CN102575151A - Method for the assisted recovery of hydrocarbons in fractured reservoirs - Google Patents

Method for the assisted recovery of hydrocarbons in fractured reservoirs Download PDF

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CN102575151A
CN102575151A CN2010800477190A CN201080047719A CN102575151A CN 102575151 A CN102575151 A CN 102575151A CN 2010800477190 A CN2010800477190 A CN 2010800477190A CN 201080047719 A CN201080047719 A CN 201080047719A CN 102575151 A CN102575151 A CN 102575151A
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M·沙贝尔
M·莫尔万
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Rhodia Operations SAS
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recovering oil from a fractured reservoir having an oil-wettable matrix and comprising at least one injection well and one production well, both of which are in communication with the fractures and the matrix, wherein the method comprises the following steps in the following order: a) during a first stage, the injection, by an injection well, of a solution of viscosity-enhancing surfactants, capable of penetrating into the array of fractures, having limited interaction with the matrix, and creating a plug in situ so as to substantially and selectively reduce the perviousness of the fractures and to promote the passage of the solution of step b) into the matrix; b) during a second stage, the injection, by an injection well, of a solution of surfactants, capable of interacting with the matrix in order to make same preferably water-wettable and to extract the oil therefrom, said solution preferably flowing through the matrix; and after a latency period of at least 24 hours, c) during a third stage, the injection, by an injection well, of an aqueous solution with a view to increasing the surface tension, impregnating the matrix and, after the plug formed in step a) is dissolved by said oil, driving the oil toward the production well.

Description

Be used for the auxiliary method that reclaims the hydrocarbon of fracture-type reservoir
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of auxiliary method that reclaims the hydrocarbon of fracture-type reservoir that is used for.
Background technology
Producing crude oil or the oil condition from the stratum, having the multiple method that OOIP (OOIP) extracts that is used to optimize.
In case well is drilled to, the first level method of crude production comprises that " production " well through oil is moved to lower pressure from RKB or layer of sand reclaims crude oil.Therefore said primary productoin is the inexpensive method of extracting.Usually only reclaim the 10-15% of OOIP.Yet along with oil is pumped out, it is difficult more that the pressure of reservoir reduces and extraction becomes.
When subsurface pressure is not enough to make remaining oil to be shifted, use secondary working method.Modal technology (water filling) is used and is injected well, and it forces the actuating fluid of being made up of a large amount of water under pressure, to get into the zone of containing oil.Process from said zone migration to one or more recovery wells, its part oil that runs into of the water extraction of injection.When arriving the surface, the moisture of oil and said injection leaves.The feasible OOIP that possibly reclaim extra 10-30% of water filling.
When water filling reaches the point that this mode of production no longer produces a profit, should make decision: change the oil field, or adopt another exploitation form.Can use water wherein to comprise the auxiliary recovery technology of utilizing water filling of tensio-active agent and/or polymkeric substance then.Using these polymkeric substance is in order to increase the viscosity of actuating fluid, and therefore improves the cleaning of oil through actuating fluid.For example, the known viscosity that increases water through tackifier such as high-molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide.These polymkeric substance (can disperse and/or be dissolvable in water in the water) can clean the stratum more in heterogeneity when reducing the viscous fingering appearance.
Zwitterionics, particularly trimethyl-glycine because its in can reaching the salt solution of 80 ℃ or higher temperature stability and can be used as tackifier.The term zwitter-ion has been described has the permanent positive charge that do not rely on the pH value and at the tensio-active agent that is higher than the negative charge under the certain pH value.
In another kind of mode, with rock or sand in the oil that comprises when contacting, said tensio-active agent has reduced water/oily IT, thereby makes and possibly be entrained with the oil of trap in reservoir pore space shrinks.
Yet many hydrocarbon reservoirs are uneven on geology, and show diversified porosity and rate of permeation.For usually being natural with to be rich in fissured carbonate reservoir particularly like this.These fracture-type reservoirs comprise two kinds of independent compositions: crack and the matrix of being made up of the rock that contains oil.If network of fracture allows fluid easily to shift from reservoir, it only represents the sub-fraction of reservoir total pore space.Matrix with low permeability comprises most reservoir pore space and therefore comprises most oil.Above-mentioned be applied to these reservoir water intrusions technology (" water filling ") and cause rapidly excessively increasing producing WIH/oil ratio rate.After the oil that will be arranged in the slit was carried secretly out, water continued preferential through the displacement of slit network, and can not carry the oil in the matrix therefrom secretly.This owing to matrix be preferably the most usually can glossy wet (as common under the situation of carbonate reservoir) the fact.Therefore water can not spontaneous dipping matrix with the displacement trap therein oil and produce the slit, fall too low and can not force this dipping generation at the injection well that is communicated with slit and matrix and the pressure between the recovery well.
Be used to increase the currently known methods that water penetrates into matrix and comprise that the aqueous solution that injects specific surfactant is used for the favourable condition of water-wet with generation.In order to utilize the advantage of this method, recommend to carry out the fluidic circulation and inject, at patent US 4,842,065, US 5,014,783 and US 5,247, the term described in 993 " conversion of a circulation wettability " method of describing down.Its principle is at first to inject the surfactant soln of the wettability that can change matrix, before injecting water, observes latent period then.Through repeating these steps by this way, the part oil in the matrix is replaced.Yet water/oil ratio is still inadequate, and these process needs in extremely rapid succession repeat to inject tensio-active agent and water.
Therefore, need improve these methods to reach more favourable oil/water ratio.
The invention summary
The present invention relates to be used for especially to obtain the more favourable oil of recovery well/water than and improve chemical treatment and make up with extraction oily in fissured and the oily wettable reservoir matrix.
The present invention in fact relate to be used to comprise at least one that be communicated with crack and matrix phase inject a well and a recovery well, its matrix is the petroleum recovery method of the wettable fracture-type reservoir of oil, may further comprise the steps in order:
A) in the very first time, through inject well inject can penetrate into network of fracture, slightly interact with matrix, original position produces embolism to reduce the rate of permeation in slit significantly and optionally and to help flowing into from the solution of step b) the multiviscosisty surfactant soln of matrix;
B) in second time, through inject well inject can be with the matrix phase mutual effect so that its preferably become water wettable and from the surfactant soln of stripping oil wherein, said solution preferred streams is crossed said matrix and after at least 24 hours latent period,
C), inject aqueous solution to increase surface tension, dipping matrix, stripping oil and after the embolism that step a) forms is dissolved by said oil, oil to be entrained to recovery well through the injection well in the 3rd time.
The injection of step a) is preferably carried out under the extra fissured injection pressure of reservoir not causing.
Second step b) and third step c) between latent period (it is at least 24 hours) preferably less than 6 months; Even more preferably 3 months; And most preferably 1 month; This time make step b) surfactant soln can with matrix become water wettable and from wherein extracting the oil of maximum, and therefore make oil can begin the embolism that dissolving step forms in a).
The embolism that forms in the said step a) is the unusual form of heavy-gravity liquid or gel, makes that therefore it can be significantly and optionally reduce fissured rate of permeation, and the solution that helps step b) flows in the matrix.
This process that is to say step a), b) and enforcement c), can repeatedly repeat to be drained like required ground until said well.
Said multiviscosisty surfactant soln preferably includes at least a zwitterionics that meets following formula (1):
Figure BPA00001545688600031
Formula (1)
Wherein:
A -Represent COO -Carboxylate group or SO3 -Sulfonate group,
R 1Represent straight or branched, have an appointment 16-30, the hydrophobic part of alkyl, alkoxyl group, alkyl amino alkyl and the alkyl amido alkyl of preferred 18-28 carbon atom saturated or preferred undersaturated containing.
R 2And R 3Representative has a 1-30 carbon atom independently, preferred 1-20 carbon atom, more preferably 1-10 carbon atom, and even the more preferably aliphatic chain of 1-6 carbon atom, wherein, said aliphatic group can be for straight or branched, saturated or undersaturated, preferably R 2And R 3Group be methyl and methylol, ethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl, propyl group and 3-hydroxypropyl and
R 4Be alkylidene group, randomly replace by hydroxyl with 1-4 carbon atom.
The specific examples of zwitter-ion multiviscosisty tensio-active agent comprises following structure:
In the formula (1), R 1Can be the alkyl amido propyl group, R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Be methylene radical, and A is carboxylate group, thereby this structure can meet formula (2):
Figure BPA00001545688600041
Formula (2)
Wherein:
R 1Be in formula (2), to be formula: R 5CONHCH 2CH 2CH 2The alkyl amido propyl group, and
Radicals R 5-C=O is C 12-C 24Alkyloyl.This C 12-C 24Alkyloyl is selected from lauroyl, myristoyl (myristoyl), palmitoyl (spermaceti acyl group), octadecylene acyl group (oleoyl), stearoyl (stearyl-) and docosene acyl group (mustard acyl group) group especially.
According to another modification, in formula (1), R 1Be the alkyl amido propyl group, and radicals R 5-C=O is the C that is selected from lauroyl, myristoyl (myristoyl), palmitoyl (spermaceti acyl group), octadecylene acyl group (oleoyl), stearoyl (stearyl-) and docosene acyl group (mustard acyl group) group especially 12-C 24Alkyloyl.
R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Be randomly hydroxylated propylidene, and A is sulfonate group, thereby they can for example meet formula (3):
Figure BPA00001545688600042
Formula (3)
Wherein, the R in the formula (1) 2And R 3Represent methylidene in formula (3), the R in the formula (1) 4Representation hydroxy propylidene in formula (3), and the A in the formula (1) represents sulfonate group in formula (3).
According to another modification, in formula (1), R 1Be the C that is preferably selected from dodecyl (lauryl), tetradecyl (myristyl), hexadecyl (hexadecyl), octadecylene base (oil base), octadecyl (stearyl) and docosene base (erucyl) group 12-C 24Alkyl,
R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Be methylene radical, and A is carboxylate group, thereby the multiviscosisty tensio-active agent can meet formula (4):
Figure BPA00001545688600051
Formula (4)
According to another modification, in formula (1), R 1Be the C that is preferably selected from dodecyl (lauryl), tetradecyl (myristyl), hexadecyl (hexadecyl), octadecylene base (oil base), octadecyl (stearyl) and docosene base (erucyl) group 12-C 24Alkyl, R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Represent randomly hydroxylated propylidene, and A is sulfonate group, thereby the multiviscosisty tensio-active agent can for example meet formula (5):
Formula (5)
Wherein, the R in the formula (1) 2And R 3Represent methylidene in formula (5), the R in the formula (1) 4Representation hydroxy propylidene in formula (5), and the A in the formula (1) represents sulfonate group in formula (5).
The instance that is used for the recommendation tables surface-active agent of embodiment of the present invention is more specifically described at patent US 7461694 and US6831108.
Select the multiviscosisty surfactant concentrations with preferably with 10s -1Velocity slope have equal at least 5 times and more preferably at least 10 times to the viscosity of the water that under reservoir temperature, injects.These conditions that cause the multiviscosisty tensio-active agent preferentially to be invaded in the network of fracture finally make it possibly force wetting agent to penetrate in the matrix, and therefore more effectively change the wettability of this matrix.Second advantage of the present invention caused by the following fact: interact with tackifier when the oil that is produced by matrix in the step b) process is proceeding in the step b) process in latter stage, and the latter's viscosity reduces so that oil flows through network of fracture and extracts at recovery well when step c) begins.
Can be with the matrix phase mutual effect so that the wetting any tensio-active agent of its preferential used water can be used for the step b) of the inventive method, as long as it satisfies the standard of the wettability that changes matrix.Wetting agent is interpreted as that the contact angle of the injection water that in the presence of oil, makes it possible to respect to do not have additive reduces any tensio-active agent of the contact angle of the aqueous solution on the rock surface of said well.Said wetting agent is preferably selected from negatively charged ion, nonionic or amphoterics.The nonionogenic tenside that can mention as limiting examples is the alkyl aryl polyether polyvalent alcohol, like ethoxylated alkylphenol, ethoxylation or ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohol, glyceryl ester, alkanolamide, ethoxylation or glycidoxy aliphatic amide, ethoxylation or ethoxylated/propoxylated triphenyl vinyl phenol, ethoxylated mercaptans, EO-PO segmented copolymer.The limiting examples of negatively charged ion wetting agent can be mentioned alkyl ether phosphate, AS, alkylaryl sulphonate, alkyl and/or alkyl oxide and/or alkylaryl ether-ether vitriol.The limiting examples of amphoterics can be mentioned tetrahydroglyoxaline and alkyl polyamine verivate.
The aqueous solution of step c) can be optional fresh water or the seawater that adds the inorganic salt that ion such as sulfate radical, calcium, sodium and carbanion are provided.
Be based on one of advantage of method of the present invention: 3 steps of all cycle of treatment can be implemented from identical injection well, perhaps also can implement from different injection wells.Especially, it is contemplated that at an identical injection well and inject multiviscosisty treatment agent and wetting agent in order, realize the removing of water then at another adjacent injection well.
Description of drawings
Following examples are explained the present invention and are not limited its scope.With reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is presented at the volume that flows through the solution of porous medium microscopic model under 30 millibars the constant pressure in time,
Fig. 2 shows the porous medium microscopic model with double porosity rate, and the hole 1 that wherein only has high porosity is invaded by surfactant soln, wherein a part 2 be exaggerated about 7 times and
Fig. 3 shows the porous medium microscopic model with double porosity rate; Wherein a part 3 is exaggerated about 7 times; The hole 1 that wherein has high porosity is filled by the optional wetting solution of multiviscosisty tensio-active agent in advance, and the hole 4 of low porosity is filled by the optional wetting solution of tensio-active agent.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Embodiment: the porous medium that has high permeability through multiviscosisty tensio-active agent embolism
In having the conventional porous medium microscopic model of 10 darcy rate of permeation (pore volume 10 μ L), the constant pressure with 30 millibars under the room temperature is injected synthetic sea water (9.75g/l Na +, 1.41g/l Mg 2+, 20.31g/l Cl -, 0.42g/l K +, 0.44g/l Ca 2+) in erucylamidopropyl alkali solution of beet-viscosity 100s of 3000ppm -1Following 20mPa.s.
Weighing mobile liquor capacity in time.In microscopic model the circulation half hour after (for example approximately injecting the pore volume of solution), flux becomes almost nil.The erucylamidopropyl trimethyl-glycine has the embolism effect in having the porous medium of remarkable rate of permeation (50 microns of characteristic sizes).Average shear rate is about 100s among this embodiment -1
Fig. 1 of accompanying drawing is presented under 30 millibars the constant pressure mobile liquor capacity in time.
Embodiment 2: the optional wetting transfer of tensio-active agent from the slit to the porous medium
Use has the porous medium microscopic model of double-hole distribution of sizes (being respectively 4 darcies-matrix and 100 darcies-slit).Said microscopic model uses oil (dodecyl) to fill at first.The slit comprises 20% of microscopic model porosity, and medium comprises remaining 80%.
In first injection way, tensio-active agent (dodecylbenzene-sulphonate) is with about 10 -6Capillary number directly inject medium with double porosity rate.As shown in Figure 2, in 1 hour time, only slit (passage 1 with high permeability) invaded, for example the recovery of oil of 20%OOIP.
In second injection way, with about 10 -5Capillary number Ca inject the 3000ppm erucylamidopropyl alkali solution of beet (forming and viscosity such as embodiment 1) of synthetic sea water.Only (20% OOIP) invaded in the slit.In second time, with 10 -6Capillary number Ca inject surfactant soln (dodecylbenzene-sulphonate).Can see that in Fig. 3 current tensio-active agent is invaded crack 1 and matrix (passage 4 of low permeability).The amount of the extra oil that reclaims is estimated about 40% OOIP.
This shows that the method for using us helps tensio-active agent and is penetrated into the glossy wet matrix from the slit.
Fig. 2 of accompanying drawing shows the photo of the microscopic model with double porosity rate.With Ca=10 -6Behind the for list surface-active agent, only (20% OOIP) invaded in slit 1.Fig. 3 of accompanying drawing shows the photo of the microscopic model with double porosity rate: when slit 1 usefulness multiviscosisty tensio-active agent is filled in advance, with Ca=10 -6The round-robin tensio-active agent infiltrates through the matrix (extra 40% OOIP) from the slit.

Claims (15)

1. be used to reclaim comprise at least one that communicate with crack and matrix inject a well and a recovery well, its matrix is the method for the oil of the wettable fracture-type reservoir of oil, may further comprise the steps in order:
A) in the very first time; Can penetrate into network of fracture through injecting the well injection; With the matrix phase mutual effect, original position produces embolism to reduce the rate of permeation in slit with selectivity significantly and to help flowing into the multiviscosisty surfactant soln in the matrix from the solution of step b) slightly;
B) in second time, through inject well inject can be with the matrix phase mutual effect so that its preferably become water wettable and from the surfactant soln of stripping oil wherein, said solution preferred streams is crossed said matrix and after at least 24 hours latent period,
C), inject aqueous solution to increase surface tension, dipping matrix, stripping oil and behind the embolism that a) forms through oily dissolving step, oil to be entrained to recovery well through injecting well in the 3rd time.
2. the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that, step a) is carried out not producing under the extra fissured injection pressure of reservoir.
3. claim 1 or 2 described methods is characterized in that, second step b) and third step c) between latent period be at least 24 hours, and preferably less than 6 months, even more preferably 3 months, and most preferably 1 month.
4. aforesaid right requires each described method, it is characterized in that said multiviscosisty surfactant soln preferably includes at least a zwitterionics that meets the structure of following formula (1):
Figure FPA00001545688500011
Formula (1)
Wherein:
A -Represent COO -Carboxylate group or SO3 -Sulfonate group,
R 1Represent straight or branched, have an appointment 16-30, the hydrophobic part of alkyl, alkoxyl group, alkyl amino alkyl and the alkyl amido alkyl of preferred 18-28 carbon atom saturated or preferred undersaturated containing.
R 2And R 3Representative has a 1-30 carbon atom independently, preferred 1-20 carbon atom, more preferably 1-10 carbon atom, and even the more preferably aliphatic chain of 1-6 carbon atom, wherein, said aliphatic group can be for straight or branched, saturated or undersaturated, preferably R 2And R 3Group be methyl and methylol, ethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl, propyl group and 3-hydroxypropyl and
R 4Be alkylidene group, randomly replace by hydroxyl with 1-4 carbon atom.
5. the described method of claim 4 is characterized in that, in the formula (1), and R 1Can be the alkyl amido propyl group, R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Be methylene radical, and A is a carboxylate group.
6. the described method of claim 5 is characterized in that, said multiviscosisty tensio-active agent meets formula (2):
Figure FPA00001545688500021
Formula (2)
Wherein:
R in the formula (1) 4In formula (2), represent methylene radical,
R in the formula (1) 1In formula (2) is formula: R 5CONHCH 2CH 2CH 2The alkyl amido propyl group and
Radicals R wherein 5-C=O is C 12-C 24Alkyloyl.
7. the described method of claim 4 is characterized in that, in the formula (1), and R 1Be the alkyl amido propyl group, radicals R 5-C=O is C 12-C 24Alkyloyl,
R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Be randomly hydroxylated propylidene, and A is sulfonate group, thereby it can for example meet formula (3):
Figure FPA00001545688500022
Formula (3)
Wherein, the R in the formula (1) 2And R 3Represent methylidene, the R in the formula (1) 4The representation hydroxy propylidene, and the A in the formula (1) represents sulfonate group.
8. claim 6 or 7 described methods is characterized in that R 5-C=O is selected from lauroyl, myristoyl (myristoyl), palmitoyl (spermaceti acyl group), octadecylene acyl group (oleoyl), stearoyl (stearyl-) and docosene acyl group (mustard acyl group) group especially.
9. the described method of claim 4 is characterized in that, in formula (1), and R 1Be the C that is preferably selected from dodecyl (lauryl), tetradecyl (myristyl), hexadecyl (hexadecyl), octadecylene base (oil base), octadecyl (stearyl) and docosene base (erucyl) group 12-C 24Alkyl,
R 2And R 3Represent 2-hydroxyethyl, methyl or ethyl, R 4Be methylene radical, and A is carboxylate group, thereby said multiviscosisty tensio-active agent can meet formula (4):
Figure FPA00001545688500031
Formula (4).
10. the described method of claim 4 is characterized in that, in the formula (1), and R 4Be randomly hydroxylated propylidene, A is a sulfonate group, thereby said multiviscosisty tensio-active agent for example meets formula (5):
Figure FPA00001545688500032
Formula (5)
Wherein, the R in the formula (1) 2And R 3Represent methylidene in formula (5), the R in the formula (1) 4Representation hydroxy propylidene in formula (5), and the A in the formula (1) represents sulfonate group in formula (5).
11. aforesaid right requires each described method, it is characterized in that, selects the multiviscosisty surfactant concentrations with preferably with 10s -1Velocity slope have equal at least 5 times and more preferably at least 10 times to the viscosity of the entry of making a bet in the temperature of reservoir.
12. aforesaid right requires each described method, it is characterized in that the wetting agent that uses in the step b) is selected from negatively charged ion, nonionic or amphoterics.
13. the described method of claim 12; It is characterized in that; Said wetting agent is the alkyl aryl polyether polyvalent alcohol, like ethoxylated alkylphenol, ethoxylation or ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohol, glyceryl ester, alkanolamide, ethoxylation or glycidoxy aliphatic amide, ethoxylation or ethoxylated/propoxylated triphenyl vinyl phenol, ethoxylated mercaptans, EO-PO segmented copolymer, sulfated alkyl ether, AS, alkylaryl sulphonate, alkyl and/or alkyl oxide and/or alkylaryl ether-ether phosphoric acid salt, imidazolidine derivatives and alkyl polyamine.
14. aforesaid right requires each described method, it is characterized in that, repeating step a), b) and c) drained until said well.
15. aforesaid right requires each described method, it is characterized in that the aqueous solution of step c) can be the fresh water that randomly adds the inorganic salt that ion such as sulfate radical, calcium, sodium and carbanion are provided, or seawater.
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Application publication date: 20120711