CN102693329A - Urban dispersion simulation method based on multiresolution chart - Google Patents
Urban dispersion simulation method based on multiresolution chart Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an urban dispersion simulation method based on a multiresolution chart. The urban dispersion simulation method is characterized by starting with scene modelling to building an urban dispersion simulation scene based on a multiresolution chart so as to form an universal dispersion simulation method in the urban dispersion simulation field by combining the existing various human behaviour simulation methods. When the method disclosed by the invention is applied, on one hand, dispersion simulation based on the multiresolution chart requires concrete analysis carried out according to different urban disaster environments, and a concrete multiresolutiona chart generative process is changed to some extent by combining setting of fine degree of the required disaster evaluation; on the other hand, the method disclosed by the invention is combined with the existing dispersion simulation method, the existing personnel dispersion decision simulation method is realized onto a scene model in the method disclosed by the invention, and a complete dispersion simulation system is formed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system emulation field, a kind of urban-evacuation simulation method that can adapt to many fine degree model of more specifically saying so.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, the safety issue of large-scale public place more and more causes concern.In these places, a large amount of personnel's turnover are arranged, in case emergency takes place,, be not only the problem that must think better of in the architectural design how with a large amount of personal security rapid evacuation, also be that existing building is carried out the research method that the emergency condition contingency plan is formulated.In actual environment, receive the influence of cost and other reason, common manoeuvre method is difficult to use.Most economical feasible method is exactly design proposal and the emergency condition contingency plan through the analogue simulation check building of computing machine.Carry out the simulation of evacuating personnel emulation on computers effectively, the evacuation performance of assistant analysis environment (being scene) and the suitable dispersal plan of formulation.
For example, a large amount of crowds all can assembled in some stadiums and public place.If accident such as breaking out of fire under such environment is considered and is handled and will cause huge personnel and property loss accidentally.Given this, on the one hand, at the beginning of stadiums and public place design, will consider personnel's when accident takes place evacuation problem, in the shortest time, effectively the crowd evacuated out the specific region safely as far as possible; On the other hand, when accident takes place, also to consider on-the-spot flurried atmosphere, therefore must formulate and evacuate and the scheme of reply, guarantee that the evacuation process is efficient as much as possible, to reduce and to avoid heavy losses.More than two aspects can promptly carry out evacuation emulation and realize through the evacuation process is simulated.
A large amount of research and application have all been carried out to evacuation emulation both at home and abroad.In the urban dispersion field; Existing evacuation emulation method is paid close attention to personnel in the evacuation process or crowd's subjective decision mechanism mostly; Realistic model wherein is single model; And often need be based upon above the analysis of different fine degree in the assessment of actual cities disaster, so just need evacuation emulation method that addresses that need, adapts to many fine degree model of design.This disaster is meant and occurs in the urban area, possibly cause great casualties and need carry out the disaster and the accident of evacuating personnel, flood for example, fire, dangerous material leakage etc.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point; A kind of urban-evacuation simulation method based on multi-resolution images is provided; From scene modeling; Foundation has the urban-evacuation simulation scene based on multi-resolution images, in conjunction with the whole bag of tricks of existing human behavior emulation, form one in the urban-evacuation simulation field general evacuation emulation method.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The present invention is based on the urban-evacuation simulation method of multi-resolution images, be characterized in operating as follows:
1, analyze the evacuation characteristic of various buildings in city and facility, be divided three classes according to its different effects in the evacuation process:
Office Area building type, residential area building type and other facility classes, the predicable that extracts in each type to be had forms the template of each type that includes said predicable, and inhomogeneous template is formed and is evacuated the model of place ATL;
Said building and facility do not comprise urban road network; The evacuation characteristic of said building and facility is meant the function of evacuating destination, terminal or seedbed point that is used as that various buildings and facility are showed in the city in the evacuation process, with and carrying and transit staff's ability;
2, the scene information of given given city; In existing evacuation scene ATL, select corresponding type template; Include the scene information of said given city in template; Ox becomes the model of given city building and facility; Scene information according to said given city generates the urban road pessimistic concurrency control simultaneously, concerns that according to the model of said given city building and facility and the position of urban road pessimistic concurrency control the model with said building and facility is connected on the said urban road pessimistic concurrency control, generates the original evacuation model of place in designated city;
3, the original evacuation model of place that step 2 is generated carries out pre-service; Said pre-service is according to different emulation demands said original evacuation model of place to be merged abbreviation, is met the urban dispersion model of place with different resolution of different simulation accuracy requirements respectively;
4, be directed against the urban dispersion model of place of the resulting different resolution of step 3; Input emulation original state; Comprise the evacuation state and evacuation scene state of evacuating personnel in the scene; Said evacuating personnel state comprises personnel's position, translational speed, priority, muscle power and from principal parameter; Said evacuation scene state is at a time remaining total number of persons and the total number of persons that fled from the Architectural Equipment: with the behavior of description personnel in the evacuation process is target, generation personnel intelligence body, and said personnel's intelligence body has personnel's evacuation status information;
5, according to current evacuation scene state; On the urban dispersion model of place basis of the different resolution that step 3 obtains; Adopt the heuristic path searching algorithm to calculate the evacuation plan route; Judge the mobile purpose of personnel's intelligence body based on the evacuation plan route, i.e. the mobile scheme that possibly take of next step personnel's intelligence body;
6, carry out simulation process; In carrying out process of simulation according to around scene variation adjustment personnel intelligence body from principal parameter; Mobile personnel intelligence body also alternatively changes priority, the translational speed information of personnel's intelligence body; Finish until emulation, it is sign that said emulation finishes to arrive with personnel's general evacuation or fixed time.
The characteristics of the inventive method also are:
In said step 3, operate as follows for the urban dispersion model of place that obtains to satisfy different simulation accuracy requirements with different resolution:
According to different emulation needs, confirm the precision grade of required urban dispersion model of place with different resolution; The setting accuracy rank is A, B, C and D level Four; Said A level is the precision of original city model of place; Said B level is for only carrying out the model accuracy that abbreviation merges to other facility model; Said C level is the model accuracy that residential area building and other facility model abbreviation are merged, and said D level is the model accuracy to all buildings and the merging of facility model abbreviation; To the D level, precision grade successively decreases successively from the A level, and wherein, said A level is the most accurate;
The simplification of Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS:
Total number of persons the original scene model is merged in the BUILDINGS MODELS of Office Area, back is a foundation, carries out the merging of each Office Area building; When the model accuracy grade requirement is D; Personnel's number according in the building of Office Area merges: when total number of persons reaches setting value P in the BUILDINGS MODELS of a plurality of Office Areas; Said a plurality of Office Areas BUILDINGS MODELS is merged into an Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS; Simultaneously, regenerate the evacuation performance that merges Office Area, back BUILDINGS MODELS;
The simplification of residential area BUILDINGS MODELS:
Total number of persons the original scene model is merged in the BUILDINGS MODELS of residential area, back is a foundation, carries out the merging of each residential area building; When the model accuracy grade requirement is C or D; Personnel's number according in the building of residential area merges: when total number of persons reaches setting value Q in the building of a plurality of residential areas; Said a plurality of residential areas BUILDINGS MODELS is merged into a residential area BUILDINGS MODELS; Simultaneously, regenerate the evacuation performance that merges residential area, back BUILDINGS MODELS; Said setting value O is that the order according to accuracy requirement C of living in, D increases progressively successively;
Other facility simplified models:
When model accuracy requires to B, C or D; Need simplify other facility models; Said other facility models and on every side Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS or residential area BUILDINGS MODELS are merged; Form a new Office Area building or a residential area BUILDINGS MODELS, the evacuation performance of merged other facility model is also incorporated among formed new Office Area building or the residential area BUILDINGS MODELS thereupon.
Urban road network's simplified models:
Merge on the basis at building and other facility models, the urban road pessimistic concurrency control is made adaptability revision, removal merges the road that no longer needs because of building and other facility models;
Said step 6 is operated as follows:
1, with personnel intelligence body be foundation from principal parameter, judge whether and need evacuate according to the evacuation plan route that generates in the step 5.Personnel intelligence body be lower than the half the of its codomain from principal parameter, then this evacuation plan route is abrogated.If the evacuation plan route is not abrogated, then continue to confirm the mobile purpose of personnel's intelligence body according to the evacuation plan route; If the evacuation plan route is abrogated, then confirm that according to other personnel's intelligence body around it it moves purpose.
2, judge according to the mobile purpose of personnel's intelligence body; If it is feasible that this moves purpose, the position of personnel's intelligence body is not convertd after promptly according to the purpose of moving, and does not have the higher personnel's intelligence body of priority simultaneously in this position of conversion; Then according to the purpose of moving; Otherwise, carry out the heuristic path searching algorithm again, calculate new evacuation plan route.
During the inventive method is used, on the one hand, need make a concrete analysis of to different city disaster environments based on the evacuation emulation of multi-resolution images, the concrete generative process that is provided with multi-resolution images in conjunction with needed disaster assessment fine degree changes to some extent; The inventive method and existing evacuation emulation method combine on the other hand, and existing evacuating personnel Simulation on Decision method is implemented on the model of place of the present invention, constitute complete evacuation emulation system.
Compared with present technology, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the evacuation environmental model of multiresolution of the present invention can satisfy the needs of multiple assessment fine degree in the disaster emulation of city;
2, emulation mode of the present invention is imported simple: the method that adopts template to separate with parameter, and can carry out data input and shape intuitively and accurately and read setting;
3, the present invention adopts the heuristic path searching algorithm, the personnel psychology behavioural characteristic when meeting actual evacuation, the effectively human behavior in the analogue simulation evacuation process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the urban-evacuation simulation method towards multi-resolution images of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a multiresolution figure structure schematic representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an A* water algorithm flow chart.
Label among the figure: 1 residential area building, 2 Office Areas building, 3 other facilities, 4 roads.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, method is carried out as follows in the present embodiment:
1, analyzes the evacuation characteristic of the various buildings in city, facility, classify, generate and evacuate the model of place ATL.As shown in Figure 2, this evacuation model of place ATL comprises Office Area building 1, residential area building 2 and other facilities 3 totally three class templates.
2, the scene information of given given city; In existing evacuation scene ATL, select corresponding template; Include information in template, generate the model of urban architecture and facility, the scene information according to given city generates the urban road pessimistic concurrency control simultaneously; Above-mentioned two kinds of models combine, and generate the evacuation model of place in designated city.As shown in Figure 2, the subregion evacuation emulation model of a certain town marks on its city height map, comprises the Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS, residential area BUILDINGS MODELS, other facilities and road 4.
3, the urban dispersion model of place that generates to a last step carries out pre-service, is met the urban dispersion model of place of the different resolution figure of demands of different.
As shown in Figure 2, can divide the model accuracy rank is level Four, is respectively: original, meticulous, general and simple.Represent with A, B, C and D respectively, throw in 20,000 people at random, to C and two kinds of model accuracies of D, the value of P is set to 400 and 600 people respectively, and Q then is 100 and 200 people.Finally obtain the urban dispersion model under 4 model accuracies as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS, residential area BUILDINGS MODELS are as shown in the table with the number of other facility models in different model precision grades:
| ? | A | B | C | D |
| The Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| The residential area BUILDINGS MODELS | 56 | 20 | 12 | 7 |
| Other facility models | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
On the urban dispersion model of place basis of the multi-resolution images that step 3 obtains, input emulation original state mainly comprises the evacuation state of evacuating personnel in the scene and the state of evacuating scene.
Wherein, Position in the personnel intelligence body, speed, priority, muscle power and all can generate at random from principal parameter; The scope of positional information is whole evacuation scene; The ranged space of velocity information is from l to 10, and the ranged space of precedence information, physical information and autonomous parameter information is from 1 to 10.
According to current evacuation scene state; On the urban dispersion model of place basis of the multi-resolution images that step 4 obtains; Calculate it to each personnel intelligence body and move purpose, adopt didactic A* path search algorithm, take into full account personnel and the variation of scene state in the evacuation process.For example, can set with the road that arrives map central authorities serves as to evacuate the destination, and starting point is positioned at each buildings or other facility models, on the evacuation emulation model of four kinds of precision grades shown in Figure 2, carries out emulation.
For example, be on the evacuation model of B at precision grade, personnel's intelligence body a is concrete personnel's intelligence body, and its positional information is No. 7 residential area BUILDINGS MODELSs, and velocity information is 7, and precedence information is 8, and physical information is 6, and autonomous parameter information is 6.It is carried out the A* algorithm, obtains one according to link length and can arrive the evacuation point of destination---the route L of road, as shown in Figure 3.
The A* algorithm is a kind of ordered search algorithm, and its characteristics are in the definition to evaluation function.For general ordered search, always select the minimum node of f value as expanding node.Therefore, f finds the viewpoint of a minimal cost path to estimate node as required, so the evaluation function value that can consider each node n is two components: cost from start node to node n and the cost that arrives destination node from node n.
1, put into OPEN table to S, note f=h makes that CLOSED is empty table.
2, repeat processes, until finding destination node to end.If OPEN is empty table, then count out.
3, select the minimum node of the f value that was not provided with in the OPI:N table to be happy festival time BESTNODE, and put into CLOSED to it and show.’
4, if BESTNODE is a destination node, then successfully tries to achieve one and separate.
5, if BESTNODE is not a destination node, then expand it, produce descendant node SUCCSSOR.
6, each SUCCSSOR is carried out processes:
The pointer of BESTNODE is returned in a, foundation from SUCCSSOR.
B, calculate g (SUC)=g (BES)+g (BES, SUC).
If b SUCCSSOR ∈ is OPEN, claim that then this node is OLD, add to the descendant node table of BESTNODE.
D, new and old path cost.If < g (OLD) confirms again that then former generation's node of OLD is BESTNONE to g (SUC), writes down less cost g (OLD), and revises f (OLD) value.
E, lower or the same as if the cost to the OLD node then stops expanding node.
F, if SUCCSSOR not in CLOSE table, sees then that it is whether in the CLOSED table.
G, if SUCCSSOR in CLOSE table, then turns to c.
H, if SUCCSSOR neither in OPEN table, not in the CLOSED table, then puts into the OPEN table to it, and inserts the BESTNODE descendant list again, turn to (7) then.
I, calculating f value.
7、GO LOOP
Carry out simulation process, intelligent mobile agent also adds interactive information.Wherein mobile personnel intelligence body changes its positional information exactly.To each personnel intelligence body,, move the basic enterprising administrative staff of existing L in conjunction with its speed, priority, muscle power with from principal parameter.With aforementioned a is example, after calculating L, puts together with other personnel's intelligence bodies that are positioned at same building model, confirms according to autonomous parameter information whether L keeps; According to the personnel that road passage capability restriction selection is passed through specifically, be foundation with the precedence information; If can pass through, confirm that according to velocity information this personnel's intelligence body takes next buildings or other facility models in next or following several timeslices;
If confirm to move required time, revise according to muscle power, promptly multiply by (10/ muscle power);
Final simulation calculation can obtain the simulation result on the different levels urban dispersion model of place as shown in the table.
| ? | Evacuate the deadline (s) | The number of flooding or besieging (people) |
| Evacuate model accuracy rank A | 231 | 426 |
| Evacuate model accuracy rank B | 215 | 385 |
| Evacuate model accuracy rank C | 257 | 391 |
| Evacuate model accuracy rank D | 283 | 398 |
Analyzing simulation result can see; On different urban dispersion model of place levels, obtained close result of calculation; Such result itself is too big difference not, and difference is that process of simulation is different: evacuate the model hierarchy granularity less just can simulate littler urban structure unit, for example house undoubtedly; The street, and then can on finer level, carry out the disaster assessment.
Claims (4)
1. based on the urban-evacuation simulation method of multi-resolution images, it is characterized in that operating as follows:
(1), analyzes the evacuation characteristic of various buildings in city and facility; Be divided three classes according to said building and the different effects of facility in the evacuation process: Office Area building class, residential area building class and other facility classes; The predicable that extracts in each type to be had; Formation includes the template of each type of said predicable, and inhomogeneous template is formed evacuation model of place ATL; Said building and facility do not comprise urban road network; The evacuation characteristic of said building and facility is meant the function of evacuating destination, terminal or seedbed point that is used as that various buildings and facility are showed in the city in the evacuation process, with and carrying and transit staff's ability;
(2), the scene information of given given city, in existing evacuation scene ATL, select corresponding type template, include the scene information of said given city in template, generate the model of given city building and facility; Scene information according to said given city generates the urban road pessimistic concurrency control; Concern that according to the model of said given city building and facility and the position of urban road pessimistic concurrency control the model with said building and facility is connected on the said urban road pessimistic concurrency control, generates the original evacuation model of place in designated city;
(3), the original evacuation model of place that step (2) is generated carries out pre-service; Said pre-service is according to different emulation demands said original evacuation model of place to be merged abbreviation, is met the urban dispersion model of place with different resolution of different simulation accuracy requirements respectively;
(4), be directed against the urban dispersion model of place of the resulting different resolution of step (3); Input emulation original state; Comprise the evacuation state and evacuation scene state of evacuating personnel in the scene; Said evacuating personnel state comprises personnel's position, translational speed, priority, muscle power and from principal parameter, and said evacuation scene state is at a time remaining total number of persons and the total number of persons that fled from the Architectural Equipment; With the behavior of description personnel in the evacuation process is target, generation personnel intelligence body, and said personnel's intelligence body has personnel's evacuation status information;
(5), according to current evacuation scene state; On the urban dispersion model of place basis of the different resolution that step 3 obtains; Adopt the heuristic path searching algorithm to calculate the evacuation plan route; Judge the mobile purpose of personnel's intelligence body based on the evacuation plan route, i.e. the mobile scheme that possibly take of next step personnel's intelligence body;
(6), carry out simulation process; In carrying out process of simulation according to around scene variation adjustment personnel intelligence body from principal parameter; Mobile personnel intelligence body also alternatively changes priority, the translational speed information of personnel's intelligence body; Finish until emulation, it is sign that said emulation finishes to arrive with personnel's general evacuation or fixed time.
2. according to the described urban-evacuation simulation method of claim l, it is characterized in that in said step (3) operating as follows for the urban dispersion model of place that obtains to satisfy different simulation accuracy requirements with different resolution based on multi-resolution images:
According to different emulation needs, confirm the precision grade of required urban dispersion model of place with different resolution; The setting accuracy rank is A, B, C and D level Four; Said A level is the precision of original city model of place; Said B level is for only carrying out the model accuracy that abbreviation merges to other facility model; Said C level is the model accuracy that residential area building and other facility model abbreviation are merged, and said D level is the model accuracy to all buildings and the merging of facility model abbreviation; To the D level, precision grade successively decreases successively from the A level, and wherein, said A level is the most accurate;
The simplification of Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS:
Total number of persons the original scene model is merged in the BUILDINGS MODELS of Office Area, back is a foundation, carries out the merging of each Office Area building; When the model accuracy grade requirement is D; Personnel's number according in the building of Office Area merges: when total number of persons reaches setting value P in the BUILDINGS MODELS of a plurality of Office Areas; Said a plurality of Office Areas BUILDINGS MODELS is merged into an Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS; Simultaneously, regenerate the evacuation performance that merges Office Area, back BUILDINGS MODELS;
The simplification of residential area BUILDINGS MODELS:
Total number of persons the original scene model is merged in the BUILDINGS MODELS of residential area, back is a foundation, carries out the merging of each residential area building; When the model accuracy grade requirement is C or D; Personnel's number according in the building of residential area merges: when total number of persons reaches setting value Q in the building of a plurality of residential areas; Said a plurality of residential areas BUILDINGS MODELS is merged into a residential area BUILDINGS MODELS; Simultaneously, regenerate the evacuation performance that merges residential area, back BUILDINGS MODELS; Said setting value Q is that the order according to accuracy requirement C of living in, D increases progressively successively;
Other facility simplified models:
When model accuracy requires to B, C or D; Need simplify other facility models; Said other facility models and on every side Office Area BUILDINGS MODELS or residential area BUILDINGS MODELS are merged; Form a new Office Area building or a residential area BUILDINGS MODELS, the evacuation performance of merged other facility model is also incorporated among formed new Office Area building or the residential area BUILDINGS MODELS thereupon;
Urban road network's simplified models:
Merge on the basis at building and other facility models, the urban road pessimistic concurrency control is made adaptability revision, removal merges the road that no longer needs because of building and other facility models.
3. according to the described urban-evacuation simulation method of claim l, it is characterized in that the execution simulation process in the said step (6) is operated as follows based on multi-resolution images:
(1), with personnel intelligence body be foundation from principal parameter, judge whether and need evacuate according to the evacuation plan route that generates in the step (5); Personnel intelligence body be lower than the half the of its codomain from principal parameter, then this evacuation plan route is abrogated; If the evacuation plan route is not abrogated, then continue to confirm the mobile purpose of personnel's intelligence body according to the evacuation plan route; If the evacuation plan route is abrogated, then confirm that according to other personnel's intelligence body around it it moves purpose.
(2), judge according to the mobile purpose of personnel intelligence body; If it is feasible that this moves purpose, the position of personnel's intelligence body is not convertd after promptly according to the purpose of moving, and does not have the higher personnel's intelligence body of priority simultaneously in this position of conversion; Then according to the purpose of moving; Otherwise, carry out the heuristic path searching algorithm again, calculate new evacuation plan route.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103413010A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-11-27 | 中国人民解放军91655部队 | Aggregation and disaggregation method for multi-resolution general force simulation models |
| CN104933661A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-09-23 | 山东科技大学 | Balanced crowd evacuation method for asymmetric safe passages of public building |
| CN104992249A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-21 | 华中科技大学 | Flood-diversion area danger-avoiding transfer scheme programming method in passive flood-diversion scene |
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2011
- 2011-03-25 CN CN201110073073XA patent/CN102693329A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103413010A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-11-27 | 中国人民解放军91655部队 | Aggregation and disaggregation method for multi-resolution general force simulation models |
| CN104933661A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-09-23 | 山东科技大学 | Balanced crowd evacuation method for asymmetric safe passages of public building |
| CN104992249A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-21 | 华中科技大学 | Flood-diversion area danger-avoiding transfer scheme programming method in passive flood-diversion scene |
| CN104992249B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-09-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of flood-diversion area hedging metastasis model method for building up under passive flood diversion scene |
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Application publication date: 20120926 |