CN102752588B - Video encoding and decoding method using space zoom prediction - Google Patents
Video encoding and decoding method using space zoom prediction Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
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Abstract
The invention discloses a video encoding and decoding method using space zoom prediction. The encoding method comprises the following steps: by using zoom information, performing motion estimation on zoomed reference frames obtained by zooming original reference frames at different zoom ratios to find optimal matching; by using zoom prediction, estimating the zoom step and zoom window of the zoomed reference frames through preset number of zoom layers, the smallest zoom step and a predicted zoom value; and by using reference frame index prediction, predicting the numbering mode of the original reference frames and the zoomed reference frames, thus saving the bit number required for encoding the reference frame index. When being used for decoding each macro block, the decoding method comprises the following steps: performing reference frame index prediction, and finding the position of the reference frame in a reference frame matrix; performing zoom prediction, and finding the reference frame zoom ratio; generating a prediction block according to the zoom ratio and the MV (Mean Value); and finally performing steps of motion compensation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to digital video decoding technical field, especially relate to a kind of space contracting of use video sequence
Put the coding and decoding methods that information is predicted to present frame.
Technical background
The video encoding and decoding standard based on Block- matching hybrid encoding frame of main flow at present, such as MPEG4, H.264/AVC,
AVS etc., in inter prediction, from spatially mainly considering motion two dimensional surface for the image block, that is, horizontal and vertical
Motion.By obtaining the motion vector of current image block based on the estimation of Block- matching, find out current image block in former frame
Or in multiframe, and corresponding blocks in a later frame, with these corresponding blocks, current image block is predicted, and by motion vector
Enroll code stream.Additionally, equally being predicted to motion vector, worked as using the motion vector computation of some blocks around current block
Front piece of predicted motion vector, and the difference of the actual motion vector only being obtained predicted motion vector by estimation is enrolled
Code stream, greatlys save bit number needed for coding.
In most of video sequence, picture material is not simple motion in two dimensional surface, but there is scaling
Phenomenon.Object in scene changes with respect to the distance of taking lens, can cause the scaling of object；Video camera stretches camera lens
The scaling of whole scene can be caused.Therefore, if in current block and reference frame, corresponding blocks have scaling relation, using existing video
Motion estimation algorithm in coding standard then cannot get the block of best match.And if can be using the scaling relation in video sequence
Carry out auxiliary prediction, then can lift coding quality well.
Through, being found, Lai-Man Po of City University of Hong Kong et al. delivered in 2010 to existing document retrieval and investigation
's《Subsampled Block-Matching for Zoom Motion Compensated Prediction》Propose
The method carrying out Video coding using scalability information.Propose in this paper, using needed in former encoding and decoding standard point of pixel prediction
Interpolation image, to generate the reference frame of some specific pantograph ratios.Meanwhile, represent former using the reference frame index of multi-frame-reference
The reference frame of multi-frame-reference and the reference frame after zooming in and out.The method can lift coding efficiency, and can be more conveniently whole
Close in existing encoding and decoding framework.But because the method can only use the reference frame of specific pantograph ratio, and in practical application
Video scaling ratio is uncertain, and therefore the method can not reach higher coding quality lifting.Simultaneously as coding needs to give birth to
Become more reference frame, therefore using the reference frame index value arriving can ratio larger, have impact on coding efficiency.
Therefore, the present invention is proposed for each macro block and is predicted by scaling, using different scaling step-lengths and scaling window
Mouth generates the method for different scaled reference frames so that the prediction to scaling is more accurate.Meanwhile, propose to use reference frame index
The method of prediction carrys out prediction reference frame index numbering, reduces as representing the bit number that reference frame index need to consume.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of video of the space scalability information auxiliary compression of utilization video sequence compiles solution
Code method, in the case of decoding complex degree not being significantly increased, improves quality and the efficiency of video compress.
For achieving the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of method for video coding, estimation is made to exist
Carry out, to search best matching blocks on the scaled reference frame of different zoom ratio of original reference frame.Methods described includes：Each
Record original reference frame number R, scaling layer number of plies L and minimum zoom step-length S, the scaling layer number of plies and minimum zoom in individual picture frame
Step-length can be manually set or estimate to obtain by above some frames；Described original reference frame is present frame in original video sequence
In before and after the non-scaled reconstruction frames of some frames；In described image frame, an original reference frame of a macro block has one group of common L
The scaled reference frame group including described original reference frame of individual equal scaling step-length, the scaling step of described scaled reference frame group
Long and resize-window is obtained by scaling prediction；Different macro blocks can have different zoom step-length and the scaling ginseng of resize-window
Examine frame；Sub-block in described macro block can carry out estimation in the scaled reference frame group of described original reference frame, finds
Good match block；The index value of the reference frame that described macro block selects can be numbered using different methods, and the method for numbering is led to
Cross reference frame index prediction to draw.
Described scaled reference frame group is to carry out bilinear interpolation according to original reference frame using different zoom ratio by a series of
The scaled reference frame composition that scale transformation obtains, wherein comprises the scaled reference frame that pantograph ratio is 1, i.e. original reference frame.These
The pantograph ratio of scaled reference frame arranges from small to large, has equal scaling step-length between adjacent pantograph ratio.Described scaling step-length
And resize-window is obtained by scaling prediction.
Described scaling prediction includes：By in current macro left, upper left side, top, top-right macroblock, the contracting of available macroblock
Put ratio meansigma methodss Z0Pantograph ratio predictive value as current macro；Described available macroblock refers to that macro block exists, and its pantograph ratio
The macro block that there is also；According to Z0With 1 magnitude relationship and described present frame scaling layer number of plies L, resize-window is inquired about by table 1
Setting.Wherein, present frame scaling layer number of plies L is represented by 3n+k (n is natural number, k=1,2,3)：
Table 1
Can check as pantograph ratio predictive value Z from table 10When the absolute value of the difference with 1 is more than n times of minimum zoom step-length S,
Pantograph ratio is 1 and Z0Between scaled reference frame have n+1, wherein comprise 1 and do not comprise Z0, by 1 and Z0Between scaling ratio put down
It is divided into n+1 part, that is, trying to achieve scaling step-length isAs pantograph ratio predictive value Z0The absolute value of the difference with 1 is less than or equal to
During little scaling n times of step-length S, scaling step-length is set toAlso can inquire about from table 1 and obtain resize-window setting, that is, scale
Than the scaled reference frame number in different range.According to described resize-window and scaling step-length it may be determined that a scaled reference frame
The pantograph ratio of each of group scaled reference frame, and carries out bilinearity zoom operations to original reference frame, generate described each
Scaled reference frame.After scaled reference frame generates, described macro block just can carry out estimation on scaled reference frame, and only needs
Distinguish different scaled reference frames and original reference frame with reference frame index.If described macro block has multiple original reference frames,
Each original reference frame has a scaled reference frame group, the resize-window of all scaled reference frame groups and scaling step-length all phases
With, and be all to be obtained by the above scaling prediction.
Described reference frame index prediction refers to be predicted for the numbering of reference frame index.Due to introducing scaling
Relation, was therefore changed into the reference of the two dimension with time and the arrangement of scaling relation originally with the one-dimensional reference frame sequence of time arrangement
Frame matrix.Basic numbering can be preferential with time dimension, the first reference frame of numbering synchronization different zoom ratio, then compiles
Number not reference frame in the same time；Same pantograph ratio reference frame not in the same time can also first be numbered, then compiles to scale relation preference
The reference frame of number different zoom ratio.Described reference frame index Forecasting Methodology is：Judge current macro left, upper left side, top, the right side
The pantograph ratio of available macroblock in upper macroblock；If the pantograph ratio of described available macroblock is simultaneously greater than 1, or be less than 1 simultaneously, then with
Time dimension is preferential, the first reference frame of numbering synchronization different zoom ratio；Conversely, then first numbering same pantograph ratio not in the same time
Reference frame.
According to a further aspect in the invention, there is provided a kind of video encoding/decoding method, methods described includes：Decode a two field picture
When, first decode scaling layer number of plies L of this image and minimum zoom compares S；When decoding each macro block, first carry out described reference
Frame index is predicted, the reference frame according to used by the reference frame index of described macro block calculates described macro block is in reference to frame matrix
Position；Zoom in and out prediction than S and table 1 and try to achieve contracting according to the pantograph ratio of surrounding macro blocks, scaling layer number of plies L, minimum zoom
Put window and scaling step-length, and then position calculation in reference to frame matrix for the reference frame goes out this reference frame according to used by described macro block
Pantograph ratio；Then decode each sub-block of described macro block, the motion vector according to each sub-block and the pantograph ratio of reference frame
Obtain the prediction sub-block of each sub-block described from the image block of original reference frame correspondence position by bilinearity difference zoom operations；
Finally prediction sub-block is used for motion compensation.
The present invention has advantages below：Video coding compression ratio can be improved using scalability information；Different macro blocks are according to scaling
Prediction adopts different zoom step-length and resize-window, can preferably adapt to the diversity that zones of different in image scales relation,
Improve compression ratio；Reference frame index is predicted, reduces the bit number representing needed for reference frame index, improve code efficiency.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of coding in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the surrounding macro blocks schematic diagram that scaling prediction and reference frame index predict used current macro；
Fig. 3 is resize-window and scaling step-length under different prediction pantograph ratios in embodiment；
Fig. 4 is different reference frame index method for numbering serial in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of decoding in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the present invention is described in detail.The present embodiment is only of the present invention
Embodiment rather than whole embodiments.
The coding flow process of this embodiment as shown in figure 1, when encoding a two field picture, first by the scaling being manually set
Count layer by layer in L and minimum zoom step-length S write image head.In this embodiment, original reference frame number is set to 3, scaling is layer by layer
Number is set to 5, and minimum zoom step-length is set to 0.05.The estimation predicted using scaling for each macro block.Contracted first
Put prediction, the pantograph ratio according to surrounding macro blocks and the described scaling layer number of plies 5, and minimum zoom step-length 0.05, prediction scaling window
Mouth and scaling step-length.Generate corresponding 3 of 3 original reference frames according to resize-window and scaling step-length by bilinear interpolation to contract
Put set of reference frames totally 15 scaled reference frames.Each scaled reference frame carries out estimation, finds some scaled reference
The motion vector of this each sub-block of macro block on frame.Reference frame index prediction is carried out according to the available macroblock around current macro, in advance
Survey the numbering of this macro block reference frame index.Finally the residual error of reference frame index and each sub-block of macro block, motion vector etc. are entered
Row coding.
When each macro block is carried out with described scaling prediction and reference frame index prediction, first check described current
The macroblock status of macro block left, upper left, top and upper right, as shown in Figure 2.Look first at these macro blocks whether there is；If existing,
Whether these macro-block coding patterns are interframe encodes, if having pantograph ratio.If these macro blocks exist and have pantograph ratio, it is available
Macro block.For example in Fig. 2, current macro is macro block 10, and macro block 11 and macro block 14 do not exist, and macro block 12 and macro block 13 exist and have
Pantograph ratio, is available macroblock, then the pantograph ratio meansigma methodss according to macro block 12 and macro block 13 are as the prediction pantograph ratio of macro block 10；And
And according to the pantograph ratio size of macro block 12 and macro block 13 come the reference frame index numbering of predicted macroblock 10.
In this embodiment, the described scaling layer number of plies is 5, is represented by 3*1+2.Each macro block is carried out with described scaling
When prediction, the pantograph ratio being obtained using each macroblock prediction and minimum zoom step-length 0.05, zoom in and out window and contracting
Stride long prediction.As shown in figure 3, different resize-windows and scaling step-length can be obtained for different prediction pantograph ratios.
To macro block 100, predict that pantograph ratio is 1.4.Due to 1.4 ＞ 1+1*0.05, according to table 1 can obtain pantograph ratio be located at 1 and 1.4 it
Between have a scaled reference frame, be therefore calculated scaling step-length beAnd and then obtain in prediction window other
The pantograph ratio of scaled reference frame.To macro block 200, predict that pantograph ratio is 0.8, can obtain scaling step-length by table 1 in the same manner is 0.1.
To macro block 300, predict that pantograph ratio is 0.95, according to table 1, this macro block scaling step-length is minimum zoom step-length 0.05, and pantograph ratio
Scaled reference frame more than 1 with less than 1 respectively has two.
In this embodiment, original reference frame is set to 3, therefore for each original reference frame, is required for zooming in and out operation
Generate other 4 scaled reference frames, 12 scaled reference frames need to be generated altogether, there is higher operand.In this embodiment, generate
During scaled reference frame, with the maximum search scope according to coding settings, only with being calculated by bilinear interpolation according to original reference frame
The partial picture that on each reference frame, hunting zone covers, and without the complete frame scaled reference frame of generation.
In this embodiment, described reference frame index numbering has time mode of priority, first numbers the same time different
Shown in the reference frame of pantograph ratio, such as Fig. 4 (a), by dotted line direction by 0 order open numbering from small to large；There is scaling preferential
Mode, first numbers the reference frame of same pantograph ratio, such as shown in Fig. 4 (b), sequentially compiles from small to large by 0 by dotted line direction
Number.When each macro block is carried out with described reference frame index prediction, the available macroblock around current block with shown according to Fig. 2
Pantograph ratio predict current macro reference frame index numbering.If the pantograph ratio of available macroblock is complete and being more than 1 or is entirely less than 1,
Then temporally mode of priority is numbered, otherwise then presses scaling mode of priority numbering.
A typical decoding process in this embodiment is as shown in figure 5, when decoding a two field picture, decoding first is scaled
Count L and minimum zoom step-length S layer by layer.Then each macro block is decoded operating：Carry out reference frame index prediction, with according to such as
The pantograph ratio prediction reference frame index numbering of available macroblock around current macro shown in Fig. 2, if the scaling of available macroblock
It is more than 1 or is entirely less than 1 than complete, then temporally mode of priority is numbered, otherwise then press scaling mode of priority numbering；With it is predicted that ginseng
Examine frame index numbering and reference frame index value, position in reference to frame matrix for the reference frame can be calculated；Then count
The pantograph ratio average of available macroblock around current macro as shown in Figure 2, obtains predicting pantograph ratio；According to prediction pantograph ratio,
Scaling layer number of plies L and minimum zoom step-length S, inquiry resize-window setting in Table 1, and calculate scaling step-length；With according to scaling
The pantograph ratio of the step-length and described reference frame reference position calculation frame in reference to frame matrix；With according to reference frame pantograph ratio and correspondence
Original reference frame and macro block in sub-block motion vector computation sub-block prediction block；With it is predicted that block and decoding obtain
Residual error carries out motion compensation and remaining decoding step.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of prediction of use space scaling method for video coding it is characterised in that：
Original reference frame number R, scaling layer number of plies L and minimum zoom step-length S of this image is recorded in a frame coded image head；
Described original reference frame be present frame in original video sequence before and after several non-scaled reconstruction frames；Described scaling is layer by layer
Number is the number of reference frame in the scaled scaled reference frame group obtaining to original reference frame, and which includes pantograph ratio is
1 original reference frame itself；
When the scaled reference frame group generating each original reference frame is zoomed in and out to same macro block difference original reference frame, use
Identical resize-window and scaling step-length；Described resize-window is the scaled reference frame number in different range for the pantograph ratio；
Different macro blocks can have different resize-windows and scaling step-length；
Resize-window and scaling step-length are obtained by scaling prediction；
All reference frames are arranged into the two dimension of temporally dimension and scaling dimension tissue with reference to frame matrix, to reference frame in matrix
By being laterally or longitudinally numbered as reference frame index；
The mode of reference frame number is obtained by reference to frame index prediction；
Described scaling Forecasting Methodology includes：
Current macro left, upper left side, top, in top-right macroblock, if macro block exists and the pantograph ratio of macro block there is also, for
Available macroblock；
Meansigma methodss Z using the available macroblock pantograph ratio of Current ambient0Pantograph ratio predictive value as current macro；
With according to described pantograph ratio predictive value Z0, scaling layer number of plies L of described present frame, the minimum zoom step-length of described present frame lead to
Cross look-up method and try to achieve resize-window；
With trying to achieve scaling step-length according to resize-window.
2. the method for video coding of use space as claimed in claim 1 scaling prediction, wherein, described minimum zoom step-length S,
Refer in image, any one original reference frame of any one macro block be zoomed in and out it is allowed to two adjacent pantograph ratios it
The minima of difference.
3. the method for video coding of use space as claimed in claim 1 scaling prediction, wherein, described look-up method includes：
The scaling layer number of plies of described present frame is expressed as the form of 3n+k (n is natural number, k=1,2,3)；
Pantograph ratio predictive value Z according to described current macro0With 1 magnitude relationship, and the value of k, inquiry scaling in the following table
Than the scaled reference frame number in different intervals.
4. the method for video coding of use space as claimed in claim 1 scaling prediction, wherein, described with according to resize-window
Try to achieve scaling step-length method be：
As pantograph ratio predictive value Z0When the absolute value of the difference with 1 is more than n times of minimum zoom step-length S, pantograph ratio is in Z0And between 1
Scaled reference frame have n+1, wherein comprise 1 and do not comprise Z0, by 1 and Z0Between scaling ratio be equally divided into n+1 part, that is, ask
Step-length must be scaled is
As pantograph ratio predictive value Z0When the absolute value of the difference with 1 is less than or equal to n times of minimum zoom step-length S, scaling step-length is set to
5. the method for video coding of use space as claimed in claim 1 scaling prediction, wherein, described reference frame index is pre-
Survey method is：
Current macro left, upper left side, top, in top-right macroblock, if macro block exists and the pantograph ratio of macro block there is also, for
Available macroblock；If the pantograph ratio of described available macroblock is simultaneously greater than 1, or is less than 1 simultaneously, then with time dimension preferentially, first compile
The reference frame of number synchronization different zoom ratio；Conversely, then first numbering same pantograph ratio reference frame not in the same time.
6. a kind of prediction of use space scaling video encoding/decoding method it is characterised in that：
Original reference frame number R, scaling layer number of plies L and the minimum zoom that first decode image compare S；
When decoding each macro block, first carry out reference frame index prediction as claimed in claim 5, and with according to reference frame index meter
Calculate the position drawing reference frame used by described macro block in reference to frame matrix；
Scaled prediction as claimed in claim 1, tried to achieve resize-window and scaling step-length；
Calculate the pantograph ratio of reference frame；
The pantograph ratio of the motion vector of each sub-block according to described macro block and reference frame is from original reference frame correspondence position
Image block obtains the prediction sub-block of each sub-block described by bilinearity difference zoom operations.
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| US9800857B2 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2017-10-24 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Inter-view residual prediction in multi-view or 3-dimensional video coding |
| CN104427337B (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2018-03-27 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Interested area video coding method and its device based on target detection |
| US10630992B2 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2020-04-21 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method, application processor, and mobile terminal for processing reference image |
| CN107295340A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device of remote desktop Video coding |
| WO2019183906A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Inter-frame prediction method and device |
| CN110876084B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-01-01 | 浙江大学 | Method and apparatus for processing and transmitting media data |
| CN110838151B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-07-03 | 南京甄视智能科技有限公司 | Picture compression processing method, computer system and readable storage medium |
| CN114788285A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-07-22 | 寰发股份有限公司 | Video encoding or decoding method and apparatus with scaling constraint |
| CN111724304B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2024-04-19 | 深圳市爱协生科技股份有限公司 | Image scaling method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium |
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