CN102591276A - Intelligent electric meter system for residents for intelligent smart grid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electric meter system for residents for an intelligent smart grid. According to the intelligent electric meter system for the residents for the intelligent smart grid, one intelligent electric meter is arranged in home of each resident, two control terminals are respectively arranged on each controlled electric appliance and each user switch, and each distributed power supply is provided with a distributed power supply access device; each control terminal and the distributed power supply access device are interconnected through a PLC (Programmable Logic Computer) communication network, and the intelligent electric meter and a high-class measuring system AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) carry out information interaction. The intelligent electric meter system is suitable for the residents having tiered pricing for electricity and time-sharing pricing for electricity, and aims at minimum electric charge expenditure of users, and is used for intelligently controlling the electric appliances and the distributed power supplies of the residents so as to realize peak clipping and valley filling of the electric charge, and provide power supply quality and power supply reliability.

Description

A kind of resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid

Technical field

The present invention relates to Smart Home, intelligent electric meter and intelligent grid field, relate in particular to the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid.

Background technology

In the intelligent grid epoch; ICT by the advanced person; Carry out load responding according to dispatching requirement and become possibility; Can solve clean energy resource and insert electrical network on a large scale, all of power consumer load particularly that elastic load no longer is to drop into electrical network randomly, but in a organized way, in a planned way drop into electrical network.Referring to Yin Shugang, seedling is gentle and quiet, Bai Keming (Yin Shugang; Miao Wenjing; Bai Keming). work: quasi real time electricity price strategy analysis (Discussion of quasi real-time price strategy). demand Side Management (Power DSM), 2011,13 (1): 20-23.This just requires to realize information interaction between power supply department and the resident, lets power consumer initiatively participate in electricity market and the electrical power services, realizes the peak load shifting of electric load, to improve power supply quality and power supply reliability.Because resident's One's name is legion, 40% is elastic load in the customer charge, and electricity consumption selection of time surplus is big; And along with the development of distributed power source, distributed power source will go deep into huge numbers of families; Therefore, according to existing ladder electricity price and tou power price, can make the resident at valley power consumption; Reduce the peak electricity consumption, and encourage the resident to insert distributed power generation and energy storage device participation peak load shifting.Require the resident to make the decision-making that puts into operation of optimum to household electrical appliance according to ladder electricity price and tou power price situation.If this decision-making is formulated by manual work, then need the user to drop into bigger workload, can't realize.Requirement is made the intelligent decision to household electrical appliances and distributed power source control by intelligent electric meter, and traditional intelligence ammeter to multipotency is realized the bidirectional measuring function, does not have the intelligent decision function.Therefore, design consideration ladder electricity price and tou power price realize that the intelligent electric meter that household electrical appliance is carried out Based Intelligent Control has great importance.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to charge to the household user according to ladder electricity price and tou power price in order to overcome the traditional intelligence ammeter; Can't realize Based Intelligent Control according to ladder electricity price and tou power price situation, make electricity charge expenditure minimum household electrical appliances; Can't realize Based Intelligent Control according to ladder electricity price and tou power price situation to distributed power source; Make the highest problem of its income; The present invention provides a kind of resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid, realizes the peak load shifting of electric load, improves power supply quality and power supply reliability.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid; Intelligent electric meter of installing in each household resident's household with bidirectional measuring function; All install a control terminal at every controlled household electrical appliances and subscriber switch place; All install a distributed power source access device at every distributed power source place, intelligent electric meter and control terminal and distributed power source access device are through the interconnection of PLC communication network, and intelligent electric meter also is electrically connected with controlled family; Intelligent electric meter and main website are interconnected through Ethernet, carry out information interaction with the senior measurement system AMI of main website, and control terminal and distributed power source access device are controlled the monitoring user on off state.

Said intelligent electric meter comprises main control module, data processing module, metering module, electric parameters load module, touch screen module, memory module, real-time clock module, ethernet module, PLC communication module and RS232/485 module; Main control module mainly is responsible for communication and man-machine interface; Input and output, the storage of historical data, a month electric weight of realizing touch-screen freezes, ethernet communication, PLC communication, RS232/485 communication and real-time clock input, and real-time clock module is realized the input of perpetual calendar real-time clock; Data processing module is responsible for data acquisition, digital filtering and voltage effective value, current effective value, power factor, active power and the reactive power of electric energy metrical, electricity charge calculating, electric current and voltage electric parameters and is calculated; According to ladder electricity price, tou power price, controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source situation, formulate the optimum working time section decision-making of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; Formulate protection decision-making according to current electric parameter to household electrical appliance; The result of decision is sent to main control module, realize optimum control household electrical appliance by main control module.

Said main control module adopts the MCF5272 chip, and data processing module adopts dsp chip and extensive field programmable logic array (FPLA) FPGA, and dsp chip is communicated by letter through DMA with the MCF5272 chip chamber; Aanalogvoltage and current signal are through the analog input transformer or fly the electric capacity conversion; Filtering then; Select the 1CMOS traffic pilot to select through one 8 again, the output of traffic pilot is driven by voltage follow-up amplifier, and sending at a high speed, 16 A/D converters convert digital quantity into; The output of A/D is sent into DSP with the form of serial data stream and is handled, weekly 128 points of ripple sampling.

Said control terminal adopts SOC(system on a chip) MC13213, after this terminal receives the break-make power command of controller through the PLC communication, through output driving circuit MC1413 control electromagnetic relay, controls controlled household electrical appliances break-make power supply; The state of electromagnetic relay is delivered to MC13213 after through photoisolator, realizes the break-make power supply status monitoring to controlled household electrical appliances; Digital temperature sensor DS18B20 is adopted in the temperature survey of household electrical appliances, sends into MC13213 through serial data stream and handles.

Said intelligent electric meter and ladder support electricity price, tou power price and a month electric weight freeze, and according to ladder electricity price and tou power price information and user's power information, the resident is carried out the electricity consumption electricity charge calculate.

Said intelligent electric meter obtains ladder electricity price, tou power price, household electrical appliances type, household electrical appliances working times, resident expectation value, the ambient temperature conditions to the household electrical appliances running status from main website; Calculate the electricity charge expenditure of each time period household electrical appliances operation on the same day; The time period that the time period that power taking expense expenditure is minimum is moved as household electrical appliances; Send the input order by intelligent electric meter through the control terminal of PLC communication modes, realize the minimum control of operating cost household electrical appliances to the household electrical appliances place.

Said intelligent electric meter calculates the profit and loss that distributed power source puts into operation according to the generated energy of the ladder electricity price of obtaining from main website, tou power price, the subsidy of degree electricity, distributed power source operating cost and distributed power source; If the profit and loss value is greater than 0, and the maximum that distributed power source satisfies access point allows capacity limit, then sent to the access device of corresponding distributed power source through the PLC communication modes by intelligent electric meter and drops into order, and corresponding distributed power source is put into operation; If the profit and loss value less than 0, then makes distributed power source out of service.

Said household electrical appliances are in the operation electricity charge expenditure of each time period;

Z _a＝Z _th+Z _ad (1)

$Z_{\mathrm{th}}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S1}\mathrm{P\&Delta;t},{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ {\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S1}{\mathrm{P\&Delta;t}}_{S1}+{\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S2}P(\mathrm{\&Delta;t}-{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}),{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

$Z_{\mathrm{ad}}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{t_e-t_c}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S1},t_e\&GreaterEqual;t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ \frac{t_e-t_c}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S2},t_e\&GreaterEqual;t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ \frac{24+(t_e-t_c)}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S1},t_e<t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ \frac{24+(t_e-t_c)}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S2},t_e<t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\end{array}\right.---\left(\text{3}\right)$

Wherein, $C_{\mathrm{Si}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_V,& t_r\&Subset;t_V\\ C_F,& t_r\&Subset;t_F\\ C_P,& t_r\&Subset;t_P\end{array}\right.;$ $\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_I/C_{\mathrm{II}},& W\&Element;W_I\\ 1,& W\&Element;W_{\mathrm{II}}\\ C_{\mathrm{III}}/C_{\mathrm{II}},& W\&Element;W_{\mathrm{III}}\end{array}\right.$

Z _aActual electricity charge expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _ThTheoretical electricity charge expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _AdAccomplish the needed extra electricity charge expenditure of energy loss of generation owing to operation in advance for household electrical appliances; α is a ladder electricity price coefficient; C _S1Finish the tou power price of time period of living in heat time heating time for electric heater; C _S2Finish the tou power price of previous time period heat time heating time for electric heater; P is the power of household electrical appliances; Δ t is a household electrical appliances operation duration; At _S1For electric heater finishes the time period of living in heat time heating time; t _eBe the moment of household electrical appliances expectation operation completion; t _cBe the moment of tame electric theory operation completion; t _iFor tame electro-temperature reduces or raises 1 ℃ of needed time; W _tFor the every rising of these household electrical appliances or reduce by 1 ℃ of electric energy that is consumed; C _SiIt is the tou power price of i time period; C _V, C _F, and C _PBe respectively paddy on the same day, gentle peak electricity price; t _rBe household electrical appliances interval working time; t _V, t _FAnd t _PBe respectively paddy, the gentle peak electricity price time period on the same day; C _I, C _II, and C _IIIBe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electricity price; W is the electric energy of earlier this month to current actual consumption; W _I, W _II, and W _IIIBe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; For the household electrical appliances relevant with working time and environment temperature, electricity charge expenditure by formula (1) is calculated; For temperature independent household electrical appliances, electricity charge expenditure by formula (2) is calculated; Get the final control time that the household electrical appliances operations electricity charge minimum time period of expenditure puts into operation as these household electrical appliances; Control mode adopts power carrier PLC mode, realizes the input of household electrical appliances or withdraws from operation through the control terminal of control household electrical appliances; Control to charging electric vehicle; According to ladder electricity price, tou power price, batteries of electric automobile state and user expectation value to the rechargeable battery charged state; Confirm the time period of final charging, realize the input of electric automobile or withdraw from control through control distributed power source access device.

The profit and loss that distributed power source puts into operation:

Y＝W _DG(αC _S+S-R) (4)

Wherein, W _DGThe generated energy of expression distributed power source is transferred to intelligent electric meter by the distributed power source access device through the PLC mode; α is a ladder electricity price coefficient; C _SBe tou power price; S representes the degree electricity subsidy of every degree electricity, and these three parameters are that the AMI by main website is transferred to resident's intelligent electric meter through Ethernet; R is the operating cost of every kilowatt-hour of distributed power source, comprises the depreciation cost and the maintenance expense of equipment; When the operation profit and loss value Y that calculates greater than 0 the time, it is profitable that expression drops into distributed power source operation back, can drop into distributed power source, otherwise, the excision distributed power source;

The access capacity of distributed power source can not surpass the maximum of access point and allow capacity, and promptly the input capacity of distributed power source is retrained by following formula

P _DG≤P _max (5)

Wherein, P _DGGeneral power for all distributed power sources of inserting; P _MaxBe the maximum access capacity that the distributed power source access point is allowed, this parameter is obtained from main website through Ethernet.

Resident's intelligent electric meter calculates the operation profit and loss of formula (4) in real time, if profit and loss value Y is greater than 0, and satisfies formula (5), and then the input capacity is P _DGDistributed power source operation, if do not satisfy formula (5), then the input capacity is P _MaxDistributed power source operation; Dropping into the distributed power source operation is to adopt the PLC mode to send the order that puts into operation to the access device of corresponding distributed power source by resident's intelligent electric meter, makes putting into operation of distributed power source.

For ladder electricity price and tou power price, adopt following formula to carry out the electricity charge and calculate:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{Z}_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}},W_M\&le;W_I\\ Z_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})+(\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_1+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1+1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}),W_I<W_M\&le;W_{\mathrm{II}}\\ Z_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})+(\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_1+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1+1}{\overset{U_2-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})\\ +\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_2+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2+1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}),W>W_{\mathrm{II}}\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, Z _MBe actual electricity charge expenditure of this month; C _I, C _II, and C _IIIBe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electricity price; C _SdgIt is the tou power price of d days g section in a month; W _DgIt is the electric energy of d days g section time loss in a month; W _MElectric weight for this month consumption; W _I, W _II, and W _IIIBe respectively this month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; D is the fate of this month; G is the hop count that tou power price was divided at a day; U ₁, V ₁, U ₂And V ₂Be the U in a month ₁It V ₁Section time and U ₂It V ₂The section time, and satisfy following formula:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{W}_1=\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}\\ W_{\mathrm{II}}=\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_2-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right).$

The present invention obtains ladder electricity price and tou power price information through Ethernet from main website; Intelligent electric meter according to electricity price information, household electrical appliances type, household electrical appliances working times, resident to conditions such as the expectation value of household electrical appliances running status, environment temperatures; Calculate the electricity charge expenditure of each time period household electrical appliances operation, the time period that the time period that power taking expense expenditure is minimum is moved as household electrical appliances.In the initial moment of section working time, send the order that puts into operation through power carrier (PLC) communication mode to the control terminal of household electrical appliances, household electrical appliances are put into operation; When working time then, intelligent electric meter sends order out of service to the control terminal of household electrical appliances again, makes household electrical appliances out of service.Simultaneously, intelligent electric meter calculates the profit and loss that distributed power source puts into operation according to the degree electricity subsidy of electricity price information, every degree electricity, the operating cost of every kilowatt-hour of distributed power source and the generated energy of distributed power source.If the profit and loss value is greater than 0; And distributed power source satisfies the maximum of access point and allows capacity limit; Then send the order that puts into operation through power carrier (PLC) communication mode to the access device of corresponding distributed power source, corresponding distributed power source is put into operation by intelligent electric meter; If the profit and loss value less than 0, then makes distributed power source out of service.In addition, this intelligent electric meter can be realized a bidirectional measuring function and a month electric weight freezing function.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is applicable to the resident who carries out ladder electricity price and tou power price; Minimum with the demand charge expenditure is target; Resident's household electrical appliances and distributed power source are carried out Based Intelligent Control, realize the peak load shifting of electric load, improve power supply quality and power supply reliability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an intelligent electric meter control system structured flowchart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an intelligent electric meter functional block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the hardware structure diagram of intelligent electric meter of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the hardware structure diagram of control terminal of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the software flow pattern of intelligent electric meter controller of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment invention is further described.

The resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid that the present invention proposes is to realize that through following technical scheme its step comprises:

Be illustrated in figure 1 as intelligent electric meter control system structured flowchart of the present invention.This system is the control core with the intelligent electric meter; Intelligent electric meter carries out information interaction through the senior measurement system (AMI) of Ethernet and main website; Obtain ladder electricity price and tou power price information from AMI; And the electric energy, the electricity charge that consume to the AMI report of user, and operational factors such as voltage, electric current and power factor, confirm tou power price for AMI according to the customer charge situation.Intelligent electric meter is confirmed the optimized operation time period of controlled household electrical appliances according to ladder electricity price, tou power price and controlled household electrical appliances situation; During to initial moment corresponding time period; Intelligent electric meter is assigned the order that puts into operation through the PLC communication modes to the control terminal of the controlled household electrical appliances of control; Control terminal makes the electromagnetic relay of control household electrical appliances closed, and corresponding household electrical appliances are put into operation.Simultaneously; Intelligent electric meter is according to ladder electricity price, tou power price, distributed power source operating cost and electricity price subsidy; Calculate profit and loss value that distributed power source puts into operation greater than time period of 0; During to initial moment of corresponding time period, intelligent electric meter is assigned the distributed power source order that puts into operation through the PLC communication modes to the distributed power source access device, and corresponding distributed power source is put into operation.Intelligent electric meter calculates this month electricity charge expenditure according to the electric energy that ladder electricity price, tou power price and day part consume, and reports the AMI of main website through Ethernet, realizes remote meter-reading function.Intelligent electric meter obtains user's voltage and current state from the secondary side of voltage transformer (VT) (PT), current transformer (CT); And rated output factor; Through Ethernet these electric parameters are reported the AMI of main website,, improve power supply quality so that main website in time adjusts electric parameter.Simultaneously, intelligent electric meter is realized overvoltage, overcurrent, under-voltage and earth leakage protection according to the voltage and current that detects; If during corresponding fault; Then intelligent electric meter sends trip signal through the control terminal of PLC communication modes to the subscriber switch place, and subscriber switch is broken off, the protection household electrical appliance.Each control terminal reports intelligent electric meter with the state of each switch through PLC line communication modes, makes intelligent electric meter can keep watch on the state of each switch.

Be illustrated in figure 2 as intelligent electric meter functional block diagram of the present invention.Intelligent electric meter by: main control module, data processing module, metering module, analog quantity load module, touch screen module, memory module, clock module, ethernet module, PLC communication module and RS232/485 module etc. are formed.Main control module mainly is responsible for communication and man-machine interface; Input and output, the storage of historical data, a month electric weight of realizing touch-screen freezes, ethernet communication, PLC communication, RS232/485 communication and real-time clock input, and real-time clock module is realized the input of perpetual calendar real-time clock.Data processing module is responsible for data acquisition, digital filtering and voltage effective value, current effective value, power factor, active power and the reactive power calculating etc. of electric energy metrical, electricity charge calculating, electric current and voltage electric parameters; According to ladder electricity price, tou power price, controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source situation, formulate the optimum working time section decision-making of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; Formulate protection decision-making according to current electric parameter to household electrical appliance; The result of decision is sent to main control module, realize optimum control household electrical appliance by main control module.

Be illustrated in figure 3 as the hardware structure diagram of intelligent electric meter of the present invention.Master controller adopts the 32-bit microprocessor MCF5272CVF66 of Freescale company; Data processor adopts the high integration single-chip digital signal processor ADSP-2185 of AD company, communicates through dma mode between it and the master controller; Adopt the extensive field programmable logic array (FPLA) FPGA of a slice to realize the logic control of system; The multifunctional low power consumption computation chip MAXQ3180 that computation chip selects for use Maxim company to produce; The flash memory (FLASH RAM) of the static read/write memory (SRAM) of employing 256K byte, 16M byte SDRAM, 4M byte electric erasable, wherein, SDRAM is the work internal memory of master controller, SRAM is used to store important historical data; Flash memory is used for save set operation bootstrap routine, operating system, application program, DSP program, configuration file etc.In the analog input channel; The voltage and current signal is through the analog input transformer or fly the electric capacity conversion; Filtering then selects the 1CMOS traffic pilot to select through one 8 again, and the output of traffic pilot is driven by voltage follow-up amplifier; Send into 16 A/D converters of high speed and convert digital quantity into, the output of A/D is sent into DSP with the form of serial data stream and is handled.In order to improve sampling precision, adopt weekly 128 points of ripple sampling.A kind of spread spectrum transmitting-receiving communication chip SSC P300 that the PLC interface adopts American I ntellon company to produce based on power carrier; Real-time clock adopts the DS1302 of U.S. DALLAS company; Ethernet interface adopts the Ethernet interface modules A X11001 of Taiwan Asix company; Touch-screen adopts the touch screen controller ADS7846 of TI company.

Be illustrated in figure 4 as the hardware structure diagram of control terminal of the present invention.This control terminal adopts the SOC(system on a chip) MC13213 of Freescale company, after this terminal receives the break-make power command of controller through the PLC communication, through output driving circuit MC1413 control electromagnetic relay, controls controlled household electrical appliances break-make power supply; The state of electromagnetic relay is delivered to MCU after through photoisolator, realizes the break-make power supply status monitoring to controlled household electrical appliances; Digital temperature sensor DS18B20 is adopted in the temperature survey of household electrical appliances, sends into MC13213 through serial data stream and handles.

Be illustrated in figure 5 as the software flow pattern of intelligent electric meter controller of the present invention.Master routine is confirmed the optimized operation time period of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source according to the situation of the ladder electricity price, tou power price and controlled household electrical appliances and the distributed power source that obtain from main website.According to optimized operation time period control terminal or distributed power source access device transmission the corresponding command to corresponding household electrical appliances.Send order and adopt interrupt mode, interrupt being divided into two types, one type is the initial interruption of section working time, and another kind of is section end interrupt working time.When the corresponding time then, promptly get into corresponding interrupt service subroutine, control corresponding household electrical appliances control terminal or distributed power source access device, make corresponding household electrical appliances or distributed power source input or out of service.

In order to specifically describe the technology implementation scheme of resident's intelligent electric meter, be example with the domestic, electric water heater below, be described in detail.The power of supposing electric heater is 2000W, and capacity is 60L, and the initial temperature of the water of electric heater is 20 ℃, and the finishing temperature after the electric heater heating is 45 ℃.The energy that then heating completion needs is:

Q＝cmΔT＝4.2×10 ³×60×(45-20)＝6.3×10 ⁶J＝1.75kWh (8)

The time that heating needs is:

$t=\frac{W}{P}=\frac{Q}{P}=\frac{1.75}{2}=0.875h=52.5\min ---\left(9\right)$

Suppose that the user expectation electric heater heating deadline is 21:45, after heating was accomplished, per 4 hours, the water temperature of electric heater reduced by 1 ℃, and the energy of corresponding loss is:

ΔQ＝cmΔT＝4.2×10 ³×60×1＝2.52×10 ⁵J＝0.07kWh (10)

If of that month ladder electricity price is as shown in table 1, the tou power price on the same day is as shown in table 2.If α=1 is as shown in table 2 in the theoretical electricity charge expenditure of each time period operation according to the electric heater that formula (2) calculates.Because if electric heater is accomplished heating every period tou power price concluding time; The energy of additive decrementation is minimum; Be set at the concluding time at corresponding tou power price so electric heater is heated the deadline, the heating zero-time of electric heater subtracts the heat time heating time of electric heater for the tou power price concluding time.If electric heater is fulfiled heating ahead of schedule, there is energy loss, need extra electricity charge expenditure, as shown in table 2 according to the electric heater that formula (3) calculates in the extra electricity charge expenditure of each time period operation.The actual electricity charge expenditure of the electric heater that calculates according to formula (1) when each operation as shown in table 2 time period.Can know that by table 2 it is minimum that electric heater is accomplished the actual expenditure of heating at 7:00, so be the initial time of running of electric heater: 7-0.875=6.125, promptly when 6:07:30, electric heater is put into operation, the actual expenditure of the electricity charge is 0.8434.There is energy loss owing to accomplishing during user 21:45 service time, need the temperature of water be heated to above 45 ℃, 45 ℃ of water temperature requirements when using to satisfy the user from the 7:00 heating.Therefore, need to heat electric heater in advance, be pre-set time:

$t^{\text{'}}=\frac{\frac{t_e-t_c}{t_i}\&times;W_t}{P}\&times;60=\frac{\frac{21.75-7}{4}\&times;0.07}{2}\&times;60=7.74375\min ---\left(11\right)$

Therefore, the actual motion of electric heater is constantly: during 6:07:30-0:07:45=5:59:45, heating is the finish time: 7:00.

Table 1 ladder electricity price

The electric weight rank	Electric weight W (kWh)	Electricity price C (unit)
			The I level	0-140	0.36
The II level	140-270	0.6
			The III level	＞270	0.9

The electricity charge expenditure of table 2 tou power price and electric heater

Time	0:00-7:00	7:00-10:00	10:00-15:00	15:00-18:00	18:00-21:00	21:00-23:00	23:00-24:00
								Tou power price (unit)	0.42	0.6	0.75	0.6	0.75	0.6	0.42
Theoretical expenditure (unit)	0.735	1.05	1.3125	1.05	1.3125	1.0875	0.735
								Extraneous expense (unit)	0.1084	0.1234	0.0886	0.0394	0.0098	0	0.1599
Actual expenditure (unit)	0.8434	1.1734	1.4011	1.0894	1.3223	1.0875	0.8949

Claims (10)

1. resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid; It is characterized in that; Intelligent electric meter with bidirectional measuring function of installing is all installed a control terminal at every controlled household electrical appliances and subscriber switch place in each household resident's household, all installs a distributed power source access device at every distributed power source place; Intelligent electric meter and control terminal and distributed power source access device are through the interconnection of PLC communication network, and intelligent electric meter also is electrically connected with controlled family; Intelligent electric meter and main website are interconnected through Ethernet, carry out information interaction with the senior measurement system AMI of main website, and control terminal and distributed power source access device are controlled the monitoring user on off state.

2. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said intelligent electric meter comprises main control module, data processing module, metering module, electric parameters load module, touch screen module, memory module, real-time clock module, ethernet module, PLC communication module and RS232/485 module; Main control module mainly is responsible for communication and man-machine interface; Input and output, the storage of historical data, a month electric weight of realizing touch-screen freezes, ethernet communication, PLC communication, RS232/485 communication and real-time clock input, and real-time clock module is realized the input of perpetual calendar real-time clock; Data processing module is responsible for data acquisition, digital filtering and voltage effective value, current effective value, power factor, active power and the reactive power of electric energy metrical, electricity charge calculating, electric current and voltage electric parameters and is calculated; According to ladder electricity price, tou power price, controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source situation, formulate the optimum working time section decision-making of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; Formulate protection decision-making according to current electric parameter to household electrical appliance; The result of decision is sent to main control module, realize optimum control household electrical appliance by main control module.

3. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said main control module adopts the MCF5272 chip; Data processing module adopts dsp chip and extensive field programmable logic array (FPLA) FPGA, and dsp chip is communicated by letter through DMA with the MCF5272 chip chamber; Aanalogvoltage and current signal are through the analog input transformer or fly the electric capacity conversion; Filtering then; Select the 1CMOS traffic pilot to select through one 8 again, the output of traffic pilot is driven by voltage follow-up amplifier, and sending at a high speed, 16 A/D converters convert digital quantity into; The output of A/D is sent into DSP with the form of serial data stream and is handled, weekly 128 points of ripple sampling.

4. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said control terminal adopts SOC(system on a chip) MC13213; After this terminal receives the break-make power command of controller through the PLC communication,, control controlled household electrical appliances break-make power supply through output driving circuit MC1413 control electromagnetic relay; The state of electromagnetic relay is delivered to MC13213 after through photoisolator, realizes the break-make power supply status monitoring to controlled household electrical appliances; Digital temperature sensor DS18B20 is adopted in the temperature survey of household electrical appliances, sends into MC13213 through serial data stream and handles.

5. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said intelligent electric meter and ladder support electricity price, tou power price and a month electric weight freeze; According to ladder electricity price and tou power price information and user's power information, the resident is carried out the electricity consumption electricity charge calculate.

6. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said intelligent electric meter obtains ladder electricity price, tou power price, household electrical appliances type, household electrical appliances working times, resident expectation value, the ambient temperature conditions to the household electrical appliances running status from main website; Calculate the electricity charge expenditure of each time period household electrical appliances operation on the same day; The time period that the time period that power taking expense expenditure is minimum is moved as household electrical appliances, send the input order by intelligent electric meter through the control terminal of PLC communication modes to the household electrical appliances place, realization is to the minimum control of operating cost of household electrical appliances.

7. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said intelligent electric meter calculates the profit and loss that distributed power source puts into operation according to the generated energy of the ladder electricity price of obtaining from main website, tou power price, the subsidy of degree electricity, distributed power source operating cost and distributed power source; If the profit and loss value is greater than 0, and the maximum that distributed power source satisfies access point allows capacity limit, then sent to the access device of corresponding distributed power source through the PLC communication modes by intelligent electric meter and drops into order, and corresponding distributed power source is put into operation; If the profit and loss value less than 0, then makes distributed power source out of service.

8. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, said household electrical appliances are in the operation electricity charge expenditure of each time period;

Z _a＝Z _th+Z _ad (1)

$Z_{\mathrm{th}}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S1}\mathrm{P\&Delta;t},{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ {\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S1}{\mathrm{P\&Delta;t}}_{S1}+{\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S2}P(\mathrm{\&Delta;t}-{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}),{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

Wherein, $C_{\mathrm{Si}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_V,& t_r\&Subset;t_V\\ C_F,& t_r\&Subset;t_F\\ C_P,& t_r\&Subset;t_P\end{array}\right.;$ $\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_I/C_{\mathrm{II}},& W\&Element;W_I\\ 1,& W\&Element;W_{\mathrm{II}}\\ C_{\mathrm{III}}/C_{\mathrm{II}},& W\&Element;W_{\mathrm{III}}\end{array}\right.$

Z _aActual electricity charge expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _ThTheoretical electricity charge expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _AdAccomplish the needed extra electricity charge expenditure of energy loss of generation owing to operation in advance for household electrical appliances; α is a ladder electricity price coefficient; C _S1Finish the tou power price of time period of living in heat time heating time for electric heater; C _S2Finish the tou power price of previous time period heat time heating time for electric heater; P is the power of household electrical appliances; Δ t is a household electrical appliances operation duration; Δ t _S1For electric heater finishes the time period of living in heat time heating time; t _eBe the moment of household electrical appliances expectation operation completion; t _cBe the moment of tame electric theory operation completion; t _iFor tame electro-temperature reduces or raises 1 ℃ of needed time; W _tFor the every rising of these household electrical appliances or reduce by 1 ℃ of electric energy that is consumed; C _SiIt is the tou power price of i time period; C _V, C _F, and C _PBe respectively paddy on the same day, gentle peak electricity price; t _rBe household electrical appliances interval working time; t _V, t _FAnd t _PBe respectively paddy, the gentle peak electricity price time period on the same day; C _I, C _II, and C _IIIBe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electricity price; W is the electric energy of earlier this month to current actual consumption; W _I, W _II, and W _IIIBe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; For the household electrical appliances relevant with working time and environment temperature, electricity charge expenditure by formula (1) is calculated; For temperature independent household electrical appliances, electricity charge expenditure by formula (2) is calculated; Get the final control time that the household electrical appliances operations electricity charge minimum time period of expenditure puts into operation as these household electrical appliances; Control mode adopts power carrier PLC mode, realizes the input of household electrical appliances or withdraws from operation through the control terminal of control household electrical appliances; Control to charging electric vehicle; According to ladder electricity price, tou power price, batteries of electric automobile state and user expectation value to the rechargeable battery charged state; Confirm the time period of final charging, realize the input of electric automobile or withdraw from control through control distributed power source access device.

9. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the profit and loss that distributed power source puts into operation:

Y＝W _DG(αC _S+S-R) (4)

Wherein, W _DGThe generated energy of expression distributed power source is transferred to intelligent electric meter by the distributed power source access device through the PLC mode; α is a ladder electricity price coefficient; C _SBe tou power price; S representes the degree electricity subsidy of every degree electricity, and these three parameters are that the AMI by main website is transferred to resident's intelligent electric meter through Ethernet; R is the operating cost of every kilowatt-hour of distributed power source, comprises the depreciation cost and the maintenance expense of equipment; When the operation profit and loss value Y that calculates greater than 0 the time, it is profitable that expression drops into distributed power source operation back, can drop into distributed power source, otherwise, the excision distributed power source;

The access capacity of distributed power source can not surpass the maximum of access point and allow capacity, and promptly the input capacity of distributed power source is retrained by following formula

P _DG≤P _max (5)

Wherein, P _DGGeneral power for all distributed power sources of inserting; P _MaxBe the maximum access capacity that the distributed power source access point is allowed, this parameter is obtained from main website through Ethernet.

Resident's intelligent electric meter calculates the operation profit and loss of formula (4) in real time, if profit and loss value Y is greater than 0, and satisfies formula (5), and then the input capacity is P _DGDistributed power source operation, if do not satisfy formula (5), then the input capacity is P _MaxDistributed power source operation; Dropping into the distributed power source operation is to adopt the PLC mode to send the order that puts into operation to the access device of corresponding distributed power source by resident's intelligent electric meter, makes putting into operation of distributed power source.

10. like claim 6 or the 7 described resident's intelligent electric meter systems that are applicable to intelligent grid, it is characterized in that,, adopt following formula to carry out the electricity charge and calculate for ladder electricity price and tou power price

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{Z}_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}},W_M\&le;W_I\\ Z_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})+(\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_1+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1+1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}),W_I<W_M\&le;W_{\mathrm{II}}\\ Z_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})+(\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g_{}=V_1+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1+1}{\overset{U_2-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})\\ +\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_2+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2+1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}),W>W_{\mathrm{II}}\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, Z _MBe actual electricity charge expenditure of this month; C _I, C _II, and C _IIIBe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electricity price; C _SdgIt is the tou power price of d days g section in a month; W _DgIt is the electric energy of d days g section time loss in a month; W _MElectric weight for this month consumption; W _I, W _II, and W _IIIBe respectively this month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; D is the fate of this month; G is the hop count that tou power price was divided at a day; U ₁, V ₁, U ₂And V ₂Be the U in a month ₁It V ₁Section time and U ₂It V ₂The section time, and satisfy following formula:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{W}_I=\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}\\ W_{\mathrm{II}}=\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_2-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_{\mathrm{dg}}\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right).$

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