CN102629271A - Complex data visualization method and equipment based on stacked tree graph - Google Patents
Complex data visualization method and equipment based on stacked tree graph Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a complex data visualization method based on stacked tree graph. For a complex data set to be displayed, the contained data is provided with time attributes and hierarchical relationship, and the visualization processing for the data set comprises the following steps: hierarchical processing to the date set can be performed according to self time attributes and hierarchical relationship of the contained data, so as to generate a tree shaped data structure; the generated tree shaped data structure is reflected to be a stacked tree graph on a two dimensional surface; and the stacked tree graph is drawn and displayed on a display plane. The invention further provides the complex data visualization equipment so as to meet the using requirements of the method. The invention solves the problems that a conventional time sequence visualization method cannot present hierarchy attribute and the hierarchical data visualization method cannot carry out visualization to data with time continuous attributes, thereby achieving the purpose of presenting hierarchical structure and time attributes of data within a limited space to a great extend.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the information visualization field, be specifically related to a kind of the large amount of complex data carried out visualization method and equipment.
Background technology
Along with the development of infotech, the quantity of information of every field is also in increase by leaps and bounds.For the great deal of information data, how to obtain and lie in valuable content in the data, be the problem that people are concerned about.Visualization technique is exactly with various non-directly perceived, abstract data, shows by correlation techniques such as computer graphicals, for the interaction process of people to data, obtains information that data contain and offers help.In Chinese granted patent 200810108432.9; IBM Corporation proposes a kind of to bulk information visualization method and equipment; This method can be mapped to information such as tree construction that comprises mass data point or tables of data on the virtual spherical surface, projects to then on the display plane.
Time series data is meant on different time sections the data that (like every month, per season, every year) collects, and this type data have reflected state or degree over time such as a certain things, phenomenon.Traditional time series data method for visualizing mainly is to calculate through statistical classification, methods such as Gantt chart, trend map, the complex time sequences data are presented in user plane with the mode of figure before, assisted user is handled and is made a strategic decision, and is used widely.ThemeRiver is by Havre; Hetzler; A kind of method for visualizing that people such as Whitne proposed in 2002; It vividly describes the theme development in time that data centralization comprises with the form in " river ", and a theme is represented in one " river ", the development degree in this corresponding moment of theme of width means.Though this technology is carried out data by theme and time sequence visual, its utilization of space is not high, and the quantity of information that offers the user neither be very substantial.The Furu Wei of IBM in 2010; People such as Shixia Liu have proposed a text visualization system TIARA based on the technology of piling up; This system carries out visual analysis according to user-selected theme, time to the related text data; Come theme is quantized in the attention rate that goes up sometime through modes such as word frequency statisticses, make the user can recognize the variation of interior user's focus of different time sections and attention rate better.And utilize and pile up the space between the figure, fill the higher word of word frequency.Though this method has improved space availability ratio, show that in the hierarchical structure of theme existence still is not enough, the user can only get access to the relevant information of big theme.Hierarchical data is meant and exists a kind of multi-level relation as tree between the data that it is a kind of data structure commonly used, like the classification of biology species, book cataloging classification etc.People such as Liu Shixia have described a kind of method of visualizing hierarchical graph structure data in Chinese granted patent 200710160532.1, focus area appeared stratification graph structure back end and between relation.The visualization technique of hierarchical information mainly comprises: taper tree, hyperbolic tree, technology such as tree graph (Treemap).Tree graph (Treemap) technology is the visual a kind of model of hierarchical information by propositions such as Ben Shneiderman.It uses nested rectangle, and the hierarchical structure of set of source data has been mapped in the two-dimensional rectangle zone, has made full use of whole visible space.SmartMoney is applied to the tree graph visualization technique in the middle of the stock certificate data, by regional classification level, the rectangular area size expression market value of stock, the ups and downs situation of color showing stock on the same day.This system is the ripe application of level method for visualizing; There is a problem also; Analyze as this data that sequential property is had relatively high expectations of stock exactly; Though the level visualization technique can be good at the representational level structure, can't show the variation tendency of data of development in time.Though the level visualization technique can find out that from figure the user can't obtain the concrete numerical value of a certain sub-piece intuitively, more can't obtain its ratio in integral body to the comparison of size between each sub-block well in addition.
Therefore there is a general problem in existing time series visual analysis method, is exactly relatively poor in the hierarchical structure performance of data, and same level method for visualizing is for also having big problem in the performances such as the quantification of data, development trend.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for visualizing of complex data; The complex data that will have time attribute and hierarchical relationship; To pile up tree graph (Stacked TreeMap; STM) form is mapped to two-dimensional space, thus with the rule that changes between the data centralization data changes with time and in each time period the hierarchical structure relation and the value of each type data, clearly show.Combine relevant interaction technique again, realize to the filtration of selected data subclass with to the accurate mark of concrete data element value, with the purpose that reaches browsing data collection overall picture, probes into the relation between the data and check the data details.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of employing said method complex data is carried out visual equipment.
Before narration principle of the present invention and step, at first to treating among the present invention that visual complex data collection DS does following explanation:
DS is a complex data collection with time attribute and hierarchical relationship, comprises mass data.According to the time attribute of data, can DS be divided into n time subclass, i.e. DS={T
1, T
2..., T
j..., T
n, j=1 wherein ... N, n are the number of sampling time section, T
jBe illustrated in time period t
jData set; Each time subclass T
jAgain by a plurality of types of C
iSubclass is formed, i.e. T
j={ K
1j, K
2j..., K
Ij..., K
MjI=1 wherein ... M, m are each time subclass T
jThe number of middle classification is divided into m * n sub-set with DS by time attribute and categorical attribute, promptly like this
Each data subset K wherein
IjAll constitute by a plurality of data with hierarchical relationship, as shown in Figure 1.Can DS be expressed as one tree like this; All leaf nodes in this tree are the data element among the data set DS, and its value is the value of this data element, and non-leaf node then is each layer data subclass; Its value then is all leaf node value sums under this subclass, note subclass K
IjValue be Value (K
Ij).
In addition, rectangle described in the present invention all available by rectangle in the display plane space upper left corner coordinate (x, y), rectangle height, rectangle width; A quadruple notation like this, for example rectangle R is just with R (x, y; W h) representes, wherein x; Y representes the coordinate in rectangle upper left corner in display plane, and w representes the width of rectangle, and h representes the height of rectangle.And the generating algorithm of nested tree graph figure is called placement algorithm, is used for the location and the calculating of the rectangle of representative data.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is following:
A kind of based on the complex data method for visualizing that piles up tree graph, for complex data collection DS to be shown, free attribute of the data tape that it comprised and hierarchical relationship comprise the steps (flow process such as Fig. 9) to the visualization processing of data set DS:
A. data set DS is carried out stratification according to time attribute and hierarchical relationship that it comprised data itself and handle, make it to generate tree data structure;
B. the tree data structure that generates is mapped as the tree graph that piles up on the two dimensional surface;
C. on display plane, draw and show the described tree graph that piles up.
Described complex data method for visualizing, steps A realizes as follows:
A1. according to n sampling time section among the data set DS, data set DS is divided into n time subclass, i.e. DS={T
1, T
2..., T
j..., T
n;
A2. according to the m among the data set DS classification (for example trade classification in the kind in the agricultural product, the social employment information etc. in the residues of pesticides), with each time subclass T
jDivide m type of subclass, i.e. K
1j, K
2j..., K
Ij..., K
Mj
A3. with each subclass K
Ij, press the wherein hierarchical relationship of data (the for example hierarchical structure in area) structure subtree K
Ij
A4. be root with data set DS, T
jBe ground floor node, K
IjBe second layer joint structure tree TDS;
A5. the value of each node among the computation tree TDS, wherein the value of leaf node is the value of this data element, and the value of non-leaf node equals the value sum of its all child nodes of lower floor, and so far, data set DS has been configured to a tree data structure.
Described complex data method for visualizing, step B realizes as follows:
B1., the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system is set, and transverse axis is the time, and the longitudinal axis is the value of each classification;
B2. to each sampling time section, on time shaft, use length to represent, use one widely to be T as the w height as the line segment of w
jValue Value (T
j) rectangle R
jExpress time subclass T
j
B3. use rectangle R
jIn m sub-rectangle R
IjPresentation class subclass K
Ij, rectangle R
IjWide be w, height then is Value (K
Ij), the time attribute and the categorical attribute of so far promptly pressing data set, the form that the ground floor and the second layer node of tree piled up figure with column shows; (as shown in Figure 2)
B4. to each classification rectangle R
IjConstruct nested tree graph, so far be about to data set DS and be mapped as and pile up tree graph.
Described complex data method for visualizing is among the step B4, to each classification rectangle R
Ij, adopt based on the intermediate value of orderly principle and divide placement algorithm HalfDice, at classification rectangle R
IjThe nested tree graph of middle structure.
Described complex data method for visualizing provides selection, checks the interactive mode of details for the user on the visual circular foundation that finishes.
Described complex data method for visualizing, for the user provides the legend selection function, on behalf of the legend of grouped data, the user select through clicking; Need check the classification of details from selecting selection the classification; According to user-selected classification, reading of data repaints figure.
Described complex data method for visualizing is when the user during in a certain sub-piece, uses the label explanation to show the details explanation mouse-over.
It is a kind of based on the complex data visualization device of piling up tree graph that the present invention provides simultaneously, and technical scheme is following:
A kind of based on the complex data visualization device of piling up tree graph, this equipment is made up of display screen, data storage processing device, image processing apparatus and input equipment; Wherein,
Display screen is used for the visualization result of set of displayable data, and it can be the display of computing machine, the display screen of PDA, the display screen of mobile phone etc.;
The data storage processing device is used for the data that comprise time attribute and hierarchical relationship are stored and operational processes such as data screening, filtering classification and statistics, and said data are treated to tree data structure and store;
Image processing apparatus is used for the tree data structure that generates is mapped as the tree graph that piles up on the two dimensional surface, on display screen, draws then;
Input equipment is used to help the user to realize mutual with data set, and it can be through realizations such as external mouse, touch screen technologies.
Described complex data visualization device; For the user provides the legend selection function; The user selects through the legend of clicking the representative grouped data that shows on the display screen, need check the classification of details from selecting selection the classification, according to user-selected classification; Reading of data repaints figure.
The present invention provides a kind of application simultaneously, and above-mentioned complex data method for visualizing is applied to the analysis of residues of pesticides Data Detection.
Method of the present invention has solved in the past the time series data method for visualizing and can't show the level attribute of data; And the hierarchical data method for visualizing can't carry out visual problem to the data with time connection attribute; Thereby reach in the finite space farthest the purpose that hierarchical structure and time attribute with data show the user, make the user can obtain the information such as variation tendency that association attributes develops in time in each level to greatest extent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the tree synoptic diagram of data set of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the column corresponding with the tree of data set piled up tree graph drawing result synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a data pretreatment process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a visualized algorithm process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the nested tree graph plot step synoptic diagram based on the HalfDice placement algorithm.
Fig. 6 a uses the method for the invention the complex data with time attribute and hierarchical relationship is carried out visual example schematic.
Fig. 6 b is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 6 a.
Behind the exchange method that this use of Fig. 7 invention is provided, the synoptic diagram that is generated.
Fig. 8 shows and adopts the method for the invention complex data to be carried out an embodiment synoptic diagram of visual equipment.
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram of the method for the invention.
Embodiment
First purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method for visualizing of complex data, and embodiment is following:
Time attribute subclass T={T among the data set DS
1, T
2..., T
j..., T
n, the affiliated time is with { t
1, t
2..., t
j..., t
nRepresent.
Categorical attribute subclass C={C
1, C
2..., C
j..., C
m, represent classification { c respectively
1, c
2..., c
i..., c
mData set.
Complex data collection DS is the original visualized data collection of treating; Time attribute subclass T and categorical attribute subclass C can be selected by the user; In visualization process of the present invention; At first be the drafting that the pre-service and the column of said complex data are piled up figure,, construct every kind of classification of expression c according to user-selected attribute set T and C
iIn corresponding time period t
jData subset K
IjSet K, and the value corresponding statistics set Value (K) with each subclass, wherein,
K wherein
IjRepresentative is at sampling time section t
jMiddle classification c
iData subset, k
IjBe its corresponding statistics value.And calculated for each time period of each segment values and
and remove max
(j = 1 ... n).
Reading displayed plane information then; Calculate the position of the initial point Z of the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system of in display plane, constructing; Draw the span of value on the coordinate axis again according to above-mentioned gained
; In plane space, construct coordinate system, and calculate the mapping scale-up factor ε between two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system and the real data from initial point Z.Calculate each statistics value value p in display plane then
Ij=ε * k
Ij, obtain adding up value k
IjMapping (enum) data collection in display plane
To being used for expressing statistics value k in the display plane
IjThe rectangle of stack region, position with size and calculate, generate rectangular set
By method of the present invention each is added up value k afterwards
IjCorresponding data set K
IjAccording to the hierarchical information synthem aggregated(particle) structure in the said complex data.At first to pile up the NODE under each cylindrical region in the figure
IjBe root node, each root node according to its hierarchical information, is constructed m * n the data set with tree structure
Thereby make method for visualizing of the present invention to carry out the data among the visual data set DS, constitute a subclass K with data set DS
IjCorresponding tree structure data collection S
Ij
Complete flow chart of data processing is as shown in Figure 3.
In the S101 step, at first loading data collection DS from data storage device according to sampling time section and categorical attribute, is divided into data set K with data set DS
IjSet K.
The S102 step is to data set K
IjAdd up, draw K
IjStatistics value k
IjAnd T on a time period
jThe value sum of computational data collection
And record maximal value
I=1 wherein, 2 ..., m.
The S103 step, obtain display space information, calculate the configuration information of visualized graphs, comprise the position of initial point Z in display space of plane right-angle coordinate, the mapping scale-up factor ε between coordinate axis length and two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system and the real data.Use mapping scale-up factor ε pair set Value (K) to change, generate mapping (enum) data set P.
In the S104 step, circulating is the subclass K of data set K
IjGenerate to draw and pile up figure rectangular set R accordingly
TAnd node data NODE
Ij, and construction set K
IjHierarchical structure.Until all with data set K
IjCorresponding data processing finishes, and skips to the S108 step, and end data is handled.
Be the data processing step in the circulation at S105 to S107.
In S105 step, the origin of the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system in the display space, pair set K
IjCorresponding rectangle R
IjUpper left corner coordinate position, use set P
IjData after the internal conversion are to rectangle R
IjHeight calculate, the width of rectangle is express time section t on the abscissa axis
jThe width in interval.And generation representative set K
IjRoot node data NODE
Ij
Among the S106 each is gathered K
IjCarry out stratification according to the hierarchical relationship of data and handle, until to all data set K
IjDispose, reach the purpose that the hierarchical structure of data is clearly divided.
The root node NODE that in S107 goes on foot data that dispose and S105, generates
IjTree-like hiberarchy data collection S of common formation
Ij, each root node NODE
IjUnder child node be N
vThereby make all data form a tree structure data collection S
IjS set.
After data were disposed, next step was exactly the drafting to the visualized graphs of data.The detailed process of graphic plotting is as shown in Figure 4.
In S201, read the data of handling well by flow chart of data processing.
In the S202 step,, in display plane, draw two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system, transverse axis express time attribute t, longitudinal axis presentation class c according to configuration informations such as the position of calculating good initial point Z, coordinate axis length
iThe value of required quantification.
S203 carries out circulation and draws operation, from S
11To S
MnCarry out the generation of figure one by one, and be plotted in the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system in the display plane.Until the All Ranges end of operation, skip to S207, finish.
Among the S204, to rectangular set R
TRepresentative data collection K
IjRectangle R
IjDraw.The method that use is piled up will be gathered R
TInterior rectangle is plotted in the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system one by one.Figure is piled up in generation, and the figure that is generated is as shown in Figure 2, because the width in each cylindricality zone is identical, therefore in the stacked structure of figure, the height of figure just can be represented this value.Transverse axis express time t, the longitudinal axis represent different classification c
iIn each time period t
jInterior value k
Ij
Among the S205, read and rectangle R
IjCorresponding tree structure data collection S
IjIn data, and give the drafting that S206 carries out nested tree graph, all the data subset S in all final S set
IjAll draw and finish.
All tree structure data collection S in the final S set
IjAll draw and finish, form method for visualizing among the present invention the graphing that will the arrive target of piling up tree graph (StackedTreeMmap).Each element that uses nested rectangle representative data to concentrate in the method for the present invention, therefore the drafting to the figure of hierarchical structure comes down to a series of rectangle R
IjLocation and drafting, so, when the drafting of figure, at first to each the expression stack region root node NODE
IjRectangle R
IjPosition, promptly light, according to the numerical value set P of set Value (K) after changing, to representative set K through mapping scale-up factor ε from the former of coordinate system
IjThe coordinate in the rectangle upper left corner of each stack region (x y) calculates with size, generates rectangular set R
TTo rectangle R
IjIn the drafting of nested rectangle, promptly at the placement algorithm described in the S206 step, each the tree structure S among the pair set S
IjCall the HalfDice placement algorithm of mentioning among the present invention, this algorithm pair set S
IjTree structure in, the formed set of the child node of each node L handles as follows:
(1). for the n among the data acquisition L data l
1, l
2, l
3... L
kL
nIf finish n＜=2.
(2). when n＞2, the data value sum
among the computational data set L makes threshold values
(3). define two null set L
1, L
2Make L
2=L, order set L
1In data value sum Q
1=0;
(4). from set L
2In take out current L successively
2In first data l
j, with l
jPut into set L
1In, i is L
1In the sequence number maximal value, j is L
2Middle sequence number minimum value, and satisfy following condition:
(5). calculate L
1The value sum of middle total data
Then adding new data l
jL before
1Value do
Wherein i is for adding data l
jL afterwards
1In element number.Define any two number x
1And x
2Between be the absolute value of the difference of two numbers, i.e. d=|x apart from d
1-x
2|.Gather L after calculating the adding new data
1The value sum Q of middle data
1, with threshold values Q apart from d.Again with adding new data l
jGather L before
1Middle data value sum Q '
1With comparing of threshold values Q, make d=|Q apart from d '
1-Q|, d '=| Q '
1-Q|.If d＜d ' is then from L
1The middle new data l that takes out
jPut back to L
2In, finish.If d >=d ' then continues circulation and carried out for (4) step.
(6). when (4) step the division of data data is finished pair set L
1, L
2Carry out respectively from the work in (1) step, promptly make L=L respectively
1And L=L
2This algorithm of recursive call, each data becomes independent subset in data acquisition L.。
Nested tree graph is the process of a recursive call, and the rectangle of representing child node all is in the rectangle of expression father node, to carry out layout calculation, to tree structure S
IjIn each node all be the same placement algorithm of recursive call, until the leaf node of the bottom.And the placement algorithm of nested tree graph refers to the data with one deck are carried out corresponding rectangle location process algorithm in the perform region.The result of algorithm data output is the rectangular set R of representative with each node of one deck
S
The drafting of the nested tree graph of method for visualizing of the present invention is to adopt the HalfDice placement algorithm; The benefit of this algorithm is to guarantee under the orderly prerequisite of data, has avoided the elongated rectangular figure (elongated rectangular can cause all decline to some extent on readability and the aesthetic measure of the figure that generates) to occur.Pile up in the tree graph method for visualizing of the present invention, to piling up time period t in the figure
jInterior difference classification c
iCylindrical region R
IjAll to carry out the division of nested tree graph.The present invention adopts the HalfDice placement algorithm to be described below:
Input: the rectangle R of expression display space; Data acquisition L comprises data: l
1, l
2, l
3..., l
nOutput: a series of representative data l
1, l
2..., l
nNested rectangle: R
S1, R
S2..., R
Sn
(1). to wait to divide rectangle R be current workspace in order, if data number n＜=2 among the L are then carried out the location and the calculating of rectangle to rectangle R by the value proportion of data, finishes and return.
(2) if. n＞2, after pair set L loads, call data processing algorithm mentioned above and data set L is carried out stratification handle.From the set L of top layer, from top to bottom, the data set L that record is divided each time
SValue Value (L
S).Set L
SIts two sub-set are L
S1, L
S2, set of computations L
S1, L
S2The value sum Value (L of interior data
S1), Value (L
S2).
(3). the data set L that finishes for division
S1And L
S2, to the rectangle R of the data set of expression father level
S, choose its longest edge max (R
S.width, R
S.height), according to set L
SSubclass L
S1, L
S2The ratio of value sum is cut apart the longest edge of rectangle, promptly to expression L
S1And L
S2Rectangle R
S1And R
S2Position and calculate, make and gather L
S1, L
S2The rectangle R of perform region
S1, R
S2Area S (R
S1), S (R
S2) meet the following conditions:
(4). repeat (1) to (3) step, until dividing all positioned of formed all independent data subclass to set L.Since each time behind the EO of subset division, perform region R
SiUpper left corner coordinate (x y), is the rectangle R that represents first data in the subclass
S1Upper left corner coordinate (x
1, y
1), so when with data set L, when being divided into each data fully and being an independent subset, represent the rectangle R of each data
SiLocation and evaluation work also just accomplish.
With S
IjCorresponding rectangular area R
IjIn carry out the drafting of nested tree graph, Fig. 5 be the HalfDice placement algorithm to a class value for { 15,10,15,20,40,30, the data of 25} are carried out the process synoptic diagram of layout.
With the example that is applied as in the Detecting Pesticide data method for visualizing of the present invention is described below:
In the Detecting Pesticide data, comprise a lot of information, like detection time, affiliated area, residues of pesticides classification, various persticide residues, residues of pesticides superscale etc.The common hope of user can reach the excellent summary of judging different places of production quality of agricultural product according to the result that agricultural product detect in a plurality of sampling time sections, specify preventive measure, judge purposes such as agricultural product growing way.If use common data form, data volume is bigger and be difficult for comparing more intuitively.Come to carry out visual with method of the present invention below to such data.Suppose that the user hopes to check sometime in the section fruit in each main agricultural byproducts place of production, the Detecting Pesticide object information of vegetables.
Suppose that an existing agricultural chemicals exceeds standard and detect data set DS, the user hopes can the information among the data set DS be carried out visual, holds information accurately, so that agricultural product production status and quality are assessed.At first, suppose that the user hopes to access the relevant information that apple, pears, tealeaves and orange exceed standard at the agricultural chemicals in the first half of the year in 2011.Method of the present invention is according to user-selected kind class set C={C
1, C
2..., G
m, m=4 searches the coherent detection data that all exceed standard in Detecting Pesticide; Carry out the loading of data set DS; Inquire about according to selected time parameter T then, afterwards data are added up according to time sequencing, obtain sub-time data set T={T according to Query Result
1, T
2, T
3..., T
n, n=6.Obtain the detection data of in six months of the first half of the year in 2011, user-selected agricultural product kind being carried out.According to time attribute each kind agricultural chemicals sum that in corresponding month, exceeds standard is carried out statistic again.And statistics is formed one group of node data by time, the classification of affiliated kind.Form kind of class set C corresponding to T
jStatistic set
And with statistics k
IjForm one group of node data NODE by time, the classification of affiliated kind
Ij
Size parameter to user's display device reads afterwards, calculates the coordinate of initial point on display device that generates the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system, then according to time t
j, to the data K of each time period
IjSum calculates the statistics value sum of each row
Find out the maximal value of set again
6), according to
Calculate the information such as divide value of data segment of length, the coordinate axis of coordinate axis, and calculate mapping scale-up factor ε.Gather P after the conversion of calculated amount value set K then.Method of the present invention is again according to the agricultural chemicals of each agricultural product in each month exceed standard quantity, i.e. k
Ij, and the data of plane right-angle coordinate and set P, generate be used to draw pile up figure with value k
IjCorresponding rectangular set R
T
Next, in each time period t
jIn, to Detecting Pesticide to the data that exceed standard carry out stratification according to the hierarchical relationship in affiliated area and handle, data set K is formed the set of data set with tree structure
The hierarchical relationship of data can be divided to the zonule from big zone according to the grown place of agricultural product in detail, and for example the place of production information of apple can be carried out the level division according to Shandong-Yantai-XX production base.In the present embodiment, with the apple detection data instance of January, the place of production that detects the agricultural chemicals that exceeds standard is Beijing, Shandong, Hebei, Guangxi.If it is more concrete to detect data, the city and or the place of production of county's one-level can be arranged also under big Production Regional.So just constituted a tree-like hierarchical structure that belongs to apple Pesticides Testing in January, for remaining each time period subclass T
jIn various types of corresponding data collection K
IjAlso all handle according to this, until the S set that handled overall data is formed a tree structure data collection.Each tree structure data collection S in the S set
IjRoot node NODE
IjBe used for storing affiliated kind of data and time, NODE
IjUnder child node N
vThen store the relevant information and the data of detailed regional level structure.And the information such as pesticide variety number, pesticide name that exceed standard that each area is affiliated all deposit respective nodes data N in
vIn, be used for the each department generation that pesticide variety counts the graph data of relevant information that exceeds standard, and as user's interactive operation data.
The figure of drawing at last, at first according to before the pretreated result of data, make up the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system, X direction express time, y direction are represented the pesticide variety number that exceeds standard in each agricultural products.With representing in each month the agricultural chemicals of each agricultural product exceed standard quantity, i.e. the rectangular set R of Value (K)
TInterior rectangle R
IjBe mapped to one by one in the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system, and according to rectangle R
IjCorresponding data set K
IjAffiliated kind is carried out color assignment, belongs to the attribute data that adds same color value with a kind of data of agricultural product, reaches the purpose of using the same agricultural product kind of color showing.Use can either compare the data between the agricultural product in the same time based on the time series method for visualizing that piles up visualization technique, also can observe in time to change, and the exceed standard variation of data of the agricultural chemicals of a certain agricultural products is grasped to some extent.
According to data recorded in the nodal information, carry out the rectangular set R of stack region according to affiliated kind and time series thereof
TDrafting, then at each rectangle R
IjThe interior data set S that divides according to regional level
Ij, draw the nested tree graph of representing each area.In the visualized graphs that is generated, use rectangular area to represent the value of the pesticide variety number that exceeds standard in the testing result.And in the stacked structure of figure, the width in each cylindricality zone is identical, and therefore in the stacked structure of figure, the height of figure just can be represented this quantized value.And at rectangle R
IjDuring inner hierarchical structure is expressed, because in order to reach attractive in appearance, the readable good effect of figure, the rectangle of each child node does not have unified width or height, still uses rectangular area to represent the value of this area.So when interior zone being used nested tree graph technology express, the intermediate value based on orderly principle that is adopted is divided the HalfDice placement algorithm, according to the tree structure data S under the data
IjIn hierarchical structure order and weight thereof cut apart.
Data in the present embodiment are carried out said method draw, form the final tree derivation that piles up, the final effect that forms of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 6a, and Fig. 6 b is the partial enlarged drawing of the design sketch of present embodiment.In visual result; The user can analyze contrast to the detected agricultural chemicals quantity that exceeds standard of different times in the agricultural product of a certain kind; Can also the agricultural chemicals number that exceed standard of the agricultural product in the same place of production be compared; Draw the production status information of this area's agricultural product, thereby prediction support is provided, foundation is provided for working out measures the production of the agricultural product of this area.On the other hand, compare, the support of decision information such as buying is provided for the user through number that the agricultural product of the same race in the different places of production agricultural chemicals in is in the same period exceeded standard.
In addition, the present invention also provides certain interactive means for the user, comprises the label explanation (Tooltip) of selection (Selection) and details.In the present embodiment, the user in a certain when zone, explains that through display label the details with affiliated area offer the user with mouse-over.When the user wants to check the analysis chart of single kind agricultural product, through click corresponding legend select the kind that will check, then user requested data is carried out Screening Treatment by this method after, repaint chart.When a step was checked whole chart again on the user hopes to get back to, then the last step chart with buffer memory repainted to the user, reached to be connected contextual purpose.Thereby improving space availability ratio, on the basis that solution sequential and hierarchical information are expressed simultaneously, improving the efficient that the user obtains information needed.Fig. 7 selects to check pears and tealeaves when agricultural chemicals superscale in 2011 simultaneously for the user, by the view after mutual provided by the present invention.The user only need below legend on choose required kind of checking, the fill color of the legend that method provided by the invention then need not other users to check is changed to transparent, representes that this kind is not selected.In the present embodiment, because the user selects pears and tealeaves, so the legend of expression pears and tealeaves is selected, the legend of apple and orange is changed to sky, and in the figure that generates, only the data of pears and tealeaves is drawn.When the user wants to check total data, need all legends are chosen, then will repaint total data.When the user with mouse-over on the zone, Pekinese of representing in March, 2011; A label explanation will be provided; Be used for telling the user, belong to the maximum information such as pesticide name of occurrence, superscale of the exceed standard agricultural chemicals quantity of pears in detection of Beijing area in the of that month place of production.
Fig. 8 shows an embodiment who said complex data is carried out the equipment of visualization display according to the present invention.This equipment has a display screen, data processing equipment (not shown), image processing apparatus (not shown) and input equipment (like enter key, conventional mouse, writing pencil etc.).
As seen from the figure, the visualization of data effect is clear in display screen.The user can adjust the data that appear in the display screen through input equipment, for example comes the attribute on the opertaing device display screen through external mouse or touch screen technology, and operation such as realizes choosing.For example according to one embodiment of the present invention; Through the cursor on the operating display; Click select time and kind; Based on the data subset of choosing attribute, image processing apparatus calculates the figure coordinate that these data subsets are represented to data processing equipment in display screen, and projective rendering is in display screen with loading processing.The user can also be by input media (for example conventional mouse); Cursor on the control display screen moves, and realizes the interactive operation to figure in the display screen, for example according to one embodiment of the present invention; During with the figure of cursor hovers in coordinate system; To show its details, when clicking a certain legend, the relational graph of this legend data represented subclass will appear in the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system again.
Method and apparatus of the present invention also can be used for the visualization display of personnel's employment rate; These data comprise personnel's employment data of different time different industries; For example we the present invention capable of using shows that China was at 2007,2008,2009,2010 and 2011; In nearly 5 years, IT industry, financial circles, medical industry and building industry 4 big kind tradesman employment rates distribute in a situation in the whole nation.
Claims (10)
1. one kind based on the complex data method for visualizing that piles up tree graph, and for complex data collection DS to be shown, free attribute of the data tape that it comprised and hierarchical relationship comprise the steps: the visualization processing of data set DS
A. data set DS is carried out stratification according to time attribute and hierarchical relationship that it comprised data itself and handle, make it to generate tree data structure;
B. the tree data structure that generates is mapped as the tree graph that piles up on the two dimensional surface;
C. on display plane, draw and show the described tree graph that piles up.
2. complex data method for visualizing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that steps A realizes as follows:
A1. according to n sampling time section among the data set DS, data set DS is divided into n time subclass, i.e. DS={T
1, T
2..., T
j..., T
n;
A2. according to the m among the data set DS classification, with each time subclass T
jDivide m type of subclass, i.e. K
1j, K
2j..., K
Ij..., K
Mj
A3. with each subclass K
Ij, press the wherein hierarchical relationship structure subtree K of data
Ij
A4. be root with data set DS, T
jBe ground floor node, K
IjBe second layer joint structure tree TDS;
A5. the value of each node among the computation tree TDS, wherein the value of leaf node is the value of this data element, and the value of non-leaf node equals the value sum of its all child nodes of lower floor, and so far, data set DS has been configured to a tree data structure.
3. complex data method for visualizing as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that step B realizes as follows:
B1., the two dimensional surface rectangular coordinate system is set, and transverse axis is the time, and the longitudinal axis is the value of each classification;
B2. to each sampling time section, on time shaft, use length to represent, use one widely to be T as the w height as the line segment of w
jValue Value (T
j) rectangle R
jExpress time subclass T
j
B3. use rectangle R
jIn m sub-rectangle R
IjPresentation class subclass K
Ij, rectangle R
IjWide be w, height then is Value (K
Ij), the time attribute and the categorical attribute of so far promptly pressing data set, the form that the ground floor and the second layer node of tree piled up figure with column shows;
B4. to each classification rectangle R
IjConstruct nested tree graph, so far be about to data set DS and be mapped as and pile up tree graph.
4. complex data method for visualizing as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, among the step B4, to each classification rectangle R
Ij, adopt based on the intermediate value of orderly principle and divide placement algorithm HalfDice, at classification rectangle R
IjThe nested tree graph of middle structure.
5. complex data method for visualizing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, on the visual circular foundation that finishes, selection is provided, checks the interactive mode of details for the user.
6. complex data method for visualizing as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that for the user provides the legend selection function, on behalf of the legend of grouped data, the user select through clicking; Need check the classification of details from selecting selection the classification; According to user-selected classification, reading of data repaints figure.
7. method for visualizing as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, when the user during in a certain sub-piece, uses the label explanation to show the details explanation mouse-over.
8. one kind based on the complex data visualization device of piling up tree graph, it is characterized in that this equipment is made up of display screen, data storage processing device, image processing apparatus and input equipment; Wherein,
Display screen is used for the visualization result of set of displayable data;
The data storage processing device is used for the data that comprise time attribute and hierarchical relationship are stored and data screening, filtering classification and statistics, and said data are treated to tree data structure and store;
Image processing apparatus is used for the tree data structure that generates is mapped as the tree graph that piles up on the two dimensional surface, on display screen, draws then;
Input equipment is used to help the user to realize mutual with data set.
9. complex data visualization device as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that for the user provides the legend selection function, the user selects through the legend of clicking the representative grouped data that shows on the display screen; Need check the classification of details from selecting selection the classification; According to user-selected classification, reading of data repaints figure.
10. the described complex data method for visualizing of claim 1-8 is applied to the analysis of residues of pesticides Data Detection.
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