CN102844231A - Method and system for assessing driver's braking behaviour - Google Patents

Method and system for assessing driver's braking behaviour Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102844231A
CN102844231A CN201180019806XA CN201180019806A CN102844231A CN 102844231 A CN102844231 A CN 102844231A CN 201180019806X A CN201180019806X A CN 201180019806XA CN 201180019806 A CN201180019806 A CN 201180019806A CN 102844231 A CN102844231 A CN 102844231A
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China
Prior art keywords
always
driving engine
braking
brake
jake brake
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L·布雷德贝里
J·安德松
A·耶哈马尔
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Scania CV AB
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Scania CV AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/08—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to drivers or passengers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0816—Indicating performance data, e.g. occurrence of a malfunction
    • G07C5/0825—Indicating performance data, e.g. occurrence of a malfunction using optical means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/08—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to drivers or passengers
    • B60W40/09—Driving style or behaviour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • B60W50/16—Tactile feedback to the driver, e.g. vibration or force feedback to the driver on the steering wheel or the accelerator pedal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/008—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles communicating information to a remotely located station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G09B19/16—Control of vehicles or other craft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G09B19/16—Control of vehicles or other craft
    • G09B19/167—Control of land vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/069—Engine braking signal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18136—Engine braking

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for assessing a driver's braking of a vehicle, comprising determining when a braking cycle begins; determining the time tengbrake when the vehicle's engine brake is used during the braking cycle; determining the time tshift for gear changes during the braking cycle; determining when the braking cycle ends; determining the total time ttotal for said braking cycle; processing ttotal and tengbrake with respect to tshift according to predetermined rules, and calculating a braking assessment value BA based on processed values for tengbrake and ttotal. The invention relates also to a system for assessing a driver's braking of a vehicle.

Description

The method and system that is used for the braking action of assess driver
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and system of the braking action that is used for assess driver according to the independent claims preamble.
Background technology
When driving such as heavy-dutys vehicle such as truck, city motor buss, vehicle economy has become the key factor of managing to reduce the behavior cost that uses vehicle.After its purchase cost, expenditure maximum on the vehicle is exactly fuel cost and cost of serving.These costs normally are correlated with, and the vehicle that promptly often uses not only consumes more fuel and also can receive more wearing and tearing, has higher thereupon cost of serving.
Driving style has greatly influenced consumption of fuel and wearing and tearing.Usually surpass 10% in the gap between the different chaufeurs aspect the fuel consumption in vehicles.The difficulty of the capable chaufeur of recruitment makes training become attractive solution.But all problems of all existing of training are, the effect of training may slowly weaken along with the time, and after the some months, the behavior of chaufeur may return to train before identical level.
Another problem is to distinguish that how many consumption of fuels and wearing and tearing are that driving by crudity causes, and how much is by disadvantageous traffic, and for example the road and/or the city traffics on extremely many slopes cause.
Crude and rash driving has mainly caused the wearing and tearing of motor vehicle braking system.Heavy-duty vehicle often has some different brake system, for example, and the additional brake of running brake (foot-operated brake), engine retarder, exhaust brake, retarder and other types.In general the use additional brake usually than leicht fallen D/A, is preferable therefore for vehicle.Through using the additional brake on the heavy-duty vehicle, chaufeur can reduce the wearing and tearing on the brake lining that is associated with the use wheel brake, the brake disc etc.For example, if when heavy-duty vehicle is in the operation of long descending, use running brake separately, then may cause catastrophic consequence owing to overheated brake wheel and/or brake lining.Therefore, consider encourage them to use additional brake more frequently for chaufeur.
Be not that all vehicles all are equipped with available all additional brakes.For example, hydrodynamic retarder just may not be suitable because of the cause of its cost.On the contrary, also often capable of using on heavy-duty vehicle as the exhaust brake of additional brake.But, estimate chaufeur to the using and encourage him to use its existing problem to be of exhaust brake, in many countries, it is illegal in the certain hour section of being everlasting in 24 hours, using exhaust brake, this is because its noise is very big.Estimation can expect that the braking force from exhaust brake also is very difficult under different driving situation.
WO 2007/139494 has described a kind of equipment that definite chaufeur is selected the ability of brake system that is used for.He is compared the condition of service and his the overall condition of service to brake system during brake operating of brake system, so that assess the ability that he uses brake system.In the expenditure of energy of system or the overall use of user's planar survey system.
EP 1811481 has described a kind of method and system that is used to monitor and analyze the driving style of chaufeur.Monitored and be used for constructing the chaufeur profile that demonstrates his/her driving style such as the various parameters of engine speed, the speed of a motor vehicle, gear selection etc.
The objective of the invention is to realize a kind ofly to be used to estimate chaufeur so that the improving one's methods of the ability that wearing and tearing and the minimized mode of consumption of fuel are braked, particularly encourage him so that wear and tear and the minimized mode of consumption of fuel is driven.
Summary of the invention
Realized above-mentioned purpose through a kind of method that is used for the braking action of assess driver.This method comprises: confirm when begin braking period; Time t when confirming to use during braking period the Jake brake of vehicle Jake brakeConfirm the time t that engage a gear spent during braking period Gear shiftConfirm when finish braking period; Confirm the total time t of said braking period AlwaysAccording to pre-defined rule, to t Gear shiftHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA, if said rule request is t Gear shiftGreater than the maximum allowed time t that is used to change gear that can set Gear shift is maximum, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleBe the preset time section, and the braking assessed value BA that will calculate present to chaufeur.
According to another aspect, realized this purpose through a kind of system that is used for the braking action of assess driver.This system comprises: control unit, and it is connected to and is configured to definite first measuring unit that when begins braking period; Second measuring unit, it is connected to control unit, and is configured to confirm use during braking period the time t of the Jake brake of vehicle Jake brake, and comprise t based on this transmission Jake brakeSecond time signal; The 3rd measuring unit, it is connected to control unit, and is configured to the time t that engage a gear spent during definite braking period Gear shift, and comprise t based on this transmission Gear shiftThe 3rd time signal; First measuring unit is configured to confirm when finish braking period, confirm the total time t of said braking period Always, and will comprise t based on this AlwaysVery first time signal be sent to control unit, this control unit also is configured to according to pre-defined rule, to t Gear shiftHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA, if said rule request is t Gear shiftGreater than the maximum allowed time t that is used to change gear that can set Gear shift is maximum, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleBe the preset time section, and the braking assessed value BA that will calculate present to chaufeur.
This method and system provides a kind of mode of assess driver braking potential, makes wearing and tearing and consumption of fuel minimize by this way.Assess driver braking the type how is a general-duty, and can be applied on the polytype vehicle such as truck, city motor bus, passenger vehicle, and not having about vehicle is the substantive requirement of how to dispose.
According to embodiment, chaufeur can receive the direct feedback about his/her braking action, and can correct the behavior with hostile environment influence and economic impact then.Through the continuous prompting of driving style about expectation, chaufeur can also keep and improve his work performance between training chance.
Also can mark to the behavior of chaufeur, this is a kind of positive manner of encouraging competition and promising to undertake.Can also make him that enjoyment is more arranged at work like this, improve his/her driving style simultaneously.
In dependent claims and detailed specification sheets, preferred embodiment has been described.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described with reference to the drawings below, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the evaluating system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the diagram of circuit according to the appraisal procedure of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the diagram of circuit of appraisal procedure in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the BA score among Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the diagram of circuit of the appraisal procedure of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Engine speed n when Fig. 6 has described descending Driving engineIt is the example how to change.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 has schematically described to be used for according to embodiments of the invention the system of the braking action of assess driver.This system comprises control unit, and this control unit preferably is provided with to be used to carry out calculate and waits the processor unit of handling and at least one memory device.Control unit is connected to some measuring units that are configured to confirm different variablees.First measuring unit is configured to confirm when begin and finish braking period, confirm the total time t of braking period Always, and will comprise t based on this AlwaysVery first time signal be sent to control unit.Depend on situation about will assess, first measuring unit is configured to monitor and calculate various parameters and the signal such as car speed, acceleration/accel, running resistance etc., when begins and finishes braking period so that judge.Fig. 1 schematically shows this with the mode of the arrow that points to first measuring unit.Second measuring unit that is connected to control unit is configured to confirm use during braking period the time t of the Jake brake of vehicle The transmitting set braking, and comprise t based on this transmission Jake brakeSecond time signal.According to embodiment, to the incoming signal of second measuring unit with similar to the incoming signal of first measuring unit.The 3rd measuring unit is configured to confirm be used for the time t that gear changes during braking period Gear shift, and comprise t based on this transmission Gear shiftThe 3rd time signal.Then, the gear system in the for example total vehicle of the 3rd measuring unit receives the information about when using gear and using which gear.Control unit is configured to according to pre-defined rule to t Gear shiftHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA.According to an embodiment, described measuring unit is the functional unit that may be incorporated in the control unit.
Control unit preferably includes the processor unit and at least one memory device that is configured to carry out calculating etc.
According to embodiment, the braking assessed value BA that will calculate for chaufeur is presented on the telltale.The BA value for example can be to express with the numerical value form or with sign format.Also can be soundly to chaufeur feedback BA value.According to embodiment, the BA value can be stored in the memory device in the control unit, and the central location that perhaps is sent to outside vehicle is to be used for further analysis.
According to embodiment, this system comprises the transmitting set speed n that is configured to confirm during braking period Send out MotivationThe 4th measuring unit.Therefore, this measuring unit is configured to receive the signal of its speed of indication that comes from driving engine.The 4th measuring unit has been shown among Fig. 1.In this embodiment, control unit is configured to according to pre-defined rule to t Gear shiftAnd n Driving engineHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and be configured to based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA.Therefore, can assess the use of chaufeur correct gear in this case, and can provide about his feedback to him to the selection of gear.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method that is used for the braking action of assess driver.Explain this method with reference to the diagram of circuit among the figure 2 below.First step S21 confirms when begin braking period.Like what below will make an explanation, this possibly change according to the specific braking situation that will assess.The second step S22 confirms during braking period, to use the time t of the Jake brake of vehicle Jake brakeThird step S23 confirms to be used for the time t that gear changes during braking period Gear shiftThe 4th step S24 confirms when finish braking period, as step S21, should under condition of different, possibly change.The 5th step S25 confirms the total time t of braking period Always, and the 6th step S26 is directed against t according to pre-defined rule Gear shiftHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brakeThe 7th step S27 is based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA.
According to embodiment, based on BA=t Jake brake/ t AlwaysCalculate BA.The result is the BA value between 0 and 1, and as depicted in figure 4, can calculation engine the percentum of braking period of service.
Can depend on the residing at that time situation of vehicle braking period and begin in a different manner.Below we have described some braking situation, wherein, chaufeur can take corrective action reducing vehicle abrasion and consumption of fuel on one's own initiative, and has described and can how detect and assess these measures.
Situation A
In this case, chaufeur has carried out braking on one's own initiative to reduce car speed.Skillful driving person lowers category with the big as far as possible engine brake force of contribution in phase, and avoids driving engine during braking, to have to dally, and idle running will spend fuel.The change speed gear box of vehicle should not get into neutral state yet during the braking, only if under low-down vehicle speed condition.
The braking action that detects and be evaluated at chaufeur among the situation A comprises system that use is explained with reference to figure 1 and the method for being explained with reference to figure 2.For example, after chaufeur is driven a time period, begin glancing impact, braking period, wherein, should not be lowered by above predetermined threshold by car speed during the time period at driver-operated.When chaufeur quickens or car speed when being lower than given threshold value, think that be through with braking period.Confirm to use the time t of Jake brake Jake brake, and, for example when existing power-transfer clutch to use, provide the allowed time that is used to change gear.According to embodiment, rule request then: if t Gear shiftGreater than the maximum allowed time t that is used to change gear that can set Gear shift is maximum, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleIt is the preset time section.This has illustrated in Fig. 3.When vehicle being carried out glancing impact, t through Jake brake Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysIncreased t SampleWhen vehicle changes gear, t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysDo not increase, up to the maximum time t that is used to change gear Gear shift is maximumPass by.If should maximum time over and done with, but still do not have engage a gear, then only with t AlwaysIncrease t SampleRepeat this processing, up to engage a gear or till having finished braking period.
According to embodiment,, need to depend on certain total braking tiem t of car speed for braking is assessed fully Always
Go out as shown in Figure 4, preferably, based on respect to total braking tiem t AlwaysThe time t of use Jake brake Jake brake, provide the BA value to chaufeur with the form of scoring.The expection ratio that Jake brake uses also is the BA value, can depend on car speed.Fig. 4 is depicted as F with BA value boundary Low(v 0) and F High(v 0), F Low(v 0) and F High(v 0) promptly at certain speed of a motor vehicle v 0The boundary of following engine brake force.When the performance of assess driver, for example, the form with symbol and/or mark scoring is shown to him with it.If detect special behavior, for example chaufeur breaks away from power-transfer clutch and under the high speed of a motor vehicle, brakes, and then can on telltale, present prompting to him, does not use power-transfer clutch to remind him, and is to use Jake brake.
When the speed of a motor vehicle descends, make lowering category of coordination when chaufeur, cause do not need fuel to spray and cause on running brake than less wear the time, he is marked better.According to embodiment, also to consider whether to have used the energy brake of vehicle, it can have positive impact thereupon to the braking method scoring of chaufeur.
Situation B
In this case, keep car speed when chaufeur is hoped descending, thereby and guarantee that car speed can not increase.Skillful driving person can carefully lower category, and keeps higher engine speed, and higher engine speed helps reducing the wearing and tearing on the drg.It also is preferable using energy brake in these cases.What at first will consider is the wearing and tearing that reduce on the running brake, also will reduce to cause the risk of the brake overheating of fault.
The braking action of detection and assess driver comprises the method that application reference Fig. 2 is explained in situation B, and the other method step of some shown in Fig. 5.
For example, when vehicle began the descending operation, began braking period.The mode that multiple detection descending operation is arranged.A kind of expection acceleration/accel that is based under certain driving engine output calculates the running resistance of vehicle.Then, can all external force on the vehicle be combined into running resistance, especially comprise gravity, rolling resistance and air resistance.When chaufeur quickens or car speed when being lower than given threshold value or running resistance and being lower than certain value, just think to be through with braking period.
In of the selection of period analysis braking period chaufeur, and calculate two time t to gear Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysAmong Fig. 5, when not using Jake brake, promptly when not having engage a gear yet, t AlwaysIncreased t SamplePreferably, as among the situation A, allow certain hour t here Gear shift is maximumBe used to change gear.According to embodiment, begun and vehicle when being in Jake brake when braking period, during braking period, confirm engine speed n Driving engineThen according to pre-defined rule, to t Gear shiftAnd n Driving engineHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA.Therefore, this assessment has considered how long the speed of driving engine and chaufeur change the gear cost.
According to embodiment, said pre-defined rule requires n Driving engineBoundary value n with engine speed Driving engine is highAnd n Driving engine is lowCompare n Driving engine is highBe higher limit, and n Driving engine is lowIt is lower limit.This provides the mode of a kind of assess driver to the selection of gear.
According to another embodiment, rule request: if n Driving engineGreater than n Driving engine is high, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Jake brakeThen, chaufeur is evaluated as hung correct gear in this case, and used necessary Jake brake.
According to embodiment, if n Driving engineBe less than or equal to n Driving engine is high, then check to see whether chaufeur has used energy brake during braking period.If really so, and if n Driving engineGreater than n Engine exhaust and brake, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Jake brake, n wherein Engine exhaust and brakeBe the engine speed boundary value relevant with energy brake.If control unit receives and during braking period, has used vehicle exhaust braking and n to the effect that Send out MotivationGreater than n Engine exhaust and brakeSignal, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Jake brakeThis makes can also estimate during braking period chaufeur to the use of energy brake.
Correspondingly, according to embodiment, if n Driving engineGreater than n Driving engine is lowAnd less than n Driving engine is high, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t Sample(n Driving engine-n Driving engine is low)/(n Driving engine is high-n Driving engine is low) handle t Jake brakeTherefore, chaufeur carries out Jake brake, but the selection of gear is not best under this situation.Therefore, it is suitable lowering category, and in telltale, it is shown to chaufeur according to embodiment.Then, can calculate and advise suitable gear.
If the engine speed n that is recommending Driving engine reqUnder total engine brake force F Jake brakeGreater than synthetic braking force F Total braking, then need not reduce gear, and not make corrective action, this is because chaufeur should recommendedly not carry out more than essential braking.More than essential braking yes N/R, and finally spent fuel.Therefore, synthetic braking force F Total brakingComprise service brake.The engine speed n that recommends Driving engine reqBe typical example as in order to reduce the threshold value of the required minimum engine speed of car speed during the Jake brake effectively.
According to embodiment, if recommending engine speed n Driving engine reqUnder total engine brake force F Send out Motor brakingBe less than or equal to synthetic braking force F Total brakingIf, and/or n Driving engineBe less than or equal to n Driving engine is low, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, wherein as above-mentioned, t SampleIt is the preset time section.Preferably, advise that then chaufeur lowers category.Here can calculate and advise suitable gear again.
Fig. 6 has described to hope that when chaufeur in the identical speed of a motor vehicle of descending maintenance in service, when also being situation B, engine speed n driving engine is the example how to change during time period t.When the energy brake that this figure also illustrates vehicle during the identical time period opens or closes.Table 1 shows the gear that especially depends on chaufeur during the time period t and selects, and will how to calculate t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake
Table 1
Figure BDA00002276487000081
Figure BDA00002276487000091
According to embodiment, t SampleEqual time period t separately in the top various situation 1To t 9
As shown in Figure 4, after brake operating, with situation A in identical mode, but possibly utilize other parameter, the performance of chaufeur is marked.Also can give chaufeur can be handled analogue next time about him prompting afterwards.
Situation C
In this case, chaufeur is hoped free-wheel, does not quicken subsequently also not brake.For example, this possibly in this case, also need engage a gear in the descending emerged in operation that relaxes, rather than depresses pedal of clutch or use neutral gear.This there is several reasons.For example, driving engine can not dally when having engage a gear, comprises consumption of fuel.Ever-present big risk is: the additional energy that is obtained by free-wheel possibly have to discharge through braking.
Detection and assessment situation C comprise the described method and system of application reference Fig. 1 and 2.According to embodiment,, running resistance begins braking period when reaching the certain value that the indication vehicle just beginning the operation of descending lenitively when being calculated as.When chaufeur quickens, or car speed is lower than given threshold value, or running resistance is just thought to be through with braking period when being lower than certain value.
According to embodiment, this system is configured to receive the information about the traffic conditions of arriving, and the traffic conditions of catering to arriving.For example can receive this information via radio message, this radio message includes the information about the position of traffic conditions.Therefore, can make chaufeur recognize the traffic conditions that car speed need be lowered, for example traffic accident or queuing, and chaufeur can correspondingly be adjusted car speed.Also can receive information via map datum about route and vehicle location about the road conditions that arrives.For example can receive vehicle location via the GPS in the vehicle (global positioning system) unit.Therefore, can make chaufeur recognize the traffic conditions that car speed need descend, for example rotary island, cross roads etc., and chaufeur can correspondingly be adjusted car speed.Another example of road conditions is to need chaufeur to reduce the speed limit of car speed.
Preferably, in order before the traffic conditions of arriving, to reduce or the adjustment car speed, encourage chaufeur to use Jake brake.According to embodiment, when chaufeur only used Jake brake to reduce car speed during braking period, BA praised this operation through maximum braking assessed value, and will encourage prompting to present to him via telltale.Go out as shown in Figure 4, preferably, based on respect to total braking tiem t AlwaysThe time t of use Jake brake Jake brakeGive a mark to chaufeur.The expection ratio that Jake brake uses can depend on car speed.Surpass certain speed and do not have under the situation of engage a gear at vehicle, preferably, provide prompting to chaufeur, to remind his engage a gear or release the clutch pedal via telltale.In this case, preferably, also give him certain hour t Gear shift is maximumChange gear, as among situation A and the B.Under the situation of engage a gear, through giving Jake brake time t in addition Start Mechanism is movingIncrease and give total braking tiem t AlwaysThe as many time t that increases SampleCome chaufeur is praised, this means that the braking assessed value BA that calculates can be higher.
The invention still further relates to the computer program that comprises computer program instructions, this computer program instructions is used to enable said computer system execution each step according to said method when moving on the computer system of this computer program instructions in vehicle.The present invention also comprises makes computer program instructions be stored in the wherein computer program on the medium that can be read by computer system.The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.Can use various replacements, revise and be equal to.Therefore, top embodiment does not limit the scope of the present invention that is limited appended claim.

Claims (14)

1. a method that is used for the braking action of assess driver is characterized in that, said method comprises:
-confirm when begin braking period;
-time t when confirming to use during said braking period the Jake brake of vehicle Jake brake
-confirm the time t that engage a gear spent during said braking period Gear shift
-confirm when finish said braking period;
-confirm the total time t of said braking period Always
-according to pre-defined rule, to t Gear shiftHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA, if said rule request is t Gear shiftGreater than the maximum allowed time t that is used to change gear that can set Gear shift is maximum, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleBe the preset time section, and the said braking assessed value BA that will calculate present to said chaufeur.
2. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, based on BA=t Start Mechanism is moving/ t AlwaysCalculate BA.
3. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, said method comprises:
-confirm the speed n of said driving engine during said braking period Driving engine,
-according to pre-defined rule, to t SampleAnd n Driving engineHandle t AlwaysAnd t Jake brake, and
-based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA.
4. according to any described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, said pre-defined rule requires: with n Driving engineBoundary value n with the speed of said driving engine Driving engine is highAnd n Driving engine is lowCompare n Driving engine is highBe higher limit, and n Driving engine is lowIt is lower limit.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, said rule request: if n Driving engineGreater than n Driving engine is high, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Jake brakeIf, n Driving engineMore than or equal to n Driving engine is lowAnd be less than or equal to n Driving engine is high, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t Sample(n Driving engine-n Driving engine Low)/(n Driving engine is high-n Driving engine is low) handle t Jake brakeIf, and n Driving engineLess than n Driving engine is low, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleIt is the preset time section.
6. according to any described method among the claim 3-5, according to said method, if during said braking period, use the energy brake and the n of said vehicle Driving engineGreater than n Engine exhaust and brake, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Driving engine Braking, n wherein Engine exhaust and brakeBe the engine speed boundary value relevant with said energy brake.
7. a system that is used for the braking action of assess driver is characterized in that, said system comprises:
Control unit, it is connected to and is configured to definite first measuring unit that when begins braking period;
Second measuring unit, the time t of the Jake brake of use vehicle during it is connected to said control unit and is configured to confirm said braking period Jake brake, and comprise t based on this transmission Start mechanism MovingSecond time signal;
The 3rd measuring unit, it is connected to said control unit and is configured to the time t that engage a gear spent during definite said braking period Gear shift, and comprise t based on this transmission Gear shiftThe 3rd time signal; Said first measuring unit is configured to confirm when finish said braking period, confirm the total time t of said braking period Always, and will comprise t based on this AlwaysVery first time signal be sent to said control unit, said control unit also is configured to according to pre-defined rule, to t Gear shiftHandle t AlwaysAnd t Driving engine Braking, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA, if said rule request is t Gear shiftGreater than the maximum allowed time t that is used to change gear that can set Gear shift is maximum, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleBe the preset time section, and the said braking assessed value BA that on telltale, will calculate present to said chaufeur.
8. system according to claim 7, wherein, based on BA=t Jake brake/ t AlwaysCalculate BA.
9. according to any described system in the claim 7 and 8, said system comprises the 4th measuring unit, and said the 4th measuring unit is configured to the speed n of the said driving engine during definite said braking period Driving engineAnd said control unit is configured to according to pre-defined rule, to t Gear shiftAnd n Driving engineHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brakeAnd t AlwaysProcessing costs calculate braking assessed value BA.
10. according to any described system among the claim 7-9, wherein, said pre-defined rule requires: with n Driving engineBoundary value n with the speed of said driving engine Driving engine is highAnd n Driving engine is lowCompare n Driving engine is highBe higher limit, and n Driving engine is lowIt is lower limit.
11. system according to claim 10, wherein, said rule request: if n Driving engineGreater than n Driving engine is high, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Jake brakeIf, n Driving engineMore than or equal to n Driving engine is lowAnd be less than or equal to n Driving engine is high, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Jake brake=t Jake brake+ t Sample(n Driving engine-n Send out Motivation is low)/(n Driving engine is high-n Driving engine is low) handle t Jake brakeIf, and n Driving engineLess than n Driving engine is low, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, t wherein SampleIt is the preset time section.
12., wherein, be illustrated in energy brake and the n that has used said vehicle during said braking period if said control unit receives according to any described system among the claim 9-11 Send out MotivationGreater than n Engine exhaust and brakeSignal, then based on t Always=t Always+ t SampleHandle t Always, and based on t Start mechanism Moving=t Jake brake+ t SampleHandle t Jake brake, n wherein Engine exhaust and brakeBe the engine speed boundary value relevant with said energy brake.
13. computer program that comprises computer program instructions; When moving on the computer system of said computer program instructions in vehicle, said computer program instructions makes said computer system carry out the step according to any described method among the claim 1-6.
14. computer program according to claim 13, wherein, said computer program instructions is stored on the medium, and said medium can be by computer system reads.
CN201180019806XA 2010-04-21 2011-04-18 Method and system for assessing driver's braking behaviour Pending CN102844231A (en)

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Application publication date: 20121226