CN102521472A - Method for constructing thinned MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) planar array radar antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for constructing a thinned MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) planar array radar antenna, which is on the basis of a phase center approximation principle and combines an MIMO antenna thought. The antenna arrangement optimal design is carried out by adopting the MIMO antenna thought. When all transmitting array elements simultaneously (or in turns) transmit orthogonal signals and receiving array elements simultaneously receive echo signals, a virtual planar array with uniform intervals is subjected to equivalence processing by utilizing the phase center approximation principle. According to the thinned MIMO planar array radar antenna constructed according to the invention, few transmitting antenna array elements and few receiving antenna array elements can be adopted and the equivalent full-array-element arrangement planar antenna array is virtually realized. Compared with the planar array antenna which is the same size as the equivalent virtual planar array and is directly arranged, the thinned MIMO planar array radar antenna constructed according to the method disclosed by the invention has the advantage of greatly reducing the requirement on the number of the array elements.

Description

A kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the Radar Technology field, it has been particularly related to MIMO radar and radar array antenna technical field.

Technical background:

MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology is proposed by the AT&T Labs the earliest, has been widely used in wireless communication field at present, has effectively improved wireless coverage and data transmission performance.And the MIMO radar is a kind of New Type Radar system that just proposes the beginning of this century, compares the resource that the MIMO radar has utilized the emission battle array more with traditional radar, through launching many waveforms of uncorrelated or part correlation, to obtain the waveform diversity gain; Also can make launching electromagnetic wave shine target from different perspectives, thereby obtain space diversity gain through the big array element separation of sending and receiving bay.

The document of understanding and having delivered according to the inventor; For example: J.Klare; " Digital Beamforming for a 3DMIMO SAR-Improvements through Frequency and Waveform Diversity, " in Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008.IGARSS 2008.IEEE International; 2008; Pp.V-17-V-20, planar array antenna have important use in phased-array radar, can realize multiple goal followed the tracks of fast etc.; Can realize wave beam forming easily through changing phase weighting; Utilize planar array to have the space two-dimensional angular resolution, can also realize the three-dimensional radar imaging in conjunction with pulse compression technique.Yet for fear of the graing lobe effect spacescan scope bigger with realization, planar array antenna needs arrange according to full array element, causes thousands of dual-mode antenna array element of needs and corresponding antenna control module, and cost is extremely expensive.Therefore, the optimal design of planar array antenna reduces its cost, becomes one of key issue that its widespread use needs to be resolved hurrily.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention has been mainly and has solved the problem that planar array antenna needs a large amount of bays, has proposed a kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method.Utilize phase center to be similar to (PCA; Phase Center Approximation) and MIMO technology; Sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna according to the present invention makes up can be realized with less emitting antenna array element and receiving antenna array element, the planar antenna array that the full array element of Virtual Realization equivalence is arranged.

Describe content of the present invention for ease, at first make following term definition:

Definition 1, MIMO radar

The full name of MIMO radar is " MIMO radar " (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar); Broadly the MIMO radar is defined as transmitting terminal and receiving end has a plurality of antennas, and transmitting terminal is launched the radar of a plurality of uncorrelated or part correlation signal waveforms.See document D.W.Bliss and K.W.Forsythe for details; " Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and imaging:degrees of freedom and resolution; " In Signals, Systems and Computers, 2003.Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on; 2003, pp.54-59Vol.1.

Definition 2, orthogonal signal

The covariance of two signals is zero, claims that they are mutually orthogonal; If it is zero that an average is arranged in two signals, add up uncorrelated of equal value so with quadrature.See document " modern digital signal Processing and application thereof " for details, He Zishu etc. write, publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2009.

Definition 3, space diversity

Space diversity be a kind of transmitting terminal or (with) receiving end installs the diversity technique of the antenna of many diverse locations.If the distance of these antenna is enough big, then the influence that declined of electromagnetic wave is just separate.See document " present mobile communication " for details, Pang Baomao etc., publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2004.

Definition 4, waveform diversity

Waveform diversity is meant through various parameters that reasonably design transmitted waveform and the related coefficient between waveform and makes the system performance maximization.See document " analysis of single base MIMO radar DOA estimation performance " for details, Yang Wei, Xian Electronics Science and Technology University, 2009.

Definition 5, installation rectangle plane

Rectangle plane being installed being meant the fixed pan that planar array antenna is mounted, is a rectangle.As shown in Figure 1.

Definition 6, planar array antenna

Planar array antenna is meant that antenna sending and receiving array element all is installed in the fixed pan, and array element is according to rectangle or rounded projections arranged usually.See document " radar handbook (second edition) " for details, Wang Jun etc. translate, the Electronic Industry Press.

The coordinate system of definition 7, installation rectangle plane

The coordinate system of rectangle plane is installed true origin is set the center that rectangle plane is installed, coordinate axis x is parallel with two adjacent edges that rectangle plane is installed respectively with coordinate axis y, sets up coordinate system with right-handed system, and is as shown in Figure 1.See document " linear algebra and space analysis how much (second edition) " for details, work such as Huang Tingzhu, Higher Education Publishing House, 2003.

The definition 8, planar array antenna horizontal and vertical

Planar array antenna laterally be meant direction along x; Planar array antenna vertically be meant direction along y.As shown in Figure 1.

Definition 9, planar array antenna beam pattern

The spatial filtering response of planar array antenna is the planar array antenna beam pattern, when array is input as plane wave, and the relation between battle array output (only considering output amplitude or power usually) and the plane incident angle.See document " auto adapted filtering---time-domain adaptive filtering and smart antenna " for details, Gong Yaohuan, second edition, Electronic Industry Press, 2003.

The lateral angle resolution and the longitudinal angle resolution of definition 10, planar array antenna

The lateral angle resolution of planar array antenna refers to through the pattern of transmitting antenna center; Carry out vertical section along the x direction; The 3dB width of section main lobe, the expression with

; The longitudinal angle resolution of planar array antenna refers to through the pattern of transmitting antenna center; Carry out vertical section along the y direction; The 3dB width of section main lobe, the expression with

.See document " auto adapted filtering---time-domain adaptive filtering and smart antenna " for details, Gong Yaohuan, second edition, Electronic Industry Press, 2003.

Definition 11, emitting antenna array element and receiving antenna array element

Emitting antenna array element is meant and is installed on the planar array antenna, and the bay of the waveform that is used to transmit is called for short emission array element, representes with T; Receiving antenna array element is meant and is installed on the planar array antenna, is used to receive the bay of echoed signal, is called for short to receive array element, representes with R.As shown in Figure 1.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 12, emitting antenna array element

Horizontal spacing is meant the spacing of emitting antenna array element along the distribution of x direction between emitting antenna array element, uses d _XTExpression; Longitudinal pitch is meant the spacing of emitting antenna array element along the distribution of y direction between emitting antenna array element, uses d _YTExpression.As shown in Figure 1.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 13, receiving antenna array element

Horizontal spacing is meant the spacing of receiving antenna array element along the distribution of x direction between receiving antenna array element, uses d _XRExpression; Longitudinal pitch is meant the spacing of receiving antenna array element along the distribution of y direction between receiving antenna array element, uses d _YRExpression.As shown in Figure 1.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 14, sending and receiving bay

Horizontal spacing is meant that adjacent receiving antenna array element and emitting antenna array element along the spacing that the x direction distributes, uses d between the sending and receiving bay _XTRExpression; Longitudinal pitch is meant that adjacent receiving antenna array element and emitting antenna array element along the spacing that the y direction distributes, uses d between the sending and receiving bay _YTRExpression.As shown in Figure 1.

Definition 15, approximate (PCA) principle of phase center

The approximate principle of phase center is thought: under far field condition (promptly

L wherein _TRFor receiving the spacing between array element and the emission array element; R is emission array element and the distance of the centre position that receives array element to scattering point; λ is a signal wavelength), a pair of bay that splits that transmits and receives can be replaced by the equivalent phase center of a transmit-receive sharing that is positioned at their centers.Detailed content can be with reference to Bellettini A; Pinto M A; " Theoretical Accuracy of Synthetic Aperture Sonar Micronavigation Using a Displaced Phase Center Antenna " .IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2002; Vol.27, No.4, pp.780-789.

Definition 16, virtual array element, virtual linear array and virtual plane array

According to the approximate principle of phase center, under far field condition, a pair of bay that splits that transmits and receives can be replaced by the equivalent phase center of a transmit-receive sharing that is positioned at their centers, and the equivalent phase center of this transmit-receive sharing is virtual array element; All virtual array elements are arranged according to certain position relation and are virtual linear array point-blank; All virtual linear arrays are arranged in a rectangle according to certain position relation and are the virtual plane array.As shown in Figures 2 and 3.Detailed content can be with reference to Ilya Bekkerman and Joseph Tabrikian. " Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars " .IEEE Transactions on signal processing; 2006,54 (10): 3873～3883.

The lateral length and the longitudinal length of definition 17, virtual plane array

The lateral length of virtual plane array is meant the length of virtual plane array along the distribution of x axle, uses L _VxExpression; The longitudinal length of virtual plane array is meant the length of virtual plane array along the distribution of y axle, uses L _VyExpression.As shown in Figure 3.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 18, virtual plane array array element

Horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element is meant between virtual plane array array element uses d along the spacing of x axle _VxExpression; Longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element is meant between virtual plane array array element uses d along the spacing of y axle _VyExpression.As shown in Figure 3.

Define 19, round up

The mathematical definition that rounds up representes to get the smallest positive integral that is not less than s for

; Wherein, ∈ is for belonging to symbol; The set of

expression integer; The set of

expression real number; N representes arbitrary integer, and s representes any real number.Definition 20, upwards get idol

Upwards get even mathematical definition and represent to get the minimum even number that is not less than s for

; Wherein, ∈ is for belonging to symbol; The set of

expression even number; The set of

expression real number; N representes any even number, and s representes any real number.

Spacing between definition 21, array element

Spacing comprises horizontal spacing between emission array element between array element, and longitudinal pitch between emission array element receives horizontal spacing between array element, receives longitudinal pitch between array element, longitudinal pitch between horizontal spacing and sending and receiving array element between sending and receiving array element.

A kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method that the present invention proposes, it comprises that step is following:

The initialization setting of step 1, antenna correlation parameter

At first, confirm the dimensional parameters of virtual plane array.Preestablish the lateral angle resolution of planar array antenna

Differentiate with longitudinal angle

, the lateral length L of calculating virtual plane array _VxLength L longitudinally _VyMathematical formula describes:

and where the radar signal carrier wavelength λ is known.

Secondly, confirm horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element.Horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element is used d _VxExpression, the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element is used d _VyExpression.Regulation is respectively θ along x with along the maximum field angle of y scanning direction _X0And θ _Y0, according to the graing lobe formula

With Confirm horizontal spacing d _VxWith longitudinal pitch d _VySpan, symbol || the expression computing that takes absolute value.Select

and meet along the x-and y-direction along the beam scanning angle from

to

The beam scanning range requirements.

Once more, the array element of confirming the virtual plane array along x to the columns N that arranges _VxWith along y to the array element line number N that arranges _Vy:

Symbol wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

At last, confirm to make up the emission array element number M that the virtual plane array needs _TWith reception array element number N _RConcrete grammar is:

(1), making up array element number is N _VxVirtual linear array: promptly confirm the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _XTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _XTBe even number, use N _XRThe reception array element number that expression needs is used c _TAnd c _RExpression is laid an emission array element with the reception needed cost of array element (cost refers to the expense of bay, processing and installation) and for known here, respectively.Idol is upwards got in wherein

representative to choose

, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

wherein representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

(2), making up array element number is N _VyVirtual linear array: promptly confirm the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _YTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _YTBe even number; Use N _YRThe reception array element number that expression needs.Idol is upwards got in wherein

representative to choose

, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

wherein

representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

So the structure array element number is N _Vy* N _VxThe virtual plane array, needed emission array element number M _T=M _XT* M _YT, the reception array element number that needs is N _R=N _XR* N _YR

Step 2, confirm spacing between array element

Horizontal spacing d between emission array element _XT: d _XT=2d _Vx, d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between emission array element _YT: d _YT=2d _Vy, d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element;

Receive horizontal spacing d between array element _XR:

d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, M _XTFor making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Receive longitudinal pitch d between array element _YR: d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, M _YTFor making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Horizontal spacing d between sending and receiving array element _XTR:

d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between sending and receiving array element _YTR: d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element;

Step 3, definite coordinate system that rectangle plane is installed

The center that rectangle plane is installed is defined as true origin, and the x axle is parallel with installation rectangle plane adjacent two edges respectively with the y axle, sets up the planar coordinate system.As shown in Figure 1.

Step 4, layout receive array element

Receive the total N of array element _RIndividual, each receives the position coordinates of array element and confirms according to following formula:

Receive array element horizontal ordinate x _R(i):

I={1,2, L, N _XR, N _XRFor making up array element number is N _VxThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element;

Receive array element ordinate y _R(k):

K={1,2, L, N _YR, N _YRFor making up array element number is N _VyThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element.

Step 5, layout emission array element

The total M of emission array element _TIndividual, be divided into about initial point centrosymmetric four part: I, II, III and IV, as shown in Figure 1, each part has emission array element

Individual.Confirm the position coordinates of each part emission array element respectively:

(1), the position coordinates of part i emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part i emission array element _{T_I}(i):

$x_{T\_I}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{XR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}-d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part i emission array element _{T_I}(k):

$y_{T\_I}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{YR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}+d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _VTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(2), the position coordinates of part ii emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{XR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}+d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{YR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}+d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(3), III partly launches the position coordinates of array element

III partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_III}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{XR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}-d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

III partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_III}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{YR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}-d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(4), IV partly launches the position coordinates of array element

IV partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_IV}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{XR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}+d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

IV partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_IV}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{YR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}-d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element.

Position coordinates according to receiving four parts of element position coordinate and emission array element is arranged, has just constituted sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of the present invention.

Need to prove

1, the present invention's geometry of being primarily aimed at emission array element and receiving array element is arranged and is carried out array optimization; When all emission array elements whiles (or in turn) emission orthogonal signal; And when receiving array element and receiving echoed signal simultaneously, utilize method equivalence of the present invention to go out to have evenly spaced virtual plane array.

2, Fig. 2 has chosen the part bay of Fig. 1, and approximate principle equivalence has gone out one and has along x to equally distributed virtual linear array according to phase center;

3, Fig. 3 representes the virtual plane array of MIMO array equivalence shown in Figure 1.

Innovative point of the present invention is to be the basis with the approximate principle of phase center, in conjunction with the MIMO antenna concept, has invented a kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna building method

The invention has the advantages that and adopt on the one hand MIMO thought to carry out the antenna optimal design of structuring the formation; When all emission array elements whiles (or in turn) emission orthogonal signal; And when receiving array element and receiving echoed signal simultaneously, utilize the approximate principle of phase center equivalence to go out to have evenly spaced virtual plane array; On the other hand, compare with the onesize planar array antenna of virtual plane array of equivalence with direct laying, method for designing of the present invention has greatly reduced the demand to array element number.

Description of drawings

The sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of Fig. 1 scheme of installation

Wherein, rectangle plane is installed in " 1 " representative; I, II, III and IV represent four groups of emitting antenna array elements of sparse MIMO planar array respectively;

Representative emission array element T, Representative receives array element R; d _XTAnd d _YTHorizontal spacing and the longitudinal pitch between array element launched in expression respectively; d _XRAnd d _YRExpression receives horizontal spacing and the longitudinal pitch between array element respectively; d _XTRAnd d _YTRRepresent horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element respectively; X and y represent to install the x axle and the y axle of the coordinate system of rectangle plane respectively; O representes to install the initial point of the coordinate system of rectangle plane.

The virtual linear array synoptic diagram of Fig. 2

Wherein,

representative emission array element T;

representative receives array element R, and " ■ " represents virtual array element.

Fig. 3 virtual plane array synoptic diagram

Wherein, d _VxAnd d _VyRepresent horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element respectively; L _VxAnd L _VyLateral length and the longitudinal length of representing the virtual plane array respectively; N _VxAnd N _VyArray element columns and the line number of representing the virtual plane array respectively; " ■ " represents virtual array element, and x and y represent to install the x axle and the y axle of the coordinate system of rectangle plane respectively; O representes to install the initial point of the coordinate system of rectangle plane.

Fig. 4 FB(flow block) of the present invention

Embodiment:

The initialization setting of step 1, antenna correlation parameter

At first, confirm the dimensional parameters of virtual plane array.Lateral angle resolution of given planar array antenna

and longitudinal angle are differentiated

, radar signal carrier wavelength lambda=0.03m.Calculate the lateral length of virtual plane array $L_{\mathrm{Vx}}=\frac{0.886\mathrm{\λ}}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_x}\≈0.54m$ Length longitudinally $L_{\mathrm{Vy}}=\frac{0.886\mathrm{\λ}}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_y}\≈0.54m.$

Secondly, confirm horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element.Horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element is used d _VxExpression, the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element is used d _VyExpression.Regulation is respectively along x with along the maximum field angle of y scanning direction

With

According to the graing lobe formula

With Confirm d _VxAnd d _VySpan, symbol || the expression computing that takes absolute value.Select d _Vx=0.015m and d _Vy=0.015m.

Once more, the array element of confirming the virtual plane array along x to the columns N that arranges _VxWith along y to the array element line number N that arranges _Vy:

Symbol wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

At last, confirm the emission array element number M that realization virtual plane array needs _TWith reception array element number N _R

Detailed process is following:

(1), making up array element number is N _VxVirtual linear array: promptly confirm the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _XTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _XTBe even number, use N _XRThe reception array element number that expression needs, get install an emission array element with one to receive array element cost (, cost refers to the expense of bay, processing and installation) here identical, i.e. c _T=c _RIdol is upwards got in wherein representative to choose

, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

wherein

representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

(2), making up array element number is N _VyVirtual linear array: promptly confirm the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _YTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _YTBe even number; Use N _YRThe reception array element number that expression needs.Choose

So the structure array element number is N _Vy* N _VxThe virtual plane array, needed emission array element number M _T=M _XT* M _YT=36, the reception array element number that needs is N _R=N _XR* N _YR=36.

Step 2, confirm spacing between array element

Horizontal spacing d between emission array element _XT: d _XT=2d _Vx=0.03m, d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between emission array element _YT: d _YT=2d _Vy=0.03m, d _XyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element;

Receive horizontal spacing d between array element _XR:

d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, M _XTFor making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Receive longitudinal pitch d between array element _YR: d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, M _YTFor making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Horizontal spacing d between sending and receiving array element _XTR:

d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between sending and receiving array element _YTR:

d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element;

Step 3, definite coordinate system that rectangle plane is installed

The center that rectangle plane is installed is defined as true origin, and the x axle is parallel with installation rectangle plane adjacent two edges respectively with the y axle, sets up the planar coordinate system.As shown in Figure 1.

Step 4, layout receive array element

Receive array element and have 36, each receives the position coordinates of array element and confirms according to following formula:

Receive array element horizontal ordinate x _R(i):

I={1,2, L, 6}, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element;

Receive array element ordinate y _R(k):

K={1,2, L, 6}, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element;

Step 5, layout emission array element

Emission array element has 36, is divided into about centrosymmetric four parts of initial point (I, II, III and IV, as shown in Figure 1), and each part has 9 of emission array elements.Confirm the position coordinates of each part emission array element respectively:

(1), part i emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part i emission array element _{T_I}(i):

I={1,2,3}, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part i emission array element _{T_I}(k):

K={1,2,3}, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(2), part ii emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(i):

I={1,2,3}, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(k):

K={1,2,3}, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(3), III partly launches array element

III partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_III}(i):

I={1,2,3}, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

III partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_III}(k):

K={1,2,3}, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(4), IV partly launches array element

IV partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_IV}(i):

I={1,2,3}, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

IV partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_IV}(k):

K={1,2,3}, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element.

Position coordinates according to receiving four parts of element position coordinate and emission array element arranges that just constituted sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of the present invention, equivalence is the virtual plane array of a 0.54m * 0.54m.

Can find out through the specific embodiment of the invention, directly realize the planar array antenna of a 0.54m * 0.54m, needed bay number is 36 * 36=1296; Realize and pass through sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method of the present invention, only need 36 emission array elements and 36 reception array elements, add up to 72 bays altogether; When arranging an emission array element and arranging that a reception array element cost is identical, cost so required for the present invention approximately is that that directly realize shows that the present invention can reduce the cost of planar array antenna design greatly.

Claims (1)

1. sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method is characterized in that it comprises that step is following:

The initialization setting of step 1, antenna correlation parameter

At first, confirm the dimensional parameters of virtual plane array; Preestablish the lateral angle resolution of planar array antenna Differentiate with longitudinal angle

, the lateral length L of calculating virtual plane array _VxLength L longitudinally _VyDescribe with mathematical formulae: With

Wherein the radar signal carrier wavelength lambda is known;

Secondly, confirm horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element; Horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element is used d _VxExpression, the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element is used d _VyExpression; Regulation is respectively θ along x with along the maximum field angle of y scanning direction _X0And θ _V0, according to the graing lobe formula

With

Confirm horizontal spacing d _VxWith longitudinal pitch d _VySpan, symbol || the expression computing that takes absolute value; Select

With Satisfy along x and along the field angle of y scanning direction from

Arrive

The requirement of beam scanning scope;

Once more, the array element of confirming the virtual plane array along x to the columns N that arranges _VxWith along y to the array element line number N that arranges _Vy:

Symbol wherein Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression;

At last, confirm to make up the emission array element number M that the virtual plane array needs _TWith reception array element number N _RConcrete grammar is:

(1), making up array element number is N _VxVirtual linear array: promptly confirm the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _XTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _XTBe even number, use N _XRThe reception array element number that expression needs is used c _TAnd c _RExpression is laid an emission array element and is received the needed cost of array element respectively, and here, cost refers to the expense of bay, processing and installation, and is known; Choose

Wherein Idol is upwards got in representative, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

Wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression;

(2), making up array element number is N _VyVirtual linear array: promptly confirm the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _YTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _YTBe even number; Use N _YRThe reception array element number that expression needs; Choose Wherein

Idol is upwards got in representative, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

Wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression;

So the structure array element number is N _Vy* N _VxThe virtual plane array, needed emission array element number M _T=M _XT* M _VT, the reception array element number that needs is N _R=N _XR* N _YR

Step 2, confirm spacing between array element

Horizontal spacing d between emission array element _XT: d _XT=2d _Vx, d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between emission array element _YT: d _YT=2d _Vy, d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element;

Receive horizontal spacing d between array element _XR:

d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, M _XTFor making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Receive longitudinal pitch d between array element _VR:

d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, M _YTFor making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Horizontal spacing d between sending and receiving array element _XTR:

d _VxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between sending and receiving array element _YTR:

d _VyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element;

Step 3, definite coordinate system that rectangle plane is installed

The center that rectangle plane is installed is defined as true origin, and the x axle is parallel with installation rectangle plane adjacent two edges respectively with the y axle, sets up the planar coordinate system;

Step 4, layout receive array element

Receive the total N of array element _RIndividual, each receives the position coordinates of array element and confirms according to following formula:

Receive array element horizontal ordinate x _R(i):

I={1,2, L, N _XR, N _XRFor making up array element number is N _VxThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element;

Receive array element ordinate y _R(k):

K={1,2, L, N _YR, N _YRFor making up array element number is N _VyThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element;

Step 5, layout emission array element

The total M of emission array element _TIndividual, be divided into about initial point centrosymmetric four part: I, II, III and IV, each part has emission array element

Individual; Confirm the position coordinates of each part emission array element respectively:

(1), the position coordinates of part i emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part i emission array element _{T_I}(i):

$x_{T\_I}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{XR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}-d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part i emission array element _{T_I}(k):

$y_{T\_I}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{YR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}+d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(2), the position coordinates of part ii emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{XR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}+d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{YR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}+d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _VTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(3), III partly launches the position coordinates of array element

III partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_III}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{XR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}-d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

III partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_III}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{YR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}-d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(4), IVB partly launches the position coordinates of array element

IV partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_IV}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{XT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{XR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{XR}}+d_{\mathrm{XTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{XT}}}{2}\},$ M _XTAnd N _XRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _XTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _XRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _XTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

IV partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_IV}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{YT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{YR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{YR}}-d_{\mathrm{YTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},L,\frac{M_{\mathrm{YT}}}{2}\},$ M _YTAnd N _YRBeing respectively and making up array element number is N _VyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array with receive array element number, d _YTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _YRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _YTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

Position coordinates according to receiving four parts of element position coordinate and emission array element is arranged, has just constituted sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of the present invention.

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