CN102751587B - Nonuniform metamaterial for deflecting electromagnetic waves - Google Patents
Nonuniform metamaterial for deflecting electromagnetic waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN102751587B CN102751587B CN201110099375.4A CN201110099375A CN102751587B CN 102751587 B CN102751587 B CN 102751587B CN 201110099375 A CN201110099375 A CN 201110099375A CN 102751587 B CN102751587 B CN 102751587B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to a nonuniform metamaterial for deflecting electromagnetic waves. The nonuniform metamaterial comprises a function layer, wherein the function layer consists of at least one metamaterial sheet layer, wherein the metamaterial sheet layer comprises a base plate and a plurality of man-made microstructures attached on the base plate. The function layer is divided into a plurality of strip-shaped regions, the refraction rate of the function layer in each strip-shaped region is continuously increased, in addition, each strip-shaped region is at least provided with two adjacent regions including a first region and a second region, the refraction rate of the first region is continuously increased from n1 to n2, the refraction rate of the second region is continuously increased from n3 to n4, and in addition, n2 is greater than n3. A plurality of regions are arranged on the metamaterial, the refraction rate in each region is continuously changed, the slow deflection of electromagnetic waves in the region can be realized, and the electromagnetic wave can realize the preset deflection direction after passing through a plurality of regions. The nonuniform metamaterial provided by the invention has the advantages that the deflection of the electromagnetic wave can be conveniently and flexibly realized, the manufacture process is simple, and the mass production is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to super Material Field, more particularly, relate to the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of a kind of deviation.
Background technology
Super material is a kind of new material, is by base material and is attached on substrate surface or the multiple artificial micro-structural that is embedded in base material inside forms.Base material is played a supporting role to artificial micro-structural, can be the different material of any and artificial micro-structural, the stack meeting of this bi-material produces an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability in space, by designing the shape of the each artificial micro-structural in super material and the rule of arranging, just can design effective dielectric constant and the equivalent permeability of every bit in super material.
In the time that a branch of electromagnetic wave propagates into another medium by a kind of medium, electromagnetic wave can reflect, and in the time that the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will be to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, electromagnetic refractive index with
proportional, thereby by changing DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and/or the distribution of magnetic permeability μ in material, just can reach the object that changes electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Prior art is to utilize the mode of mechanical adjustment to change electromagnetic direction for realizing electromagnetic deviation, and the mode of this mechanical adjustment realizes the method underaction of electromagnetic wave deflection, is difficult to regulate easily.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical problem to be solved is, provides a kind of deviation electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial, can facilitate, realize flexibly electromagnetic deviation.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, provide a kind of deviation electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial, comprise the functional layer being formed by least one super sheet of material, described super sheet of material comprises substrate and multiple artificial micro-structural being attached on described substrate, described functional layer is divided into multiple belt-like zones, refractive index in all belt-like zones all increases continuously in the same direction and at least has two adjacent first areas and a second area, the refractive index of first area increases to n2 continuously from n1, the refractive index of second area increases to n4 continuously from n3, and meet n2 > n3.
Further, the functional layer of described super material by the super sheet of material of multiple refractive index non-uniform Distribution along perpendicular to stacking formation of described sheet surfaces direction.
Further, each described artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure being made up of at least one one metal wire.
Further, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
Further, described wire is attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
Further, described substrate is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is axially symmetric structure.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is " work " font, " ten " font or " king " font.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is that nonaxisymmetric structure comprises scalene triangle, parallelogram or irregular closed curve.
Further, described super material also comprises the impedance matching layer that is arranged at respectively described functional layer both sides.
Technique scheme at least has following beneficial effect: on inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, be provided with multiple regions, in each belt-like zone, the refractive index of super material increases continuously and at least has two adjacent first areas and a second area, the refractive index of first area increases to n2 continuously from n1, the refractive index of second area increases to n4 continuously from n3, and meets n2 > n3.Inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention can be convenient, flexible realize electromagnetic deviation, its manufacturing process is simple, facilitates large-scale production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the electromagnetic schematic diagram of super material deviation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of super material of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of super material shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the front view of the second embodiment of super material of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the front view of the 3rd embodiment of super material of the present invention.
Embodiment
Electromagnetic refractive index with
proportional, in the time that a branch of electromagnetic wave propagates into another medium by a kind of medium, electromagnetic wave can reflect, in the time that the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will be to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, thereby by changing DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and/or the distribution of magnetic permeability μ in material, just can reach the object that changes electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Super material is a kind ofly to carry out spatial arrangement, have the new material of special electromagnetic response, the substrate 1 that comprises artificial micro-structural 2 and adhere to for artificial micro-structural 2 taking artificial micro-structural 2 as elementary cell and with ad hoc fashion.Planar structure or the stereochemical structure of artificial micro-structural 2 for being formed by least one one metal wire, multiple artificial micro-structurals 2 array arrangement on substrate 1, each artificial micro-structural 2 with and the accompanying shared part of substrate 1 be a super material cell.Substrate 1 can be the different material of any and artificial micro-structural 2, and the stack of this bi-material makes each super material cell produce an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, these two physical parameters are corresponding respectively electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of super material cell.Super material is determined by the feature of artificial micro-structural 2 feature of electromagnetic response, and the electromagnetic response of artificial micro-structural 2 depends on topological characteristic and its physical dimension that its pattern wiry has to a great extent.According to pattern and the physical dimension of the each artificial micro-structural 2 of arranging in the super material space of above-mentioned principle design, just can arrange the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in super material.
Figure 1 shows that the electromagnetic schematic diagram of inhomogeneous metamaterial 10 deviation of the present invention, super material comprises functional layer 10 and is separately positioned on the impedance matching layer (not shown) of functional layer 10 both sides.There is the belt-like zone 4 that 4 refractive indexes increase continuously in the functional layer 10 of super material as shown in the figure.The refractive index in first region increases to n2 continuously from n1, the refractive index of Two Areas increases to n4 continuously from n3, trizonal refractive index increases to n6 continuously from n5, the refractive index in the 4th region increases to n8 continuously from n7, wherein n2 > n3, n4 > n5, n6 > n7.The electromagnetic wave of a branch of parallel incident is through after having the super material of above-mentioned refraction index profile rule, and outgoing electromagnetic wave is all to the direction deviation in the 4th region.The refractive index of the super material in the present invention in each belt-like zone 4 both can increase for LINEAR CONTINUOUS, also can be non-linear increasing continuously, as long as the refractive index of the interior functional layer 10 of all belt-like zones 4 all increases continuously in the same direction and at least has two adjacent first areas and a second area, the refractive index of first area increases to n2 continuously from n1, the refractive index of second area increases to n4 continuously from n3, and meet n2 > n3, can realize electromagnetic wave to same direction deviation.
In figure, L represents the length of belt-like zone 4, and the length L of 4 belt-like zones 4 in the present embodiment equates, and meets following relation:
(1)n2＞n3，n4＞n5，n6＞n7；
(2) refractive index in all belt-like zones 4 increases in the same direction or reduces.
Experiment showed, that electromagnetic wave meets following relationship by the deflection angle of the functional layer 10 of super material and the thickness of functional layer 10 and variations in refractive index rate:
d·Δn＝sinβ；
The wherein thickness of d presentation function layer 10; Δ n represents the variations in refractive index rate of adjacent two super material cell; β represents deflection angle.
Because the thickness d of functional layer 10 is determined, therefore to realize the deflection angle β 1=β 2=β 3=β 4 shown in Fig. 1, can determine the Δ n of adjacent two super material cell, therefore by the refraction index profile of the each super sheet of material 3 of appropriate design and the quantity of super sheet of material 3, Δ n is remained unchanged, can realize the electromagnetic wave of parallel incident to the parallel deviation of same direction.
Further, due to electromagnetic refractive index with
proportional, so as long as change at least one in dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, just can change refractive index.Experimental results show that, the artificial micro-structural 2 of identical patterns, its physical dimension is directly proportional to dielectric constant, therefore in the situation that incident electromagnetic wave is definite, artificial micro-structural 2 the arranging in super sheet of material of pattern and different size by the artificial micro-structural 2 of appropriate design, just can adjust the refraction index profile of super material, and then realize parallel incident electromagnetic wave to the parallel deviation outgoing of same direction.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively structural representation and the front view of the first embodiment of inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, in the present embodiment, functional layer 10 is by multiple super sheet of material 3 heterogeneous along being stacked into and being integrated perpendicular to its surface direction, and each super sheet of material 3 comprises the substrate 1 of sheet and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural 2 on substrate 1.Artificial micro-structural 2 in the present embodiment is " work " font, artificial micro-structural 2 array distribution are on substrate 1, the functional layer 10 of super material is divided into several belt-like zones 4 as shown in the figure, the size of the artificial micro-structural 2 of " work " font of each belt-like zone 4 increases continuously, and then the refractive index of super material in belt-like zone 4 increases continuously, in the time that parallel electromagnetic wave is injected the super material of the present embodiment, outgoing electromagnetic wave is all to the large direction deviation of refractive index, the law of dimension of the artificial micro-structural 2 by appropriate design " work " font can realize parallel incident electromagnetic wave to the parallel deviation outgoing of same direction.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are respectively the front view of second, third embodiment of inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, Fig. 4 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 in except the geometry of artificial micro-structural 2 from embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 different, the rules of arranging of artificial micro-structural 2 etc. are all identical with it.In embodiment illustrated in fig. 4, artificial micro-structural 2 is " king " font, also can adopt other axially symmetric structures such as " ten " font, can realize electromagnetic deviation as long as the refractive index of the super material in belt-like zone 4 increases continuously or reduces.In embodiment illustrated in fig. 5, artificial micro-structural 2 is scalene triangle, also can adopt other nonaxisymmetric structures such as parallelogram or irregular closed curve.
When concrete enforcement, can draw its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability by calculating and emulation, then the shape and size of constantly adjusting artificial micro-structural 2, can realize parallel electromagnetic wave to the parallel deviation outgoing of same direction until the value of its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability meets above-mentioned refraction index profile.
Artificial micro-structural 2 is made up of wires such as at least one copper wire or filamentary silvers, has special pattern.Metal wire carve by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics or ion quarter etc. several different methods be attached on substrate 1.Wherein etching is manufacturing process preferably, its step is to design after the plane pattern of suitable artificial micro-structural 2, first a tinsel is integrally attached on substrate 1, then pass through etching machines, utilize the chemical reaction of solvent and metal to get rid of artificial micro-structural 2 predetermined pattern paillon foil part in addition, the remaining artificial micro-structural 2 that can obtain array arrangement.Substrate 1 is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
On inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention, be provided with multiple regions, refractive index in each region increase continuously or reduce to realize electromagnetic wave in this region slowly to the large direction deviation of refractive index, the electromagnetic wave that the distribution of the shape and size by the artificial micro-structural 2 of appropriate design can realize parallel incident is to the parallel deviation outgoing of same direction.Inhomogeneous metamaterial of the present invention can be convenient, flexible realize electromagnetic deviation, its manufacturing process is simple, facilitates large-scale production.
The above is the specific embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation, comprise the functional layer being formed by least one super sheet of material, described super sheet of material comprises substrate and multiple artificial micro-structural being attached on described substrate, it is characterized in that, described functional layer is divided into multiple belt-like zones, refractive index in all belt-like zones all increases continuously in the same direction and at least has two adjacent the first belt-like zone and the second belt-like zones of direction that increase along refractive index, the refractive index of the first belt-like zone increases to n2 continuously from n1, the refractive index of the second belt-like zone increases to n4 continuously from n3, and meet n2>n3.
2. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the functional layer of described super material by the super sheet of material of multiple refractive index non-uniform Distribution along perpendicular to stacking formation of described sheet surfaces direction.
3. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, each described artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure being made up of at least one one metal wire.
4. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
5. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described wire is attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
6. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described substrate is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
7. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is axially symmetric structure.
8. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is " work " font, " ten " font or " king " font.
9. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is the nonaxisymmetric structure that comprises scalene triangle, parallelogram or irregular closed curve.
10. the electromagnetic inhomogeneous metamaterial of deviation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described super material also comprises the impedance matching layer that is arranged at respectively described functional layer both sides.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110099375.4A CN102751587B (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Nonuniform metamaterial for deflecting electromagnetic waves |
| PCT/CN2011/083099 WO2012139391A1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-11-29 | Metamaterial capable of deflecting electromagnetic waves |
| US13/522,500 US8827502B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-11-29 | Metamaterial for deflecting electromagnetic wave |
| EP11855251.2A EP2698871B1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-11-29 | Metamaterial capable of deflecting electromagnetic waves |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110099375.4A CN102751587B (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Nonuniform metamaterial for deflecting electromagnetic waves |
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| CN102751587A CN102751587A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
| CN102751587B true CN102751587B (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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| CN110534912B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2021-08-27 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | Lens and radiation device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
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| US8421706B2 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2013-04-16 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial microwave lens |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
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Effective date of registration: 20151202 Address after: 518057 Guangdong City, Nanshan District province high tech Zone in the middle of a high tech building, building No. 2, No. 9, building Patentee after: Shenzhen Guangqi Innovative Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 518000 Nanshan District City, Guangdong province high tech Zone in the middle of a high tech building, No. 9 software building Patentee before: Shenzhen Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology Patentee before: Shenzhen Kuang-Chi Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. |