CN102804727B - For processing the method and apparatus damaging path in peer-to-peer network - Google Patents
For processing the method and apparatus damaging path in peer-to-peer network Download PDFInfo
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- CN102804727B CN102804727B CN201080027147.XA CN201080027147A CN102804727B CN 102804727 B CN102804727 B CN 102804727B CN 201080027147 A CN201080027147 A CN 201080027147A CN 102804727 B CN102804727 B CN 102804727B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/16—Threshold monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
- H04L43/0829—Packet loss
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
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Abstract
A kind of method, including: (a) detects the packet loss in the middle part of peer-to-peer network in divided data packet stream；B () notifies the instruction to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending this part data packet stream corresponding to this packet loss；C (), after threshold time period expires without and receives lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the request of this lost package, this candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending this part data packet stream；And (d) receives this lost package by one of this candidate's equity point。
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to moving communicating field, and more particularly, to mobile equity streaming。
Background technology
This part aims to provide background or the context of the present invention recorded in detail in the claims。Here description may be configured to the concept sought, but these concepts are not necessarily the concepts previously having had already envisaged for or having sought。Therefore unless indicated separately at this, otherwise the content described in this part be not the prior art for specification and claims in this application, also not because being comprised in this section and being recognized as prior art。
Equity (P2P) is just becoming the potential subversiveness technology for being distributed content to mobile equipment by the Internet。Its by reduce to the demand of centralized server to traditional, provide alternatives based on the mode of client-server。After known P2P file-sharing, real-time P2P streaming more recently just catches on。Real-time P2P streaming has multiple advantage, and it supports the new opplication for other participants (player) in end user and value chain and business model。Such as, P2P streaming technology allows the end user of mobile equipment by its content having of Internet Broadcast。This task can be done in real time without special infrastructure, because the equipment of user together form infrastructure together with the every other equity point (peer) in network。Each equity point additionally, be different from the existing content distribution techniques that need nonetheless remain for private server, server can be no longer necessary in P2P streaming network, because can send data to other equity point。
These distributed natures make real-time P2P streaming become intrinsic extendible technology, its content allowing to distribute unprecedented quantity from the content provider including end user。Additionally, P2P streaming has the potentiality of the subversiveness technology become in broadcast world in real time, because each equity point in network can become independent broadcasting equipment。This is especially true when the content angle generated from the user increased sharply at present considers。
The situ flow transmission of content and video request program (VoD) streaming are can effectively to utilize two kinds of example application of P2P streaming。Use situ flow is transmitted, and what user's generally equity point from P2P network received such as competitive sports etc carries out middle event。User thus can start to watch live after initial buffering delay。Additionally, all equity point in situ flow transmission sight consume the content in identical time frame。Using VoD streaming, user can ask desired video from catalogue, and after the delay being associated with the initial buffer of content, this user can start anew to watch requested video。From the viewpoint of device fabrication and use, on-the-spot and VoDP2P streaming application has multiple important benefit。Such as, being formed with the file waiting for downloads complete and compare, user only can watch selected program after the short delay being associated with the buffering of content。This feature also reduces device memory requirement, and allows memory resource to other application distribution, and this feature is particularly useful for the mobile equipment with relatively small internal storage。
The performance of Consumer's Experience and real-time P2P streaming service is highly dependent on the content availability at equity point place, source。But, the equity point in P2P streaming environment currently can not assess the availability of the desired content at other equity point places being arranged in this P2P streaming network effectively。
Summary of the invention
In one aspect of the invention, a kind of method, including: (a) detects the packet loss in peer-to-peer network in part (partial) data packet stream；B () notifies the instruction to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending this part data packet stream corresponding to this packet loss；C () meeting threshold parameter without after receiving lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the request of this lost package, this candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending this part data packet stream；And (d) receives this lost package by one of this candidate's equity point。
In one embodiment, meeting threshold parameter is expiring of threshold time period。
In one embodiment, the method also includes signaling and notifies that one or more downstreams equity point has been notified of the instruction of this packet loss to source equity point signaling。
In one embodiment, the method also includes, when receiving the lost package of re-transmission, to detecting that this packet loss is previously at one or more equity point signalings notice of upstream and receives the instruction of this lost package。
In one embodiment, this part data packet stream is received by RTP (RTP)。B the signaling notice in () can use RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)。C the signaling notice in () can use real time streaming transport protocol (RTSP)。C the signaling notice of the use real time streaming transport protocol (RTSP) in () can include setting up the RTP session with candidate's equity point。
In a still further aspect thereof, a kind of device, including processor and the memory cell being communicably connected to this processor。This memory cell includes the computer code of (a) packet loss for detecting in the middle part of peer-to-peer network in divided data packet stream；B () for notifying the computer code of the instruction to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending this part data packet stream corresponding to this packet loss；C () is for after threshold time period expires without and receives lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the computer code of the request of this lost package, this candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending this part data packet stream；And (d) for receiving the computer code of this lost package by one of this candidate's equity point。
In a still further aspect thereof, a kind of computer program, embodies on a computer-readable medium and includes: the computer code of (a) packet loss for detecting in the middle part of peer-to-peer network in divided data packet stream；B () for notifying the computer code of the instruction to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending this part data packet stream corresponding to this packet loss；C () is for after threshold time period expires without and receives lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the computer code of the request of this lost package, this candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending this part data packet stream；And (d) for receiving the computer code of this lost package by one of this candidate's equity point。
Described in detail below by together with annexed drawings, these and other advantages of the various embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from together with tissue and the mode of its operation with feature。
Accompanying drawing explanation
With reference to the accompanying drawing enclosed, embodiments of the present invention are described, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the exemplary P2P schematic diagram arranged；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the exemplary retransmission using RTCP；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the exemplary retransmission using RTSP；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the signaling in the damage streaming path for recovered part RTP session；
Fig. 5 be a diagram that the flow chart of retransmission processes according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the overview that can be implemented in system therein for the various embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 7 illustrates the perspective view of the example electronic device that can use according to the various embodiments of the present invention；And
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that can include the circuit in the electronic equipment of Fig. 7。
Detailed description of the invention
In the following description, details and description are illustrated for illustrative not limiting purpose, in order to provide thorough understanding of the present invention。But, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that ground, the present invention can practice in departing from other embodiments of these details and description。
In traditional streaming based on real-time protocol (RTP) (RTP)/RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) is applied, one or more receptors are connected to single transmitter。Although would be likely to occur multiple server when multiparty teleconferencing, but the receptor of specific RTP session only obtains data from single transmitter。In this type of application, the fault in network path between transmitters and receivers may result in packet loss。
Some mechanism can be used for the re-transmission of lost package。One process includes being notified this loss by receptor signaling and being retransmitted lost package by transmitter。The method lost to transmitter signaling notification package is to use general negative response (NACK) RTCP message。
In this type of distributed equity (P2P) streaming is applied, it is possible to use single medium Traffic Decomposition is less subflow by such as scalable video (SVC) or multiple description coded (MDC)。In a system, single RTP session (that is, Media Stream) is broken down into less part RTP session。These methods allow to be simultaneously emitted by single medium stream (such as audio or video component) by multiple transmitters。
Therefore, each subflow that just simultaneously can also send Media Stream at the equity point of Consuming media stream to other equity point。Owing to equity point can arbitrarily add or leave service, therefore it is likely to be temporarily interrupted to the stream that receptor sends as subflow, thus drawing another reason of packet loss in peer system。
Therefore, in transmitters equity environment, it is possible to cause that the reason of experience packet loss may include that
1. network failure: this is " traditional " reason based on the packet loss in the media flow transmission of RTP/RTCP, is wherein likely to the path lost package along wireless network。Generally, receive at the bag restarting routine afterwards of bursting of lost package。
2. equity point disturbance (churn): this reason is exclusive in equity environment, and wherein the equity point in overlay network arrives and departs from according to dynamical fashion (that is, equity point disturbance)。This reason occurs due to unexpected, the uncontrolled and unexpected disappearance (such as, owing to equity point fault or equity point are cancelled) of transmitter, thus is receiving equity point place lost package。
When receiving equity point and packet loss being detected, receive equity point and may be unaware which case above result in the packet loss experienced。
Therefore, as it has been described above, traditional signaling solution based on RTCP cannot be competent in equity situation, signaling notifies lost package。When the fully out network of transmitter, keep sending general NACKRTCP message and notify that lost package is insignificant with signaling, because the transmitter that they can not be left forever receives。Due to " effectively " transmitter no longer up to, therefore receptor is not known to which transmitter addressing repeat requests。Additionally, repeating method should be extendible。
With reference to Fig. 1, which schematically illustrate exemplary P2P and arrange。As shown in fig. 1, once single connection 102 becomes temporarily unavailable (as indicated) by X, then all equity point in area of isolation 104 can start signaling notification package loss or explicitly start request retransmission。This can occur when leaving overlay network along the equity point (such as, equity point 106) returning to source equity point 108 (such as, original source)。In this case, directly from leaving equity point (such as, equity point 110) that equity point 106 is received and every other downstream equity point (such as, equity point 112) can start the same data of request retransmission。
Run through system, this type of of repeat requests is propagated and diffusion is undesirable and should be avoided by (or at least for controlling), in order to allow solution to expand to bigger network size。Embodiments of the present invention provide extensible mechanism with the request re-transmission to lost package in the network (being those based on the network of RTP/RTCP and RTSP agreement especially) based on equity。In this regard, embodiments of the present invention relate to how that signaling notification package is lost and how to maintain extensibility。Various mechanism can be used to realize the re-transmission of reality。
General NACK message based on RTCP is used for losing from receptor to transmitter signaling notification package in traditional streaming application。Referring now to Fig. 2, which illustrates the various methods using RTCP for this purpose in equity environment。
In fig. 2, equity point Y receives audio frequency, video section 0 and video section 1 from " audio frequency " equity point, " video 0 " equity point and " video 1 " equity point respectively。In this example, equity point Y detects the packet loss from " video 0 " equity point。Use RTCP, equity point Y that RTCP can be used in such a way to lose to other equity point signaling notification packages:
(1) conventional RTCP: general NACKRTCP receptor report (RR) can be sent。In this case, RTCPRR notifies this loss for the transmission equity point signaling obtaining lost package to expection from which。This is considered routine operation。
(2) extension RTCP:RTCP may be used for not being the equity point signaling notice loss first sending disappearance bag。But, the equity point receiving this RTCP message sends different parts from identical RTP session。This by the range expansion of original RTP/RTCP specification to beyond its conventional use of scope。
(3) RTSP+RTCP: owing to RTCP is only used for there is RTP situation about connecting, and owing to being not set up Media Stream in advance, therefore RTSP is necessarily used for setting up RTP session between equity point。In this case, it is provided that the sole purpose of rtp streaming is in that to retransmit lost package。But, use for this purpose RTSP header fields come signaling notice lost package be likely to more suitable。
In general, RTCP is appropriate only for (that is, at least one RTP session is still underway) requesting retransmission data when sending equity point and still can use。Otherwise, RTSP will must be used to set up new stream。
Additionally, in RTCP Already in great majority realization。Therefore, the mode that this signaling notification package is lost is compatible with current specification。Owing to together with regular RTCP Receiver Report general NACK message sent along (such as, in compound rtcp message), therefore amount of overhead is only small。
Alternatively, RTSPPLAY method may be used for request retransmission lost package。According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that such as extend so that it is possibly realized for the header fields of RTSP1.0 (new header fields) and RTSP2.0 (extension to existing range header field)。
Referring now to Fig. 3, which illustrates the configuration identical with above with respect to the configuration described by Fig. 2。In figure 3, equity point Y has gone through from the packet loss in " video 0 " equity point (source) and is asking via RTSP in such a way from the re-transmission to lost package of alternative equity point。
(1) RTSPPLAY: this is to have used RTSP to establish the situation of applicable Media Stream in advance。Directly can send PLAY message to equity point。
(2) RTSPSETUP+RTSPPLAY: this situation is the new equity point that have selected and just do not sending the Media Stream being suitable for that may be used for re-transmission。RTSPSETUP is initially used for creating the connection between equity point, and PLAY is used subsequently to request lost package。
In order to accelerate reconnect process, it is possible to use so-called " streamline (pipelining) " combines RTSPSETUP message and PLAY message。Additional detail for " streamline ", it is referred to IETERFC2326bis, " RealTimeStreamingProtocol2.0 (real time streaming transport protocol 2.0) " (RTSP) draft-ietf-mmusic-rfc2326bis and third generation partner program；Technical specification group service and system aspects；Transparent equity packet switch streaming service (PSS)；Agreement and codec (version 8)。About the RTCP method described before, the method based on RTSP causes bigger impact in message overhead and delay。
Therefore, current all improper with upper type, because current header fields syntax does not allow the playback (or re-transmission) asked individually bag or limited bag range of convergence。Current header fields syntax allows time-based scope, but these are not enough to uniquely single bag is addressed。However, it is possible to use simple extension overcomes this restriction。A kind of this type of extension is described below。
According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to achieve two benches process is to allow lost package carries out extendible and effective re-transmission when there is network failure and/or unexpected equity point disturbance。Embodiments of the present invention are intended to use existing mechanism and add extension to Current specifications, to process network and thus situation when cannot retransmit lost package of such as having been moved off when equity point。
At multiple equity point due to single reason (such as, fault or the equity point left) and ask in the situation of lost package simultaneously, extensibility is preferably used for placing traveling wave transmission (ripple-through) effect (or snowslide) of repeat requests。
According to the embodiment of the present invention, retransmission processes can include two stages。In the first phase, it is possible to conventionally use RTCP with to sending equity point signaling notification package loss with the mode of extension。Transmitter can retransmit the lost package of signaling notice then to corresponding equity point。In second stage, exceeding certain timeout value (Tr) when, RTSP may be used for setting up new connection and using the extended edition of RTSPPLAY method originally to obtain lost package。In various embodiments, although can predetermined timeout value (Tr), but it can also depend on that various parameter changes。Additionally, may be used for promoting extensibility to the special signaling of " pending repeat requests " and " having solved packet loss "。
It is described below the example implementation of two benches process according to the embodiment of the present invention。
Stage 1: based on the re-transmission of RTCP
In response to packet loss being detected, receive equity point and RTCP receptor report (RR) message can be used to lose to transmitter signaling notification package。In this regard, receive equity point not explicit request to retransmit；It is only to sending which bag is equity point signaling notice lost。Send equity point then to can decide how to respond this information。The general NACK message for the RTCP RTP extended audio Video Profile feeding back (RTP/AVPF) profile can be used to realize by receiving the signaling notice that equity point carries out。Additional detail for RTP/AVPF, it is possible to reference to RFC4585。
As shown in Figure 2, it is possible to realize in various ways from receiving the signaling notice that equity point carries out。Can postback to the equity point expecting disappearance bag and signal packet loss。In fig. 2, this option is referred to as " routine "。This option is similar to the routine operation of the general NACK message lost for signaling notification package。In one embodiment, " routine " option can be replaced or the RTCP receptor that sends other equity point transmission of different piece stream (such as, the subflow of same audio or video media) from same RTP session similar except extroversion of " routine " option is reported。In fig. 2, this is referred to as " extension " option。
Stage 2: based on the re-transmission of RTSP
If reconnecting threshold value T at certainrInside it is not received by by receiving the bag that equity point signaling notice is loss, then receiving equity point and intelligence equity point selection algorithm can being used to select alternate source equity point。In one embodiment, as discussed below in greater detail, timeout value TrCan such as Network Based and buffer delay。
Can be that forward has received the equity point that equity point sends other Media Streams of same service by the candidate's alternate source equity point sending repeat requests。For example, referring to Fig. 3, candidate's alternate source equity point can be " audio frequency " equity point, can receive the audio stream of service from it。In other embodiments, candidate's alternate source equity point can be diverse equity point, the equity point X of such as Fig. 3。In the stage 2, candidate's equity point is just to have sent other equity point from outside the equity point of other parts of same RTP session；This type of equity point should be considered to be arranged in the above-mentioned stage 1。Use the re-transmission that SETUP and RTSPPLAY method is explicitly asked from alternate source equity point by setting up new RTP to connect。Some embodiment according to the present invention, as described below, it is possible to the header fields of PLAY method is expanded to the request allowed independent lost package and lost package scope。
If using RTSP, then alternative connection can be set up (such as, open, to restart the playback operation of routine after the alternative connection of traverse) by permanent or only be used for obtaining lost package。If forever set up, then abandon old existing connection and play back use new source equity point restart。Restart playback to occur after having been received by independent lost package。If alternative connection is only used for obtaining lost package, then TEARDOWN (dismounting) method can be used to remove after having been received by lost package and connect。
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to connect, by staying open backup RTSP for the purpose of request retransmission lost package when other equity point faults, the speed improving re-transmission。Therefore, in this regard, except retransmitting lost package, connect, through backup RTSP, the streaming that reality does not occur。This allows Fault recovery faster, because eliminate SETUP time and a two-way time thus from retransmission processes。Noting, similar performance improvement can also by such as carrying out pipeline processes to RTSPSETUP and PLAY method and realize described in RTSP2.0 and 3GPPPSS。
Referring now to Fig. 4, embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of signaling informing mechanism, which obviate and are in the multiple equity point signalings notice lost package damaging downstream, trouble point in path。In equity streaming environment, this path is considered as in the graph in fig. 4, from the original source equity point (equity point A) of the root of chart to the sequence of the line of the last equity point (such as, equity point E) of the leaf of chart。
According to the embodiment of the present invention, signaling can include the instruction to the pending request retransmitting (on data stream direction from original source to leaf) for downstream in the graph in fig. 4。Therefore, when lacking bag (such as, when lost package), it is possible to transmission information is to know loss to reception equity point indicator-transmitter。Additionally, embodiments of the present invention can provide the signaling to the bag recovered in the upstream direction (on the rightabout of data stream, from the leaf of chart to original source)。This upstream signaling may be used for effectively reconnecting to other equity point and signaling notice has solved damage routing problem。
Illustrate the example of above-mentioned upstream and downstream signaling in the diagram。Fig. 4 illustrates the chart delivering stream representing specific part RTP session (being illustrated by the solid line in Fig. 4) in network。In the diagram of Fig. 4, equity point B breaks down and makes downstream equity point C, D, E and H experience packet loss。Identical packet loss can also be caused by the fault network link between equity point B and equity point C。Along with packet loss, equity point C, D, E and H can start request retransmission, and are therefore filled with (flood) network by the redundant retransmission of same lost package。Accordingly, it is possible to the efficiency of entail dangers to system and extensibility。
According to the embodiment of the present invention, equity point downstream can notify pending repeat requests and upstream signaling notice can recover lost package by signaling。In the example of fig. 4, once it transmits repeat requests, then equity point C can transmit pending repeat requests along the path downstream limited by equity point D, E and H, thus eliminating the possible independent repeat requests from downstream equity point D, E and H。In one embodiment, as described in greater detail below, this is by using the extension of RTCP receptor report to realize。When receiving equity point experience packet loss, receiving equity point can infer packet loss at it and send for, before the request that retransmits, waiting for a period of time, this period can be predetermined, random or based on other factors。
This downstream signaling decreases the time that specific equity point detection packet loss spends, because when lacking bag, signaling can be used for the loss of instruction bag。Therefore, downstream equity point can without waiting for a period of time inferring before somewhere, upstream lost bag。This can also help to reduce recovery time, because being likely to take Fault recovery measure in the stage earlier。
When the pending upstream repeat requests of peer discovery, its can (1) wait until from send equity point receive lost package；Or (2) select to take the Fault recovery measure of their own。In situation (1), once upstream equity point has found alternate source or originally transmitted equity point to recover from situation of problem, then downstream equity point can receive lost package。In situation (2), downstream equity point can utilize the knowledge obtained from the pending repeat requests sent to attempt in advance finding other equity point sources。
Once any equity point along the path of chart forms work recovery lost package already by reconnecting to believable equity point, then it upstream can notify this recovery with downstream signaling。Which improve the automatic recovery ability of peer system。
Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the covering of peer-to-peer network can by setting up new path, jointly being reorganized by the distribution equity point of coordination effort in the graph。Referring again to Fig. 4, by equity point D, this found that before sending equity point C solution problem alternate source equity point F illustrates。When receiving the signaling to new source equity point from equity point D, equity point C can elect exchange role and use equity point D as the new source equity point for the RTP session of this specific part。Therefore, involved equity point constructs the streaming chart (being indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 4) made new advances jointly。
Other embodiments according to the present invention, replace the explicit signaling to pending repeat requests and the bag of recovery, send equity point and can also select optionally to ignore the packet loss from the signaling notice receiving equity point。This extensive (redundancy) to lost package being also possible to prevent to run through peer system retransmits。But, due to sending equity point and receiving between equity point explicit signaling does not occur, therefore compared to signaling described above, this be expected to be efficiency and extensibility less alternative。
Illustrate in detail the operation including the two benches process to pending re-transmission and the signaling of the bag of recovery in a flow chart in figure 5。At block 502 place, equity point receives RTP bag in a conventional manner。At block 504 place, receive equity point and may determine that bag is lost。In this regard, as described below, if being not received by bag in one period of scheduled time in particular portion taps, then packet loss can be detected。Without packet loss being detected, then process returns block 502 and continues to RTP bag。
If packet loss being detected at block 504 place, then process proceeds to block 506 and enters the first stage of two benches recovery process。At block 506 place, it may be determined that receive whether equity point is in activity pattern。As it has been described above, in this regard, equity point can wait until that flow path problem is solved, or alternatively, seeks in advance to solve this problem。If equity point is not on first row mode (pro-activemode), then process proceeds to block 508 and waits for a period of time to allow routing problem to be solved。After this period, process proceeds to block 510 and determines whether to be made that the instruction to the upstream requests for retransmitting。If having been received by this instruction, then process proceeds to block 512 and waits for a period of time to allow upstream equity point obtain lost package and then proceed to block 514。At block 514 place, if it is determined that have been received by lost package, then process returns block 502 and continues or restart to receive stream。If determining at block 514 place and not yet receiving lost package, then process returns block 512 and again waits for this period。
On the other hand, if at 510 places, it is determined that not yet make the upstream requests for retransmitting, then process proceeds to block 516。Similarly, if at block 506 place, it is determined that equity point is in first row mode, then process proceeds to block 516。
At block 516 place, as it has been described above, equity point uses the instruction to lost package of the RTCP signaling notice downstream equity point。Similarly, at 518 places, this equity point upstream equity point signaling notifies an instruction, namely have sent the instruction of lost package and therefore have sent for the request retransmitted。Therefore, the request that peer-to-peer network is not used to retransmit is full of。Equity point then waits for a period of time (block 520) and determines whether to have been received by lost package (block 522)。If having been received by bag, then process returns block 502 and continues or restart to receive RTP bag。
On the other hand, if determining at block 522 place and not yet receiving lost package, it is determined that whether threshold time period expires (block 524)。If this threshold time period is not yet expired, then process repeatable block 520 and block 522。If this threshold time period expires, then process enters the second stage of two benches process。
In second stage, as it has been described above, equity point uses RTSP to send the request (block 526) for retransmitting。At block 528 place, it is determined whether received RTSP and connected。Although it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that uses RTSP for signaling with reference to Fig. 5 embodiment described but it also may use other signaling mechanisms, and they are also contemplated within the scope of the invention。
Without accepting this connection, then process returns block 526, until this connection is accepted。Once this connection is accepted, then equity point waits (block 530) and determines whether to have received that lost package (block 532)。Once lost package is received, then this equity point upstream equity point and the instruction (block 534) to recovering of the downstream equity point signaling notice。Process then returns block 502 and continues or restart to receive RTP bag。
In some embodiments, it is provided that additional extensibility mechanism is to avoid the overload of upstream repeat requests。In this regard, postpone for sending the proportional delay in equity point position in the data flow transmission route transmission to repeat requests (or upstream packet loss signaling), and this transmission has additional random component。In one embodiment, the delay for sending request can be defined below:
Wherein α is from the random number selected between 0 and 1。The random nature of α is in order to make the delay requirement variation between the equity point in the same levels in path。In superincumbent equation, " current equity point position " is the position that equity point is lighted from original source equity in the paths。Such as, in the solid-line paths of Fig. 4, the current equity point position for equity point C is 2 (A to B arrives C)；And the maximum path degree of depth is 4 (A to B to C to D to E)。Additionally, DmaxIt is postpone for maximum permission theing recover to wrap。This compensation mechanism can be the part that the delay in Fig. 5 builds block (block 508)。
As it has been described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, two benches process is utilized to solve the problem relevant with the lost package caused due to accidental damage streaming path。In one embodiment, from the first stage to the transformation of second stage based on reconnecting threshold value TrExpire。In one embodiment, it is possible to as described in the following paragraphs, calculate the lower boundary of this threshold value。
When lost package is not at the end of part stream, with a part stream bag packet between without waiting for。Belong to the time between with two bag packets of part stream by defined below:
Portion size (in units of millisecond) * (number-1 of part)。
But, if bag is the last bag in bag packet, then should add general networks length of delay to above-mentioned value。Can by such as RTSP request response pairing or the information computing network length of delay sent by another equity point。Additionally, additional period value should be added, to avoid overloading network by repeat requests。
The value of minimum threshold=[portion size (in units of millisecond) the * number-1 of part ()+calculate network delay (by RTSP message)]+[giving equity point to repair the time of their missing data part]
When the first stage that the value of this minimum threshold is determined for retransmitting starts (such as, using RTCP to carry out signaling notification package to lose)。This minimum threshold serves as the lower boundary as the value changed to second stage (such as, RTSP) from the first stage (such as, RTCP)。Therefore, this minima serves as the basis for changing and the minima for changing to second stage from routine to the first stage。In this regard, use second value for determining the rear actual transition to second stage at minimum threshold。This second value representing the threshold value for changing from the first stage to second stage guarantees the additional latency for allowing the re-transmission (such as, first stage) based on RTCP to come into force。These values are used when using part RTP session。Divide in the situation of streaming data at differently (such as, use SVC or MDC), it is possible to apply similar consideration。
According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to by including serial number " bag scope (Packet-Range) " the header fields extension RTSPPLAY message of disappearance bag。According to an embodiment, illustrate the form of " bag scope " header field value below according to ABNF form。
Bag scope=" bag scope " ": " 1* scope classifier
Scope classifier=1*DIGIT ["-" [1*DIGIT]] "；"
The example message sent in successful repeat requests described below。RTSP method can be expanded to and include at ' additional ' RTP2P-v1 ' signature in demand (Require) ' header fields。This signature makes to receive equity point can detect needs for the real-time P2P support extended。Additionally, RTSP message can include that ' equity point Id (Peer-Id) ' header fields is to indicate message source。
PLAYrtsp://192.168.0.2:8555/87/0RTSP/1.0
CSeq:327750
Require:RTP2P-v1
Packet-Range:13300-13313；13589；
Peer-Id:431
RTSP/1.0200OK
CSeq:327750
Peer-Id:430
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the message format of the packet loss for signaling pending repeat requests and recovery can have multiple format。The following describe two kinds of example embodiment。Each embodiment in these two kinds of embodiments includes public bag Fonnat part, and each embodiment includes different report blocks forms。Common segment form can be such that
Different Packet type (PT) should be used for pending repeat requests on the one hand, on the other hand the packet loss for recovering。Synchronisation source (SSRC) mark has pending repeat requests or the equity point recovered from some packet loss。Feedback message type (FMT) value is corresponding to different use-cases。
In one embodiment, the corresponding relation between FMT value and use-case can be such that
FMT=2 (pending gap NACK)；
FMT=3 (pending general NACK)；
FMT=4 (the gap ACK of recovery)；
FMT=5 (the general ACK of recovery)。
In one embodiment, report blocks form can be such that
Being similar to ACK and general NACK message, " PID " is similar to the serial number of loss (or recovery) the first bag。When FMT=2 or FMT=4, packet loss or recovery bitmask (BLP) field references of number (NPLR)/follow-up lost package from the number of the PID bag lost or recover forward, do not include the bag with PID itself。When FMT=3 or FMT=5, the bitmask that this field references is identical with the syntax and semantic of the BLP field used in the general NACK message specified in RFC4585。
In this second embodiment, the corresponding relation between FMT value and use-case can be such that
FMT=6 (pending repeat requests)；
FMT=7 (loss of recovery)。
In this embodiment, report blocks form can be such that
Again, " PID " is similar to the serial number of (or recovery) first bag of loss。Ensuing 15 of form (F) field instruction is to represent the bitmask of the bag next lost or recover or represent the number of the bag lost or recover。In this regard, F=0 indicates the gap ACK of pending gap NACK or recovery, and F=1 indicates the general ACK of pending general NACK or recovery。When F=0, NPLR/BLP field references, from the PID number of bag lost or recover forward, does not include the bag with PID itself。When F=1, the bitmask that this field references is identical with the syntax and semantic of the BLP field used in the general NACK message specified in RFC4585。
Equity point can assemble this information from afferent stream, and sends it to reception equity point on stream spreading out of, and is particularly arranged in service and time non-constant what part flowed。In practice, this be when particular media stream equity point be transferred into and out connect situation when being divided into different number of part。
In other embodiments, it is possible to achieve the coding of different operating length。One embodiment allows to include the length of error burst and the more multiregion of starting point in a single message (with more compressed format)。
Fig. 6 is shown in which to use the system 10 of the various embodiments of the present invention, and it includes multiple communication equipment that can be communicated by one or more networks。System 10 can include any combination of cable network or wireless network, includes but not limited to mobile telephone network, WLAN (LAN), BlueTooth PAN, ethernet lan, token ring lan, wide area network, the Internet etc.。System 10 can include wire communication facility and Wireless Telecom Equipment。
In order to illustrate, the system 10 shown in Fig. 6 includes mobile telephone network 11 and the Internet 28。To the Internet 28 connection can and include but not limited to that remote-wireless connects, short-distance wireless connects, and various wired connection includes but not limited to telephone wire, cable, power line etc.。
The exemplary communication device of system 10 can include but not limited to the electronic equipment 12 taken the following form: mobile phone, combination personal digital assistant (PDA) and mobile phone 14, PDA16, integrated messaging device (IMD) 18, desk computer 20, notebook 22 etc.。Communication equipment can be fixing or be mobile as when being carried by the individual of movement。Communication equipment can also be arranged in Transportation Model, and it includes but not limited to automobile, truck, taxi, bus, train, ship, aircraft, bicycle, motorcycle etc.。Some or all communication equipment can send and receive calling and message, and by the wireless connections 25 of base station 24 and service provider communications。Base station 24 may be coupled to the webserver 26, and the webserver 26 allows the communication between mobile telephone network 11 and the Internet 28。System 10 can include additional communication devices and different types of communication equipment。
Communication equipment can use various transmission technology to communicate, and these technology include but not limited to CDMA (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service (UMTS), time division multiple acess (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), sending and receiving short messages service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Email, instant message transrecieving service (IMS), bluetooth, IEEE802.11 etc.。The communication equipment related in the various embodiments realize the present invention can use various media such as including but not limited to radio, infrared ray, laser, cable connection to communicate。
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates a representational electronic equipment 28, and the various embodiments according to the present invention, electronic equipment 28 can serve as network node。It will be appreciated, however, that the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to a kind of certain types of equipment。The electronic equipment 28 of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 includes shell 30, take the display 32 of liquid crystal display form, keypad 34, mike 36, receiver 38, battery 40, infrared port 42, antenna 44, take the smart card 46 of UICC form, card reader 48, radio interface circuit 52, codec circuitry 54, controller 56 and memorizer 58 according to an embodiment。Said modules supports that electronic equipment 28 sends various message to other equipment that may be located at according to the embodiment of the present invention on network or receives from it various message。Individual other circuit and element are all kinds as known in the art, for instance in the scope of the mobile phone of Nokia。
Various embodiment described here is described in the general context of method step or process, the method step or process can realize in computer program a embodiment, this product is presented as computer-readable medium, and it includes the computer executable instructions (such as program code) performed by the computer in network environment。Computer-readable medium can include removable and nonremovable storage device, and it includes but not limited to read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD) etc.。Generally, program module can include performing particular task or realizing the routine of particular abstract data type, program, object, assembly, data structure etc.。Computer executable instructions, the data structure being associated and program module represent the example of the program code for the step performing method described here。The particular sequence of this type of executable instruction or the data structure being associated represent the example for realizing the corresponding actions in the function described in this type of step or process。
Embodiments of the present invention can realize with the combination of software, hardware, application logic or software, hardware and application logic。This software, application logic and/or hardware may be located on such as chipset, mobile equipment, desk computer, laptop computer or server。The software of various embodiments and web realize using the standardization program designing technique with rule-based logic and other logics to realize, thus realizing various database search or process, associated steps or process, comparison step or process and deciding step or process。Various embodiments can also fully or partly realize in network element or module。It should be noted that, as used at this and in the claims below, realization that wording " assembly " and " module " are intended to include to use a line or multirow software code and/or hardware realization and/or equipment for receiving manual inputs。
Present the foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention for the purpose of illustration and description。That it is not intended to limit or limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, according to teachings above, amendment or modification are possible or can be obtained by the practice to the present invention。Select and describe embodiment to illustrate that principles of the invention and practical application thereof, thus supporting that those skilled in the art are suitable for the various amendments of desired specific use to utilize the present invention according to various embodiments and utilization。
Claims (20)
1. the method for communicating, including:
Packet loss (504) in divided data packet stream in the middle part of (a) detection peer-to-peer network；
B () notifies the instruction (518) to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending the described part data packet stream corresponding to described packet loss；
C () is meeting threshold parameter without (524) after receiving lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the request of described lost package, described candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending described part data packet stream；And
D () receives described lost package by one of described candidate's equity point。
2. method according to claim 1, wherein said meet threshold parameter be threshold time period expire。
3. method according to claim 1, also includes:
It has been notified of the instruction of described packet loss to source equity point signaling to one or more downstreams equity point signaling notice。
4. method according to claim 1, also includes:
When receiving the lost package of re-transmission, to detecting that described packet loss is previously at the instruction (534) of one or more equity point signalings notice described lost package of reception of upstream。
5. the method according to any one in claim 1-4, wherein receives described part data packet stream by RTP (RTP)。
6. method according to claim 5, wherein the notice of the described signaling in (b) uses RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)。
7. method according to claim 5, wherein the notice of the described signaling in (c) uses real time streaming transport protocol (RTSP)。
8. method according to claim 7, wherein the described signaling notice of the use real time streaming transport protocol (RTSP) in (c) includes setting up the RTP session with candidate's equity point。
9. the device for communicating, including:
Processor；And
Memory cell, it is communicably connected to described processor, and wherein said processor is configured to:
Packet loss in divided data packet stream in the middle part of (a) detection peer-to-peer network；
B () notifies the instruction to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending the described part data packet stream corresponding to described packet loss；
C () meeting threshold parameter without after receiving lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the request of described lost package, described candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending described part data packet stream；And
D () receives described lost package by one of described candidate's equity point。
10. device according to claim 9, wherein said meet threshold parameter be threshold time period expire。
11. device according to claim 9, wherein said processor is also configured to
It has been notified of the instruction of described packet loss to source equity point signaling to one or more downstreams equity point signaling notice。
12. device according to claim 9, wherein said processor is also configured to
When receiving the lost package of re-transmission, to detecting that described packet loss is previously at the instruction of one or more equity point signalings notice described lost package of reception of upstream。
13. the device according to any one in claim 9-12, wherein receive described part data packet stream by RTP (RTP)。
14. device according to claim 13, the described signaling notice in (b) uses RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)。
15. device according to claim 13, the described signaling notice in (c) uses real time streaming transport protocol (RTSP)。
16. device according to claim 15, wherein the described signaling notice of the use real time streaming transport protocol (RTSP) in (c) includes setting up the RTP session with candidate's equity point。
17. for the equipment communicated, including:
The device of (a) packet loss for detecting in the middle part of peer-to-peer network in divided data packet stream；
B () for notifying the device of the instruction to lost package to the one or more transmission equity point signalings sending the described part data packet stream corresponding to described packet loss；
C (), for meeting threshold parameter without after receiving lost package, to one or more candidate's equity point signalings notice for retransmitting the device of the request of described lost package, described candidate's equity point is the equity point not sending described part data packet stream；And
D () for receiving the device of described lost package by one of described candidate's equity point。
18. equipment according to claim 17, wherein said meet threshold parameter be threshold time period expire。
19. equipment according to claim 17, also include:
For being notified of the device of the instruction of described packet loss to source equity point signaling to one or more downstreams equity point signaling notice。
20. equipment according to claim 17, also include:
For when receiving the lost package of re-transmission, receiving the device of the instruction of described lost package to the one or more equity point signalings notice being previously at upstream at the described packet loss of detection。
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| CN102804727A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| PT2446602E (en) | 2015-05-25 |
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| US9912568B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
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