CN102761776A - Video and audio synchronizing method of P2PVoD (peer-to-peer video on demand) system based on SVC (scalable video coding) - Google Patents
Video and audio synchronizing method of P2PVoD (peer-to-peer video on demand) system based on SVC (scalable video coding) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a video and audio synchronizing method based on an SVC (scalable video coding) P2PVoD (peer-to-peer video on demand) system, belonging to the field of multimedia internet application. The video and audio synchronizing method comprises the following steps of: compositing an audio stream into an SVC video stream, combining an SVC video coding feature with a Bittorrent protocol, and improving a package formate of a Torrent file, thus ensuring SVC-based video and audio data transmission synchronization; utilizing a manner combining cache-based quality self adapting with sequential downloading to ensure the video and audio play smoothness and improve the video and audio play quality, and realizing scheduling synchronization of an SVC video and audio segment; and taking an SVC video as a main media stream and an audio as a secondary media stream, updating and synchronizing a clock according to playing time information of the video segment during playing, and synchronously decoding and playing corresponding audio segments by the clock, thus realizing play synchronization of video and audio medias.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of video-audio synchronization method, relate in particular to a kind of P2PVoD system video-audio synchronization method based on SVC.
Background technology
Along with the extensive utilization of broadband connections, the multimedia application on the Internet becomes and becomes more and more popular.It is to solve P2P system bandwidth capacity marked change and the most promising scheme of the various problem of user terminal isomery that SVC (Scalable Video Coding, scalable video) is applied to P2P (Peer-to-Peer, reciprocity Internet technology) stream media system.SVC allows " video sequence once encode multiple decoding "; Compound spatial and temporal resolution and Hi-Fi video flowing can be provided; Therefore it can satisfy the P2P system carries out the code check adjustment according to available bandwidth requirement effectively; The spatial and temporal resolution that can adapt to different user terminals simultaneously well is for the user provides better service quality and user experience.
For a complete P2P stream media system based on SVC, very crucial synchronously between SVC video flowing and the corresponding audio stream, the quality of method for synchronous design will directly influence the overall performance of system.Look the synchronously relevant with people's audio visual characteristic of audio frequency, Fig. 1 is divided into 5 grades with people's audio visual subjective assessment: fall behind in the 90ms scope to sound at the leading 20ms of sound, people do not feel the variation of view quality, and this scope is called as can not perceive scope; Generally the descend scope that is less than 0.5 grade of subjective assessment is called and can perceives scope, corresponding to the leading 45ms of sound to falling behind 125ms; The scope that subjective assessment decline is less than 1.5 grades is thought tolerance interval, extremely falls behind 185ms corresponding to the leading 90ms of sound; The audio offset of looking in tolerance interval is considered to synchronous, but when subjective assessment descends above 1.5 grades, looks audio offset and will be considered to asynchronous.
Though the P2P stream media system look the solution that audio sync has had comparative maturity, the relatively more classical video-audio synchronization method based on RTP/RTCP that has encapsulates timestamp method for synchronous etc. with MPEG-4.But the video-audio synchronization method of present P2P stream media system also is not suitable for the audio sync demand of looking based on the P2P stream media system of SVC.
The audio sync of looking based on the RTP/RTCP agreement is main Media Stream with audio frequency generally; Video is from Media Stream; At receiving terminal based on same time shaft; Judge synchronized relation through the audio frame play relatively recently and the reproduction time label of frame of video, frame of video is taked repetition or the method that abandons realizes looking audio sync and controls.The advantage of this method for synchronous is the encapsulated delivery and the Synchronization Control of looking audio frequency by the RTP/RTCP agreement, and technical application is extensively ripe.But the shortcoming of this method only suitable single layer video stream that is it; Still the SVC video flowing is not packaged at present the method for RTP packet; And this method need handle each RTCP SR (Sender Reports) message, and concerning this multi-layer video stream of SVC, algorithm complex is higher.
MPEG-4 encapsulation synchronously with based on the syncsort of RTP/RTCP agreement seemingly, also stab service time and look audio sync control.The timing model of MPEG-4 decoded time stamp (DTS) that has been its I, B, P frame definition and generated time stab (CTS); DTS is used for representing decode time; When the moment of DTS arrives, the decoding of addressed location will begin, and CTS representes that synthesis unit begins performance constantly at this.Because the performance time of each frame of video has all been postponed one-period T with respect to decode time, so the decoding of respective audio frame also will be postponed one-period.The remarkable advantage of this method is that MP4 can change according to the network bandwidth, and the mode that abandons B frame or P frame through selectivity solves the network congestion problem, simultaneously heterogeneous terminals is had adaptability preferably, particularly portable terminal.But the same only shortcoming of suitable single layer video stream that exists of this method, the complexity that the SVC video flowing is encapsulated MP4 into is higher.
This shows that at present the video flowing based on the P2P stream media system of SVC still needs absolute coding, independent transmission, independent decoding and broadcast with corresponding audio stream, simultaneously each stage is carried out Synchronization Control and could obtain good result of broadcast at last.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the technical problem that exists in the prior art, has proposed a kind of P2PVoD system video-audio synchronization method based on SVC to special innovation, has realized the transmitting synchronous based on the video/audio of SVC.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
S1, server end with the SVC video flowing according to etc. duration be divided into N video blocks; This N video blocks is divided into M layer video burst respectively; Wherein the video burst of the bottom constitutes the video elementary layer in each video blocks, and each the layer video burst on it all constitutes a video enhancement layer; Audio stream is divided into N audio layer burst according to the duration such as grade; With this audio layer following one deck as this video elementary layer; Look audio frequency layering slicing files thereby generate; Wherein the SVC video flowing unit duration that is divided into video blocks equates with the unit duration that audio stream is divided into the audio layer burst, and N, M are the integer greater than zero;
S2, at server end, this relevant information of looking audio frequency layering slicing files is packaged in the Torrent file;
Audio frequency layering burst download thread is looked in S3, startup, and client is downloaded this Torrent file from server end, from this Torrent file, extracts this and looks the relevant information initializes video decoder and the audio decoder of audio frequency layering slicing files;
This looks audio frequency layering slicing files S4, client downloads;
S5, client look SVC video data and voice data in the audio frequency layering slicing files with this and are sent to corresponding Video Decoder and audio decoder respectively and decode, and the video/audio behind the broadcast decoder.Realized transmitting synchronous thus based on the video/audio of SVC.
At said step S1 sound intermediate frequency layer file by name 0; The setting space hierarchy number is D
IdWith quality hierarchy number Q
Id, then each hierarchical file of SVC video is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id, be convenient to client identification and look each layer file in the audio frequency layering slicing files.
The encapsulation format of this Torrent file has increased length, video elementary layer and each video enhancement layer identifier of audio sample rate, video frame rate, video frame number, the contained video frame number of each GOP, the contained GOP number of each video burst, SVC hierarchy number, audio layer file size, audio layer file identifier, video elementary layer and each video enhancement layer, has respectively looked audio frequency branch leaf length and look in the audio frequency burst sum at least one in said step S2, and wherein this SVC hierarchy number comprises the SVC video number of plies and the audio frequency number of plies.Encapsulation format to the Torrent file improves, and has guaranteed the synchronous transmission of SVC video-voice frequency flow.
In said step S4 according to the current play time t of distance
PlayDistance, will look audio frequency layering slicing files by near to far being divided into high priority zone, medium priority zone and low priority zone, it is downloaded priority and reduces gradually.Video/audio is downloaded in the prioritization zone in order, has guaranteed to look the fluency of voice playing.
Before audio frequency is looked in broadcast, in the high priority zone towards play time t
PlayThe part video/audio of one side is cached in download buffer, and the buffering duration of this part video/audio is PRE
TIME, the download number of plies is L
Pre, wherein should download number of plies L
PreConfirm and comprise audio layer and video elementary layer at least according to the network bandwidth., broadcast confirms to download number of plies L before looking audio frequency according to the initial network bandwidth
Pre, cushion video/audio, guaranteed the fluency of video playback.
Client periodically judges whether to confirm again the download number of plies L of this download buffer
Pre: setting the duration of waiting to play video/audio in the download buffer is t
Buf=t
Schedule-t
Play, t wherein
ScheduleRepresent current download time point, t
PlayRepresent current play time, work as t
BufRepresent when being decreased to lower threshold that downloading rate is slow excessively,, reduce and download a layer video enhancement layer burst, download the number of plies and subtract a L in order to guarantee to look the fluency of voice playing
Pre--; Work as t
BufRepresent when increasing to upper limit threshold that downloading rate is too high,, confirm to increase and download a layer video enhancement layer burst, download the number of plies and add a L in order to improve the quality of looking voice playing
Pre++.Realized the quality adaptation adjusting of download buffer, further guaranteed to look the fluency of voice playing, and improved the quality of looking voice playing.
The downloading order of video/audio is in this higher order precedence zone: audio layer burst, video elementary layer burst, video enhancement layer burst.
Said step S5 is made up of following steps:
Set and play the reproduction time that synchronised clock Tvideo comes the recording of video fragment data;
Start the video playback thread, the video fragment data that from download buffer, obtains buffer memory carries out decodes and plays, and update playing synchronised clock Tvideo;
Start the voice playing thread, the audio frequency fragment data that from download buffer, obtains buffer memory according to broadcast synchronised clock Tvideo carries out decodes and plays, thereby it is synchronous to realize looking voice playing.
With the SVC video is main Media Stream, and audio frequency is from Media Stream, with the reproduction time information updating synchronised clock of video burst, and with this clock synchronization decoding with play the respective audio burst, thereby realizes that the broadcast of looking between audio frequency media is synchronous during broadcast.
In sum, owing to adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, audio stream is compound in the SVC video flowing, and SVC video coding characteristic is combined with the Bittorrent agreement, improve the encapsulation format of Torrent file, thereby guaranteed transmitting synchronous based on the video/audio of SVC;
2, the mode that adopts quality adaptation and progressive download based on buffer memory to combine has guaranteed to look the fluency of voice playing and can improve the quality of looking voice playing, and it is synchronous to have realized that SVC looks the scheduling of audio frequency burst;
3, be main Media Stream with the SVC video, audio frequency is from Media Stream, with the reproduction time information updating synchronised clock of video burst, and with this clock synchronization decoding with play the respective audio burst, thereby realizes that the broadcast of looking between audio frequency media is synchronous during broadcast.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize through practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage obviously with are easily understood becoming the description of embodiment from combining figs, wherein:
Fig. 1 looks audio sync standard sketch map;
Fig. 2 is based on the structural representation of looking audio frequency layering slicing files in the P2PVoD system of SVC;
Fig. 3 is based on the encapsulation format sketch map of Torrent file in the P2PVoD system of SVC;
Fig. 4 is based on the sketch map in three priority zone in the P2PVoD system of SVC.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of said embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Be exemplary through the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings below, only be used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The present invention has realized that mainly SVC in the P2PVoD system (Scalable Video Coding, scalable video) looks the transmitting synchronous of audio frequency and plays synchronous.
This video-audio synchronization method based on the P2PVoD system of SVC is made up of following steps:
S1, in order to realize the synchronous transmission of SVC video flowing and audio stream; As shown in Figure 2; At server end the SVC video flowing is divided into N video blocks Video Chunk according to duration such as grade (such as according to each second); This N video blocks Video Chunk is divided into M layer video burst Video Piece respectively; Wherein the video burst Video Piece of the bottom constitutes the video elementary layer among each video blocks Video Chunk, and each the layer video burst Video Piece on it all constitutes a video enhancement layer; Audio stream is divided into N audio layer burst according to duration such as grade (such as according to each second); With this audio layer burst following one deck as the video elementary layer; Look audio frequency layering slicing files thereby generate; Wherein the SVC video flowing unit duration that is divided into video blocks equates with the unit duration that audio stream is divided into the audio layer burst, and N, M are the integer greater than zero.
Look each layer file in the audio frequency layering slicing files for the ease of client identification, the present invention adopts following mode that each layer file named.Audio layer file by name 0; The setting space hierarchy number is D
IdWith quality hierarchy number Q
Id, then each hierarchical file of SVC video is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id
As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment SVC video flowing is divided into four layers, to the video elementary layer, its file is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id=1+16 * 0+0=1;
To video first enhancement layer, its file is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id=1+16 * 0+1=2;
To video second enhancement layer, its file is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id=1+16 * 1+0=17;
To video the 3rd enhancement layer, its file is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id=1+16 * 1+1=18.
S2, at server end, this relevant information of looking audio frequency layering slicing files is packaged in the Torrent file.With the Torrent files classes of BitTorrent protocol definition seemingly, also be to adopt the BenCode coded format to encode based on the Torrent file of the P2PVoD system of SVC.But owing to have difference based on P2PVoD system and the traditional P 2PVoD system of SVC at aspects such as data characteristics and slicing algorithms, in order to guarantee the synchronous transmission of SVC video-voice frequency flow, the present invention improves the encapsulation format of Torrent file.As shown in Figure 3; The encapsulation format of this Torrent file has increased audio sample rate, video frame rate, video frame number, each GOP (Group of Pictures; The picture group) contained video frame number, the contained GOP number of each video burst, SVC hierarchy number (comprising SVC video layer and audio layer), audio layer file size, audio layer file identifier, each video segmentation length and identifier (such as video elementary layer file size, video elementary layer file identifier, the video first enhancement layer files length, the video first enhancement layer files identifier etc.), respectively look audio frequency branch leaf length and look in the audio frequency burst sum at least one, wherein the long measure among the figure is a byte.
Audio frequency layering burst download thread is looked in S3, startup, and client is downloaded the Torrent file from server, from this Torrent file, extracts this and looks the relevant information initializes video decoder and the audio decoder of audio frequency layering slicing files.
This looks audio frequency layering slicing files S4, client downloads, and the play time t current according to distance
PlayDistance will look audio frequency layering slicing files by near to far being divided into high, medium and low three priority zones, and it is downloaded priority and reduces gradually.
As shown in Figure 4, the duration of high priority zone (HP:High Priortiy) is h and apart from play time t
PlayRecently.Before audio frequency is looked in broadcast, in the high priority zone towards play time t
PlayThe part video/audio of one side is cached in download buffer, and the buffering duration of this part video/audio is PRE
TIME(such as 5s, 10s etc.), the download number of plies are L
Pre, wherein should buffering duration PRE
TIMECan artificially set initial download number of plies L according to actual conditions
PreCan confirm and comprise audio layer and video elementary layer at least according to the initial network bandwidth.
Owing to look when audio frequency layering slicing files is play and to comprise audio layer burst and video elementary layer burst; And the effect of video enhancement layer burst is to improve the quality of looking voice playing; And the network bandwidth can constantly change in downloading the process that SVC looks audio frequency; In order to guarantee to look the fluency and the quality of voice playing, client periodically judges whether to confirm again the download number of plies L of this download buffer
PreSetting the duration of waiting to play video/audio in the download buffer is t
Buf=t
Schedule-t
Play, t wherein
ScheduleRepresent current download time point, t
PlayRepresent current play time.t
BufChange along with the variation of downloading rate, when downloading speed greater than playback rate, t
BufConstantly increase; When downloading speed less than playback rate, t
BufConstantly reduce.Work as t
BufRepresent when being decreased to lower threshold that downloading rate is slow excessively,, on the basis of downloading audio layer burst and video elementary layer burst at least, reduce and download a layer video enhancement layer burst, download the number of plies and subtract a L in order to guarantee to look the smooth playing of audio frequency
Pre--; Work as t
BufRepresent when increasing to upper limit threshold that downloading rate is too high,, on the basis that is no more than the video segmentation sum, increase and download a layer video enhancement layer burst, download the number of plies and add a L in order to improve the quality of looking voice playing
Pre++.
Owing to the audio layer burst that waits duration is much littler than video elementary layer burst; And the speed of download of audio layer burst is faster; Therefore the downloading order of video/audio is in the high level priority zone: audio layer burst, video elementary layer burst, video enhancement layer burst.
The duration in medium priority zone (MP:Middle Priority) is u and the current play time t of distance
PlayNearer, it is placed in the middle to download priority.As time goes on can get into the high priority zone, therefore be the emergency of broadcast and a compromise on the rare burst diffusion velocity, adopts minimum preferential (Rarest-First) strategy of layering.
Low priority zone (LP:Low Priority) is residue dispatcher-controlled territory and the current play time t of distance
PlayFarthest, download priority is minimum.In order to improve the speed of rare burst diffusion, adopt minimum preferential (Rarest-First) strategy of layering equally.
S5, client client look SVC video data and voice data in the audio frequency layering slicing files with this and are sent to corresponding Video Decoder and audio decoder respectively and decode, and the video/audio behind the broadcast decoder.Because the video based on the P2PVoD system of SVC is the SVC video flowing, when occurring playing when asynchronous, can relate to several layer videos to the adjustment of video; Deal with more complicated, and audio frequency has only one deck, deal with more simple and reliable; And people as shown in Figure 1 lag behind image to sound to be ahead of the image tolerance than sound many, so the present invention is main Media Stream with the SVC video flowing when audio frequency is looked in broadcast; Audio stream is from Media Stream, and isochronous audio flows to the SVC video flowing.The more complicated because the video blocks Video Chunk of SVC video flowing decodes; Have certain delay from decoded video blocks Video Chunk to playing this video blocks Video Chunk; The corresponding audio frequency burst Audio Piece that decodes is then very fast; Therefore the present invention is with the lock in time as decoding respective audio burst Audio Piece time of the video blocks Video Chunk that decodes, but with the lock in time as decoding diaphone frequency division sheet Audio Piece time of beginning displaying video piece Video Chunk.Concrete steps are:
At first, set the reproduction time that broadcast synchronised clock Tvideo comes the recording of video fragment data;
Then, start the video playback thread, the video fragment data that from download buffer, obtains buffer memory carries out decodes and plays, and update playing synchronised clock Tvideo;
At last, start the voice playing thread, the audio frequency fragment data that from download buffer, obtains buffer memory according to broadcast synchronised clock Tvideo carries out decodes and plays, thereby it is synchronous to realize looking voice playing.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means the concrete characteristic, structure, material or the characteristics that combine this embodiment or example to describe and is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example.In this manual, the schematic statement to above-mentioned term not necessarily refers to identical embodiment or example.And concrete characteristic, structure, material or the characteristics of description can combine with suitable manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention; Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. video-audio synchronization method based on the P2PVoD system of SVC is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
S1, server end with the SVC video flowing according to etc. duration be divided into N video blocks; This N video blocks is divided into M layer video burst respectively; Wherein the video burst of the bottom constitutes the video elementary layer in each video blocks, and each the layer video burst on it all constitutes a video enhancement layer; Audio stream is divided into N audio layer burst according to the duration such as grade; With this audio layer following one deck as this video elementary layer; Look audio frequency layering slicing files thereby generate; Wherein the SVC video flowing unit duration that is divided into video blocks equates with the unit duration that audio stream is divided into the audio layer burst, and N, M are the integer greater than zero;
S2, at server end, this relevant information of looking audio frequency layering slicing files is packaged in the Torrent file;
Audio frequency layering burst download thread is looked in S3, startup, and client is downloaded this Torrent file from server end, from this Torrent file, extracts this and looks the relevant information initializes video decoder and the audio decoder of audio frequency layering slicing files;
This looks audio frequency layering slicing files S4, client downloads;
S5, client look SVC video data and voice data in the audio frequency layering slicing files with this and are sent to corresponding Video Decoder and audio decoder respectively and decode, and the video/audio behind the broadcast decoder.
2. the video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at said step S1 sound intermediate frequency layer file by name 0; The setting space hierarchy number is D
IdWith quality hierarchy number Q
Id, then each hierarchical file of SVC video is called DQ
Id=1+16 * D
Id+ Q
Id
3. the video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the encapsulation format of this Torrent file has increased length, video elementary layer and each video enhancement layer identifier of audio sample rate, video frame rate, video frame number, the contained video frame number of each GOP, the contained GOP number of each video burst, SVC hierarchy number, audio layer file size, audio layer file identifier, video elementary layer and each video enhancement layer, has respectively looked audio frequency branch leaf length and look in the audio frequency burst sum at least one in said step S2, and wherein this SVC hierarchy number comprises the SVC video number of plies and the audio frequency number of plies.
4. the video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the play time t current according to distance in said step S4
PlayDistance, will look audio frequency layering slicing files by near to far being divided into high priority zone, medium priority zone and low priority zone, it is downloaded priority and reduces gradually.
5. the video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC according to claim 4 is characterized in that: before audio frequency is looked in broadcast, in the high priority zone towards play time t
PlayThe part video/audio of one side is cached in download buffer, and the buffering duration of this part video/audio is PRE
TIME, the download number of plies is L
Pre, wherein should download number of plies L
PreConfirm and comprise audio layer and video elementary layer at least according to the network bandwidth.
6. the video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: client periodically judges whether to confirm again the download number of plies L of this download buffer
Pre: setting the duration of waiting to play video/audio in the download buffer is t
Buf=t
Schedule-t
Play, t wherein
ScheduleRepresent current download time point, t
PlayRepresent current play time, work as t
BufRepresent when being decreased to lower threshold that downloading rate is slow excessively,, reduce and download a layer video enhancement layer burst, download the number of plies and subtract a L in order to guarantee to look the fluency of voice playing
Pre--; Work as t
BufRepresent when increasing to upper limit threshold that downloading rate is too high,, confirm to increase and download a layer video enhancement layer burst, download the number of plies and add a L in order to improve the quality of looking voice playing
Pre++.
7. according to the video-audio synchronization method of any one described P2PVoD system based on SVC in the claim 4～6, it is characterized in that: the downloading order of video/audio is in this higher order precedence zone: audio layer burst, video elementary layer burst, video enhancement layer burst.
8. the video-audio synchronization method of the P2PVoD system based on SVC according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said step S5 is made up of following steps:
Set and play the reproduction time that synchronised clock Tvideo comes the recording of video fragment data;
Start the video playback thread, the video fragment data that from download buffer, obtains buffer memory carries out decodes and plays, and update playing synchronised clock Tvideo;
Start the voice playing thread, the audio frequency fragment data that from download buffer, obtains buffer memory according to broadcast synchronised clock Tvideo carries out decodes and plays, thereby it is synchronous to realize looking voice playing.
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