CN102760954B - Metamaterial capable of deflecting electromagnetic wave - Google Patents
Metamaterial capable of deflecting electromagnetic wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN102760954B CN102760954B CN201110110632.XA CN201110110632A CN102760954B CN 102760954 B CN102760954 B CN 102760954B CN 201110110632 A CN201110110632 A CN 201110110632A CN 102760954 B CN102760954 B CN 102760954B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metamaterial capable of deflecting an electromagnetic wave. The metamaterial is formed by overlapping a plurality of cubic structure units in the three-dimensional direction, wherein each of the cubic structure units comprises a base material and one or more small holes formed in the base material, and the refractivity of the metamaterial gradually changes at least in one first direction. According to the invention, the holes are made to change the electromagnetic parameters of points of the metamaterial to allow the electromagnetic wave to be deflected after the electromagnetic wave passes through the metamaterial, and the metamaterial has the benefits of simple process, low cost and easiness in implementation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Meta Materials, particularly relate to the electromagnetic Meta Materials of a kind of energy deviation.
Background technology
Communication field mainly rely on electromagnetic wave to carry out detect, locate, communication etc.Electromagnetic wave can be realized separation, convergence, deviation, be dispersed by different materials or components and parts.Even if the material mainly heterogeneous material that electromagnetic wave deflection Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction changes can be realized, namely heterogeneity thus cause the material that the skewness of refractive index weighs.Material density is different, material all can not make refractive index on an equal basis is distributed with change.
Prior art for making the heterogeneous material of electromagnetic wave deflection normally superpose by the multi-layer material that refractive index is different the entirety formed.According to by the characteristic such as electromagnetic frequency, wavelength of deviation, the refraction index profile of this heterogeneous material will can be designed, then select the suitable material with corresponding refractive index in each distributed areas.
The defect of the electromagnetic material of this deviation is, its refractive index of existing material is intrinsic, be not to design arbitrarily, in the middle part of required refraction index profile, the existing natural material of subregional refractive index cannot obtain, by the deviation requirement causing whole heterogeneous material can not reach required.
Meta Materials refers to some artificial composite structures with the extraordinary physical property not available for natural material or composite material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick of material, the restriction of some apparent natural law can be broken through, thus acquisition exceeds the intrinsic common meta-materials function of nature.
The Meta Materials of current routine is mainly reached changed the dielectric constant of Meta Materials each point and the object of magnetic permeability by periodic arrangement is different on base material artificial metal's micro-structural.But want to change the dielectric constant of Meta Materials each point and magnetic permeability to realize different functions, it is not only way that Meta Materials base material arranges artificial metal's micro-structural, and on Meta Materials base material, arrange artificial metal's micro-structural complex process, realization difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the deficiencies in the prior art propose a kind of technique simple, with low cost and be easy to realize deviation electromagnetic wave Meta Materials.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is to provide the electromagnetic Meta Materials of a kind of deviation, this Meta Materials is formed by stacking along three-dimensional by multiple cube structure unit, one or more apertures that this cube structure unit comprises base material and formed in the substrate; This Meta Materials at least gradually changes along a first direction refractive index.
Small pore volume in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged and the ratio of this cube structure unit volume gradually change, and the medium of filling in those apertures is identical, and refractive index is gradually changed along this first direction.
Small pore volume in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged is identical with the ratio of this cube structure unit volume, and the medium of filling in those apertures is different, and refractive index is gradually changed along this first direction.
This cube structure cell size is less than 1/5th of the electromagnetic wavelength of required deviation.
Form an aperture in each cube structure unit base material of this Meta Materials, the orifice size in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged gradually changes.
Form the identical aperture of multiple volume in each cube structure unit base material of this Meta Materials, the little hole number in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged gradually changes.
In those apertures, the refractive index of filled media is less than the refractive index of this base material, and the small pore volume in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged is contrary with the variations in refractive index trend of this Meta Materials entirety with the ratio variation tendency of this cube structure unit volume.
In those apertures, the refractive index of filled media is greater than the refractive index of this base material, and the small pore volume in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged is identical with the variations in refractive index trend of this Meta Materials entirety with the ratio variation tendency of this cube structure unit volume.
The medium of those filling small holes in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged is the medium that refractive index gradually changes.
This base material is made up of ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material or ferrite material.
The present invention adopt hole knockout to the electromagnetic parameter changing Meta Materials each point make electromagnetic wave by after this Meta Materials by deviation, have technique simple, with low cost and be easy to realize beneficial effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is deviation of the present invention electromagnetic Meta Materials first preferred embodiment first execution mode cube structure cell schematics;
Fig. 2 is the metamaterial structure schematic diagram that cube structure unit is stacking along X-Y-Z direction as shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the front view of Meta Materials shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is deviation of the present invention electromagnetic Meta Materials first preferred embodiment second execution mode front view;
Fig. 5 is deviation of the present invention electromagnetic Meta Materials second preferred embodiment front view.
Embodiment
Meta Materials entirety can be regarded multiple cube structure unit as and be formed by stacking along three-dimensional X-Y-Z direction.Because Meta Materials self need have an impact to electromagnetic wave, therefore require that the size of stereochemical structure unit is less than 1/5th of the electromagnetic wavelength of required response.Preferably, the size of each cube structure unit is equal and be 1/10th of the electromagnetic wavelength of required response.
The response of Meta Materials to electromagnetic field depends primarily on each cube structure unit to the response of electromagnetic field, when cube structure element number is abundant, each cube structure unit will superpose the response of electromagnetic field thus from each physical characteristic macroscopically changing incident electromagnetic wave.
Those of ordinary skill in the art are known, the local deviation that refractive index is large among medium is understood after on a branch of electromagnetic wave incident to medium, therefore electromagnetic deviation to be realized, the electromagnetic Meta Materials of deviation of the present invention need at least along a direction if its refractive index of X-direction gradually changes, and its refractive index of either direction in Y-direction and Z-direction is constant or also gradually change.Make the angle of deviation large, then the refractive index rate of change reduced gradually in the direction in which wants large.Reduction gradually herein, refers to that the data of next reference point are less than or equal to the data of last reference point.Here rate of change is large, and refer in three tandem reference points, the difference of the second reference point and the 3rd reference point is greater than the difference of the first reference point and the second reference point.Refractive index is herein by formula
reckoning draws, wherein a is a constant, and ε is the dielectric constant of a Meta Materials cube structure unit under a certain wave frequency, and μ is the magnetic permeability of Meta Materials cube structure unit under this wave frequency for this reason.The dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability that change each point finally can reach the electromagnetic object of deviation of the present invention.
Reach and change the dielectric constant of each point and magnetic permeability and that the execution mode of electromagnetic wave deflection is had is multiple.Discuss the execution mode that two kinds can reach the object of the invention in detail below.Two kinds of embodiments are all first direction with Y-direction, and are reduce gradually design principle of the present invention is described along the variation tendency of Y-direction Meta Materials refractive index.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, Fig. 1 is deviation of the present invention electromagnetic Meta Materials first preferred embodiment cube structure cell schematics, Fig. 2 be the present invention first preferred embodiment by the cube structure unit metamaterial structure schematic diagram stacking along X-Y-Z direction, Fig. 3 is the present invention first preferred embodiment front view.The aperture 20 that in Fig. 3, cube structure unit comprises base material 10, formed in base material 10, aperture 20 can may not be through hole but it all occupies base material 10 certain volume for through hole.Shared by the volume of the aperture 20 formed in Meta Materials cube structure unit base material in the present embodiment, the ratio of base material 10 volume increases gradually along Y-direction, remain unchanged along X and Z-direction thus cause refractive index to reduce gradually along Y-direction, after electromagnetic wave passes through Meta Materials, electromagnetic wave propagation direction is namely to the local deviation that refractive index is large.
In addition, in aperture 20 can filled media to change dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of cube structure unit.The volume size mainly accounting for cube structure unit due to the present embodiment by changing aperture 20 changes dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, therefore the medium being filled in each aperture 20 in the present embodiment is identical but is different from base material material, and it can be air, pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material or ferrite material etc.The medium of filling in the present embodiment is air.Because air refraction is less than base material refractive index certainly, therefore the volume ratio variation tendency of cube structure unit shared by aperture 20 remains to increase gradually along Y-direction and Meta Materials overall refractive index is reduced gradually along Y-direction.But when the refractive index of the medium of filling in aperture 20 is greater than base material refractive index, aperture 20 volume more senior general causes cube structure unit refractive index larger, therefore now the volume ratio variation tendency of cube structure unit shared by aperture 20 for reduce gradually to make Meta Materials overall refractive index increase gradually along Y-direction along Y-direction.
The volume that change aperture 20 accounts for cube structure unit has different execution modes.The first execution mode is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 for a change aperture 20 accounts for the second execution mode front view of cube structure unit volume.Be formed with multiple aperture 20 in cube structure unit base material, the quantity along the aperture 20 in multiple cube structure unit base materials of Y-direction arrangement increases gradually thus increases the volume ratio of cube structure unit shared by aperture 20.Adopting the method changing aperture 20 quantity to change the volume of cube structure shared by it makes Meta Materials overall refractive index be easier to regulate, and can save the die sinking expense of perforating mold.Identical with the first execution mode, still can fill the medium being different from base material material in those apertures 20, in present embodiment, filled media is air.Because air refraction is less than base material refractive index certainly, therefore the aperture 20 number change trend of cube structure unit remains to increase gradually along Y-direction and Meta Materials overall refractive index is reduced gradually along Y-direction.But when the refractive index of the medium of filling in aperture 20 is greater than base material refractive index, the more cube structure unit refractive indexes that will cause of aperture 20 quantity are larger, and therefore now the aperture 20 number change trend of cube structure unit makes Meta Materials overall refractive index increase gradually along Y-direction for reducing gradually along Y-direction.
Ground can be imagined, the cross section figure of all kinds of aperture 20 is the circle that shows of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 not necessarily, also can toward being square, triangle, all kinds of figure such as trapezoidal, as long as namely the design philosophy meeting the present embodiment gradually changes along the volume ratio of cube structure unit shared by a direction aperture 20.
In like manner, all reach the electromagnetic effect of deviation with Z-direction in X direction if think, only need apply the distribution trend along aperture 20 in Y-direction cube structure unit.
Fig. 5 is the second preferred embodiment front view of the electromagnetic Meta Materials of deviation of the present invention.In the present embodiment, shared by aperture 20 volume in cube structure unit base material, the ratio of cube structure unit volume is identical.Aperture 20 both can be that quantity is identical, measure-alike, cross sectional pattern is identical, also can be that quantity is different, cross sectional pattern is different or size is different, but shared by only all in demand fulfillment all cube structures unit base material aperture 20 volumes, the ratio of cube structure unit volume be all identical.In the present embodiment, identical with aperture 20 quantity in cube structure unit base material, be one, measure-alike, cross sectional pattern is identical, is circle and is used as better embodiment.In present embodiment, it is still first direction with Y-direction, only describe the execution mode that refractive index reduces gradually along Y-direction, along X, can be released easily by the execution mode reduced gradually along Y-direction refractive index along Z or along the execution mode that the hybrid directional refractive index of three reduces gradually.
Due in present embodiment, the volume ratio that each aperture 20 accounts for cube structure unit is identical, and aperture 20 domestic demand therefore along multiple cube structure unit of Y-direction arrangement fills different media to change dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of cube structure unit.Reach the object reduced gradually along Y-direction refractive index and need fill the medium that dielectric constant and magnetic permeability reduce gradually in the aperture 20 along Y-direction one row cube structure unit.Such as fill iodine crystal, cupric oxide, crystal, quartz, polystyrene, sodium chloride, glass, air successively.The medium that shadow representation in Fig. 5 in aperture 20 is filled, this filled media refractive index of the larger expression of hatching density is larger.
The various execution mode of above-mentioned first preferred embodiment and the various execution modes of the second preferred embodiment are combined and can easily be combined into multiple feasible embodiment.Such as cube structure unit volume shared by aperture 20 volume is different and be also filled with the different medium etc. of refractive index in aperture 20.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the electromagnetic Meta Materials of deviation, is characterized in that: this Meta Materials is formed by stacking along three-dimensional by multiple cube structure unit, one or more apertures that this cube structure unit comprises base material and formed in the substrate; Identical with the ratio of this cube structure unit volume along the small pore volume in multiple cube structure unit base materials of first direction arrangement, and the medium of filling in those apertures is different, the medium of those filling small holes in multiple cube structure unit base materials that this first direction is arranged is the medium that refractive index gradually changes, and this Meta Materials is at least gradually changed along this first direction refractive index.
2. the electromagnetic Meta Materials of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this cube structure cell size is less than 1/5th of the electromagnetic wavelength of required deviation.
3. the electromagnetic Meta Materials of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this base material is made up of ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material or ferrite material.
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| US10454174B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2019-10-22 | Novatel Inc. | Stacked patch antennas using dielectric substrates with patterned cavities |
| CN107910651B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-06-09 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Low-loss electromagnetic induction transparent all-dielectric metamaterial structure insensitive to polarization and incident angle |
| CN110109198B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-05-19 | 清华大学 | Gradient-refractive-index metamaterial and entangled photon pair generation system thereof |
| CN112615119B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-07-27 | 四川大学 | Microwave water load |
| CN112930017A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-08 | 四川大学 | Novel microwave high-efficiency plasma torch generator |
| CN112928413A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-08 | 四川大学 | S-band microwave nonreciprocal transmission waveguide based on super interface |
| WO2023176553A1 (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-09-21 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Resonator, metamaterial, optical element, and optical device |
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| JP2001085936A (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | High frequency substrate, dielectric lens antenna and its manufacture |
| CN201450116U (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2010-05-05 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna with wide frequency band, high gain and good directionality |
| US8300294B2 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2012-10-30 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Planar gradient index optical metamaterials |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
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