CN102901564A - Complementary-measurement time resolution single-photon spectrum counting imaging system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a complementary-measurement time resolution single-photon spectrum counting imaging system and method. The system consists of an optical portion and an electric portion, the optical portion images light on a spatial light modulator, light is modulated and then emitted to two arm directions to be aligned and split, and the electric portion completes detection, control, calculation and the like. The method includes that invisible light and near infrared single-photon detector linear arrays simultaneously detect spectrums of emergent light of two arms of the spatial light modulator, one arm detects visible light spectrum while the other arm detects near infrared spectrum, complementary measurement, maximum luminous flux and high sensitivity can be realized; picosecond time resolution of a periodic object is realized by means of time amplitude variation or delay gate width counting, and second time resolution of a non-periodic object is realized by means of measurement frame by frame; color video frame sequences of visible light and near infrared light can be obtained simultaneously by means of associated compression sensing algorithm according to matrix complementation, and imaging quality is improved while imaging speed is increased; and time resolution spectrograms are counted up for spectral analysis.

Description

A kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system and method for complementary measurement

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of Time-resolved imaging spectrum, particularly a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement counting imaging system and method.

Background technology

At Time-resolved imaging spectrum, biotic component detects, starry sky is surveyed, night vision, remotely sensed image, imaging of medical, the high-tech areas such as field such as quantum dot imaging, present stage is more and more obvious to the demand that can survey simultaneously to time resolution visible light and near infrared light spectrum, traditional Time-resolved imaging spectrometer has spatial resolution and temporal resolution can't satisfy defective simultaneously in addition, and imaging and spectrum generally need two specialized equipment equipment just can finish, the responding range of spectrum is also very limited, this just needs a kind of new Time-resolved imaging system to improve temporal resolution, spatial resolution and spectral resolution, and survey when realizing visible light and near infrared light.

The present invention is based on the improvement and bring new ideas of previous work.In this field, this research institute has a patent " a kind of time-resolved extreme-low-light multispectral imaging system and method " (application number or the patent No.: 201110328748.0, applicant or patentee: Space Sci. ﹠ Application Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences), this patent is that the forefathers of this institute work, purpose is to do time resolution utmost point low light level multispectral imaging, it is characterized in that, this system only is provided with the single photon counter linear array in the single armed exit direction of spatial light modulator, lost the luminous flux of half, only the visible light composition of object of observation is done other time resolution utmost point low light level multispectral imaging of single-photon-level, the time resolution scheme that it provides relies on trigger to realize, the time resolution low precision, can only reach a second level, and only can do the imaging analysis, and can not provide time resolved spectroscopy figure, algorithm speed is slow, image quality is relatively poor, can't tackle high-resolution testing image.For solving above a series of problem, the present invention proposes a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system and method for complementary measurement, survey realization complementary measurement and minimum loss of light with both arms, visible light and the near infrared light spectral component of while detecting object, detector adopts the single-photon detector linear array of visible light and near infrared light, highly sensitive, and with the time amplitude variation change or the mode of the counting gate-width of delaying time realizes picosecond time-resolved to utmost point low light level object, obtain simultaneously the color video frame sequence of visible light and near infrared light with the compressed sensing algorithm of association, image quality and speed have been improved, count time resolved spectroscopy figure so that spectral analysis, will be at Time-resolved imaging spectrum, biologic medical, play a significant role in the fields such as quantum dot imaging.

Light spectrum image-forming is the important technology that obtains and show accurate colouring information, and one of reason is that spectrum picture has comprised spectral information, and former two is that the light spectrum image-forming technology has overcome the metamerism phenomenon well therefore.Light spectrum image-forming to utmost point low light level object has wide practical use at multiple fields especially.

So-called time resolution is exactly the interval on dimension resolving time, and ultrahigh time resolution namely refers in the transient process of observing physics and chemistry and can differentiate its time, in liquid phase, a lot of physics and chemistry processes, such as transfer, excited state molecule collision predissociation, energy transmission and the fluorescence lifetime of the cis-trans isomerization of molecule and directed relaxation, electric charge and proton and electronics solvation etc. in water, only need 10 ^-8Second just can finish, only have the analytical instrument of the time resolution precision by psec just might observe in time the process that these are exceedingly fast.The TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE of main flow mainly contains fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), two-photon fluorescence life-span micro-imaging, fluorescence lifetime correlation spectrum (FCS) technology and various dimensions fluorescence lifetime microtechnic.In the present invention, just want within the extremely short time interval, to carry out photon detection.

Photon counting imaging is exactly a kind of utmost point weak light detection technology, and by being recorded as the photon counting of image position, counting is equivalent to intensity signal, so obtain the space distribution situation of light intensity, add up at last piece image, generally adopt low light level bin detector, such as ICCD, EMCCD, APDs etc.The bin detector certain hour (integral time) that when the utmost point low light level is surveyed, need to expose, average luminous flux to unit picture element is minimum, adds and calculates mentally several impacts, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is relatively poor, the extremely difficult light intensity value that drops on this pixel of accurately calculating has the problem of sensitivity.Wherein ICCD, EMCCD are known as and can accomplish single photon detection, but need degree of depth semiconductor refrigerating, cost is expensive, the ICCD spatial resolution is relatively poor, the time resolution precision reaches the nanosecond rank, and the EMCCD spatial resolution is slightly good, but time resolution only reaches a millisecond magnitude, and the common issue with of existence all is to be difficult under the low light level noise of instrument is controlled or linear output; And APDs can be operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer, but still be in conceptual phase, and high-precision APD array is difficult to make and flow, the APD array that Lincoln laboratory is externally announced also only has 64 * 256 pixels, and to China's embargo, and present APD array wavelength response range is very limited, only in visual wave band reach the quantum efficiency peak value, because each pixel is minimum, the necessary mean allocation of luminous flux is on whole array, and the impact of shot noise will become very remarkable so.

Wave bands such as that although the response spectrum scope of present single photon detection element has covered is infrared, visible lights, for single single photon detection element, its response spectrum narrow range generally is used for surveying the light of single-frequency.Present a plurality of single photon detection element linear makes up, and just can be used to survey the light of a plurality of wavelength, can do spectral analysis.

Described compressed sensing (Compressive Sensing, abbreviation CS) theory is a brand-new mathematical theory that is proposed by people such as Donoho, Candes and Tao, realization comes ideally restoring signal with the mode of stochastic sampling, still less data sampling number (far below the limit of Nyquist/Shannon's sampling theorem), and has more high robust.This principle elder generation compression sampling is sampled by higher-dimension measured signal to the low-dimensional mapping and to it, choose suitable sparse transformation framework Ψ, so that x is through Ψ conversion gained vector

Be sparse, then according to observation data y, measurement matrix A and framework Ψ, find the solution

At last by

Be finally inversed by x.

Described spatial light modulator (Spatial Light Modulator, be called for short SLM) be that a class can load on information on the optical data field of one dimension or bidimensional, under the control of time dependent electric drive signal or other signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that can modulate photodistributed intensity on the space, light by the angle incident of spatial light modulator regulation can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, the general state that adopts two-value to characterize reflection direction, common spatial light modulator has Digital Micromirror Device, liquid crystal light valve, frosted glass etc.Wherein, Digital Micromirror Device (Digital Micro-mirror Device is called for short DMD) is the most accurate in the world photoswitch.The core of DMD is installed in the micro mirror array that the micro-reflector on the hinge forms (DMD of main flow is by 1024 * 768 array formation by thousands of, maximum can be to 2048 * 1152), each eyeglass is of a size of 14 μ m * 14 μ m(or 16 μ m * 16 μ m) and light that can a pixel of break-make, these micro mirrors are all suspending, by the storage unit under each eyeglass is carried out electronic addressing with the scale-of-two planed signal, just can allow each eyeglass tilt to both sides with electrostatic means, this two states is designated as 1 and 0, respectively corresponding " opening " and " pass ", when eyeglass was not worked, they were in " berthing " state of 0 °.Can be with the principle of incident light to the both direction reflection based on spatial light modulator, at two arm reflection directions visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are set respectively, obtain simultaneously visible light half-tone information and near infrared light half-tone information with this, have fabulous development prospect.

How to realize the high-quality image-forming spectral measurement to utmost point low light level object, how to evade mechanical scanning to the restriction of imaging resolution, how to reduce dimension and the measurement scale measured, how to improve the time resolution precision, this proposes new challenge to imaging spectral, the present invention remedies the defective of prior art on signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with high flux, survey the observation that realizes visible light and near infrared light with both arms, with the time amplitude variation technology of changing or count gate-width time-delay obtain Picosecond, use the compressed sensing theory to improve image quality and reduce the measurement scale.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to, for solving visible light and the near infrared light composition changes in distribution situation spatially of simultaneously time resolution ground observed objects, improve temporal resolution, spatial resolution and spectral resolution, with satisfied tight demand to the biological transient changing process observation of physical chemistry, thereby the time resolution single photon spectrum that proposes a kind of complementary measurement is counted imaging system and method.

The present invention is in conjunction with compressed sensing theory, complementary measurement technology, TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE and spectrum light splitting technology, both arms are surveyed, and utilize related compressed sensing algorithm to reconstruct the visible light of object of observation and color video frame sequence and the time resolved spectroscopy figure of near infrared light composition.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system of complementary measurement, it is characterized in that, described system comprises:

Pulsed laser, optical imagery parts, spatial light modulator, first group of receipts optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part, second group of receipts optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part, visible light single-photon detector linear array, near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, hyperchannel counter, randomizer, system control platform, reading and writing data storer and processing module;

Described pulsed laser excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence lifetime has certain transient state, this fluorescence is imaged on the described spatial light modulator via the optical imagery parts, be subjected to its random optical modulation after emergent light be assigned on the two arm directions with certain probability;

Receive optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part and visible light single-photon detector linear array and be arranged on the first arm direction, be used for surveying visible light and export some pulse waveforms for described first group; Receive optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array and be arranged on the second arm direction, be used for surveying near infrared light spectrum and export some pulse waveforms for described second group;

Described multi channel detector links to each other with near infrared light single-photon detector linear array with described visible light single-photon detector linear array and receives input pulse waveform wherein, and waveform is carried out filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number;

Described system control platform sends instruction to randomizer, and the running of control whole system;

The output terminal of described randomizer links to each other with the input end of spatial light modulator, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, with the random measurement Output matrix after processing to spatial light modulator;

Described reading and writing data storer is stored the random measurement matrix on some batch total numerical value, time dimension information, passage corresponding wavelength information and the randomizer on the hyperchannel counter;

Described processing module, be used for adopting restructing algorithm to reconstruct the visible light of object of observation and color video frame sequence and the time resolved spectroscopy figure of near infrared light composition according to the information of reading and writing data memory stores, and then Time-resolved imaging on any wavelengths of interest is analyzed.

In the technique scheme, described visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are operated in the linear array that the single photon point probe under the Geiger mode angular position digitizer forms by several corresponding different wave lengths, can select respectively at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band the single photon point detecting element of several corresponding different wave lengths, described visible light single-photon detector linear array and the residing position of near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are interchangeable, and described visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array detection mode employing fiber optic collimator or Free-space coupling.

In the technique scheme, described system also comprises chronotron;

Described hyperchannel counter further comprises: counting module and the time width of cloth conversion module, be used for realizing counting and time resolution function; When adopting photon mode time of arrival acquisition time to differentiate, width of cloth conversion module enables in the time of then, and described chronotron does not enable; When the mode that adopts time-delay counting gate-width, width of cloth conversion module does not enable in the time of then, and described chronotron enables;

Described chronotron is used for sending gate-control signal to the counting module of hyperchannel counter, and the time of arrival of the gate-width of can delaying time rising edge or negative edge, the time period of this time-delay, this time resolution precision reached 20ps as the time subsegment of corresponding transient state in the cycle;

Described chronotron can carry out replacement of function by the time width of cloth conversion module in the hyperchannel counter, this time-amplitude conversion module was converted into voltage form and is recorded in respective channel for the time of the photon that will obtain, and press photon and time of arrival the photon number segmentation is divided, statistics obtains the multistage stored counts in each time interval in the transient state cycle, and the time resolution precision reaches 5ps;

In addition, in the situation of the object to be measured that changes in non-periodic, establish object and within a certain short period, almost remain unchanged, adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, survey behind visible light in namely having surveyed sometime and the near infrared light spectrum in next time, the time resolution precision reaches a second level again.

In the technique scheme, described system control platform further comprises:

Make energy control module, be used for enabling of each parts of control, i.e. transmission driving enable signal is issued above-mentioned each parts makes it begin normal operation;

Synchronization control module, be used for to realize between laser pulse and the photon counting synchronously; With

The matrixing module is used for the replacement of the conversion of control random array and its upper stochastic matrix and adjusts accordingly before the transient state cycle begins or after the end.

In the technique scheme, described first group of spectrum light splitting part and second group of spectrum light splitting part include: optical alignment part, light splitting part, measurement of angle part, photometric observation and measure portion;

Described spatial light modulator refers under the control of time dependent signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that photodistributed intensity on the space is modulated, light by the angle incident of spatial light modulator regulation can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, its direction also needs not be certain fixed angle, can be limited in the certain angle scope, described random optical modulation refer on the spatial light modulator modulation matrix be very random, generally adopt two-value to characterize the state of reflection direction;

When utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, need any light path position before visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array that attenuator is set, be used for light decay is reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array.

A kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting formation method of complementary measurement also is provided based on said system the present invention, and described method comprises:

Step 101) pulsed laser is beaten laser on object at set intervals, excite object to send fluorescence, this fluorescence is as utmost point low light level object, described fluorescence is imaged on the spatial light modulator by the optical imagery parts, and spatial light modulator carries out after the random optical modulation light is assigned on the two arm exit directions it according to the random measurement matrix;

Step 102) utilize visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array to carry out the band that both arms are surveyed visible light and near infrared light wave band simultaneously, with photon counting as measured value;

Step 103) rebuild the visible light of object and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition according to described measured value, time dimension information and random measurement matrix by the compressed sensing algorithm, and output time resolved light spectrogram is used for spectral analysis.

In the technique scheme, described step 101) by spatial light modulator the light that is incident on it is carried out random optical modulation, receive optical alignment parts and visible light single-photon detector linear array and second group and receive optical alignment parts and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array so that the two-way emergent light is invested follow-up first group with certain probability respectively, carrying out both arms surveys, wherein singly see certain time subsegment, the signal dimension N of hits M in this time subsegment is to finish measured signal compression sampling in visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band.

In the technique scheme, step 103) the time resolution strategy that adopts of described time resolved spectroscopy figure is a kind of in following two kinds:

Strategy one, visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, with the pulse waveform of laser as the reference pulse, open laser, excite object fluorescence, fluorescent photon is recorded in the corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reaching the time by photon carries out segmentation with photon number and divides, count the stored count of d time subsegment in the one-period, then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator, repeats aforesaid operations, conversion M time, M counting then just should be arranged in each time subsegment mutually, difference corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof, and each time subsegment is done algorithm rebuild, the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period caught; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts;

Strategy two, visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, open laser, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in the hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time-delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment of transient state in the cycle, only survey once in the cycle in every subtransient, survey once again after the gate-width time-delay, twice count value difference is as the count value in the time subsegment, and method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, and then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator, repeat aforesaid operations, conversion M time then just should have M counting mutually in each time subsegment, respectively corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof, each time subsegment is done algorithm rebuild, catch the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts.

In the technique scheme, described reconstruction algorithm adopts sparse reconstruction algorithm, and specific strategy is:

In each time subsegment, each gets one group of measured value y and y ', wherein y in visible light and near infrared light _iWith

The corresponding stochastic matrix a of difference _iBenefit with matrix

Be I-a, with a _iWith

Be stretched to respectively delegation, respectively as visible light in this time subsegment measure matrix A and near infrared light measure matrix A ' in i capable, measure M time, measure matrix all to amount to M capable for two, if visible light and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array have respectively P point and Q point, then the measured value of two arms has respectively P group and Q group, every group all amounts to the M dimension, if each specifically chooses 3 groups of data two arms in each time subsegment, utilize related compressed sensing algorithm just can reconstruct the interior object of observation of this time subsegment at the coloured image of visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, wherein the coloured image of near infrared light wave band is marked, and namely chooses from big to small three kinds of infrared wavelengths by wavelength and is designated red green blue tricolor; Get one group of data and just can carry out the constituent analysis of this wavelength if appoint; The binding time dimensional information just can obtain the color video frame sequence of the space distribution dynamic change of visible light composition and near infrared light composition.

In the technique scheme, the counting of each passage in each time subsegment is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.

Compared with prior art the invention has the advantages that: the present invention is theoretical with compressed sensing, the complementary measurement technology, TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE and spectrum light splitting technology are the basis, with visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array as detecting element, reflected light on the spatial light modulator is carried out both arms to be surveyed, to obtain the spectrum dimension, the information parameters such as time dimension, and the intensity of utilizing spectrum to tie up is that photon counting information is finally inversed by space two-dimensional information, greatly save and survey dimension, improved like this luminous flux, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) also improves thereupon, and this spatial discrimination precision that calculates is much larger than the obtainable spatial discrimination precision of bin detector, image quality is higher, utilize this method can be embodied as picture and spectrum obtains simultaneously, also no longer need to utilize scanning to obtain the dimensional information of being correlated with; When utilizing simultaneously amplitude variation change or delay time the counting gate-width mode obtain the Picosecond precision; Adopt the mode of complementary measurement, visible light and near infrared light are surveyed and can be carried out simultaneously, the wavelength wide coverage, and the characteristics that Matrix Complementarity is measured in improved related compressed sensing algorithm utilization have been dwindled calculated amount, improve the algorithm reconstruction precision, and can the larger image of calculating pixel.

Based on above advantage and innovative point, the present invention can be widely used in the fields such as Time-resolved imaging spectrum, biotic component detection, starry sky detection, night vision, remotely sensed image, imaging of medical, quantum dot imaging.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system of complementary measurement of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the invention, before the injection, rear 30 seconds of injection, the rear 4 minutes red green blue tricolor decomposition and reconstruction of injection; Wherein, before Fig. 2 the 1st, 3,5 row are respectively injection, injection rear 30 seconds and inject rear 4 minutes frame of video, Fig. 2 the 2nd, 4,6 row are respectively before the injection, rear 30 seconds of injection and inject rear 4 minutes reconstruction video frame; Fig. 2 front 3 classifies the visible light video frame as and decomposes the gained component by R, G, B, and 3 classify the near infrared light frame of video as by R, G, B decomposition gained component behind Fig. 2;

Fig. 3 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the invention, before the injection, rear 30 seconds of injection, the rear 4 minutes visible light of injection, infrared light and two kinds meet image; Wherein, (a), before (b), (c) from left to right are followed successively by the visible light hemostasis, rear 30 seconds of injection and inject rear 4 minutes reconstruction color video frame, (d), (e), (f) from left to right be followed successively by the near infrared light hemostasis before, rear 30 seconds of injection and inject rear 4 minutes reconstruction color video frame, (g), (h), (i) from left to right be followed successively by injection before, rear 30 seconds of injection and inject rear 4 minutes visible images and the near infrared light image merges the color video frame that obtains;

Fig. 4 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the invention, time resolved spectroscopy figure.

The accompanying drawing sign

Embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

The invention provides a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system of complementary measurement, this system is mainly theoretical based on compressed sensing, be used for visible light and near infrared light composition while light spectrum image-forming to the object with the periodic dynamic change of transient state, the color video frame sequence that output is arranged in chronological order, count time resolved spectroscopy figure so that spectral analysis, described system comprises: pulsed laser, the optical imagery parts, spatial light modulator, receive the optical alignment parts for two groups, two groups of spectrum light splitting parts, visible light single-photon detector linear array, near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, the hyperchannel counter, randomizer, chronotron, system's control platform, the reading and writing data storer, processing module;

Opticator: pulsed laser excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence lifetime has certain transient state, this fluorescence is imaged on the spatial light modulator (SLM) by the optical imagery parts, be subjected to its random optical modulation, emergent light is assigned on the two arm directions with certain probability, utilize respectively receipts optical alignment parts to become approximate directional light so that enter the light of follow-up spectrum light splitting part, by two groups of spectrum light splitting parts the spectrum of visible light and near infrared light wave band is incident upon respectively again and sees on light single-photon detector linear array and the near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, survey simultaneously;

The electricity part: visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are often opened, each some pulse waveforms of output of surveying, be input to respectively on several counting channels on the hyperchannel counter, carry out filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number; The reference pulse input of the pulse waveform of laser width of cloth conversion module as on the hyperchannel counter time; Optionally, the output terminal of chronotron links to each other with counting module on the hyperchannel counter, is used for the gate-width of control counting; System's control platform sends instruction to randomizer and chronotron, and the normal operation of control whole system electricity part; Wherein the output terminal of randomizer links to each other with the input end of spatial light modulator, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, with the random measurement Output matrix after processing to spatial light modulator; Some batch total numerical value on the hyperchannel counter, time dimension information, the random measurement matrix of passage corresponding wavelength information on randomizer are as the input of reading and writing data storer, and the reading and writing data storer is used for reading and writing data temporary; The data flow algoritic module, processing module goes out the visible light of object of observation and color video frame sequence and the time resolved spectroscopy figure of near infrared light composition according to these data reconstructions, can analyze Time-resolved imaging on any wavelengths of interest.

Described single-photon detector linear array is operated in the linear array that the single photon point probe under the Geiger mode angular position digitizer forms by several corresponding different wave lengths, possesses the single photon resolution characteristic, select respectively the single photon point detecting element of several corresponding different wave lengths at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, many group optical filters of can arranging in pairs or groups use, linear array of composition at visible-range, another linear array of the composition of near infrared range, be separately positioned on two arm exit directions of spatial light modulator, both positions are interchangeable, and detection mode can adopt fiber optic collimator or Free-space coupling; Described single-photon detector linear array also can enable certain delegation or the acquisition of a certain row by avalanche diode (APD) array.

Have on the hyperchannel counter counting module and the time width of cloth conversion module, realize counting and time resolution function, if adopt the resolution of photon mode time of arrival acquisition time, width of cloth conversion module enables in the time of then, and chronotron does not enable; If adopt the mode of time-delay counting gate-width, width of cloth conversion module does not enable in the time of then, and chronotron enables;

Chronotron is used for sending gate-control signal to the counting module of hyperchannel counter, and the time of arrival of the gate-width of can delaying time rising edge or negative edge, the time period of this time-delay, this time resolution precision was 20ps as the time subsegment of corresponding transient state in the cycle;

Described chronotron can carry out replacement of function by the time width of cloth conversion module in the hyperchannel counter, this time-amplitude conversion module was converted into voltage form and is recorded in respective channel for the time of the photon that will obtain, and press photon and time of arrival the photon number segmentation is divided, statistics obtains the multistage stored counts in each time interval in the transient state cycle, and the time resolution precision is 5ps;

Changing in the situation of object not high non-periodic for the time resolution accuracy requirement, if object almost remained unchanged within a certain short period, just change gradually through the long period, can adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, survey behind visible light in namely having surveyed sometime and the near infrared light spectrum in next time, the time resolution precision is a second level again.

Described system control platform is used for comprising enabling of each parts, i.e. transmission driving enable signal is issued above-mentioned each parts makes it begin normal operation; And realize between laser pulse and the photon counting synchronously; And be used for the replacement of the conversion of control random array and its upper stochastic matrix and before the transient state cycle begins or after the end, adjust accordingly.

Described spectrum light splitting part comprises: optical alignment part, light splitting part, measurement of angle part, photometric observation and measure portion, be used for spectrum light splitting and Measurement and analysis, and generally adopt prismatic decomposition or grating beam splitting; Receive the optical alignment parts and cooperate it to use, be used for the emergent light on a certain arm direction of spatial light modulator is all collected and preliminary collimation;

Described spatial light modulator refers under the control of time dependent electric drive signal or other signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that can modulate photodistributed intensity on the space, light by the angle incident of spatial light modulator regulation can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, its direction also needs not be certain fixed angle, can be limited in the certain angle scope, described random optical modulation refer on the spatial light modulator modulation matrix be very random, the general state that adopts two-value to characterize reflection direction, common spatial light modulator has Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), liquid crystal light valve, frosted glass etc.;

Optionally, when utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, need any light path position before the single-photon detector linear array that suitable attenuator is set, be used for light decay is reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, if utmost point low light level light intensity in the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, then need not to arrange attenuator again.

The present invention also proposes a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting formation method of complementary measurement, the method has adopted compressed sensing theoretical, the complementary measurement technology, TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE and spectrum light splitting technology, utilize visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array to carry out the band that both arms are surveyed visible light and near infrared light wave band simultaneously, with photon counting as measured value, just can reconstruct the visible light of object and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition by the compressed sensing algorithm, and output time resolved light spectrogram is used for spectral analysis, and described method comprises following steps:

Step 1 is used for the step of compression sampling:

By spatial light modulator the light that is incident on it is carried out random optical modulation, so that the two-way emergent light is invested follow-up receipts optical alignment parts and single-photon detector linear array with certain probability respectively, carrying out both arms surveys, singly see certain time subsegment, the signal dimension N of hits M in this time subsegment is to finish measured signal compression sampling in visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band;

Step 2 is used for time-resolved step, can adopt in following two kinds of strategies any one:

Strategy one, the single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, with the pulse waveform of the laser reference pulse as the time-amplitude conversion module, open laser, excite object fluorescence, the time-amplitude conversion module is recorded in photon in the corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reaching the time by photon carries out segmentation with photon number and divides, count the stored count of d time subsegment in the one-period, then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator, repeats aforesaid operations, conversion M time, M counting then just should be arranged in each time subsegment mutually, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof are done algorithm to each time subsegment respectively and are rebuild respectively, just can capture the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts;

Strategy two, the single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, open laser, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in the hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time-delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment of transient state in the cycle, only survey once in the cycle in every subtransient, survey once again after the gate-width time-delay, twice count value difference is as the count value in the time subsegment, and method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, and then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator, repeat aforesaid operations, conversion M time then just should have M counting mutually in each time subsegment, respectively corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof, respectively each time subsegment is done algorithm and rebuild, just can capture the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts;

Step 2 is used for the step of sparse reconstruction:

In each time subsegment, each gets one group of measured value y and y ', wherein y in visible light and near infrared light _iWith The corresponding stochastic matrix a of difference _iBenefit with matrix

Be I-a, with a _iWith

Be stretched to respectively delegation, respectively as visible light in this time subsegment measure matrix A and near infrared light measure matrix A ' in i capable, measure M time, measure matrix all to amount to M capable for two, if visible light and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array have respectively P point and Q point, then the measured value of two arms has respectively P group and Q group, every group all amounts to the M dimension, if each specifically chooses 3 groups of data two arms in each time subsegment, utilize related compressed sensing algorithm just can reconstruct the interior object of observation of this time subsegment at the coloured image of visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, wherein the coloured image of near infrared light wave band is marked, and namely chooses from big to small three kinds of infrared wavelengths by wavelength and is designated red green blue tricolor; Get one group of data and just can carry out the constituent analysis of this wavelength if appoint; The binding time dimensional information just can obtain the color video frame sequence of the space distribution dynamic change of visible light composition and near infrared light composition.

The counting of each passage in each time subsegment is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.

Its mathematical model is as follows:

In certain time subsegment in transient state cycle, each gets a specific wavelength visible-range and near infrared range, respectively the signal under this two wavelength is assumed to be column vector: x _p,

Then sampling process can be regarded two groups as and measures the process that matrixes and two specific wavelength signals are made inner product, obtains two groups of observation vector y _Pi,

I=1,2 ..., M, p=1,2 ..., P, q=1,2 ..., Q, A wherein, (K＜M＜＜N), e, System noise, if but x is compressible or sparse expression, then

Ψ=[ψ wherein ₁, ψ ₂..., ψ _N] be sparse transformation matrix (being sparse framework),

Be related degree of rarefication, so, the process of compression sampling can be described as following formula:

$[y_p,y_q^{\′}]=[\mathrm{A\Ψ}{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_p+e,A^{\′}\mathrm{\Ψ}{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_q^{\′}+e^{\′}]$

A Ψ wherein, A ' Ψ all need satisfy Restricted Isometry Property(RIP), A, A ' and Ψ need uncorrelated, because A, A ' complementation for satisfying above-mentioned condition, only needs A be set to two-value random measurement matrix among the present invention;

Described sparse reconstruction is at known observation data y _p,

With the measurement matrix A, find the solution x under the condition of A ' _p,

This is a NP-hard problem, but is converted into l1 norm or l2 norm problem, and just the thought of available compressed sensing is found the solution, and algorithm can divide the numerous species type, as example, gets wherein a kind of common form of presentation, is described as following formula:

$\underset{{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_p}{\min }\frac{1}{2}{\left|\right|y_p-\mathrm{A\Ψ}{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_p\left|\right|}_2^2+\mathrm{\τ}{\left|\right|{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_p\left|\right|}_1,\underset{{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_q^{\′}}{\min }\frac{1}{2}{\left|\right|y_q^{\′}-A^{\′}\mathrm{\Ψ}{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_q^{\′}\left|\right|}_2^2+\mathrm{\τ}{\left|\right|{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}_q^{\′}\left|\right|}_1$

‖ wherein ... ‖ _lRepresent the norm operator,

Only need the inferior measurement of M≤O (Klog (N/K)), just can be finally inversed by the light intensity space distribution information x of object under test under visible light wave range and two specific wavelengths of near infrared light wave band _pWith

If visible light and near infrared light wave band are specifically chosen 3 groups of measurement data separately, reuse above-mentioned model, adopt three primary color theory just can reconstruct the coloured image of the interior visible light of this time subsegment and near infrared light wave band, add time dimension information, just can reconstruct the color video frame sequence of visible light and near infrared light.

Optionally, described compressed sensing algorithm comprises: greedy reconstruction algorithm, coupling track algorithm MP, quadrature coupling track algorithm OMP, basic track algorithm BP, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian Estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwIST algorithm, l ₀Reconstruction algorithm, l ₁Reconstruction algorithm, l ₂Reconstruction algorithm etc.; The core concept of algorithm communicates, and is alternating minimization and upgrades multiplier, can slightly have any different on the skill of calculating, and does the explanation of algorithm core concept as an example of the TV algorithm example:

The TV model is:

S.t.Au=b

Be equivalent to S.t.Au=b and D _iU=w _i

Corresponding augmentation lagrange problem is:

$\underset{w_i,u}{\min }\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}({\left|\right|w_i\left|\right|}_2-v_i^T(D_{i}u-w_i)+\frac{\mathrm{\β}}{2}{\left|\right|D_{i}u-w_i\left|\right|}_2^2)-{\mathrm{\λ}}^T(\mathrm{Au}-b)+\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{2}{\left|\right|\mathrm{Au}-b\left|\right|}_2^2$

Input b, A, μ, β〉0, initialization u=b;

When not restraining, come approximately to minimize augmentation Lagrange power function by alternating direction scheme (alternating direction scheme), and constantly update multiplier, namely repeat following three steps operation:

Fixedly u is constant for step (1), is calculated as follows w

$w_i=\max \{{\left|\right|D_{i}u-v_i/\mathrm{\β}\left|\right|}_2-\frac{1}{\mathrm{\β}},0\}\frac{D_{i}u-v_i/\mathrm{\β}}{{\left|\right|D_{i}u-v_i/\mathrm{\β}\left|\right|}_2}$

Fixedly w is constant for step (2), is calculated as follows u

$u=F^{-1}\left(\frac{F\left(D^{\left(1\right)}\right)*\mathrm{oF}\left(w_1\right)+F{\left(D^{\left(2\right)}\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(w_2\right)+(\mathrm{\μ}/\mathrm{\β})F{\left(A\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(b\right)}{F\left(D^{\left(1\right)}\right)*\mathrm{oF}\left(D^{\left(1\right)}\right)+F{\left(D^{\left(2\right)}\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(D^{\left(2\right)}\right)+(\mathrm{\μ}/\mathrm{\β})F{\left(A\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(A\right)}\right)$

Wherein, D ⁽¹⁾And D ⁽²⁾Be respectively single order finite matrix level difference and vertical differentiation, F is two dimensional discrete Fourier transform, and * represents complex conjugate, and o represents that number takes advantage of;

Step (3) is upgraded multiplier:

$v_i\←v_i-\mathrm{\β}(D_i\hat{u}-{\hat{w}}_i),$ $\mathrm{\λ}\←\mathrm{\λ}-\mathrm{\μ}(A\hat{u}-b).$

The compressed sensing algorithm of described association is based on corresponding two of visible light in each time subsegment and near infrared light spectrum, and to measure matrixes be complementary and propose, core algorithm thought is that regarding unit matrix as the measurement matrix participates in computing, basis at described algorithm idea adds corrected parameter, income value again with x _pDo match operation, just obtain

Storage space is dwindled in very big easy computing, visible light signal x _pWith the near infrared light signal

Can obtain simultaneously, other wavelength data in each time subsegment follows an example to do, and adds time dimension information, finally obtains the color video frame sequence of object visible light and near infrared light composition.

As shown in Figure 1, pulsed laser 1 excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence lifetime has certain transient state, this fluorescence is imaged on the spatial light modulator 3 by optical imagery parts 2, be subjected to its random optical modulation, emergent light is assigned on the two arm directions with certain probability, utilize respectively first group of receipts optical alignment parts 4 and second group of receipts optical alignment parts 5 to become approximate directional light so that enter the light of follow-up first group of spectrum light splitting part 6 and second group of spectrum light splitting part 7 simultaneously, first group of spectrum light splitting part 6 and second group of spectrum light splitting part 7 are incident upon the spectrum of visible light and near infrared light wave band respectively to be seen on light single-photon detector linear array 8 and the near infrared light single-photon detector linear array 9, survey simultaneously, need to prove, the position of these two linear arrays is interchangeable; Make visible light single-photon detector linear array 8 and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array 9 often open, each some pulse waveforms of output of surveying, be input to respectively on several counting channels on the hyperchannel counter 10, carry out filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number; The reference pulse input of the pulse waveform of pulsed laser 1 width of cloth conversion module as on the hyperchannel counter 10 time; Optionally, the output terminal of chronotron 12 links to each other with counting module on the hyperchannel counter 10, is used for the gate-width of control counting; System's control platform 13 sends instruction to randomizer 11 and chronotron 12, and the normal operation of control whole system electricity part; Wherein the output terminal of randomizer 11 links to each other with the input end of spatial light modulator 3, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, with the random measurement Output matrix after processing to spatial light modulator 3; Some batch total numerical value on the hyperchannel counter 10, time dimension information, the random measurement matrix of passage corresponding wavelength information on randomizer 11 are as the input of reading and writing data storer 14, and reading and writing data storer 14 is mainly used in reading and writing data temporary; Data flow processing module 15, processing module 15 goes out the visible light of object of observation and color video frame sequence and the time resolved spectroscopy figure of near infrared light composition according to these data reconstructions, can analyze Time-resolved imaging on any wavelengths of interest.

Need to prove, when utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of visible light single-photon detector linear array 8 and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array 9, need any light path position before the single-photon detector linear array that suitable attenuator is set, be used for light decay is reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, if utmost point low light level light intensity in the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, then need not to arrange attenuator again.

Described time resolution, can adopt in following two kinds of strategies any one:

Strategy one, the single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator 3 is fixed a frame, with the pulse waveform of pulsed laser 1 reference pulse as the time-amplitude conversion module, Emission Lasers, excite object fluorescence, the time-amplitude conversion module is recorded in photon in the corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reaching the time by photon carries out segmentation with photon number and divides, count the stored count of d time subsegment in the one-period, then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator 4, repeats aforesaid operations, conversion M time, M counting then just should be arranged in each time subsegment mutually, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof are done algorithm to each time subsegment respectively and are rebuild respectively, just can capture the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts;

Strategy two, the single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator 3 is fixed a frame, Emission Lasers, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in the hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time-delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment of transient state in the cycle, only survey once in the cycle in every subtransient, survey once after the gate-width time-delay again, twice count value difference is as the count value in the time subsegment, method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, and step afterwards is identical with strategy one.

Need to prove, changing in the situation of object not high non-periodic for the time resolution accuracy requirement, if object almost remained unchanged within a certain short period, just change gradually through the long period, can adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, survey behind visible light in namely having surveyed sometime and the near infrared light spectrum in next time, the time resolution precision is a second level again.

In fact many biosomes all exist ultraweak optical radiation phenomenon, and this ultraweak archebiosis fluorescence all is related with many functions, the physiology course of biology, can reflect the variation of biosome metabolic process.For example, phagocyte is when engulfing foreign matter, during cell mitogen, in the process of cell carcinogenesis, all with luminous or superweak luminescence phenomenon.Also often can add fluorescence labeling in the biology or accurately locate interested physiological change process with the method for quantum dot.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are the simulated experiment results of the embodiment of the invention, purpose is the feasibility of verification algorithm, this algorithm is mainly for coloured image, size is 200 * 200, primary visible light sequence of frames of video and near infrared light sequence of frames of video are from Sungjee Kim, Yong Taik Lim, Edward G Soltesz, Alec M De Grand, Jaihyoung Lee, Akira Nakayama, J Anthony Parker, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Rita G Laurence, Delphine M Dor, Lawrence H Cohn, Moungi G Bawendi ﹠amp; John V Frangioni, Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping, nature biotechnology, 2004,22 (1): 93-97.Legend is the autofluorescence situation over time before and after the near infrared light quantum dot (NIR QDs) of injection 400pmol in the right groin corium of pig, before Fig. 2 the 1st, 3,5 row are respectively injection, injection rear 30 seconds and inject rear 4 minutes frame of video, Fig. 2 the 2nd, 4,6 row are respectively before the injection, rear 30 seconds of injection and inject rear 4 minutes reconstruction video frame.Fig. 2 front 3 classifies the visible light video frame as and decomposes the gained component by R, G, B, and 3 classify the near infrared light frame of video as by R, G, B decomposition gained component behind Fig. 2.Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), before Fig. 3 (c) from left to right is followed successively by the visible light hemostasis, injected rear 30 seconds and injected rear 4 minutes reconstruction color video frame, Fig. 3 (d), Fig. 3 (e), before Fig. 3 (f) from left to right is followed successively by the near infrared light hemostasis, injected rear 30 seconds and injected rear 4 minutes reconstruction color video frame, Fig. 3 (g), Fig. 3 (h), before Fig. 3 (i) from left to right is followed successively by injection, inject rear 30 seconds and injected rear 4 minutes visible images and near infrared light image and merge the color video frame that obtains.This embodiment shows, this visible light and near infrared light composition change the observation that combines can locate the focus particular location, helps the development of medical operating, and this example will play a significant role in the biologic medical in future and quantum dot imaging for explanation the present invention.

Fig. 4 also is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the invention, time resolved spectroscopy figure for simulation, the wavelength response range of spatial light modulator has covered visible light and near infrared range, reflected light is carried out both arms to be surveyed, counting in corresponding visible light and each each passage of time subsegment of near infrared light is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, represent intensity signal, simultaneously in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, on the Picosecond precision, analyze intuitively over time situation of spectral intensity, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.

Need to prove at last, algorithm described in the embodiment through the lot of experimental data checking, has been true and reliable, and collocation hardware just can be realized technical scheme of the present invention.Described all embodiment are not absolute only for the present invention is further elaborated, but respective extension.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment, adds, deleted or is equal to replacement, and do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement counting imaging system is characterized in that, described system comprises:

Pulsed laser, optical imagery parts, spatial light modulator, first group of receipts optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part, second group of receipts optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part, visible light single-photon detector linear array, near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, hyperchannel counter, randomizer, system control platform, reading and writing data storer and processing module;

Described pulsed laser excites object fluorescence at set intervals, and this fluorescence is imaged on the described spatial light modulator via the optical imagery parts, be subjected to its random optical modulation after emergent light be assigned on the two arm directions;

Receive optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part and visible light single-photon detector linear array and be arranged on the first arm direction, be used for surveying visible light and export some pulse waveforms for described first group; Receive optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array and be arranged on the second arm direction, be used for surveying near infrared light spectrum and export some pulse waveforms for described second group;

Described multi channel detector links to each other with near infrared light single-photon detector linear array with described visible light single-photon detector linear array and receives input pulse waveform wherein, and waveform is carried out filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number;

Described system control platform sends instruction to randomizer, and the running of control whole system;

The output terminal of described randomizer links to each other with the input end of spatial light modulator, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, with the random measurement Output matrix after processing to spatial light modulator;

Described reading and writing data storer is stored the random measurement matrix on some batch total numerical value, time dimension information, passage corresponding wavelength information and the randomizer on the hyperchannel counter;

Described processing module, be used for adopting restructing algorithm to reconstruct the visible light of object of observation and color video frame sequence and the time resolved spectroscopy figure of near infrared light composition according to the information of reading and writing data memory stores, and then Time-resolved imaging on any wavelengths of interest is analyzed.

2. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 is counted imaging system, it is characterized in that, described visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are operated in the linear array that the single photon point probe under the Geiger mode angular position digitizer forms by several corresponding different wave lengths, can select respectively at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band the single photon point detecting element of several corresponding different wave lengths, described visible light single-photon detector linear array and the residing position of near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are interchangeable, and described visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array detection mode employing fiber optic collimator or Free-space coupling.

3. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 counting imaging system is characterized in that, described system also comprises chronotron;

Described hyperchannel counter further comprises: counting module and the time width of cloth conversion module, be used for realizing counting and time resolution function; When adopting photon mode time of arrival acquisition time to differentiate, width of cloth conversion module enables in the time of then, and described chronotron does not enable; When the mode that adopts time-delay counting gate-width, width of cloth conversion module does not enable in the time of then, and described chronotron enables;

Described chronotron is used for sending gate-control signal to the counting module of hyperchannel counter, and the time of arrival of the gate-width of can delaying time rising edge or negative edge, the time period of this time-delay, this time resolution precision reached 20ps as the time subsegment of corresponding transient state in the cycle;

Described chronotron can carry out replacement of function by the time width of cloth conversion module in the hyperchannel counter, this time-amplitude conversion module was converted into voltage form and is recorded in respective channel for the time of the photon that will obtain, and press photon and time of arrival the photon number segmentation is divided, statistics obtains the multistage stored counts in each time interval in the transient state cycle, and the time resolution precision reaches 5ps;

In addition, in the situation of the object to be measured that changes in non-periodic, establish object and within a certain short period, almost remain unchanged, adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, survey behind visible light in namely having surveyed sometime and the near infrared light spectrum in next time, the time resolution precision reaches a second level again.

4. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 counting imaging system is characterized in that, described system control platform further comprises:

Make energy control module, be used for enabling of each parts of control, i.e. transmission driving enable signal is issued above-mentioned each parts makes it begin normal operation;

Synchronization control module, be used for to realize between laser pulse and the photon counting synchronously; With

The matrixing module is used for the replacement of the conversion of control random array and its upper stochastic matrix and adjusts accordingly before the transient state cycle begins or after the end.

5. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 is counted imaging system, it is characterized in that, described first group of spectrum light splitting part and second group of spectrum light splitting part include: optical alignment part, light splitting part, measurement of angle part, photometric observation and measure portion;

Described spatial light modulator refers under the control of time dependent signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that photodistributed intensity on the space is modulated, light by the angle incident of spatial light modulator regulation can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, its direction also needs not be certain fixed angle, can be limited in the certain angle scope, described random optical modulation refer on the spatial light modulator modulation matrix be very random, generally adopt two-value to characterize the state of reflection direction;

When utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, need any light path position before visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array that attenuator is set, be used for light decay is reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array.

6. the time resolution single photon spectrum of a complementary measurement is counted formation method, and described method comprises:

Step 101) pulsed laser is beaten laser on object at set intervals, excite object to send fluorescence, this fluorescence is as utmost point low light level object, described fluorescence is imaged on the spatial light modulator by the optical imagery parts, and spatial light modulator carries out after the random optical modulation light is assigned on the two arm exit directions it according to the random measurement matrix;

Step 102) utilize visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array to carry out the band that both arms are surveyed visible light and near infrared light wave band simultaneously, with photon counting as measured value;

Step 103) rebuild the visible light of object and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition according to described measured value, time dimension information and random measurement matrix by the compressed sensing algorithm, and output time resolved light spectrogram is used for spectral analysis.

7. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 is counted formation method, it is characterized in that, described step 101) by spatial light modulator the light that is incident on it is carried out random optical modulation, receive optical alignment parts and visible light single-photon detector linear array and second group and receive optical alignment parts and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array so that the two-way emergent light is invested follow-up first group with certain probability respectively, carrying out both arms surveys, wherein singly see certain time subsegment, the signal dimension N of hits M in this time subsegment is to finish measured signal compression sampling in visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band.

8. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 counting formation method is characterized in that step 103) the time resolution strategy that adopts of described time resolved spectroscopy figure is a kind of in following two kinds:

Strategy one, visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, with the pulse waveform of laser as the reference pulse, open laser, excite object fluorescence, fluorescent photon is recorded in the corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reaching the time by photon carries out segmentation with photon number and divides, count the stored count of d time subsegment in the one-period, then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator, repeats aforesaid operations, conversion M time, M counting then just should be arranged in each time subsegment mutually, difference corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof, and each time subsegment is done algorithm rebuild, the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period caught; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts;

Strategy two, visible light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, open laser, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in the hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time-delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment of transient state in the cycle, only survey once in the cycle in every subtransient, survey once again after the gate-width time-delay, twice count value difference is as the count value in the time subsegment, and method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, and then random array transforms to next frame on the spatial light modulator, repeat aforesaid operations, conversion M time then just should have M counting mutually in each time subsegment, respectively corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof, each time subsegment is done algorithm rebuild, catch the transient changing process of component distributing in the one-period; If light intensity extremely a little less than, then repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts.

9. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 counting formation method is characterized in that, described reconstruction algorithm adopts sparse reconstruction algorithm, and specific strategy is:

In each time subsegment, each gets one group of measured value y and y ', wherein y in visible light and near infrared light _iWith The corresponding stochastic matrix a of difference _iBenefit with matrix

Be I-a, with a _iWith

Be stretched to respectively delegation, respectively as visible light in this time subsegment measure matrix A and near infrared light measure matrix A ' in i capable, measure M time, measure matrix all to amount to M capable for two, if visible light and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array have respectively P point and Q point, then the measured value of two arms has respectively P group and Q group, every group all amounts to the M dimension, if each specifically chooses 3 groups of data two arms in each time subsegment, utilize related compressed sensing algorithm just can reconstruct the interior object of observation of this time subsegment at the coloured image of visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, wherein the coloured image of near infrared light wave band is marked, and namely chooses from big to small three kinds of infrared wavelengths by wavelength and is designated red green blue tricolor; Get one group of data and just can carry out the constituent analysis of this wavelength if appoint; The binding time dimensional information just can obtain the color video frame sequence of the space distribution dynamic change of visible light composition and near infrared light composition.

10. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 is counted formation method, it is characterized in that, the counting of each passage in each time subsegment is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.

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