in branch road data with electrical network with electrical network and calculate, when the direction of energy flow factor
time, oscillation energy is from generator or load flow to electrical network; When
time, oscillation energy flows to generator or load from electrical network;
F, be located at generator and be connected branch road and load with electrical network and be connected total t the branch road direction of energy flow factor in branch road with electrical network and be less than 0(
), obtain generator and be connected branch road and load be connected direction of energy flow factor maximum absolute value in branch road branch road e with electrical network with electrical network,
represent the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road e,
, the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road e is connected branch road much larger than other generator with electrical network and load is connected branch road s(with electrical network
),
represent the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road s, when
time, Oscillating Mechanism is forced power oscillation, and disturbing source is positioned at generator or the load of branch road e connection; When the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of each branch road is substantially identical, Oscillating Mechanism is negative damping low-frequency oscillation.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, compared with existing low-frequency oscillation type identification method, by calculating the direction of energy flow factor, the present invention differentiates whether low-frequency oscillation has this essential characteristic of clear and definite disturbing source, distinguish the low-frequency oscillation that forced oscillation mechanism and negative damping Oscillating Mechanism cause, can when electrical network generation low-frequency oscillation for taking corresponding measure to suppress vibration to provide foundation fast in time.
2, computing method of the present invention are simple and easy to do, and computing velocity is fast, better can adapt to the requirement of electrical network real-time judge Oscillating Mechanism, practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of negative damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation method of discrimination schematic flow sheet.
Fig. 2 is electric system schematic diagram.
Wherein, G1, G2 ..., GM is the M platform generator in electrical network, L1, L2 ..., LN is the N number of load in electrical network; A1, A2 ..., AM is generator is connected generator side in branch road PMU monitoring point with electrical network, B1, B2 ..., BM is the PMU monitoring point of grid side; D1, D2 ..., DN is load is connected load side in branch road PMU monitoring point with electrical network, C1, C2 ..., CN is the PMU monitoring point of grid side.
Fig. 3 is 4 machine 2 district's electric system schematic diagram.
Wherein, G1, G2, G3, G4 are 4 generators in electrical network; PL1, PL2 are 2 loads in electrical network; T1, T2, T3, T4 are 4 transformers in electrical network; C7 and C9 is 2 capacitors in electrical network; 1,2 ..., 11 is the node in electrical network.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of negative damping low-frequency oscillation and forced power oscillation method of discrimination, the method comprises the following step:
A, to have
platform generator and
in the interchange interconnected network of individual load, each generator is connected branch road and load be connected branch road two ends with electrical network and all installs synchronous phasor measurement unit PMU with electrical network; As shown in Figure 2, A1, A2 in the connection branch road of generator and electrical network ..., AM is generator side PMU monitoring point, B1, B2 ..., BM is grid side PMU monitoring point; D1, D2 in the connection branch road of load and electrical network ..., DN is load side PMU monitoring point, C1, C2 ..., CN is grid side PMU monitoring point;
B, monitor the leading oscillation frequency of vibrating in electrical network when WAMS
, active power oscillations amplitude
, continue cycle
when all meeting low-frequency oscillation alarm threshold, send low-frequency oscillation alarm immediately;
After c, WAMS send low-frequency oscillation alarm, with
individual vibration cycle is one group, and each generator of sustained delivery is connected branch road and load are connected branch road active power with electrical network with electrical network
, frequency
and leading oscillation frequency
data, wherein: m=1,2,3 ..., M+N;
D, Prony method is adopted to be connected to generator branch road and load to be connected m article of branch road in branch road active power with electrical network with electrical network
, frequency
data carry out parameter identification, obtain leading oscillation frequency
under pattern, the power magnitude of branch road
, start node hunting of frequency amplitude
, power initial phase
, hunting of frequency initial phase
;
E, general
,
,
,
substitute into the direction of energy flow factor that following formula is asked each generator to be connected branch road and load with electrical network to be connected branch road with electrical network:
，
Wherein:
for reference angle frequency,
,
for electrical network reference frequency; Obtain generator and be connected branch road and load be connected m article of branch road in the branch road direction of energy flow factor with electrical network with electrical network
; Just be with poower flow egress direction, get generator and be connected branch road and load be connected grid side PMU collection point in branch road data with electrical network with electrical network and calculate, namely get the B1 of accompanying drawing Fig. 2, B2,, BM and C1, C2,, the metric data of CN side calculates, when the direction of energy flow factor
time, oscillation energy is from generator or load flow to electrical network; When
time, oscillation energy flows to generator or load from electrical network;
F, be located at generator and be connected branch road and load with electrical network and be connected total t the branch road direction of energy flow factor in branch road with electrical network and be less than 0(
), obtain generator and be connected branch road and load be connected direction of energy flow factor maximum absolute value in branch road branch road e with electrical network with electrical network,
represent the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road e,
, the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road e is connected branch road much larger than other generator with electrical network and load is connected branch road s(with electrical network
),
represent the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road s, when
time, Oscillating Mechanism is forced power oscillation, and disturbing source is positioned at generator or the load of branch road e connection; When the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of each branch road is substantially identical, Oscillating Mechanism is negative damping low-frequency oscillation.
If
, when low-frequency oscillation mechanism is forced power oscillation, generally
, namely
; When low-frequency oscillation mechanism is negative damping low-frequency oscillation, generally
;
Due to the complicacy of electric network composition and the diversity of operation of power networks, other situation also may occur, and method of discrimination is as follows:
When
, Oscillating Mechanism is forced power oscillation;
When
, Oscillating Mechanism is probably forced power oscillation;
When
, Oscillating Mechanism may be forced power oscillation;
When
, Oscillating Mechanism is negative damping low-frequency oscillation.
Embodiment two
When 4 machine 2 sound zone system generation low-frequency oscillation shown in accompanying drawing 3, apply a kind of negative damping low-frequency oscillation of the present invention and forced power oscillation method of discrimination to differentiate low-frequency oscillation mechanism, step is as follows:
A, in the interchange interconnected network shown in accompanying drawing Fig. 3, there are G1, G2, G3, G4 totally 4 genset and PL1, PL2 totally 2 loads.4 genset access node 1,2,3,4 respectively, 2 loads access node 7 and 9 respectively.In electrical network, all nodes and branch road are all equipped with PMU equipment, and after vibration occurs, data synchronization transmissions is to the WAMS of grid dispatching center.
B, there is when WAMS monitors in electrical network the alarm threshold that low-frequency oscillation meets setting, send low-frequency oscillation alarm immediately;
C, after WAMS sends oscillating alarm, node 1,2,3,4 end is gathered connection branch road 1-G1,2-G2,3-G3,4-G4 of generator G1, G2, G3, G4, and the active power of connection branch road 7-PL1,9-PL2 of load PL1, PL2 that node 7,9 end gathers, frequency and leading oscillation frequency data be that one group of sustained delivery is to routine analyzer with 5 cycles.
D, routine analyzer adopt Prony analytical approach to carry out parameter identification to the active power of each generator and load branch circuit and frequency data, obtain active power oscillations amplitude under leading oscillation frequency pattern
, hunting of frequency amplitude
, branch power initial phase
, hunting of frequency initial phase
.
Table 1 generator and load branch circuit parameter of oscillation identification result
。
E, by identification
,
,
,
result of calculation substitutes into the direction of energy flow factor that formula (5) solves each generator and load branch circuit
, power taking net reference frequency
hz, result of calculation is as follows:
Table 2 generator and load branch circuit direction of energy flow factor result of calculation
。
From table 2 result of calculation,
,
,
all be less than 0, illustrate that oscillation energy flows into grid nodes 1,2,4 respectively from generator G1, G2, G4;
,
,
all be greater than 0, illustrate that oscillation energy flows to generator G3 and load PL1 and PL2 respectively from node 3,7,9.
F, to be less than in the direction of energy flow factor 0 1-G1, in 2-G2,4-G4 branch road
,
250.67, then have
, namely illustrate that generator G1 is connected branch road direction of energy flow factor absolute value much larger than other branch roads with electrical network, generator G1 is the disturbing source of low-frequency oscillation, and Oscillating Mechanism is forced power oscillation.
Claims (2)
1. negative damping low-frequency oscillation and a forced power oscillation method of discrimination, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following step:
A, exchange in interconnected network what have M platform generator and a N number of load, each generator is connected branch road and load be connected branch road two ends with electrical network and all installs synchronous phasor measurement unit PMU with electrical network;
B, monitor leading oscillation frequency ω, the active power oscillations amplitude, ao P vibrated in electrical network when WAMS
t, the cycle n that continues is when all meeting low-frequency oscillation alarm threshold, sends low-frequency oscillation alarm immediately;
After c, WAMS send low-frequency oscillation alarm, be one group with n vibration cycle, each generator of sustained delivery is connected branch road and load are connected branch road active power Δ P with electrical network with electrical network
m, frequency Δ ω
mand the data of leading oscillation frequency ω, wherein: m=1,2,3 ..., M+N;
D, Prony method is adopted to be connected to generator branch road and load to be connected m article of branch road in branch road active power Δ P with electrical network with electrical network
m, frequency Δ ω
mdata carry out parameter identification, under obtaining leading oscillation frequency ω pattern, and the power magnitude Δ P of branch road
m12, start node hunting of frequency amplitude Δ ω
m1, power initial phase
hunting of frequency initial phase
E, by Δ P
m12, Δ ω
m1,
substitute into the direction of energy flow factor that following formula is asked each generator to be connected branch road and load with electrical network to be connected branch road with electrical network:
Wherein: ω
0for reference angle frequency, ω
0=2 π f
0, f
0for electrical network reference frequency; Obtain generator and be connected branch road and load be connected m article of branch road in branch road direction of energy flow factor b with electrical network with electrical network
m; Just be with poower flow egress direction, get generator and be connected branch road and load be connected grid side PMU collection point in branch road data with electrical network with electrical network and calculate, as direction of energy flow factor b
mduring < 0, oscillation energy is from generator or load flow to electrical network; Work as b
mduring > 0, oscillation energy flows to generator or load from electrical network;
F, be located at generator and be connected branch road and load with electrical network and be connected total t the branch road direction of energy flow factor in branch road with electrical network and be less than 0,1≤t≤M+N, obtain generator and be connected branch road and load be connected direction of energy flow factor maximum absolute value in branch road branch road e with electrical network with electrical network, | b
e| represent the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road e, | b
e|=max{|b
1|, b
2|,------, | b
t|, the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road e is connected branch road much larger than other generator with electrical network and load is connected branch road s with electrical network, s=1, and 2,------, and t, s ≠ e, | b
s| represent the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of branch road s, when | b
e| > > | b
s| time, Oscillating Mechanism is forced power oscillation, and disturbing source is positioned at generator or the load of branch road e connection; When the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of each branch road is substantially identical, Oscillating Mechanism is negative damping low-frequency oscillation.
2. a kind of negative damping low-frequency oscillation according to claim 1 and forced power oscillation method of discrimination, is characterized in that, if
when | b
e|>=80%|b
Σ| time, think | b
e| > > | b
s|; When | b
e| < 20%|b
Σ| time, think that the direction of energy flow factor absolute value of each branch road is substantially identical.
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| CN103116106B (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2015-05-20 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司 | Method for distinguishing free oscillation and forced oscillation of electric power system |
| CN103248071A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-14 | 国家电网公司 | Generator set low frequency oscillation monitoring method based on PMU measuring data |
| CN103645422B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of generating plant internal disturbance causes electrical network forced power oscillation on-line analysis |
| CN104467598B (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-05-24 | 南京英纳瑞电气有限公司 | Control method for generator low-frequency oscillation detection and splitting protection based on excitation regulator |
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| CN105243214B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2018-12-07 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of interconnected network forced power oscillation node sensitivity assessment method |
| CN105738772A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-07-06 | 东南大学 | Compulsory disturbance source positioning method based on power and frequency fluctuation phase |
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| CN108931721B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2021-04-06 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Generator damping property distinguishing method and device |
| CN107545253B (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2020-10-20 | 国网江西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Low-frequency oscillation monitoring method for power system |
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| CN110879354B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-11-19 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Generator set disturbance source positioning method based on FFT algorithm |
| CN111856176A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Low-frequency oscillation disturbance source identification method and system based on power grid cut set online search |
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