CN102916467A - Parallel connection converting switch of lithium-ion battery pack - Google Patents
Parallel connection converting switch of lithium-ion battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN102916467A CN102916467A CN2012103974143A CN201210397414A CN102916467A CN 102916467 A CN102916467 A CN 102916467A CN 2012103974143 A CN2012103974143 A CN 2012103974143A CN 201210397414 A CN201210397414 A CN 201210397414A CN 102916467 A CN102916467 A CN 102916467A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a parallel connection converting switch of a lithium-ion battery pack, which is used for realizing series connection and parallel connection of the lithium-ion battery packs in the use process; when two lithium-ion battery packs in the same volume are connected in series to be used, the operation is safe and reliable, and the requirement on each lithium-ion battery pack is low; when the two lithium-ion battery packs in the same volume are converted to be connected in series and used, terminal voltages of the two lithium-ion battery packs are required to be the same, when the two lithium-ion battery packs in the same volume are connected in series and the terminal voltages of the two lithium-ion battery packs are different, the lithium-ion battery pack in a low voltage is charged by the lithium-ion battery pack in a high voltage, a large current will be generated, and then the insecurity is caused; and according to the parallel connection converting switch of the lithium-ion battery pack, a positive electrode of each lithium-ion battery pack is in series connection with a diode, the lithium-ion battery packs are in forward connection, and the two lithium-ion battery packs cannot be charged by each other, so that the safety and reliability in the operation are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the using method of lithium ion battery group, relate in particular to the using method in parallel of lithium ion battery group.
Background technology
Paper: a guest, Guo Lian converts, Cui Zhongbin, Xie Yongcai. the voltage characteristic of used for electric vehicle power lithium-ion battery [J]. and battery industry, 2009,14 (6): 398-403.A kind of LiMn of being conceived to is disclosed
2O
4Lithium ion battery and LiFePO
4Lithium ion battery take 4 kinds of domestic power lithium-ion batteries as object, has carried out test and study to its voltage characteristic in the application in electric powered motor field.Result of study shows: LiMn
2O
4Lithium ion battery and LiFePO
4The voltage characteristic of lithium ion battery has marked difference; Low temperature is to LiFePO
4The voltage characteristic of lithium ion battery has a significant impact; The PNGV model is applicable to LiFePO
4The voltage characteristic emulation of lithium ion battery under dynamic pulse electric current operating mode.
Because the existence of battery concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization phenomenon, lithium-ion battery monomer constant-current discharge process voltage always is lower than 0CV (open circuit voltage); The voltage height overall is in 0CV in the constant current charge process; The highest cut-ff voltage 4.2V.3.3V50Ah the internal resistance of lithium ion battery is less than 5m Ω; 3.3V150Ah the internal resistance of lithium ion battery is less than 1.5m Ω.
Paper: just super, neat platinum, Du Xiaowei. electric automobile lithium ion battery group discordance analysis [J]. scientific and technical innovation Leader, 2009 (25): 112-113.Disclosing a kind of lithium ion battery inconsistency is the important indicator that affects its use, be to analyze the inconsistency of lithium battery, 8Ah lithium ion battery group is carried out 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C discharge and recharge experiment under the normal temperature.Experimental result shows: the inconsistency of lithium battery group is apparent in view; A kind of method based on the whole dispersion of lithium battery group and monomer dispersion analysis lithium battery group inconsistency has been proposed.
When the ceiling voltage of cell reached 4.3V, charging stopped.When the minimum voltage of cell reached 3V in the battery pack, discharge stopped.
Paper: Xu Kecheng, the Changqing, osmanthus. the difference of lithium ion single battery and battery pack [J]. battery, 2011,41 (6): 315-318.The specific energy that discloses a kind of low capacity lithium ion single battery reaches 140Wh/kg, and the cycle life of extrapolated forecasting method reaches 1000 times, and the large-capacity power type lithium ion battery pack is far short of what is expected by comparison.Reason is: lithium ion battery is responsive to end of charge voltage, and final voltage differs 2.4% will cause the variation that battery pack cycle life is very large; The difference of cell can only reduce and can not eliminate in the battery pack.The key that solves above-mentioned difference is not packaging technology, but will strengthen the basic research of lithium ion battery.
Paper: Yu Shenjun, Zhou Yongchao, Lee congratulates, Chen Zhikui. and internal resistance difference is on the impact [J] of lithium ion battery group security performance. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2010,61 (11): 2960-2964.A kind of impact of internal resistance difference on different connected mode lithium ion battery group security performances of having studied disclosed.Test result shows, along with increasing of cycle-index, the internal resistance value of internal resistance difference battery increases gradually, and case temperature raises gradually, and discharge capacity constantly decays, and then causes the resistance otherness constantly to increase, and finally this battery lost efficacy.Failure cause is the phenomenon of overcharging that this monocell that the internal resistance value difference causes occurs.Studies show that, internal resistance difference is the key factor that affects the battery pack security performance.Compare with other monocells, the security performance of the monocell that internal resistance difference is larger in the battery pack is poorer, and the security performance of parallel way is better than series system in the connected mode.
Application number is 201010229566.3, denomination of invention discloses a kind of battery pack and grouping method thereof, electric motor car for the patent of " battery pack and grouping method thereof, electric motor car ".Wherein, this battery pack comprises two above battery cells, also comprises: electrode connecting parts is connected between the pole of each battery cell; Signal processing circuit board is arranged on two above battery cell places, and is connected in electrode connecting parts; Central management unit is connected with signal processing circuit board.By the present invention, can make the more compact structure of battery pack.
The battery pack of using on the electric automobile generally all is cell to be carried out connection in series-parallel use, improve voltage, increase capacity and satisfy instructions for use to reach, in existing published technical scheme, the electrokinetic cell that uses on the electric automobile has lead-acid battery, lithium battery, described lithium battery is lithium ion battery, and ferric phosphate lithium cell etc. is arranged, battery pack adopts the fixing mode of operation of a kind of syndeton, in the course of the work battery pack is no longer carried out connection in series-parallel and reconfigures.Lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel is used for realizing that lithium ion battery group series, parallel in use connects; The use of can connecting in use of two identical lithium ion battery groups of capacity, safety, reliable, less demanding to each battery pack; The identical lithium ion battery group of two capacity is when being transformed in parallel the use, requirement to each battery pack is very high, require the terminal voltage of described two battery pack identical, if the terminal voltage of described two lithium ion battery groups is not identical, when parallel connection, high-tension lithium ion battery group can produce large electric current to the lithium ion battery group charging of low-voltage, brings insecurity; The present invention adopts the anodal series diode of each lithium ion battery group, forward connects, and makes between two lithium ion battery groups and can not charge mutually, has realized safe, reliable in the work.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, electric automobile requires voltage high when running at high speed; When low speed driving, require voltage low, and realize that the method for low-voltage is by the copped wave to constant-direct current voltage, constant direct current is chopped into pulse direct current, the galvanic duty of regulating impulse is recently realized the requirement of transformation; Battery pack used in the present invention is the series connection of the identical battery pack of two block specifications, when duty ratio is 50% left and right sides, output voltage is that the effective value of the operating voltage on the motor is about half of series voltage of the identical battery pack of described two block specifications, the voltage that is about the monoblock battery group, voltage when being about the identical battery pack of described two block specifications in parallel, current peak is about 2 times of effective value of electric current, ripple contain factor occurs; When adopting the identical battery pack of described two block specifications in parallel, when duty ratio is 100%, output voltage is the voltage of the operating voltage on the motor when being about the identical battery pack of described two block specifications in parallel, also be the voltage of described monocell group, current peak is the effective value of electric current, the pulse free factor.Therefore, when the effective value of motor operating voltage is lower than the voltage of described monocell group, can be by adopting the parallel connection of the identical battery pack of described two block specifications, increased duty ratio, the peak value of motor lines electric current is just little, and the ripple contain factor of electromagnetic force is just little, has reduced ripple contain factor.When electric automobile travelled at the large load of low speed, such as operating modes such as starting, climbings, requirement was that low speed, large torque are large electric current, realize that the operating mode of low speed is exactly low-voltage.So when the low speed operating mode, adopt the parallel connection of battery pack to make to obtain low-voltage; For two identical lithium ion battery groups, its internal resistance is very little, normally several milliohms, when being connected in parallel, when the voltage of two battery pack not simultaneously, the batteries charging that the battery pack that voltage is large is low to voltage, can produce large electric current, power-supply management system be lost efficacy and generation danger.When adopting lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel to carry out being connected in parallel of battery pack, just can not produce the charging phenomenon between battery, both protect battery pack, satisfy again the requirement of using.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel, by switch, diode forms, it is characterized in that, two ends of switch connect binding post, two ends of battery pack connect binding post, two ends of diode connect binding post, described battery pack is the identical battery pack of two block specifications [E1], battery pack [E2], described diode is diode [D1], diode [D2], the positive pole of battery pack [E1] connects the anode of diode [D1] by switch [K4], the positive pole of battery pack [E2] connects the anode of diode [D2], diode [D1] by switch [K5], the negative electrode of diode [D2] all is connected to the upper output that forms of binding post [W2]; The negative pole of described battery pack [E1] connects the positive pole of battery pack [E2] by switch [K2]; The positive pole of described battery pack [E1] is connected on the binding post [W2] by switch [K6], and the positive pole of described battery pack [E2] is connected on the binding post [W2] by switch [K7]; The negative pole of described battery pack [E1] is connected by switch [K3] with the negative pole of described battery pack [E2].
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described battery pack [E1] is the lithium ion battery group, and described battery pack [E2] is the lithium ion battery group.
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: the negative pole of described battery pack [E2] is connected to earth terminal.
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described switch is change over switch, and described switch is relay, and described switch is noncontacting switch, and described switch is contact switch, and described switch is knife switch.
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described diode [D1] is that negative electrode links to each other with described diode [D2].
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: for described battery pack [E1] and described battery pack [E2] being connected by described diode [D1] and described diode [D2], described diode [D1] and described diode [D2], one is forward, another is reverse.
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described battery pack [E1] and described battery pack [E2], owing to connecting by diode and can not mutually charging, can only discharge.
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described switch [K6] and the branch circuit parallel connection of switch [K4] through diode [D1]; Described switch [K7] and the branch circuit parallel connection of switch [K5] through diode [D2].
According to described lithium ion battery group change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: the electric current that described switch [K6] passes through is large, and switch [K4] is little with the electric current of diode [D1]; The electric current that described switch [K7] passes through is large, and switch [K5] is little with the electric current of diode [D2].
Advantageous effect of the present invention:
Lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel, when the identical lithium ion battery group parallel connection of described two block specifications, and terminal voltage is not when identical, the lithium ion battery group that voltage is high is charged to the low lithium ion battery group of voltage, when charging, the lithium ion battery group that described two block specifications are identical always have one to be Opposite direction connection in two diodes, so can not be charged mutually; When connecting load, the lithium ion battery group that two block specifications are identical is respectively load discharge, because the resistance of load is far longer than the internal resistance of battery pack, so that the terminal voltage of described two battery pack is near identical; Turn on-switch [K6], switch [K7], because the forward drop of diode [D1], diode [D2] is greatly about about 0.7V, the contact resistance of switch is very little, so diminish by the electric current of diode [D1], diode [D2], most of electric current is by switch [K6], switch [K7].When adopting lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel to carry out being connected in parallel of the identical lithium ion battery group of specification, just can not produce the charging phenomenon between battery, both protect battery pack, satisfy again the requirement of using.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is work schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the initial work schematic diagrames in parallel of two battery pack of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the in parallel schematic diagrames of two battery pack of the present invention when load is arranged.
In the accompanying drawing: 1, binding post [W4]; 2, battery pack [E1]; 3, switch [K4]; 4, binding post [W3]; 5, binding post [W7]; 6, switch [K6]; 7, switch [K1]; 8, diode [D1]; 9, binding post [W1]; 10, binding post [W2]; 11, diode [D2]; 12, binding post [W8]; 13, switch [K7]; 14, switch [K5]; 15, switch [K2]; 16, binding post [W6]; 17, battery pack [E2]; 18, switch [K3]; 19, binding post [W5]; 20, earth terminal.
Lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel, shown in accompanying drawing 1,2,3, the rated current of binding post [W1]-binding post [W8] is 300A; Switch [K4] the 3rd, change over switch, switch [K6] the 6th, change over switch, switch [K1] the 7th, change over switch, switch [K7] the 13rd, change over switch, switch [K5] the 14th, change over switch, switch [K3] the 18th, change over switch, switch [K2] the 15th, change over switch, the rated current of switch [K1]-switch [K7] is 300A, and described change over switch is relay, and described change over switch is noncontacting switch, described change over switch is contact switch, described change over switch is knife switch, and the rated current of diode [D1], diode [D2] is 300A, and reverse voltage is greater than 150V; Described battery pack [E1], battery pack [E2] are the lithium ion batteries of same size, and the specification of described battery pack [E1], battery pack [E2] is the 48V150Ah lithium ion battery; Earth terminal 20 is 0 voltage, and earth terminal 20 is minus earth ends.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Assembly relation:
The negative pole of battery pack [E1] 2 is connected to binding post [W4] 1, and the positive pole of battery pack [E1] 2 is connected to binding post [W3] 4; The positive pole of battery pack [E2] 17 is connected to binding post [W6] 16, and the negative pole of battery pack [E2] 17 is connected to binding post [W5] 19, and binding post [W5] 19 is connected to earth terminal 20.
The anodic bonding of diode [D1] 8 is to binding post [W7] 5, and the negative electrode of diode [D1] 8 is connected to binding post [W2] 10; The anodic bonding of diode [D2] 11 is to binding post [W8] 12, and the negative electrode of diode [D2] 11 is connected to binding post [W2] 10.Diode [D1] 8 is connected with diode [D2] 11 common cathodes, and when two battery pack formed the loop by diode, it was Opposite direction connection that a diode wherein must be arranged.
Connecting valve [K3] 18 between binding post [W4] 1 and binding post [W5] 19, connecting valve [K2] 15 between binding post [W4] 1 and binding post [W6] 16, connecting valve [K4] 3 between binding post [W3] 4 and binding post [W7] 5, connecting valve [K6] 6 between binding post [W3] 4 and binding post [W2] 10, connecting valve [K1] 7 between binding post [W3] 4 and binding post [W1] 9, connecting valve [K5] 14 between binding post [W6] 16 and binding post [W8] 12, connecting valve [K7] 13 between binding post [W6] 16 and binding post [W2] 10.
Design principle of the present invention is as follows:
Battery pack of the present invention is two 48V150Ah lithium ion battery groups, and the present invention is fit to the parallel connection of the lithium ion battery group of all size; Be particularly suitable for the series and parallel conversion of the lithium ion battery group of electric coach, especially be fit to the series and parallel conversion of two 270V300Ah lithium ion battery groups of electric coach.Electric automobile requires voltage high when running at high speed; When low speed driving, require voltage low, and realize that the method for voltage-regulation is by the copped wave to constant-direct current voltage, constant direct current is chopped into pulse direct current, the galvanic duty of regulating impulse is recently realized the requirement of transformation; When two 48V150Ah lithium ion battery group series connection, the voltage magnitude of power supply is about the direct current of 96V, when duty ratio is 100%, output voltage is that the operating voltage on the motor is about 96V, the rotating speed of motor is about 900rpm, the speed of a motor vehicle is about 80km/h, and current peak is the effective value of electric current, the pulse free factor; When duty ratio was 50%, output voltage was that the operating voltage on the motor is about 48V, and the rotating speed of motor is about 450rpm, and the speed of a motor vehicle is about 40km/h, and current peak is about 2 times of the effective values of electric current, ripple contain factor occurs; When two 48V150Ah lithium ion battery groups are in parallel, the voltage magnitude of power supply is about the direct current of 48V, when duty ratio is 100%, output voltage is that the operating voltage on the motor is about 48V, the rotating speed of motor is about 450rpm, the speed of a motor vehicle is about 40km/h, and current peak is about the effective value of electric current, the pulse free factor.When 2 groups of 48V cell parallels uses, ampere-hour is counted increase and is become two times of relations, and specification is 48V300Ah.When electric automobile travelled at the large load of low speed, such as operating modes such as starting, climbings, requirement was that low speed, large torque are large electric current.The voltage balance equation of motor is: U=E+ Δ U+IR
d, U supply voltage (V) in the formula, R
dBe effective internal resistance (Ω) of motor, E is average back electromotive force, and Δ U is the total losses voltages, can ignore, and the voltage balance equation of motor is about: U=E+IR
d, be labeled as 1..The rotor of motor can the generation back electromotive force be E=K in magnetic field when rotated
E2. ω is labeled as, K in the formula
EBe the electromotive force coefficient, ω is the angular speed of motor; The output torque is: M
q=K
M3. I is labeled as, K in the formula
MBe moment coefficient, I is winding phase current (A), operating current.When not considering dimension, the electromotive force COEFFICIENT K
EWith moment coefficient K
MNumerical value equate.By formula 1., 2. can get, back electromotive force E is that rotating speed is directly proportional with the angular velocity omega of motor, and when low speed, E diminishes, and IR
dBecome large, R
dSubstantially constant, so it is large that electric current I becomes, and 3. can be got torque M by formula
qIncrease, when load was constant, E diminished, and IR
dConstant large, so, can only be that voltage U diminishes.The operating mode that realizes low speed is exactly low-voltage, when described lithium ion battery group series connection, operating voltage is 96V, the duty ratio of pulse voltage is just little, the peak value of motor lines electric current is just large, the ripple contain factor of electromagnetic force is just large, when described lithium ion battery group is in parallel, the battery specification is 48V300Ah, and operating voltage is 48V, and the duty ratio of pulse voltage is just large, the peak value of motor lines electric current is just little, the ripple contain factor of electromagnetic force is just little, so when the low speed operating mode, adopt the parallel connection of battery pack to make to obtain low-voltage; When climbing waits the large load of low speed, require torque M
qGreatly, by 3. being got by formula, electric current I is large, and when being operated in heavy-current discharge, the capacity of 300Ah is better than the capacity of 150Ah.For two identical lithium ion battery groups, the lithium ion battery of 48V150Ah, its internal resistance is very little, and internal resistance＜5m Ω is usually about 2m Ω, the lithium ion battery group of 48V150Ah is being converted to when being connected in parallel, when the voltage difference of two battery pack, as voltage phase difference 1V, when internal resistance is 2m Ω, the momentary charge electric current will be up to 500A, power-supply management system was lost efficacy and makes the battery large current charge and produces danger.When adopting lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel to carry out being connected in parallel of battery pack, just can not produce the charging phenomenon between battery, both protect battery pack, satisfy again the requirement of using.
Lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel, can be obtained by accompanying drawing 2, for described lithium ion battery group [E1] and described lithium ion battery group [E2], because the positive pole of described battery pack all forward connects described diode, described diode [D1] is that negative electrode links to each other with described diode [D2], one is forward, another is reverse, in described battery pack [E1] and described battery pack [E2] because terminal voltage is different by a described battery pack during to another described batteries charging, it is reverse that a described diode is always arranged, so just can not charge, play the effect of protection; The negative electrode of described diode [D1] and described diode [D2] links together and is connected to the upper output that forms of binding post [W2], described battery pack [E1] and described battery pack [E2] are for described binding post [W2], and described diode [D1] all is forward conduction with described diode [D2].Can be obtained by accompanying drawing 3, described switch [K6] connects binding post [W3] and binding post [W2], one end of described switch [K4] connects binding post [W3], the other end connects the anode of described diode [D1], described diode [D1] negative electrode connects binding post [W2], like this, the branch circuit parallel connection of K6 and K4 and D1; Described switch [K7] connects binding post [W6] and binding post [W2], one end of described switch [K5] connects binding post [W6], and the other end connects the anode of described diode [D2], and described diode [D2] negative electrode connects binding post [W2], like this, the branch circuit parallel connection of K7 and K5 and D2.Turn on-switch [K6], switch [K7], because the forward drop of diode [D1], diode [D2] is greatly about about 0.7V, the contact resistance of switch is very little, so diminish by the electric current of diode [D1], diode [D2], most of electric current is by switch [K6], switch [K7].
When adopting lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel to carry out being connected in parallel of battery pack, just can not produce the charging phenomenon between battery, both protect battery pack, satisfy again the requirement of using.
Claims (9)
1. lithium ion battery group of the present invention change over switch in parallel, by switch, diode forms, it is characterized in that, two ends of switch connect binding post, two ends of battery pack connect binding post, two ends of diode connect binding post, described battery pack is the identical battery pack of two block specifications [E1], battery pack [E2], described diode is diode [D1], diode [D2], the positive pole of battery pack [E1] connects the anode of diode [D1] by switch [K4], the positive pole of battery pack [E2] connects the anode of diode [D2], diode [D1] by switch [K5], the negative electrode of diode [D2] all is connected to the upper output that forms of binding post [W2]; The negative pole of described battery pack [E1] connects the positive pole of battery pack [E2] by switch [K2]; The positive pole of described battery pack [E1] is connected on the binding post [W2] by switch [K6], and the positive pole of described battery pack [E2] is connected on the binding post [W2] by switch [K7]; The negative pole of described battery pack [E1] is connected by switch [K3] with the negative pole of described battery pack [E2].
2. lithium ion battery group according to claim 1 change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described battery pack [E1] is the lithium ion battery group, described battery pack [E2] is the lithium ion battery group.
3. lithium ion battery group according to claim 1 change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: the negative pole of described battery pack [E2] is connected to earth terminal.
4. lithium ion battery group according to claim 1 change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described switch is change over switch, and described switch is relay, and described switch is noncontacting switch, described switch is contact switch, and described switch is knife switch.
5. lithium ion battery group according to claim 1 change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: described diode [D1] is that negative electrode links to each other with described diode [D2].
6. lithium ion battery group according to claim 5 change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: for described battery pack [E1] and described battery pack [E2] being connected by described diode [D1] and described diode [D2], described diode [D1] and described diode [D2], one is forward, another is reverse.
7. lithium ion battery group according to claim 6 change over switch in parallel is characterized in that: described battery pack [E1] and described battery pack [E2], owing to connecting and can not mutually charge by diode, can only discharge.
8. lithium ion battery group according to claim 1 change over switch in parallel is characterized in that: described switch [K6] and the branch circuit parallel connection of switch [K4] through diode [D1]; Described switch [K7] and the branch circuit parallel connection of switch [K5] through diode [D2].
9. lithium ion battery group according to claim 8 change over switch in parallel, it is characterized in that: the electric current that described switch [K6] passes through is large, and switch [K4] is little with the electric current of diode [D1]; The electric current that described switch [K7] passes through is large, and switch [K5] is little with the electric current of diode [D2].
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105518924A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-04-20 | 索尼公司 | Battery apparatus and electric vehicle |
| CN109417299A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-03-01 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Energy storage device for automobile |
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| CN102570777A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-07-11 | 索尼公司 | Series-parallel switching system, electric power supply device and electric power supply control device |
| CN202948992U (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-05-22 | 枣庄学院 | Parallel-connection change-over switch of lithium-ion battery packs |
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| US5760570A (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 1998-06-02 | Sony Corporation | Rechargeable battery apparatus |
| US20090085515A1 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-02 | Gillette Company, The | Circuit arrangement with multiple batteries |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105518924A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-04-20 | 索尼公司 | Battery apparatus and electric vehicle |
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| CN109417299A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-03-01 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Energy storage device for automobile |
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Application publication date: 20130206 |