CN102564857B - Device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel - Google Patents
Device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102564857B CN102564857B CN201210014803.3A CN201210014803A CN102564857B CN 102564857 B CN102564857 B CN 102564857B CN 201210014803 A CN201210014803 A CN 201210014803A CN 102564857 B CN102564857 B CN 102564857B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to biomechanics experiment device technique field, be specially a kind of device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel.Can be used for the non-linear P-V relation and the compliance thereof that measure myocardium vessel (or engineering blood vessel).This measurement mechanism is made up of active section, pressure transducer, volume thruster, hardware system (containing controller and data acquisition unit) and computer software.Volume thruster comprises the parts such as direct current generator, screw mandrel and syringe, can perform to-and-fro movement with to blood vessel compression and decompression.To control and data acquisition unit hardware system 2 is responsible for controlling volume thruster and pressure P and volume V data acquisition, and be delivered to computing machine by usb circuit.Computer software is responsible for experiment parameter and is arranged and control to hardware, and real-time data collection analysis design mothod result.This device has been used successfully in the research of engineering blood vessel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomechanics experiment device technique field, be specifically related to device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel.
Background technology
The mechanical property of ductus arteriosus wall studied in great detail.The characteristics such as its stress-strain hysteresis loop, nonlinear viscoelasticity, stress relaxation and creep are considered to closely related with the constituent of tube wall.Vascular wall is made up of cell (smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell etc.) and extracellular matrix (being mainly collagenous fibres and snapback fibre).Although also carried out research to the passive elastic property of smooth muscle, vascular wall mechanical property determined primarily of the composite properties of collagenous fibres and snapback fibre.In numerous constitutive relations, the exponential type P-V relation that professor Liu Zhaorong proposes can describe the physiological function of artery and the relation with structural constituent thereof the most rightly:
(1)
In formula, V is capacity of blood vessel, and P is intravascular pressure, and α, β, γ are parameter.Different from being cut into longitudinal and circumferential sample from tube wall, this constitutive relation expresses pressure-volume (P-V) relation of artery, identical in body situation with artery.Work as P=
∞time (β is negative value), V
∞ =V|
p=
∞ =γ, illustrates that, when hyperpiesia, volume can not infinitely expand.This is consistent with the protective effect of collagenous fibres to blood vessel.As P=0, zero-pressure volume V
0=V|
p=0the maximum volume that=α+γ (α is also negative value) is blood vessel transmural pressure difference when being zero.By 1 formula, definable zero voltage compliance is:
(2)
During due to zero-pressure, collagenous fibres are in lax reticulate texture, and small pressure can not be applied on collagenous fibres; More than the little order of magnitude of modular ratio snapback fibre of simultaneously smooth muscle, so during zero-pressure, the character of vascular compliance main representative snapback fibre.The transition of P-V curve from low pressure to high pressure is mild exponential type, and this gentle transition is the feature of snapback fibre and collagenous fibres compound substance.
The exponential type P-V relation of blood vessel is better than 2 curves and logarithmic curve, not merely because it is best to the matching of experimental data, the more important thing is that exponential relationship has taken into account P=0 and P=
∞the function of vascular tissue composition under two ultimate limit states.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of structure simple, easy to use, measure device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel accurately.
3 unknown quantitys are comprised: α, β and γ in above-mentioned equation (1).Wherein, α and β can obtain with the change curve matching of P with V, and γ value determines the translation of V-P curve on V axle, can not directly obtain from V-P curve.Due to γ=V
0-α, therefore after α is obtained by matching, if can V be recorded
0, so equation (1) just can uniquely be determined.
Device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel of the present invention, is made up of (Fig. 1) active section container 6, pressure transducer 9, longitudinal stretching device 5, volume thruster 3, controller and the hardware system such as data acquisition unit 2 and by-pass valve control and computing machine 1.
One, wherein, pressure transducer 9, active section container 6 and longitudinal stretching device 5 connect to form active section 7 successively through pipeline, and active section container 6 side is provided with vent valve 10, and pressure transducer 9 one end is provided with vent valve 4, are provided with scale 8 on active section container 6 side.The material of these parts all can bear 120 DEG C of 30min and disinfect.Active section container 6 is for storing physiological saline or PBS damping fluid to ensure that test phase blood vessel is survived.3-6mm is interchangeable for blood vessel joint bore.The extending 20-25mm of longitudinal stretching device 5, according to the initial elongation rate λ=1.0-1.6 of blood vessel when body length regulates test.During P-V relation test, inject physiological saline or damping fluid by volume thruster 3 to Ink vessel transfusing, in blood vessel and each pipeline, can not bubble be retained.Therefore at each line connection by exhaust three-way valve transition, thoroughly to send bubble.
Pressure transducer 9 range 0 ~ 380mmHg is throw-away-type, to ensure that tested vessel segment is not contaminated.Bubble is emptying carries vent valve execution by sensor.
Two, volume thruster 3 is made up of direct current generator, screw mandrel and syringe.The drive voltage range of direct current generator is 3.5-5V.According to tested capacity of blood vessel, syringe is that 0.2-2ml is interchangeable.Syringe fltting speed is different as required.For 0.2ml syringe, fltting speed and driving voltage linear, see Fig. 2.Direct current generator can forward and reversely rotate, and drives syringe to-and-fro movement by screw mandrel, corresponds to vessel segment compression and decompression.DC motor Driver voltage and positive anti-switching are controlled by controller and data acquisition unit 2 middle controller.
Three, controller and data acquisition unit 2 structure are as shown in Figure 3, comprise the circuit compositions such as C51F005 single-chip microcomputer, USB interface, syringe pump speed and reciprocal control, pressure signal amplifier.C51F005 single-chip microcomputer realizes alternately by USB interface and computing machine 1, and computing machine 1 time teletype command, C51F005 single-chip microcomputer uploads sampled data and duty.Shown in syringe pump speed and reciprocal control circuit Fig. 4.Syringe pump speed and the annexation back and forth between each components and parts of control circuit are described as follows: the 0th (P3.0 of single-chip microcomputer C51F005 port 3, chip pin 27) base stage of triode Q1 is connected to through resistance R and potentiometer W, the collector of Q1 connects 9V power supply, the magnet coil of the emitter contact relay L of Q1.Output (the DAC0 of the A/D converter 0 of C51F005, chip pin 64) be connected to the base stage of triode Q2, the emitter of Q2 connects the base stage of triode Q3, the collector of Q2, Q3 connects 9V power supply, 2 contacts (1 and 6) of the emitter contact relay L of Q3, another 2 contacts (3 and 4) ground connection of L, 2 cuttves (2 and 5) of L are connected to accessory power outlet Pout, and Pout is connected to the direct current generator of syringe pump.
Its key technical indexes is as follows:
(1) C51F005 single-chip microcomputer dominant frequency 16MHz, A/D converter changing voltage 0 ~ 3.3V, resolution 12, switching time 10 μ S, the maximum sampling rate of single channel is 100kHz.
(2) usb compatible USB2.0 and USB1.1.
(3) syringe pump driving voltage 3.5V ~ 5V, fltting speed continuously adjustabe.
(4) pressure transducer range 0 ~ 380mmHg, the zeroing, gain, filtering bandwidth etc. of pressure signal amplifier are by software control.
Four, computing machine 1 is for arranging experiment parameter and the control to hardware, and real-time data collection and by man-machine interface Operations Analyst experimental result; The software systems of computing machine 1, also can the data of preserving in off-line analysis experiment for analyzing P-V relation.Wherein:
C51F005 Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program C51 assembly language is write.Adopt timer 3 to start ADC sampling, and produce interrupt request by ADC sampling end signal, in interrupt response subroutine, CPU reads in sampled value.
Host computer procedure VC
++6.0 write, and program has the functions such as signals collecting, equipment control, browsing data, P-V relationship analysis and lag loop display.Figure can generate bitmap file or directly print; Excel database be deposited or be sent to data can.
In P-V relationship analysis, have employed three kinds of methods such as straight-line equation matching, indicial equation matching or parabolic equation matching.Be described below respectively:
(1) straight-line equation matching
Straight-line equation matching is carried out, if fitting a straight line equation is by least square method
y=
a+
bx,
sfor each experiment sampling point
y iwith estimated value each on fitting a straight line equation
f(
x i)=
a+
bx ibetween the quadratic sum of deviation, order
sfor minimum, that is:
(3)
To a, b differentiate, and it is made to be zero,
(4)
Solved by above formula:
(5)
x,
yfuntcional relationship between two variablees and the matching degree of straight-line equation, available related coefficient
rrepresent,
robtain according to following formula:
(6)
Wherein
;
(2) indicial equation matching
Indicial equation formula is:
(7)
In formula
yfor inject liquid measure volume (
v),
xfor arterial cavity pressure (
p).
Be not difficult to find out, when
xwhen=0,
y 0=
a+
c; When
x=
∞time,
y ∞=
c, so full scale equation can be rewritten as:
(8)
In formula,
y 0for tube chamber volume when blood vessel transmural pressure is zero,
y ∞for the maximum volume that lumen of vessels when injecting liquid continuously can reach, this is a unknown number,
y ∞-
y 0for injecting the maximum volume of liquid.
The step of indicial equation matching is as follows:
1, indicial equation linearize.
2, first suppose arterial lumen maximum volume be in experiment actual inject liquid measure (
v max) 3 times, then exist
v max~ 3 ×
v maxscope in Fibonacci method select
y ∞initial value.
3, try to achieve two parameters of equation with linear fitting, and try to achieve related coefficient.
4, according to the quality of related coefficient, change by optimum seeking method
y ∞value, repeat step 3, finally try to achieve best-fit.
(3) parabolic equation matching
Parabolic equation formula is:
(9)
The step of parabolic equation matching is as follows:
1, for limiting parabolical opening direction, the degree of fitting of curve is made to reach best, according to para-curve longitudinal axis symmetrical feature, build somely to become to indulge axisymmetric virtual data with experimental data, obtain one group of raw data that is complete, that meet the distribution of One-place 2-th Order function thus.First suppose that arterial lumen maximum volume is actual injection liquid measure (V in experiment
max) 3 times, then exist
v max~ 3 ×
v maxscope in Fibonacci method select
y ∞initial value.
2, at the end of experimental data according to the slope method of moving average extension data of previous 5 data, make last data
y nvalue reach selected
y ∞initial value, with
x nfor axis of symmetry, build the right half of symmetric data (see figure 6) of para-curve.
3, try to achieve three parameters of equation by least square method, and try to achieve related coefficient.
4, according to the quality of related coefficient, change by optimum seeking method
y ∞value, repeat step 2 and step 3, finally try to achieve best-fit.
The operation interface of Fig. 7 software for display.
A, measure interface in real time.Left column is that controller and data acquisition parameters are arranged, and the right side is classified as real time record curve and traces.
B, for being loaded into the interface of data.The pressure P of measuring, volume V and volume advance the time to be all stored in data file.Can data be read during subsequent analysis, show at software interface.Figure first is pressure P, and second is volume V, and the 3rd road is that volume advances the time starting and terminate.
C, be data cutout interface.For analyzing the P-V relation of a compression and decompression circulation time, the start and end time that can advance according to volume intercepts the P-V data of this circulation.The data segment intercepted is with two parallel red line marks.
D, the hysteresis loop of compression and decompression one-period drawn by the P-V data intercepted.When loading transfers unloading to, the reason of some difference of data point is that volume thruster has backlash, is mainly present in the space between syringe and thruster.Can take measures to reduce this space to reduce backlash.
The Plotting data P-V relation of E, general loading curve.Clearly, can not this P-V relation of matching (vessel segment behave fresh arteria umbilicalis) with straight line.
F, when using exponential type P-V relation (equation 1) matching instead, the related coefficient of matched curve and experimental data is 0.99, and fit equation is:
。
Five, the workflow of whole system is described below:
Computing machine 1 is by USB interface and controller and data acquisition unit 2 transmission of information mutually.After the Survey Software of computing machine 1 sends measuring command, to control and data acquisition unit 2 starts volume thruster 3 and works; Pressure in active section 7 converts input control and data acquisition unit after voltage signal to by pressure transducer 9, then by control and data acquisition unit 2 inputs computing machine 1 by USB interface.Control and microprocessor chip C51F005 in data acquisition unit 2 performs from the instruction of computing machine 1, its program flow chart is shown in Fig. 5.
characteristic feature of an invention
1. exponential type P-V relation can describe the physiological function of artery and the relation with structural constituent thereof the most rightly;
2. the present invention is a kind of special purpose device measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel, and device is made up of active section, pressure transducer, longitudinal stretching device, volume thruster, control and data acquisition unit and computing machine and corresponding software etc. thereof;
3. the longitudinal tensile strain device in active section can facilitate, accurately control initial length and the tension force of blood vessel;
4. volume thruster fltting speed is directly proportional to driving voltage, and can move back and forth, and is convenient to carry out compression and decompression to blood vessel;
5. pressure signal amplifier and the angle of rake Based Intelligent Control of volume;
6. the diversity of software function, Survey Software has the functions such as signals collecting, equipment control, browsing data, P-V relationship analysis and lag loop display.Figure can generate bitmap file or directly print; Excel database be deposited or be sent to data can, for off-line analysis;
7. the P-V relation computerized algorithm of original creation, comprises index curve and the conic fitting algorithm of improvement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: non-linear vascular mechanics property measurement devices schematic diagram.
Fig. 2: volume thruster calibration curve, syringe is 0.2ml.
Fig. 3: volume forward controller and data acquisition unit hardware system.
Fig. 4: syringe pump control circuit.
Fig. 5: system flowchart.
Fig. 6: parabolic equation matching.
Fig. 7: computer software measured curve is illustrated.A:P-V hysteresis loop, B:P-V loading curve fitting a straight line, C:P-V loading curve exponential type equation model.
The measured result of Fig. 8: human umbilical artery P-V relation.
Number in the figure: 1, computing machine; 2, control and data acquisition unit; 3, volume thruster, 4, vent valve; 5, longitudinal stretching device; 6, active section container; 7, active section; 8, scale; 9, pressure transducer; 10, vent valve.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 and Figure 5, apparatus of the present invention mainly contain active section container 6, scale 8, pressure transducer 9, longitudinal stretching device 5, volume thruster 3, control and data acquisition unit 2 and computing machine 1 form.
In the present embodiment, the long 360mm of whole measurement mechanism profile, wide 250mm, high 80mm.The long 170mm of core component active section container 6, wide 115mm, high 45mm, select the parts such as transparent, sealing, nontoxic polypropylene box and medical grade interface, adapter and T-valve to form.Can the volume of Real Time Observation myocardium vessel with Pressure Variation.
Concrete measuring process is as follows:
(1) first by vessel segment to be measured position with marking pen label vascular two ends when body, and the length (blood vessel is at body length) between end positions is measured;
(2) peel off blood vessel to be measured, after certain length is left and taken in gauge point both sides, intercept blood vessel, and measure the in vitro length of this vessel segment (length namely between the mark position of two ends).The length growth rate λ of blood vessel=in body length/in vitro length;
(3) by firm for vessel segment to be measured ligation on the intravascular stent of active section container 6;
(4) physiological saline is injected by volume thruster 3 to blood vessel active section 7 and pipe system, removal system bubble, Leakage prevention;
(5) 2 ~ 3 loading-unloadings are carried out with volume thruster 3 presetting;
(6) longitudinal stretching device 5 is regulated to set the longitudinal tensile strain rate λ (blood vessel longitudinal length and in vitro length ratio) of vessel segment to be measured (active section 7);
(7) to find time vessel segment to be measured with volume thruster 3, make it fully collapse flat.Capacity of blood vessel is now 0;
(8) for different λ
i, be P-V respectively one by one and measure;
(9) when loading, pressure changes volumetric values corresponding to non-zero moment into from zero and is zero-pressure volume V
0;
(10) P-V real time data is by control and data acquisition unit 2 gathers and by computing machine 1 software systems Operations Analyst experimental result, sees Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 is the measured result of human umbilical artery P-V relation, and Exponential Fitting equation is:
This device has been used successfully in the research of engineering blood vessel.
Claims (3)
1. a device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel, is characterized in that being made up of active section container, pressure transducer, longitudinal stretching device, volume thruster, control and data acquisition unit, computing machine and by-pass valve control; Wherein:
Described pressure transducer, active section container and longitudinal stretching device connect to form active section successively through pipeline, and active section container side is provided with vent valve, and pressure transducer one end is also provided with vent valve, are provided with scale on active section container side; Described active section container is for storing physiological saline or PBS damping fluid to ensure that test phase blood vessel is survived; Extending 20 ~ the 25mm of longitudinal stretching device, according to initial elongation rate λ=1.0 ~ 1.6 of blood vessel when body length regulates test; During P-V relation test, inject physiological saline or damping fluid by volume thruster to Ink vessel transfusing, blood vessel and each line connection by exhaust three-way valve transition, to discharge bubble; Wherein, P is intravascular pressure, and V is tube chamber volume;
Described volume thruster is made up of direct current generator, screw mandrel and syringe; Direct current generator can forward and reversely rotate, and drives syringe to-and-fro movement by screw mandrel, corresponds to blood vessel active section compression and decompression; DC motor Driver voltage and positive anti-switching are by control and data acquisition unit middle controller controls;
Described control and data acquisition unit are by C51F005 single-chip microcomputer, USB interface, syringe pump speed and back and forth control circuit, pressure signal amplifier form; C51F005 single-chip microcomputer realizes alternately by USB interface and computing machine, teletype command under computing machine, and C51F005 single-chip microcomputer uploads sampled data and duty;
Described computing machine is for arranging experiment parameter and the control to hardware, and real-time data collection and by man-machine interface Operations Analyst experimental result; The software systems of computing machine for analyzing P-V relation, also for the data of preserving in off-line analysis experiment;
Computing machine is by USB interface and control and the mutual transmission of information of data acquisition unit; After the Survey Software of computing machine sends measuring command, to control and data acquisition unit starts the work of volume thruster; Pressure in blood vessel active section converts input control and data acquisition unit after voltage signal to by pressure transducer, then by control and data acquisition unit inputs computing machine by USB interface; To control and microprocessor chip C51F005 in data acquisition unit performs from the instruction of computing machine;
Wherein, annexation between syringe pump speed and the reciprocal each components and parts of control circuit is as follows: the 0th of single-chip microcomputer C51F005 port 3 is connected to the base stage of triode Q1 through resistance R and potentiometer W, the collector of Q1 connects 9V power supply, the magnet coil of the emitter contact relay L of Q1; The output port DAC0 of the D/A (0) of C51F005 is connected to the base stage of triode Q2, the emitter of triode Q2 connects the base stage of triode Q3, the collector of triode Q2, triode Q3 connects 9V power supply, 2 contacts of the emitter contact relay L of triode Q3, another 2 contact ground of relay L, 2 cuttves of relay L are connected to accessory power outlet Pout, and Pout is connected to the direct current generator of syringe pump;
The principle of syringe pump speed and reciprocal control circuit is as follows: relay L is dpdt relay, and its open and-shut mode determines the polarity of Pout output voltage, thus changes the reciprocating direction of syringe pump; From the signal of the 0th of port 3 of C51F005 i.e. P3.0 port via the open and-shut mode of the driving circuit pilot relay of pliotron Q1, resistance R and potentiometer W composition in NPN; D is discharge diode; The supply voltage of syringe pump direct current generator, from the D/A switch output port DAC0 of C51F005, via the driving circuit driving of pliotron Q2 in NPN and NPN large power triode Q3 composition, and is connected to the direct current generator of syringe pump through Pout port.
2. device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel according to claim 1, is characterized in that the key technical indexes of syringe pump speed and reciprocal control circuit is as follows:
(1) C51F005 single-chip microcomputer dominant frequency 16MHz, D/A (0) changing voltage 0 ~ 3.3V, resolution 12, switching time 10 μ S, the maximum sampling rate of single channel is 100kHz;
(2) usb compatible USB2.0 and USB1.1;
(3) syringe pump driving voltage 3.5V ~ 5V, fltting speed continuously adjustabe;
(4) pressure transducer range 0 ~ 380mmHg, the zeroing of pressure signal amplifier, gain, filtering bandwidth are by software control.
3. device for measuring nonlinear mechanical property of blood vessel according to claim 1, is characterized in that software systems in computing machine are in P-V relationship analysis, adopts straight-line equation matching, indicial equation matching and parabolic equation matching three kinds of methods.
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| CN106872272B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2019-06-14 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of dissection of aorta diaphragm organization mechanics attribute measurement device and its method |
| CN109833521B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-10-26 | 郑州大学 | Method and device for preparing artificial blood vessel |
| CN112432852B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-11-22 | 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 | Method for testing mechanical properties of 3D printing tissue engineering auricular cartilage and support |
| CN114431846B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-09-22 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Non-contact measurement method and visual detection system for blood vessel blood pressure in operation |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101430311A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-05-13 | 重庆大学 | Medicine release measuring equipment and method for medicine eluting vascular inner rack |
| WO2009138883A2 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-11-19 | Cardio Art Technologies, Ltd. | Integrated heart monitoring device and method of using same |
| CN201955287U (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-08-31 | 东南大学 | Device for testing flowing performance of blood flow at lesion position implanted with vascular stent |
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| US4972721A (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1990-11-27 | Dynatek Laboratories, Inc. | Dynamic vascular compliance tester |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009138883A2 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-11-19 | Cardio Art Technologies, Ltd. | Integrated heart monitoring device and method of using same |
| CN101430311A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-05-13 | 重庆大学 | Medicine release measuring equipment and method for medicine eluting vascular inner rack |
| CN201955287U (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-08-31 | 东南大学 | Device for testing flowing performance of blood flow at lesion position implanted with vascular stent |
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