CN102798412B - Method for evaluating construction quality of tunnel drilling and blasting based on three-dimensional laser scanning - Google Patents
Method for evaluating construction quality of tunnel drilling and blasting based on three-dimensional laser scanning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the construction quality of a tunnel, and discloses a method for evaluating the construction quality of tunnel drilling and blasting based on three-dimensional laser scanning. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring data by adopting a tunnel data acquisition module at first, and then processing the acquired data by adopting a tunnel data pre-processing module, building a tunnel three-dimensional model building module according to the processed result, performing post-processing by adopting a tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module, and finally, evaluating the result by adopting a tunnel drilling and blasting quality evaluation module. The method discloses by the invention has the advantages of being wide in measurement range, strong in applicability, high in automation degree, and good in reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of constructing tunnel grade estimation, relate in particular to a kind of method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Background technology
Tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality is related to safety and the benefit of engineering.To adopting the Deep-buried Long And Big Tunnels of drill bursting construction, its country rock is heterogeneous anisotropic discontinuum, existing explosion design parameter is determined according to experimental formula and engineering analogy empirical data mostly, the problem of arbitrarily adjusting blasting parameter initiation is comparatively outstanding, on-the-spot blast working quality allows of no optimist, particularly Tunnel Overbreak & Underbreak situation is more common, if do not controlled, will cause huge loss to Tunnel Engineering construction.
Traditional tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality assessment indicator system is single, mostly rule of thumb adopt the effect of artificial observation evaluation explosion, precision is low, observation scope is limited, be difficult to truly evaluate tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality, can not provide reference to boring quick-fried design and construction, and not carry out classification and quantification processing for concrete demolition effects such as the systematicness of the flatness of explosion face, explosion outline line and smoothness, Tunnel Overbreak & Underbreak situation, explosion face blast hole utilizing factors.Practice shows, it is inadequate only rule of thumb tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality being evaluated, the theory of the tunnel drilling and blasting Quality Evaluation of shortage system and science, program and method, inevitably can cause the unreasonable even method of wrong tunnel drilling and blasting Quality Evaluation, thereby cause unnecessary waste or disaster, so be necessary to carry out system, comprehensively tunnel drilling and blasting Quality Evaluation method, the research of program, with science, assess exactly the stress field of construction of explosion quality to tunnel surrounding, seepage field, structural-load-carrying capacity, loaded state affect rule and influence degree, it is correct judgement tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality, so that take construction of explosion method timely and effectively, avoid the generation of construction of explosion quality accident, reduce Tunnel Overbreak & Underbreak, increase economic efficiency.
Compare traditional tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality evaluation method, 3 D laser scanning method has fast, accurately, the advantage such as precision is high, measurement range is wide, applicability is strong.Existing 3 D laser scanning method relates generally to the aspects such as object facade vectorization method based on laser scanning data, dynamically monitoring slope scale erosion development process, arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method, tree measurement, cloud recognition method of three-dimensional laser scanning point in geological body structural plane, and rarely has report about the method for tunnel drilling and blasting Quality Evaluation.
Object the inside vectorization method and the system of Chinese patent CN102136155A based on laser scanning data, method step mainly comprises Region Segmentation, Boundary Extraction, merge on border and border is revised, do not possess the function that constructing tunnel quality is evaluated, can not be used for the evaluation of tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Mono-kind of the Chinese patent CN102305622A arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner, carry out matching with three-dimensional laser scanning system at the cloud data of three different directions scanning movements according to common reference bundle of spheres, form some cloud the final individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data that generates of complete individual plant arbor shape, and also it is divided into some differentiations sections, according to the area of irregular of equidistant calculating, obtain the three-dimensional greening amount of individual plant arbor.This 3 D laser scanning method can only be used for Forest Engineering, can not be as Inspection of Tunnel Quality evaluation.
Chinese patent CN101793543A utilizes the research method of three-dimensional laser scanning technique dynamically monitoring slope scale erosion development process, the step comprising has the measured zone of delimitation and pastes reflectorized material, each cloud data is unified to amalgamation, measured zone cutting, imports Geographic Information System (GIS) software analysis.This three-dimensional laser scanning technique also can only be used for dynamically monitoring slope scale erosion development process, and the poster processing soft is not carried out to secondary development, can not be used for tunneling process and bore quick-fried grade estimation simultaneously.
Chinese patent CN102096944A cloud recognition method of three-dimensional laser scanning point in geological body structural plane, divide 6 steps to realize high gradient slope geologic examination and geological record fast, mainly comprise and determine geologic structural surface sweep limit, by a face of three geologic structural surface scopes that the definite needs of the point coordinate on same straight line do not scan, three-dimensional coordinate by three points obtains plane equation, institute on Scan Architecture face goes out to show up a little, reselect next geologic structural surface, extract structural plane occurrence parameter and carry out structural plane matching.This method can not be used for the grade estimation of Tunnel Engineering construction of explosion equally, only can solve high gradient slope geologic examination and geological record fast.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality, the feature that the method has fast, accurate, precision is high, measurement range is wide, applicability is strong.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality, the method comprises the following steps: first adopt tunneling data acquisition module image data, then adopt tunneling data pre-processing module to process the data that collect, build tunnel three-dimensional model according to result and build module, adopt tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module to carry out aftertreatment, finally adopt tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module to evaluate result.
Described tunneling data acquisition module image data comprises the following steps: (1) utilizes three-dimensional laser scanner and total powerstation respectively tunneling data to be gathered; (2) three-dimensional laser scanner obtains tunnel cloud data and tunnel image data, and total powerstation obtains tunnel reference cloud data; (3), at the good three-dimensional laser scanner of tunnel site layout project, complete tunnel survey station laying, the scanning of backsight point coordinate, the scanning of survey station coordinate, tunnel scene coarse scanning, the scanning of tunnel scene essence; (4) on the basis of the above, obtain tunnel cloud data and tunnel image data.
Described tunneling data pre-processing module is processed and is comprised the following steps the data that collect: (1) imports tunneling data pre-processing module the tunnel cloud data gathering and tunnel image data, and data are carried out to pre-service; (2) based on software Visual C++6.0 and Matlab 7.0, reflecting body is identified; When no reflection events body mark, immediately feature is gathered; While having reflecting body mark, reflecting body mark is gathered; (3) data that collect are carried out to sequence assembly, whole matching, reach data fusion, check whether be last width scan-data figure, as be yes, tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data has spliced, as be no, must again splice coupling to tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data, repeating step (2) and step (3) until reach meets the requirements.
Described pre-service comprises that coordinate conversion, data are removed redundancy, data are removed noise or data compaction.
Described structure tunnel three-dimensional model builds module and comprises the following steps: based on the splicing of tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data, tunnel solid matching is built to tunnel three-dimensional model and build module.
Described comprises a matching, curve, surface fitting, cylinder fitting, circular cone matching or line of vector matching to tunnel solid matching.
Described employing tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module is carried out aftertreatment and is comprised the following steps: build module based on tunnel three-dimensional model tunnel three-dimensional model is carried out to aftertreatment, then measure the physical dimension in tunnel.
Described build module based on tunnel three-dimensional model and tunnel three-dimensional model is carried out to aftertreatment comprise texture, topological analysis, leak repairing, shadow removal or model simplification.
The physical dimension in described measurement tunnel comprises that distance measuring, angle measurement, measuring area or volume measure.
Described employing tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module comprises the following steps result evaluation: calculate the various evaluation factors, output tunnel three-dimensional model, shows tunnel three-dimensional model, conversion tunnel three-dimensional model form.
The various evaluation factors of described calculating comprise to be calculated explosion surface evenness, calculate explosion outline line smoothness, calculates explosion face half porosity, calculates explosion face blast hole utilizing factor, calculates explosion out break vector value, calculates explosion over excavation and under excavation area, calculates explosion measured area or calculates theory of blasting area.
Described output tunnel three-dimensional model comprises output tunnel cross-section figure or output tunnel monitoring date.
Described demonstration tunnel three-dimensional model comprises scaling of model, model rotation or model translation.
Described conversion tunnel three-dimensional model form comprises DWG, IGES or STL.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, the inventive method has rapidity: applying three-dimensional laser scanning technique is carried out the collection of tunnel drilling and blasting construction data and grade estimation, speed is very fast, can measure in time the 3 D stereo information of Tunnel Blasting construction, the flatness of reflection construction of explosion, out break situation.
2, the inventive method has high precision: three-dimensional laser scanning technique is described clarification of objective by the direct scanning to target, is not subject to external interference, and precision is high.
3, the inventive method has the high depth of field: 3 D laser scanning far firing range, image data is convenient, can obtain the high depth of field, can tunnel be scanned depth scope, and stress field, seepage field to tunnel drilling and blasting work progress country rock carries out dynamic monitoring.
4, the inventive method has not contact: applying three-dimensional laser scanning technique does not need to contact tunnel, just can obtain the three-dimensional information of tunnel surface, be applicable to measure the hazardous location, tunnel that people cannot arrive, make up the defect of high stress rock burst constructing tunnel quality assessment, reduced site work personnel's danger.
5, to have measurement range wide for the inventive method, and applicability is strong, and automaticity is high, the advantage of good reliability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the workflow schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the method for 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Fig. 2 is the method workflow diagram under tunneling data acquisition module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Fig. 3 is the method workflow diagram under tunneling data pre-processing module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Fig. 4 is that the method that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality builds workflow diagram under module at tunnel three-dimensional model.
Fig. 5 is the method workflow diagram under tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Fig. 6 is the method workflow diagram under tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the workflow schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the method for 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
A kind of method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality, the method comprises the following steps: first adopt tunneling data acquisition module image data, then adopt tunneling data pre-processing module to process the data that collect, build tunnel three-dimensional model according to result and build module, adopt tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module to carry out aftertreatment, finally adopt tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module to evaluate result.
Each module concrete methods of realizing is:
1. tunneling data acquisition module
As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the method workflow diagram under tunneling data acquisition module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Tunneling data acquisition module implementation method is: (1) utilizes three-dimensional laser scanner and total powerstation respectively tunneling data to be gathered, three-dimensional laser scanner and total powerstation, carrying out must carrying out error check before data acquisition, are guaranteed scanning accuracy and large area scanning; (2) three-dimensional laser scanner obtains tunnel cloud data and tunnel image data, and total powerstation obtains tunnel point cloud reference data, for multi-viewpoint cloud data splicing in tunnel provides data source; (3), at the good three-dimensional laser scanner of tunnel site layout project, complete tunnel survey station laying, the scanning of backsight point coordinate, the scanning of survey station coordinate, tunnel scene coarse scanning, the scanning of tunnel scene essence; (4) on the basis of the above, obtain tunnel cloud data and tunnel image data.
Consider to bore quick-fried tunnel suspended particle many, noise is large, earth shock is obvious, and the distance between each scanning movement should be not long, will ensure that the degree of overlapping between adjacent two scanning movements is greater than 40% simultaneously, to obtain the quick-fried Tunnel type of more complete brill data.
The control target of using for Point-clouds Registration adopts spherical target, between each station, arrange and be no less than 4 control targets, follow subtriangular principle, to obtain the overall coordinate registration accuracy of measured zone, the position that simultaneously will note target range sweep instrument can not be too far away, otherwise the accuracy of identification at target center reduces.
2. tunneling data pre-processing module
As shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is the method workflow diagram under tunneling data pre-processing module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Tunneling data pre-processing module implementation method is: (1) imports tunneling data pre-processing module the tunnel cloud data gathering and tunnel image data, data are carried out to pre-service, comprise that coordinate conversion, data are removed redundancy, data are removed noise, data compaction; (2) based on Visual C++6.0 and Matlab7.0, reflecting body is identified, when no reflection events body mark, immediately feature is gathered, while having reflecting body mark, reflecting body mark is gathered; (3) data that collect are carried out to sequence assembly, whole matching, reach data fusion, check whether be last width scan-data figure, as be yes, tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data has spliced, as be no, must again splice coupling to tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data, meet the requirements until reach.
Coordinate transformation method is mainly to utilize the method for Taylor series expansion by model linearization, then resolves three rotation parameter X of coordinate conversion
0, Y
0, Z
0, three translation parameters ε
x, ε
y, ε
z, a scale parameter δ
u, realize the coordinate conversion of three-dimensional laser scanning technique.
Data removal redundancy mainly refers to exist through the tunnel multistation scan-data of registration overlapping, and the scan-data that must cause it is removed redundancy.
Data are removed the noise noise that laser radar rotate that parasitic light and bias light, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of reception signal, laser beam width, laser in the shake that causes, moving object interference, scanning process is dispersed during mainly for data acquisition, optical maser wavelength, receiver reaction, electronic clock accuracy, the positioning and directing accuracy of platform produce and are removed, and the main method that adopts manual deletion and system automatic decision is carried out.
Based on Visual C++6.0 and Matlab 7.0, reflecting body is identified, the cloud data of realizing under different survey stations is transformed under same survey station, the main method adopting is in Visual C++6.0, to call Matlab 7.0 function libraries, then use the various matrix operations of Matlab 7.0, the known coordinate data that need the target of the same name of selecting to comprise according to scanning, resolve coordinate conversion matrix, finally realize tunnel Point-clouds Registration.
3. tunnel three-dimensional model builds module
As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is that the method that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality builds workflow diagram under module at tunnel three-dimensional model.
Tunnel three-dimensional model builds module realizing method: (1), based on the splicing of tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data, to tunnel solid matching, mainly comprises a matching, curve, surface fitting, cylinder fitting, circular cone matching and line of vector matching; (2), based on above-mentioned work, complete tunnel three-dimensional model and build.
4. tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module
As shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 is the method workflow diagram under tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module implementation method is: (1), based on the three-dimensional model that builds in tunnel, carries out aftertreatment to tunnel three-dimensional model, mainly comprises texture, topological analysis, leak repairing, shadow removal, model simplification; (2) tunnel physical dimension measures, and comprises that distance measuring, angle measurement, measuring area, volume measure.
5. tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module
As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is the method workflow diagram under tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module that the present invention is based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality.
Tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module realizing method is: the calculating of (1) various evaluation factors, mainly comprises that explosion surface evenness calculates, explosion outline line smoothness calculates, explosion face half porosity is calculated, explosion face blast hole utilizing factor calculates, explosion out break vector value calculates, explosion over excavation and under excavation area calculates, explosion measured area calculates, theory of blasting area calculates; (2) tunnel three-dimensional model output, comprises tunnel cross-section figure output, tunnel monitoring date output; (3) tunnel three-dimensional model shows, comprises scaling of model, model rotation, model translation; (4) tunnel three-dimensional model format conversion, main form comprises DWG, IGES, STL.
Tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module, mainly to utilize visual programming language DelPhi to assess tunnel three-dimensional model, before tunnel drilling and blasting construction, its excavation face scope is carried out to a laser scanning, obtain Tunnel type 3 D stereoscopic image, after tunnel drilling and blasting has excavated, carry out again single pass or scanning difficult region is mended and swept, the cloud data result stack that successively scanning is obtained is analyzed together, realize the calculating with respect to design transversal section out break value to the each profile scanning point in tunnel, the calculating of the whole xsect measured area in tunnel and over excavation and under excavation area, and explosion surface evenness, explosion outline line smoothness, explosion face half porosity calculating etc.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is can understand and apply the invention for ease of those skilled in the art.Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various amendments to these embodiment, and General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiment and needn't passes through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art are according to announcement of the present invention, and not departing from improvement and the amendment that category of the present invention makes all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: first adopt tunneling data acquisition module image data, described tunneling data acquisition module image data comprises the following steps: (1) utilizes three-dimensional laser scanner and total powerstation respectively tunneling data to be gathered; (2) three-dimensional laser scanner obtains tunnel cloud data and tunnel image data, and total powerstation obtains tunnel reference cloud data; (3), at the good three-dimensional laser scanner of tunnel site layout project, complete tunnel survey station laying, the scanning of backsight point coordinate, the scanning of survey station coordinate, tunnel scene coarse scanning, the scanning of tunnel scene essence; (4) in the step (1) of above-mentioned tunneling data acquisition module to step (3) basis, obtain tunnel cloud data and tunnel image data;
Then adopt tunneling data pre-processing module to process the data that collect, described tunneling data pre-processing module is processed and is comprised the following steps the data that collect: (1) imports tunneling data pre-processing module the tunnel cloud data gathering and tunnel image data, and data are carried out to pre-service; (2), based on software Visual C++6.0 and Matlab7.0, reflecting body is identified; When no reflection events body mark, immediately feature is gathered; While having reflecting body mark, reflecting body mark is gathered; (3) data that collect are carried out to sequence assembly, whole matching, reach data fusion, check whether be last width scan-data figure, as be yes, tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data has spliced, as be no, must again splice coupling to tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data, repeat step (2) and step (3) in described tunneling data pre-processing module until reach and meet the requirements;
Build tunnel three-dimensional model according to result and build module, adopt tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module to carry out aftertreatment, described structure tunnel three-dimensional model builds module and comprises the following steps: splice based on tunnel multi-viewpoint cloud data, tunnel solid matching is built to tunnel three-dimensional model and build module, described employing tunnel three-dimensional model post-processing module is carried out aftertreatment and is comprised the following steps: build module based on tunnel three-dimensional model tunnel three-dimensional model is carried out to aftertreatment, described tunnel three-dimensional model carries out aftertreatment and comprises texture, topological analysis, leak repairing, shadow removal or model simplification, then measure the physical dimension in tunnel, the physical dimension in described measurement tunnel comprises that distance measuring, angle measurement, measuring area or volume measure,
Finally adopt tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module to evaluate result, described employing tunnel drilling and blasting quality assessment module comprises the following steps result evaluation: calculate the various evaluation factors, output tunnel three-dimensional model, shows tunnel three-dimensional model, conversion tunnel three-dimensional model form; The various evaluation factors of described calculating comprise to be calculated explosion surface evenness, calculate explosion outline line smoothness, calculates explosion face half porosity, calculates explosion face blast hole utilizing factor, calculates explosion out break vector value, calculates explosion over excavation and under excavation area, calculates explosion measured area or calculates theory of blasting area.
2. the method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pre-service comprises that coordinate conversion, data are removed redundancy, data are removed noise or data compaction.
3. the method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described comprises a matching, curve, surface fitting, cylinder fitting, circular cone matching or line of vector matching to tunnel solid matching.
4. the method based on 3 D laser scanning evaluation tunnel drilling and blasting construction quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described output tunnel three-dimensional model comprises output tunnel cross-section figure or output tunnel monitoring date;
Described demonstration tunnel three-dimensional model comprises scaling of model, model rotation or model translation;
Described conversion tunnel three-dimensional model form comprises DWG, IGES or STL.
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