CN102694143A - Air/vanadium redox flow battery - Google Patents
Air/vanadium redox flow battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102694143A CN102694143A CN2012101857041A CN201210185704A CN102694143A CN 102694143 A CN102694143 A CN 102694143A CN 2012101857041 A CN2012101857041 A CN 2012101857041A CN 201210185704 A CN201210185704 A CN 201210185704A CN 102694143 A CN102694143 A CN 102694143A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air/vanadium redox flow battery, belonging to the technical field of power and energy storage. The cell of the air/vanadium redox flow battery is mainly composed of a positive pole, a negative pole and a negative pole liquid storage tank, wherein the positive pole and the negative pole are separated by a proton transfer film; the positive pole is a gas diffusion electrode and uses oxygen and water in air as active substances; the active substance of the negative pole is a vanadium-containing electrolyte, and is arranged in the negative pole liquid storage tank; the negative pole liquid storage tank, a liquid pump and the negative pole are connected through pipelines to form an electrolyte circulation loop; and a conductive buffer layer is arranged between the positive pole and a positive pole current collector. The air/vanadium redox flow battery has the advantages of easy scale-up implementation, long circulation life, simple structure, lower material price, high energy density, high power intensity and the like, does not generate any pollutant in the whole charging/discharging process, is suitable to be used as large-scale electric energy storage equipment in a wind or solar power generation system, and can be widely used in electric power, transportations and other industries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power storage energy storage technology field, be specifically related to a kind of air/vanadium flow battery.
Background technology
Along with global economy development and fossil fuel exhaustion day by day; Energy resource supply becomes increasingly conspicuous with consumption contradiction; The energy security problem becomes the focus of country's life and even whole society's concern gradually, becomes the hidden danger of national strategy safety and the bottleneck of the restriction sustainable development of socio-economy day by day.
Tap a new source of energy with regenerative resource be the fundamental state policy of China's energy sustainable development.The utilization of new and renewable sources of energy not only can reduce the problem of environmental pollution that the use of fossil fuel causes, and can also optimize energy resource structure, strengthens the energy resource supply ability, alleviates pressure of supply and demand.Regenerative resources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy have cleaning, huge advantage such as renewable, and are inexhaustible, have broad application prospects and market potential.But the fluctuation of solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, intermittence and dispersed characteristics cause problems such as utilance is low, less economical, seriously restrict regenerative resource marketing and application development.Therefore; Developing energy storage technology safely and efficiently, is the important means that solves renewable energy power generation unstable state characteristic, is to advance renewable energy technologies large-scale application such as wind energy, solar energy; Ensure the national energy resource security, implement the key link of the national energy strategy of sustainable development.
In addition, the development of high efficiency smart electrical network also presses for big capacity electric power storage energy storing devices.Energy storage technology is to solve the electric power system imbalance between supply and demand; Guarantee the key technology of high efficiency smart power grid operation; Realizing the popularization and application of regenerative resource, solving national energy resource security problem, implement great demand is arranged in the national energy strategy of sustainable development.
The flow battery energy storage is a kind of extensive high-efficiency electrochemical energy storage () new technology.Realize the conversion and the storage of " electric energy-chemical energy-electric energy " through the variation of valence of reactivity material.Common flow battery is divided into double flow battery and single flow battery.Anodal electrolyte, the negative pole electrolyte of double flow battery are liquid; The active material of battery is dissolved in the electrolyte; Anodal be separated from each other, carry out independent loops separately, have the capacity height, recycle the life-span and advantage (ZL200510086917.9) such as grow with negative pole electrolyte.But owing to cell active materials is dissolved in the solution, the restriction of active material solubility in addition, the electrolyte volume is huge usually; Energy density is generally lower; Limited its extensive use (Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2011,158 (8) R55-R79).Single flow battery is owing to adopt the appositional pattern electrode; Reduced the consumption of electrolyte; Improve the energy density of flow battery, but there is solid phase reaction in the appositional pattern electrode in the cell charging process, cell active materials transforms between liquid/solid phases; Exist on ion migration and the electrode to generate the metallic dendrite problem, influence battery cycle life (ZL200610109424.7) significantly.Usually use potassium hydroxide alkalescence electrolyte lytic activity material, be difficult to avoid carbon dioxide in air to get in the electrolyte, cause that electrolyte property changes and performance degradation in long-term use.（CN101783429B）。
Exist energy density low based on existing flow battery system; The problem that the electrolyte consumption is big; The present invention proposes to adopt similar single flow battery pattern, only keeps the electrolyte of all-vanadium flow battery in negative side, uses airborne oxygen and water vapour as positive active material; Meanwhile, infiltrate electrolyte for fear of battery operation process Carbon Dioxide in Air and cause chemical property deterioration problem, propose to use the aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte system to replace potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.Realize above notion through structural design of the present invention, can effectively improve the energy storage density of flow battery, reduce big capacity thermal energy storage process electrolyte consumption, significantly reduce the energy-storage system cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of air/vanadium flow battery, possess following technical characterictic.
A kind of air/vanadium flow battery; It is characterized in that the monocell of this air/vanadium flow battery mainly is made up of positive pole, negative pole, negative pole fluid reservoir, anodal, negative pole is separated by proton-conductive films; Gas-diffusion electrode just very, with airborne oxygen G&W as active material; Negative electrode active material places in the negative pole fluid reservoir for containing V electrolyte; Through pipeline negative pole fluid reservoir, liquid pump, negative pole are connected the back and constitute the circulate electrolyte loop.
Said positive pole comprises plus plate current-collecting body, gas-diffusion electrode and conductive buffer layer, and wherein gas-diffusion electrode mainly is made up of gas diffusion layers and catalyst layer.
Said conductive buffer layer connects plus plate current-collecting body and gas-diffusion electrode, and provides air to flow through the path of anode; Constitute by in electric conducting material carbon felt, the graphite felt one or both.
Said negative pole comprises negative pole porous material and negative current collector; Said negative pole porous material is one or more in carbon felt, graphite felt, charcoal cloth, vitreous carbon, carbon fiber, the CNT.
Said negative electrode active material is a V electrolyte, and it is divalent vanadium ion and 3 valency vanadium ion mixing acidic aqueous solutions, and redox reaction takes place when V electrolyte flows through porous carbon materials.
Said acidic aqueous solution is one or more in sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution, the salpeter solution.
Said proton-conductive films is close to gas-diffusion electrode, and proton-conductive films has the conduction hydrogen ion and intercepts function anodal, the negative electrode active material infiltration.
Said negative or positive electrode collector has the conduction current function; The electric conducting material of negative or positive electrode collector is one or more in graphite, conductive plastics, copper coin, corrosion resistant plate, the titanium plate.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1 adopts gas-diffusion electrode as anode, use airborne oxygen G&W as active material have abundance, characteristic is easy to get.Compare with traditional double flow battery, reduced by 50% electrolyte consumption, improved the specific capacity and the energy density of battery.
2 utilize porous carbon materials and V electrolyte to constitute GND, simple in structure.Compare conventional fuel cell, on membrane electrode, can reduce by 50% noble metals such as catalyst consumption Pt, reduce the production cost of battery.
3 the present invention are conductive buffer layer owing to being provided with the compliant conductive cushion, have avoided gas-diffusion electrode directly to contact the damage that causes with collector.
4 air/vanadium flow batteries of the present invention have advantages such as manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, have extended cycle life.
In addition, if on gas-diffusion electrode of the present invention the load appropriate catalyst, this battery can also be realized the processing of dusty gas in charging process, with some poisonous lower valency oxide gas, like NO, NO
2, CO etc. are oxidized to high oxide, carry out harmless treatment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the single-cell structure sketch map;
Wherein each label is: 1-plus plate current-collecting body, 2-conductive buffer layer, 3-gas diffusion layers, 4-catalyst layer, 5-proton-conductive films, 6-negative pole porous material, 7-negative current collector.
Fig. 2 is the battery system sketch map;
Wherein each label is: the 8-pile, and 9-negative pole fluid reservoir, 10-negative pole liquid pump, 11-are anodal air pump.
Fig. 3 is the monocell charging and discharging curve.
Fig. 4 is the monocell charging and discharging curve.
Fig. 5 is a monocell single charging and discharging curve.
Fig. 6 is monocell cycle efficieny figure.
Embodiment
Following will combine accompanying drawing and embodiment explain the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of air/vanadium flow battery, and its electrode reaction is following:
Anodal reaction: O
2+ 2H
++ 2e
-=H
2O, E
0=1.23V;
Negative reaction: V
2+-e
-=V
3+, E
0=-0.26V.
Shown in Figure 1 is the single-cell structure sketch map; The battery of this air/vanadium flow battery mainly is made up of positive pole, negative pole, negative pole fluid reservoir; This monocell both positive and negative polarity is separated by proton-conductive films 5, gas-diffusion electrode just very, with airborne oxygen G&W as active material; Negative electrode active material places in the negative pole fluid reservoir for containing V electrolyte, through pipeline negative pole fluid reservoir, liquid pump, negative pole is connected the back and constitutes the circulate electrolyte loop.Wherein positive pole comprises plus plate current-collecting body 1, gas-diffusion electrode and conductive buffer layer 2, and wherein gas-diffusion electrode mainly is made up of gas diffusion layers 3 and catalyst layer 4, and negative pole comprises negative pole porous material 6 and negative current collector 7.
As shown in Figure 2, above-mentioned monocell is superimposed together, and constitutes the pile of air/vanadium flow battery; Pile 8 one ends link to each other with negative pole liquid pump 10 with anodal air pump 11 respectively; The other end links to each other with negative pole fluid reservoir 9, and negative pole fluid reservoir 9 links to each other with negative pole liquid pump 10, forms air/vanadium flow battery system.
In GND electrolyte fluid reservoir, adding free sulfuric acid concentration is 2.0mol L
-1, total V density is 1.5mol L
-1Electrolyte.Gas-diffusion electrode is done positive pole, and graphite felt adopts graphite cake to make collector as negative material, and battery is carried out the constant current charge-discharge test.Wherein, charging and discharging currents density 1mA cm
-2, charging cut-ff voltage 1.6V, discharge cut-off voltage 0.3V.Battery charge, discharge cycles test shows, battery is good at many these chargings, discharge cycles process stability, and chemical property has tangible cycle repeats characteristic, and is as shown in Figure 3.
In GND electrolyte fluid reservoir, adding free sulfuric acid concentration is 2.0mol L
-1, total V density is 1.5mol L
-1Electrolyte.Gas-diffusion electrode is done positive pole, and graphite felt adopts graphite cake to make collector as negative material, and battery is carried out the constant current charge-discharge test.Wherein, density of charging current 2mA cm
-2, discharge current density 2mA cm
-2, charging cut-ff voltage 1.3V, discharge cut-off voltage 0.3V.Through charge-discharge test repeatedly, battery has tangible charge and discharge process, and like Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, stability test is good, average current efficient 54.7%, and voltage efficiency 43.1%, average energy efficient 23.6% is seen Fig. 6.
Claims (9)
1. air/vanadium flow battery; It is characterized in that the monocell of this air/vanadium flow battery mainly is made up of positive pole, negative pole, negative pole fluid reservoir, anodal, negative pole is separated by proton-conductive films; Gas-diffusion electrode just very, with airborne oxygen G&W as active material; Negative electrode active material places in the negative pole fluid reservoir for containing V electrolyte; Through pipeline negative pole fluid reservoir, liquid pump, negative pole are connected the back and constitute the circulate electrolyte loop.
2. according to the said a kind of air/vanadium flow battery of claim 1, it is characterized in that said positive pole comprises plus plate current-collecting body, gas-diffusion electrode and conductive buffer layer, wherein gas-diffusion electrode mainly is made up of gas diffusion layers and catalyst layer.
3. a kind of air/vanadium flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said conductive buffer layer connects plus plate current-collecting body and gas-diffusion electrode, and provides air to flow through the path of anode; It is made up of in electric conducting material carbon felt, the graphite felt one or both.
4. according to the said a kind of air/vanadium flow battery of claim 1, it is characterized in that said negative pole comprises negative pole porous material and negative current collector.
5. a kind of air/vanadium flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said negative pole porous material is one or more in carbon felt, graphite felt, charcoal cloth, vitreous carbon, carbon fiber, the CNT.
6. a kind of air/vanadium flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, negative electrode active material is a V electrolyte, and it is divalent vanadium ion and 3 valency vanadium ion mixing acidic aqueous solutions, and redox reaction takes place when V electrolyte flows through porous carbon materials.
7. a kind of air/vanadium flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said acidic aqueous solution is one or more in sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution, the salpeter solution.
8. a kind of air/vanadium flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that said proton-conductive films is close to gas-diffusion electrode, and proton-conductive films has the conduction hydrogen ion and intercepts function anodal, the negative electrode active material infiltration.
9. a kind of air/vanadium flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said negative or positive electrode collector has the conduction current function; The electric conducting material of negative or positive electrode collector is one or more in graphite, conductive plastics, copper coin, corrosion resistant plate, the titanium plate.
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| CN2012101857041A CN102694143A (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2012-06-06 | Air/vanadium redox flow battery |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102983340A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-03-20 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for removing copper ions from copper-containing vanadium liquid |
| CN104716343A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-06-17 | 河南师范大学 | High-performance composite carbon felt |
| CN106129425A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2016-11-16 | 许昌学院 | A kind of porous carbon electrode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN107039670A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-11 | 香港科技大学 | Electric fuel energy storage new method and system |
| CN110100343A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-08-06 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Redox flow batteries |
| CN110998948A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-04-10 | 京瓷株式会社 | Flow battery |
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| CN101501904A (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2009-08-05 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Multi-layer diffusion medium substrate |
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2012
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| CN101501904A (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2009-08-05 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Multi-layer diffusion medium substrate |
| CN102227029A (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2011-10-26 | 周成壁 | High-concentration vanadium electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 《Electrochemistry Communications》 20101126 S.S.Hosseiny,et al. "A polyelectrolyte membrane-based vanadium/air redox flow battery" 751-754 1-9 第13卷, * |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102983340A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-03-20 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for removing copper ions from copper-containing vanadium liquid |
| CN102983340B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-04-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for removing copper ions from copper-containing vanadium liquid |
| CN104716343A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-06-17 | 河南师范大学 | High-performance composite carbon felt |
| CN106129425A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2016-11-16 | 许昌学院 | A kind of porous carbon electrode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN110100343A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-08-06 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Redox flow batteries |
| CN107039670A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-11 | 香港科技大学 | Electric fuel energy storage new method and system |
| CN110998948A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-04-10 | 京瓷株式会社 | Flow battery |
| CN110998948B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2022-10-25 | 京瓷株式会社 | Flow battery |
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Application publication date: 20120926 |