CN102419303B - Crack grouting visualization tester under complex conditions - Google Patents

Crack grouting visualization tester under complex conditions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102419303B
CN102419303B CN 201110232394 CN201110232394A CN102419303B CN 102419303 B CN102419303 B CN 102419303B CN 201110232394 CN201110232394 CN 201110232394 CN 201110232394 A CN201110232394 A CN 201110232394A CN 102419303 B CN102419303 B CN 102419303B
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pressure
crack
box
load
slip casting
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CN102419303A (en
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王刚
蒋宇静
刘锋珍
吴学震
刘传正
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a crack grouting visualization tester under complex conditions, comprising a tester frame for testing, a crack sample grouting loading box, an axial loading mechanism, a tangential loading mechanism, a confining pressure loading mechanism, a hydraulic pressure loading mechanism, a pressure grouting system, a circulating water collection tester, and a visualization system.

Description

The crack grouting visualization test device of complex condition
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit and test method of rock fracture grouting simulation test, relate in particular to the crack radial spoke jet visual experimental apparatus of considering crack changing of the relative positions impact under a kind of complex stress condition.
Background technology
In the Geotechnical Engineerings such as mining, water conservancy and hydropower, tunnel, slope reinforcement, joint fissure is to the stable important of rock mass engineering project.Rock cranny is one of major reason that causes the underground works water damage on the one hand, and the existence in crack also greatly reduces rock mass strength on the other hand.By the grouting filling crack, effective prevention and cure project water damage not only, and improved the globality of country rock, fairly obvious to the consolidation effect of fragmented rock body.In the process of slip casting, the Diffusion Law of slurries in the crack has conclusive material impact to water blockoff and surrounding rock consolidation effect.
Therefore, this area is starved of to be studied diffusion form and the influence factor of slurries in the crack, and carries out the crack grouting simulation test of complex condition, and to set up based on this crack grouting radial diffusion model be a kind of effective research means.Set up crack grouting radial diffusion model and should consider the factor of following several respects: the distortion of the stress in crack, crack and relative shear displacement, fissure-plane contact area, serum viscosity using, fracture opening, grouting pressure, crack roughness, fracture connectivity, water vein pressure and flow, whether fissure-plane opens etc. with various construction factors etc.Its gordian technique is the realization of test boundary condition, i.e. load, displacement boundary conditions and the boundary condition of seepage flow.Because the restriction of test condition, particularly confined pressure loading, the controlled changing of the relative positions in crack, infiltration seal means, and visual realization aspect, domestic about also having limitation at the rock fracture slip casting diffusion test of complex condition and the research of test method, related experiment equipment also relatively lacks.
In the prior art, " slip casting diffusion test set " discloses a kind of slip casting analogue experiment installation, crack grouting diffusion method of testing has been carried out relevant elaboration, but it does not consider the impact of the factors such as stress, crack distortion and relative displacement, the crack surface of contact roughness in crack.The related experiment device does not have axial load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, crack grouting under can't Simulation of Complex condition (comprising crack triaxial stress state, crack distortion, fissure-plane relative displacement etc.), the available water pressure of Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism is less, and can not carry out modeling effort to crack grouting shutoff situation under the high-pressure flow regimen condition, can not realize the controlled relative changing of the relative positions of two fissure-planes, do not realize the visual and computer automation control of experimentation, not ideal enough to the simulate effect of the actual slip casting situation in scene.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, crack grouting test unit and the test method of a kind of new complex condition that the present invention proposes, can be implemented in complex conditions and (comprise the crannied body three-dimensional stress state, the crack distortion, fissure-plane relative shear displacement, high-pressure flow water etc.) carry out rough rock crack grouting simulation test and analysis under, test unit has been considered the relative changing of the relative positions of two fissure-planes under the complex stress effect, and crack surface of contact roughness and crevice water flow state are on the impact of slurries diffusion, and realized the visual of experimentation, observe intuitively slurries disperse state and motion path in the crack, and by controlling and measure with the robotization that has realized experimentation being connected of computer control system.
The concrete technical scheme of the crack grouting visualization test device of complex condition of the present invention and test method is:
A kind of crack grouting visualization test device of complex condition comprises that experiment experimental machine framework, crack test specimen slip casting load box, axially load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism, slip casing by pressure system, circulating water are collected measurement mechanism, visualization system;
Described experimental machine framework adopts integrated pouring;
The test specimen slip casting of described crack loads box and is used for placing sample, comprises shear box and down cut box, and upper shear box comprises upper sleeve gasket, and the down cut box comprises lower sleeve gasket; Upper and lower sealing shroud is poured into a mould compression molding by polyurethane material, has respectively cavity, when upper and lower shear box generation relatively moves, the surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket can keep compression seal under the sliding mode, is provided with square viewport, inlet opening and vent port on the upper shear box; Be provided with apopore on the down cut box;
Described axial load maintainer is used for loading axial force to sample, comprise axial loading frame, axial load cylinder and servo oil sources, described axial loading frame comprises entablature, sill and column, axially load cylinder is fixed on the sill, and axially the piston in the load cylinder can apply axial force to the sample that crack test specimen slip casting loads in the box by servo oil sources;
Described tangential load maintainer is used for loading shearing force to sample, comprise tangential loading frame, tangential load cylinder, power sensor, displacement transducer, tangential loading frame is used for carrying tangential load cylinder, and the piston in the tangential load cylinder can apply shearing force to the sample that crack test specimen slip casting loads in the box.
Described confined pressure load maintainer is used for loading confined pressure with the confined pressure effect of simulated formation to sample, comprise the first AC servo motor and the first AC Servo Motor Control device, the first reductor, the first ball-screw, the first pressurization water vat, the first AC servo motor connects the piston of the first pressurization water vat by the first reductor, the first ball-screw, the plunger shaft of the first pressurization water vat connects the cavity of upper and lower sealing shroud, control the pressure of the cavity of upper and lower sealing shroud by the rotation of controlling the first AC servo motor, obtain needed sample confined pressure with this;
Described Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism is used for providing flowing pressure to the sample crack, comprise the second AC servo motor and the second AC Servo Motor Control device, the second reductor, the second ball-screw, the second pressurization water vat, the second servomotor connects the piston of the second pressurization water vat by the second reductor, the second ball-screw, the plunger shaft of the second pressurization water vat connects the test specimen slip casting of described crack and loads box, control the hydraulic pressure that the test specimen slip casting of described crack loads box by the rotation of controlling the second AC servo motor, produce the required hydraulic pressure of specimen test and required flow;
Described slip casing by pressure system comprises the slurries pressurized equipment, slurries injection device and measurement opertaing device, described slurries pressurized equipment comprises slurry container, pressure oil pump and buffer tank, described slurries injection device comprises slurry mixer, grouting pipeline and valve, described measurement opertaing device comprises tensimeter and hydraulic pressure transducer, described slurry container is used for configuration and holds slurries, described pressure oil pump is arranged on the slurry container, be used for the slurries that configure are pressed into buffer tank, described buffer tank is used for keeping the stable of slurries pressure, the pressure surge of avoiding pressure oil pump to bring to slip casting, described buffer tank connects slurry mixer, slurries after voltage stabilizing flow in the slurry mixer, slurries have mixed and have connected successively grouting pipeline and valve, slurries carry out slip casting through grouting pipeline by valve control, described tensimeter and hydraulic pressure transducer are arranged on the grouting pipeline, are used for measuring grouting pressure;
Described circulating water is collected measurement mechanism and is comprised reserve tank, flowmeter, reserve tank loads box down cut box water delivering orifice with crack test specimen slip casting and links to each other, be used for collecting the moving water of crossing from crack test specimen osmotic flow, flowmeter is connected to the test specimen slip casting of described crack and loads on the box down cut box water delivering orifice for the moving water water yield is detected;
Described visualization system comprises Digital Video and the computing machine that is attached thereto, the test specimen slip casting of described crack loads on the box and is provided with square viewport, described Digital Video is arranged on the top of viewport, and described computing machine is used for the observed result of logarithmic code video camera and analyzes and record.
Wherein also comprise servo-control system, described servo-control system comprises that load and displacement detecting and controlling unit, osmotic system measurement and control unit, Full Digitized Servo Control System unit, slip casting load measurement and control unit; Described load and displacement detecting and controlling unit comprise strain gauge and the LVDT extensometer that is arranged on the loading box, are used for measuring perpendicular displacement and the shear displacemant of sample, and draw vertical load and shear-type load according to perpendicular displacement and shear displacemant; Described osmotic system measurement and control unit comprises that being arranged at crack test specimen slip casting loads the water inlet of box and the WG of water delivering orifice, is used for measuring the seepage pressure between water inlet current and the water outlet current; Described slip casting loads measurement and control unit and is used for measuring grouting pressure; Described Full Digitized Servo Control System unit comprises 5 independently numerical control units, controls respectively vertical load, shear load, seepage pressure and grouting pressure according to the measurement result of described load and displacement detecting and controlling unit, described osmotic system measurement and control unit, described Full Digitized Servo Control System unit and described slip casting loading measurement and control unit.
The test specimen job operation can adopt splitting and the stretching method of indoor rock sample, and on-the-spotly in the engineering practice opens up the method for getting coarse fissure-plane and obtain the crack test specimen.Test design method comprises that the first half of selecting suitable transparent class material to copy coarse crack test specimen assigns to replace the prototype test block, and runs through as grouting hole in the boring downwards of test specimen central upper portion, and crack test specimen the latter half is still used the original shape test block.Can realize diffusion process visual in the crack of slurries in the slip casting by the processing of this test specimen and test design method.First pressure water injection makes water-filling in the test specimen of crack in the process of the test, then applies slip casting.Use this class methods, can copy the complete crack of array test specimen by the application class rock material, conversion different tests condition, comparative analysis can be studied respectively crack stress state, crevice water water velocity, fracture opening, serum viscosity using etc. to the impact of slurries diffusion and slip casting effect.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is test unit one-piece construction figure;
Accompanying drawing 2 is that crack test specimen slip casting loads the box structural drawing;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the crack grouting visualization test device fundamental diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the servo-control system block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the schematic diagram of slip casing by pressure system.
Reference numeral is as follows:
The upper shear box of 1-; The 2-upper sleeve gasket; 3-down cut box; The 4-lower sleeve gasket.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings crack grouting visualization test device and the test method of a kind of complex condition of the present invention are further described in detail.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1,3, a kind of crack grouting visualization test device of complex condition can be simulated the Various Complex conditions such as front shear force, confined pressure, hydraulic pressure.Comprise that experiment experimental machine framework, crack test specimen slip casting load box, axially load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism, slip casing by pressure system, circulating water are collected measurement mechanism, visualization system etc.
Load box by crack test specimen slip casting in the experimentation, axial load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, the confined pressure load maintainer is under the complex stress condition crack test specimen, provide flowing pressure by Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism to the crack sample, by the slip casing by pressure system slurries are injected into the prefabricated rock fracture from crack test specimen grouting hole with certain pressure or flow, in this process, can study the stress in crack by the regulation experiment condition, crack distortion and relative shear displacement, water vein pressure and mobile, the fissure-plane contact area, fracture opening, grouting pressure, the crack roughness, fracture connectivity, the factors such as serum viscosity using are on the impact of slurries spread condition in the crack, and by the diffusion of visualization system Real-Time Monitoring slurries and photo tint seepage flow and flow state thereof, collect the water yield of crossing from crack test specimen osmotic flow by the slurries gathering-device, and by further measurement and the disperse state of analyzing the flow velocity and the slurries that obtain water.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, it is 300mm * 300mm * 200mm(height that crack test specimen slip casting loads the box inside dimension).Slip casting loads box and is comprised of shear box up and down, and upper shear box comprises upper sleeve gasket, and the down cut box comprises lower sleeve gasket, and upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket shape and structure are symmetrical; Upper and lower sealing shroud has respectively cavity.Sealing shroud is made liquid rubber by elasticity and the moderate polyurethane of hardness, the cast compression molding.The characteristics such as polyurethane rubber has not only soft but also hard, and it is little to rub.When work, sample is placed in the middle of the sealing shroud, after sample installs, to inject the liquid of certain pressure in the cavity, upper sleeve gasket under pressure, tightly be attached to the sample first half around, and lower sleeve gasket under pressure, tightly be attached to the sample Lower Half around, thereby realized effective sealing.The surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket also has been subject to the pressure close contact simultaneously, has realized sealing.When the shear box generation relatively moved up and down, the surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket still kept compression seal under sliding mode, until O-ring seal disengages.Upper shear box has an inlet opening in order to seep water to the rock sample shear surface, and other has a hole as vent port; The down cut box has an apopore in order to discharge the water that infiltrates in the rock sample shear surface.Confined pressure load to adopt the mode that spiral loads in the test, and is controlled by servomotor and controller and controller, can the multistage controlled constant infiltration confined pressure control of reality.The confined pressure system is by up and down gum cover combination, AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, kinematic train, compressed oil water vat etc.; Servomotor rotates by the control parameter that arranges, and moves the piston of water vat by reductor, ball-screw, kinematic train, makes profit produce required oil pressure.MTP can reach more than the 40MPa.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, it has shown crack grouting visualization test device fundamental diagram among the present invention.As shown in FIG., square viewport is left at upper shear box center, select the prefabricated the first half with crack test specimen of natural fracture joint surface characteristics of suitable transparent class in the test, to realize the visual of the diffusion of photo tint seepage flow and slurries and motion state thereof.By the transparency of material, the mobile image of slurries in the crack can observe by the loading box viewport of top test specimen.Record its diffusion process and connect computing machine by at the top that loads box digital camera equipment being installed, can realize the visual and automatic measurement of slurries diffusion process in the test specimen of crack, for experimental study provides full and accurate valuable data.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the slip casing by pressure system comprises preparation and the container of slurries, the slurries pressurized equipments such as pressure oil pump, buffer tank, the injection devices such as slurry mixer, grouting pipeline and valve, the measuring and controlling such as tensimeter, hydraulic pressure transducer.Tensimeter links to each other with computer control system with the sensor measuring and controlling, utilizes pressurized equipment and injection device to create certain dynamic condition for slurries, makes slurries with the injection fissure-plane of certain pressure or stability of flow.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, device can also comprise servo-control system, it comprises digital control system, critical piece includes digital hyperchannel closed loop measurement and control instrument, load transducer, displacement transducer composition and WG, it consists of a plurality of functional units, comprises that load and displacement detecting and controlling unit, osmotic system measurement and control unit, Full Digitized Servo Control System unit, slip casting load measurement and control unit.Load and displacement detecting and controlling unit comprise strain gauge and LVDT extensometer, and perpendicular displacement is carried out synthesis measuring by being arranged at the LVDT extensometer that loads on the box; Shear displacemant is measured by the LVDT extensometer along the shear direction setting; The osmotic system measurement and control unit is measured the pressure differential of current by the seepage water pressure meter of the water inlet that is arranged at crack test specimen slip casting loading box and water delivering orifice; Confined pressure loading unit measurement and control unit is used for unloading of Control experiment confined pressure and carries control; Slip casting loads measurement and control unit and controls the parameters such as grouting pressure.The Full Digitized Servo Control System unit comprises 5 independently numerical control units, controls vertical load, shear load, seepage pressure, grouting pressure by the closed loop by microcomputer.This device uses 32 AD/DA/DIO change-over panel, and faster travelling speed can be provided, and shortens servo feedback time, improves the observing and controlling precision.
The above; only be the better embodiment of patent of the present invention; but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that patent of the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within the protection domain of patent of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the crack grouting visualization test device of a complex condition is characterized in that: comprise that experiment experimental machine framework, crack test specimen slip casting load box, axially load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism, slip casing by pressure system, circulating water are collected measurement mechanism, visualization system;
Described experimental machine framework adopts integrated pouring;
The test specimen slip casting of described crack loads box and is used for placing sample, comprises shear box and down cut box, and upper shear box comprises upper sleeve gasket, and the down cut box comprises lower sleeve gasket; Upper and lower sealing shroud is poured into a mould compression molding by polyurethane material, has respectively cavity, when upper and lower shear box generation relatively moves, the surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket can keep compression seal under sliding mode, be provided with square viewport, inlet opening and vent port on the upper shear box; Be provided with apopore on the down cut box;
Described axial load maintainer is used for loading axial force to sample, comprise axial loading frame, axial load cylinder and servo oil sources, described axial loading frame comprises entablature, sill and column, axially load cylinder is fixed on the sill, and axially the piston in the load cylinder can apply axial force to the sample that crack test specimen slip casting loads in the box by servo oil sources;
Described tangential load maintainer is used for loading shearing force to sample, comprise tangential loading frame, tangential load cylinder, power sensor, displacement transducer, tangential loading frame is used for carrying tangential load cylinder, and the piston in the tangential load cylinder can apply shearing force to the sample that crack test specimen slip casting loads in the box;
Described confined pressure load maintainer is used for loading confined pressure with the confined pressure effect of simulated formation to sample, comprise the first AC servo motor and the first AC Servo Motor Control device, the first reductor, the first ball-screw, the first pressurization water vat, the first AC servo motor connects the piston of the first pressurization water vat by the first reductor, the first ball-screw, the plunger shaft of the first pressurization water vat connects the cavity of upper and lower sealing shroud, control the pressure of the cavity of upper and lower sealing shroud by the rotation of controlling the first AC servo motor, obtain needed sample confined pressure with this;
Described Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism is used for providing flowing pressure to the sample crack, comprise the second AC servo motor and the second AC Servo Motor Control device, the second reductor, the second ball-screw, the second pressurization water vat, the second AC servo motor connects the piston of the second pressurization water vat by the second reductor, the second ball-screw, the plunger shaft of the second pressurization water vat connects the test specimen slip casting of described crack and loads box, control the hydraulic pressure that the test specimen slip casting of described crack loads box by the rotation of controlling the second AC servo motor, produce the required hydraulic pressure of specimen test and required flow;
Described slip casing by pressure system comprises the slurries pressurized equipment, slurries injection device and measurement opertaing device, described slurries pressurized equipment comprises slurry container, pressure oil pump and buffer tank, described slurries injection device comprises slurry mixer, grouting pipeline and valve, described measurement opertaing device comprises tensimeter and hydraulic pressure transducer, described slurry container is used for configuration and holds slurries, described pressure oil pump is arranged on the slurry container, be used for the slurries that configure are pressed into buffer tank, described buffer tank is used for keeping the stable of slurries pressure, the pressure surge of avoiding pressure oil pump to bring to slip casting, described buffer tank connects slurry mixer, slurries after voltage stabilizing flow in the slurry mixer, slurries have mixed and have connected successively grouting pipeline and valve, slurries carry out slip casting through grouting pipeline by valve control, described tensimeter and hydraulic pressure transducer are arranged on the grouting pipeline, are used for measuring grouting pressure;
Described circulating water is collected measurement mechanism and is comprised reserve tank, flowmeter, reserve tank loads box down cut box water delivering orifice with crack test specimen slip casting and links to each other, be used for collecting the moving water of crossing from crack test specimen osmotic flow, flowmeter is connected to the test specimen slip casting of described crack and loads on the box down cut box water delivering orifice for the moving water water yield is detected;
Described visualization system comprises Digital Video and the computing machine that is attached thereto, the test specimen slip casting of described crack loads on the box and is provided with square viewport, described Digital Video is arranged on the top of viewport, and described computing machine is used for the observed result of logarithmic code video camera and analyzes and record.
2. crack grouting visualization test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein also comprise servo-control system, described servo-control system comprises that load and displacement detecting and controlling unit, osmotic system measurement and control unit, Full Digitized Servo Control System unit, slip casting load measurement and control unit; Described load and displacement detecting and controlling unit comprise strain gauge and the LVDT extensometer that is arranged on the loading box, are used for measuring perpendicular displacement and the shear displacemant of sample, and draw vertical load and shear-type load according to perpendicular displacement and shear displacemant; Described osmotic system measurement and control unit comprises that being arranged at crack test specimen slip casting loads the water inlet of box and the WG of water delivering orifice, is used for measuring the seepage pressure between water inlet current and the water outlet current; Described slip casting loads measurement and control unit and is used for measuring grouting pressure; Described Full Digitized Servo Control System unit comprises 5 independently numerical control units, controls respectively vertical load, shear load, seepage pressure and grouting pressure according to the measurement result of described load and displacement detecting and controlling unit, described osmotic system measurement and control unit, described Full Digitized Servo Control System unit and described slip casting loading measurement and control unit.
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