CN102394501A - Energy-saving method and device based on power grid load dynamic balance - Google Patents
Energy-saving method and device based on power grid load dynamic balance Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for performing on-load scheduling on a single-phase load in the intelligent power grid field. A master controller is mounted at an input end of a three-phase wire, a secondary controller is mounted at each single-phase branch of the wire, and the master controller exchanges information with the secondary controllers through communication interfaces. When the wire power unbalanced degree is over limit, the master controller optimizes and formulates a control scheme to operate the secondary controllers to convert the single-phase load between the phases; in the conversion process, the load is free from instant power off, and the power grid is free from impact and interference; and therefore, the distribution circuit dynamically runs in a load balance state, the unbalanced consumption problem of the circuit is completely solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the intelligent grid technical field of automation, relating to electric load has the method and apparatus that carries commutation, especially a kind of through the energy-conservation brand new technical of control load dynamic equilibrium realization.
Background technology
The end user of electric power system comprises a large amount of single-phase loads, especially commerce and civilian installation: like electric warming installation, air conditioner, electric heater, refrigerator, lighting installation, Business Machine, and computer and various household electrical appliance.Its quantity is more and more, and power is increasing, and increasingly high to power supply reliability and power supply quality requirement, the randomness of need for electricity is also more and more stronger, and this makes that the imbalance problem of power distribution network low-pressure side three-phase load is more and more serious.
As everyone knows, because the fail safe of the imbalance of three-phase voltage entail dangers to distribution network that causes of three-phase load imbalance and power consumption equipment operation, influence the reliability of relaying protection system.
Distribution network three-phase load imbalance is the key factor that increases line loss.Theory analysis and in-site measurement all confirm: same distribution line is that line loss rate under 100% state is 6 to 15 times under the load balancing state at load unbalanced degree.Reduce line loss through balanced load, the very big energy saving space is arranged.
In the face of the three-phase load imbalance problem, the measure of generally taking both at home and abroad at present is the so-called static allocation method that on three phase network, evenly disposes single-phase load as far as possible.In the face of the change and the randomness of electricity consumption time of load, this static allocation method is owing to the load that can not tackle frequent change, and its drawback is more and more obvious.
The employing compensation method is also arranged, as: inject reactive power to the Voltage unbalance node, regulating three-phase voltage respectively is to use idle regulation voltage with its essence of method (like Chinese patent CN2924883Y) that realizes the balance of voltage, exchanges the balance of voltage for to increase active loss.
Also the SVC technology transplant of handlebar electrifing railway supply station employing is a kind of method of transient state compensation impact load with the method (like Chinese patent CN1450704A) that solves the transient state imbalance of three-phase voltage to low-voltage distribution network; But complex equipments is expensive; Be not suitable for the load pattern of low-voltage distribution network, do not have energy-saving effect yet.
Chinese patent CN 101286654A has proposed a kind of with Voltage unbalance degree do control parameter, and each single-phase load is changed with 6 combination switches, tries to achieve the three-phase voltage balance in the method for alternate conversion 10% load at every turn.Which load but is this patent to the key issue of load balancing method: how to select change? How to carry out on-line conversion? How to take into account gains merit does not all relate to idle.Bear outage if the conversion load must be accompanied by, the practicality of this conversion plan is just very poor.
Idle actual be a kind of uncompensated load, Voltage unbalance that it causes and line loss also are extremely tangible, have only meritorious and idle unified implementation load balancing, just can make power system operation in state the most efficiently.
Relation between Voltage unbalance degree and the uncompensated load is influenced by the internal resistance of source, is difficult to embody load unbalanced line loss situation, more can't take into account meritorious and idle balance; Method at alternate conversion 10% load lacks theoretical the support at every turn; Also be difficult to avoid the outage puzzlement with common combination switch conversion load; These all are the key issues that load dynamic equilibrium must solve.
Just because of lacking load the equipment that carries commutation is arranged, also lack the theory of the dynamic equilibrium of loading, tackle load unbalanced problem at present and adopt the static balancing method always.
The present invention is a hardware so that the phase-change switch of carrying to be arranged, and is software with the load balancing algorithm, makes load dynamic equilibrium become possibility.
The optimal running status of electric power system is that the three-phase voltage amplitude equates, 120 ° of phase differences, and the three-phase current amplitude equates, with the three-phase voltage same-phase.The present invention is for realizing that above target provides a kind of effective method.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of in the intelligent grid field; Single-phase load is carried out the method and apparatus of Real-Time Scheduling,, have idling to change alternate through load to solve the deficiency of technical scheme in the past; Realize three-phase load dynamic equilibrium, thereby make the power distribution network real time execution in the optimum load distribution state.
Load autobalance battery saving arrangement is made up of from controlling device with many a main controller; A main controller is installed in (for example distribution transformer three-phase bus exit or every three-phase feeder line are to single-phase feeder line cross board place) on the electrical network triple line; Make three-phase to the uniline bifurcation of load transition in each desire of this circuit and install one from the control device; The three-phase four-wire system incoming line is connected to from control device input; Single-phase load is connected to from control device output, main controller with from the control device through the communication interface exchange message.
The control parameter of this device is the three-phase power imbalance degree; But like the pure load or burden without work (capacitor or reactor) that switching is housed on the Be Controlled circuit; Two components of active power and reactive power are all implemented Balance Control; But, only active power is implemented Balance Control to there not being the pure load or burden without work of switching on the Be Controlled circuit.
Respectively measure the load parameters such as voltage, electric current, power, electric weight of self single-phase load from the control device, and these parameters together with current power supply phase line and self address report to main controller; Load parameters such as the voltage of main controller measurement three-phase line, electric current, power, electric weight; And rated output degree of unbalance; Surpass the control gate preset in limited time when main controller monitors the power degree of unbalance, go out load adjustment scheme, handle from the control device and load in alternate adjustment according to situation optimization of all fronts road internal loading; Make controlled electrical network dynamic operation in poised state, thereby reduce line loss.
From the control device by measurement module, microsystem, control interface, communication interface with form by a year phase-change switch.Measure the load parameters such as single-phase voltage, electric current, power and electric weight of this load from the control device; The logical address of oneself; Power supply phase line and load parameter report to main controller; And carry out the steering command that main controller is sent, driving has the phase-change switch of carrying to realize that under off-position not single-phase load do not changing between the isopen.Commutation process does not have momentary power failure to load, and electrical network is not impacted interference.
Main controller is made up of measurement module, microsystem, control interface, communication interface.Main controller receives the information that reports from the control device, and the phase-splitting record is from the address and the load parameter of control device; Main controller is measured three-phase voltage, electric current, power and the electric weight of Be Controlled circuit, from the load parameter of control device, optimizes the load transition strategy that the best with reference to respectively, and handles from the control device and implement corresponding load transfer; Main controller passes through to measure the operating effect of the variation monitoring of three-phase load from the control device, and calculates, writes down the line loss value and the line loss rate of Be Controlled circuit in real time.
Technical characterstic of the present invention and effect
As controlling object, adopting has the phase-change switch of carrying that uniform dispatching is made in burden with power and load or burden without work, realizes the three-phase load optimal allocation with the power degree of unbalance in the present invention; All control operation is not all being implemented under the off-position, and the user can not receive the puzzlement that has a power failure, and the meritorious and idle dynamic balance state that is in all the time of circuit fundamentally solves the load unbalanced puzzlement of supply line.
Embodiment of the present invention is especially complicated as loads such as government bodies, military installations, financial institution, large-scale office building, hotel, hospitals to power consumer, and the user responsive to momentary power failure can obtain effect energy-conservation and the raising power supply reliability; Can obtain economic benefits such as lowering line loss, raising ability to transmit electricity, raising power supply quality, raising power supply reliability to power supply enterprise.
In fact, main controller can replace present platform district gauge table meter; From control device instead electric supply meter; The circuit breaker that carries the protection of phase-change switch instead user side branched line is arranged; The reactive-load compensation equipment in reactive balance equipment instead transformer exit is easy to realize local compensation again, and its energy-saving effect is much better than present centralized compensation mode.Implementing low-voltage load autobalance power saving apparatus and can not show increase distribution cost, is the good novel power saving technology of a kind of ratio of performance to price.
Description of drawings
The present invention has seven accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing one: based on the energy conserving system structure chart of network load dynamic equilibrium.
Accompanying drawing two: main controller structure chart.
Accompanying drawing three: from control device structure chart.
Accompanying drawing four: the phase-change switch structure chart of carrying is arranged.
Accompanying drawing five: the phase-change switch driver block diagram of carrying is arranged.
Accompanying drawing six: the phase-change switch schematic diagram of carrying is arranged.
Accompanying drawing seven: the on-the-spot record of the commutation transient process of carrying ripple figure is arranged
Concrete implementation method
Illustration below in conjunction with the concrete implementation method of description of drawings the present invention:
Accompanying drawing one: the energy conserving system structure chart based on network load dynamic equilibrium has shown this overall system configuration and wiring.
Load autobalance battery saving arrangement is made up of from controlling device with many a main controller; A main controller is installed in (for example distribution transformer three-phase bus exit or every three-phase feeder line are to single-phase feeder line cross board place) on the electrical network triple line; Make three-phase to the uniline bifurcation of load transition in each desire of this circuit and respectively install one from the control device; The three-phase four-wire system incoming line is connected to from control device input; Single-phase load is connected to from control device output, main controller with from the control device through the communication interface exchange message.
The control parameter of this device is the three-phase power imbalance degree, but like the Be Controlled circuit the pure load or burden without work (capacitor or reactor) of switching is housed, and two components of active power and reactive power are implemented all Balance Control; But the Be Controlled circuit is not had the circuit of the pure load or burden without work of switching, only active power is implemented Balance Control.
Respectively measure the load parameters such as voltage, electric current, power, electric weight of self single-phase load from the control device, and these parameters together with current power supply phase line and self address report to main controller; Load parameters such as the voltage of main controller measurement three-phase line, electric current, power, electric weight, and rated output degree of unbalance.Surpass the control gate preset in limited time when main controller monitors the power degree of unbalance, go out load adjustment scheme, handle from the control device and load, make controlled electrical network dynamic operation in poised state in alternate adjustment according to situation optimization of all fronts road internal loading, thus the reduction line loss.
Accompanying drawing two: the main controller structure chart shows main controller internal structure and operation principle thereof:
Main controller is made up of electric-power metering module, microsystem, control interface and communication interface.
The voltage input end of electric-power metering module is connected to low-voltage distribution network A, B, C, 4 feeder lines of N; Current input terminal is connected to the secondary side terminals of busbar current transformer CTa, CTb, CTc; Computation chip can adopt typical kilowatt-hour meter chip, like 3 CS5463 or 1 ADE7878 etc., all can satisfy the requirement of measuring accuracy and reliability.The electric-power metering module also offers microsystem to the three-phase voltage, electric current, power, the electric quantity data that measure except that realizing common kilowatt-hour meter function, implement load balancing control according to these parameters, calculates line loss value and line loss rate.
Microsystem can adopt any SCM system, as long as suitable computing and storage resources are arranged, has good Electro Magnetic Compatibility to meet the demands, like PIC or MCS series monolithic.
Control interface adopts optical isolator spare to do system's isolation to improve Electro Magnetic Compatibility.
Communication interface can adopt RS232 or 485 interfaces; Telecommunication can adopt cable, optical cable or wireless module.
Main controller receives the information that reports from the control device from communication interface, and the phase-splitting record is from the address and the load parameter of control device.
Microsystem except that the functional requirement that satisfies electric-power metering, real-time rated output degree of unbalance.When degree of unbalance surpasses predefined thresholding, microcomputer starts simulation calculation, the adjustment scheme of brake load balance.
Microsystem is handled from the control device through communication interface and is carried out load transfer, handles < fling-cut switch>switched capacitor through control interface.
The optimized Algorithm of load transfer strategy is followed the minimum principle of power degree of unbalance after pursuing load transfer under the constraints of transfer operation least number of times, by microcomputer emulation is carried out in the various possible combinations of loading, and seeks preferred plan.
Below the step of load adjustment strategy is confirmed in explanation:
The load transfer simulation algorithm is handled respectively active power and reactive power, at first adjusts to balance as far as possible to burden with power, adjusts to each phase load or burden without work as far as possible little then.
Wattful power is taken the lead in adopting direct Move Mode, adopts exchange model to carry out emulation then:
(1) meritorious direct Move Mode:
1. calculate three-phase positive sequence active power value.
2. calculate the poor of each phase active power and positive sequence active power respectively, i.e. the goal displacement amount.On the occasion of this value that need produce mutually+Δ p of expression, negative value is represented this value that need change over to mutually-Δ p.
3. if the phase that has two needs to change over to changes over to each respectively and carries out simulation calculation mutually.
4. to need the amount of changing over to+Δ p, each load of search in all produce mutually, seek and+the immediate load of Δ p is as transfer object.Produce with change over to mutually between do and once shift emulation, form new load combination.
5. to this new load combination, calculate the active power degree of unbalance once more.Less than the preceding degree of unbalance of conversion, then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme like calculated value.Note this scheme and corresponding degree of unbalance thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation.
6. need change over to other and carry out the simulation calculation of step 2 to 6 mutually, note corresponding adoptable scheme.
7. the simulation calculation of recall step 1 to 7 no longer restrains until the degree of unbalance of new load combination.
(2) meritorious exchange model:
8. to each load L (i) that need change phase over to, all need produce in the phase load search the most approaching with the difference that this changes phase load over to+the load L (k) of Δ p, change over to produce mutually between do the emulation of exchanging of L (i) and L (k).
9. calculate the active power degree of unbalance after exchanging.As less than the degree of unbalance before exchanging, then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme.Note this scheme and corresponding degree of unbalance thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation.
10. need change over to other and carry out the simulation calculation of step 8 to 9 mutually, note corresponding adoptable scheme.
11. the simulation calculation of repeating step 8 to 10, the degree of unbalance that makes up until new load no longer restrains, or degree of unbalance meets the demands.
Carry out reactive power equilibrium emulation then.Reactive power is that positive phase should drop into shunt capacitor, and reactive power should be excised shunt capacitor for negative phase.
At first carry out three symmetrical emulation, carry out single-phase conversion emulation then, carry out single-phase switching emulation at last.
(3) the reactive power symmetric part is carried out balance emulation:
12. reactive power is calculated in phase-splitting.When three phase reactive power be entirely on the occasion of the time, minimum value+Qmin wherein is exactly the input controlled quentity controlled variable that three-phase is mended altogether, the selection capacity carries out three-phase near the capacitor of 3 times+Qmin and drops into emulation from idle corner connection electric capacity; When three phase reactive power was negative value entirely, maximum-Qmax wherein was exactly the excision controlled quentity controlled variable that three-phase is mended altogether, and the selection capacity carries out three-phase excision emulation near the capacitor of 3 times-Qmax from the corner connection electric capacity of operation; Reactive power is calculated in phase-splitting, as than the reactive power value before the adjustment more near ' zero ', then this transfer scheme is adoptable scheme.Note this scheme and corresponding reactive power value thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation.
13. repeat the simulation calculation of repeating step 12, the reactive power that makes up until new load no longer restrains.Each mutually remaining reactive power becomes asymmetric idle adjustment amount after the emulation of this step.
(4) the asymmetric part of reactive power is carried out balance emulation:
14. just have when negative when the three phase reactive power value has, three-phase is idle all to be asymmetric idle adjustment amount, the asymmetric idle adjustment amount that forms with step 13 back adopts identical simulation algorithm, and on the occasion of for dropping into controlled quentity controlled variable, negative value is the excision controlled quentity controlled variable.If there are 2 to drop into phase, begin emulation mutually from one of them input earlier:
15. directly shift: select the middle mutually capacity of excision and drop into the immediate single-phase electricity container of controlled quentity controlled variable; Carry out from excision to the transfer emulation that drops into phase; More near ' zero ', then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme like the reactive power of the reactive power after the emulation before than emulation.Note this scheme and corresponding reactive power value thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation.
16. then another is dropped into the emulation of phase repeating step 15.
(5) directly switching single-phase electricity container emulation:
17. direct the input: when directly desired value was not still satisfied as dropping into controlled quentity controlled variable in the transfer back, the most approaching capacitor that drops into controlled quentity controlled variable of selection capacity dropped into emulation mutually to input from idle single-phase electricity container; As excise controlled quentity controlled variable when still not satisfying desired value, from excision mutually the single-phase electricity container of operation the selection capacity excise emulation near the capacitor of excision controlled quentity controlled variable; More near ' zero ', then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme like the reactive power of the reactive power after the emulation after than step 16.Note this scheme and corresponding reactive power thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation.
18. repeat the simulation calculation of repeating step 14 to 17, no longer restrain or meet the demands until the reactive power of new load combination.
19. if single-phase electricity container input is all arranged on the three-phase after the emulation, and capacity can with idle corner connection capacitor coupling, then drop into the emulation that this corner connection capacitor is replaced out corresponding single-phase electricity container.
(6) schemes synthesis
In the adoptable adjustment scheme of all noting, remove the scheme of mutual contradiction and the scheme of repetition, confirm the final scheme of load adjustment based on the constraints of practical operation least number of times.
(7) checking
Whether main controller is according to the adjustment scheme, and manipulation is implemented load transition from the control device accordingly, and the reception feedback information that work is beamed back from control device completion behaviour back, remeasures adjusted power degree of unbalance of load and reactive power, successful with affirmation adjustment this time.
As but the pure load or burden without work of switching is housed on the Be Controlled circuit, prioritization scheme is implemented all simulation layer operations of () to (seven), but as there not being the pure load or burden without work of switching on the circuit, prioritization scheme omits (three) to (five), implements all the other emulation jobs
Simultaneously, the meritorious electric weight that main controller is uploaded from control device or kilowatt-hour meter with meritorious electric weight and the user side of metering itself subtracts each other, and calculates and note to add up line loss value and line loss rate.
Accompanying drawing three: shown from control device internal structure and function thereof from control device structure chart:
From the control device by electric-power metering module, microsystem, control interface, communication interface with form by a year phase-change switch.
The voltage input end of electric-power metering module is connected to " phase-change switch of carrying is arranged " output P, N is last; Current input terminal is connected to the secondary side terminals of current transformer CT; Computation chip can adopt typical single-phase watt-hour meter chip, can satisfy the requirement of measuring accuracy and reliability like CS5463.The electric-power metering module also offers microsystem to the voltage of this load, electric current, power, all parameters of electric weight except that implementing common kilowatt-hour meter function, report main controller through communication interface.
Microsystem can adopt any SCM system, as long as suitable computing and storage resources are arranged, has good Electro Magnetic Compatibility to meet the demands, like PIC or MCS series monolithic.
Communication interface can adopt RS232 or 485 interfaces; Far-end communication can be adopted cable, optical cable or wireless module.
Microsystem is except that the functional requirement that satisfies electric-power metering, and also being responsible for manipulation has the phase-change switch of carrying to implement a load transition.
Control interface adopts optical isolator spare to do system's isolation to improve Electro Magnetic Compatibility.
Accompanying drawing four: have the phase-change switch structure chart of carrying to show switch internal structure and operation principle thereof:
Form by circuit breaker, commutation electronic switch, mechanical switch, drive control module, control interface, keyboard and display by carrying phase-change switch.
Three-phase four-wire system incoming line A, B, C phase line are connected to the circuit breaker respective input, and the A of circuit breaker, B, C phase output terminal connect No. three phase-change switch inputs respectively; Every road phase-change switch is parallelly connected with electronic power switch by mechanical switch, and the electronic power switch of every phase is made up of 2 silicon controlled rectifier Qa1 and Qa2, Qb1 and Qb2, Qc1 and Qc2 reverse parallel connection in this example, and additional absorption assembly and piezo-resistance are protected; Mechanical switch adopts single-phase contactor RL_a, RL_b, RL_c; Every contactor is with the on off operating mode transducer; No. three phase-change switch outputs link together, and have been connected to carry phase-change switch output P, and input center line N has been directly connected to and has carried phase-change switch output N; Single-phase load is connected on lead-out terminal P and the N.
Drive closure and the disconnection of controlling electronic power switch and mechanical switch with control module, implement and carry the commutation operation.Keyboard is used for manual operation has the phase-change switch of carrying, and display is used to show a year phase-change switch operating state, and control interface is used for and the microsystem exchange message, carries out straighforward operation.
Accompanying drawing five: have and carry the control logic that phase-change switch driver block diagram has shown drive control module:
Step 1 is to 8: the operating state of the real-time monitoring of phase-change switch own and the input operation signal of carrying arranged, and the input of locking immediately circuit breaker avoids occurring phase fault when ' the contact illegal state ' of two phase mechanical contacts while closure occurring; When ' input signal is illegal ' of the above operational order of two-way occurring simultaneously, refusal is accepted operational order.And if only if ' contact state ' and ' input signal ' when all legal, and " phase-change switch of carrying is arranged " just can be operated, and implements following 12 operations:
For example: A drops into operational order mutually and is ' A '; It is ' B ' that B drops into operational order; C drops into operational order mutually and is ' C '; The excision operational order is ' T '.
Step 9 is to 15: when the mutually mechanical junction closure of A (load is supplied power by A mutually) is only arranged, can carry out 3 operations:
1. when input B drops into operational order ' B ' mutually, loading from the A phase transformation to the B phase.
2. when input C drops into operational order ' C ' mutually, loading from the A phase transformation to the C phase.
3. when operational order ' T ' is excised in input, excise load mutually from A.
Step 16 is to 22: when the mutually mechanical junction closure of B (load is supplied power by B mutually) is only arranged, can carry out 3 operations:
4. when input A drops into operational order ' A ' mutually, loading from the B phase transformation to the A phase.
5. when input C drops into operational order ' C ' mutually, loading from the B phase transformation to the C phase.
6. when operational order ' T ' is excised in input, excise load mutually from B.
Step 23 is to 29: when the mutually mechanical junction closure of C (load is supplied power by C mutually) is only arranged, can carry out 3 operations:
7. when input A drops into operational order ' A ' mutually, loading from the C phase transformation to the A phase.
8. when input B drops into operational order ' B ' mutually, loading from the C phase transformation to the B phase.
9. when operational order ' T ' is excised in input, excise load mutually from C.
Step 30 is to 35: when not having mechanical contacts closed (not load), can carry out 3 operations:
10. when input A drops into operational order ' A ' mutually, throw into the A phase to load.
11. when input B drops into operational order ' B ' mutually, throw into the B phase to load.
12. when input C drops into operational order ' C ' mutually, throw into the C phase to load.
Accompanying drawing six: the operation principle of carrying phase-change switch schematic diagram display switch is arranged.
12 above-mentioned operation merger are three basic manipulation modes: load drops into, load excision and alternate load transition operation.
1. the principle of accompanying drawing 6A instruction book phase load input operation: (dropping into mutually with A is example) makes A phase electronic power switch zero passage closed at t1 constantly, and the A phase line begins the load power supply.In t2 mutually mechanical switch closure of A and electronic power switch parallel running constantly, break off A phase electronic power switch constantly at t3, keep A by mechanical switch and supply power mutually, accomplish load and drop into operation.
2. the principle of accompanying drawing 6B instruction book phase load excision operation: (cut out mutually be example with A) excision preload makes A phase electronic power switch closed at t1, with the mutually mechanical switch in parallel operation of A by the A phase mechanical switch power supply of closure constantly.Break off A phase mechanical switch constantly at t2, keep A by A phase electronic power switch and supply power mutually,, accomplish load excision operation at t3 zero passage disconnection constantly A phase electronic power switch.
3. the principle of the alternate conversion operations of accompanying drawing 6C instruction book phase load: (is example with A to B phase transformation)
The conversion preload makes A phase electronic power switch closed by the A phase mechanical switch power supply of closure at t1 constantly, with the mutually mechanical switch in parallel operation of A.Break off A phase mechanical switch constantly at t2, keep A by A phase electronic power switch and supply power mutually, break off A phase electronic power switch constantly at t3; Closed B phase electronic power switch of while; Make B replace A to be the load power supply mutually mutually, at t4 closed B phase mechanical switch of the moment, with B electronic power switch parallel running mutually; Break off B phase electronic power switch constantly at t5, accomplish the conversion of load from A to B phase.
Accompanying drawing seven: have the on-the-spot record of year commutation process ripple figure to show that implementing this patent has the transient process of carrying commutation:
Because electronic power switch has used the zero passage switch technology, in switching and conversion load process, can not produce rush of current and switching overvoltage, there is not momentary power failure phenomenon in the load transition process.Record ripple figure is that the device of implementing this patent is recorded in confirmatory experiment.
Accompanying drawing seven A, B have shown the transient process of the inductive load being implemented positive phase sequence and negative-phase sequence commutation.
Accompanying drawing seven C, D have shown the transient process of condensive load being implemented positive phase sequence and negative-phase sequence commutation.
Accompanying drawing seven E, F have shown the transient process of resistive load being implemented positive phase sequence and negative-phase sequence commutation.
Accompanying drawing seven G, H have shown the transient process of under the microcomputer running status, implementing positive phase sequence and negative-phase sequence commutation.
Passage 1 is a load current among the record ripple figure, and passage 2 is load voltages.
Claims (6)
1. one kind based on the control power distribution network self balancing energy saver of loading; It is characterized in that: load autobalance battery saving arrangement is made up of from controlling device with many a main controller; A main controller is installed in (for example distribution transformer three-phase bus exit or every three-phase feeder line are to single-phase feeder line cross board place) on the electrical network triple line; Make three-phase to the uniline bifurcation of load transition in each desire of this circuit and install one from the control device; The three-phase four-wire system incoming line is connected to from control device input, and single-phase load is connected to from control device output, main controller with from the control device through the communication interface exchange message; The control parameter of this device is the three-phase power imbalance degree; But like the pure load or burden without work (capacitor or reactor) that switching is housed on the Be Controlled circuit; Two components of active power and reactive power are all implemented Balance Control; But, only active power is implemented Balance Control as there not being the pure load or burden without work of switching on the Be Controlled circuit; Respectively measure the load parameters such as voltage, electric current, power, electric weight of self single-phase load from the control device, and these parameters together with current power supply phase line and self address report to main controller; Load parameters such as the voltage of main controller measurement three-phase line, electric current, power, electric weight; And rated output degree of unbalance; Surpass the control gate preset in limited time when main controller monitors the power degree of unbalance, go out load adjustment scheme, handle from the control device and load in alternate adjustment according to situation optimization of all fronts road internal loading; Make controlled electrical network dynamic operation in poised state, thereby reduce line loss.
2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, from the control device by measurement module, microsystem, control interface, communication interface with form by a year phase-change switch; Measure the single-phase load parameter of this load from the control device; The logical address of oneself; Current power supply phase line reports to main controller with the load parameter of measuring in real time through communication interface; And carry out the operational order that main controller is sent, driving has the phase-change switch of carrying to realize that under off-position not single-phase load do not changing between the isopen.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that main controller is made up of measurement module, microsystem, control interface and communication interface; Main controller receives the information that reports from the control device, and the phase-splitting record is respectively from controlling the address and the load parameter of device; Main controller is measured three-phase voltage, electric current, power and the electric weight of this circuit through metering module; Measured value is sent into microsystem; Microsystem is when carrying out electric-power metering, and also real-time monitor power degree of unbalance is formulated the load transition strategy; Manipulation is implemented corresponding load transfer from the control device, handles the fling-cut switch switched capacitor; Main controller passes through the operating effect of the variation monitoring of measurement circuitry three-phase load from the control device, and calculates the line loss value and the line loss rate of minute book bar circuit in real time.
4. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the algorithm of main controller optimization load adjustment scheme is: first simulation layer does directly to shift emulation to load active power, that is: step 1 is calculated positive sequence three phases active power value; Step 2 calculates the poor of each phase active power and positive sequence active power respectively, i.e. value-Δ p that goal displacement amount, negative value represent to produce this phase need change the value+Δ p of this phase on the occasion of expression; Step 3 is if the phase that has two needs to change over to changes over to each respectively and carries out simulation calculation mutually; Step 4, to the needs amount of changing over to+Δ p, each load of search in all produce mutually, seek with+immediate the load of Δ p as transfer object, produce with change over to mutually between do and once shift emulation, form new load and make up; Step 5 to this new load combination, is calculated the active power degree of unbalance once more, and like the degree of unbalance of calculated value less than step 1, then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme, notes this scheme and corresponding degree of unbalance thereof, otherwise abandons this emulation; Step 6 changes over to other and to carry out the simulation calculation of step 4 to 5 mutually, notes corresponding adoptable scheme; Step 7, the simulation calculation of repeating step 1 to 6, the degree of unbalance of loading until new combination no longer restrains; Second simulation layer does to exchange transfer emulation to load active power; That is: step 8; Change each load L (i) of phase over to needs; All need produce in the phase load search the most approaching with the difference that this changes phase load over to+the load L (k) of Δ p, change over to produce mutually between do the emulation of exchanging of L (i) and L (k); Step 9 is calculated the active power degree of unbalance after exchanging.Less than the degree of unbalance after the step 7, then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme like calculated value.Note this scheme and corresponding degree of unbalance thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation; Step 10 changes over to other and to carry out the simulation calculation of step 8 to 9 mutually, notes corresponding adoptable scheme; Step 11, the simulation calculation of repeating step 8 to 10, the degree of unbalance that makes up until new load no longer restrains, or degree of unbalance meets the demands; The 3rd simulation layer carries out switching emulation to reactive load power symmetric part; That is: step 12; Calculate reactive power, when three phase reactive power be entirely on the occasion of the time, minimum value Qmin wherein is exactly three symmetrical input controlled quentity controlled variables; Search for its capacity and once drop into symmetrical load or burden without work emulation near the idle corner connection capacitor of 3 times of Qmin, the reactive power of each phase becomes asymmetric idle input controlled quentity controlled variable after the emulation; When three phase reactive power is negative value entirely; Maximum-Qmax wherein is exactly three symmetrical idle excision controlled quentity controlled variables; Search for its capacity and do the emulation of once resecting symmetry load or burden without work near the operating corner connection capacitor of 3 times-Qmax, the reactive power of each phase becomes asymmetric idle excision controlled quentity controlled variable after the emulation; Recomputate reactive power, if than the reactive power before this emulation more near ' zero ', then be recorded as adoptable scheme, otherwise abandon this emulation; Step 13, the simulation calculation of repeating step 12, the reactive power that makes up until new load no longer restrains.Each mutually remaining reactive power becomes asymmetric idle adjustment amount after the emulation of this step; The 4th simulation layer directly shifts emulation to the asymmetric part of reactive load power, that is: step 14 just has when negative when the three phase reactive power value has; Three-phase is idle all to be asymmetric idle adjustment controlled quentity controlled variable; Adopt identical simulation algorithm with the asymmetric idle switching controlled quentity controlled variable that forms after step 13 emulation, symbol be positive be to drop into controlled quentity controlled variable, symbol for negative be the excision controlled quentity controlled variable; If any a plurality of input phases, earlier from wherein one beginning emulation mutually; Step 15; In excision mutually; The operating single-phase electricity container that the selection capacity drops into controlled quentity controlled variable near input mutually carries out from excision recomputating reactive power to the load transfer emulation that drops into phase, if than the reactive power before the emulation more near ' zero '; Then be recorded as adoptable scheme, otherwise abandon this emulation; Step 16, the emulation that then another is dropped into phase repeating step 15; The emulation of the direct switching single-phase electricity of the 5th simulation layer container, that is: step 17, as dropping into controlled quentity controlled variable when still not satisfying desired value, the selection capacity drops into emulation near the capacitor that drops into controlled quentity controlled variable to dropping into mutually from idle single-phase electricity container; As excise controlled quentity controlled variable when still not satisfying desired value; The selection capacity excises emulation near the capacitor that excises controlled quentity controlled variable from the single-phase electricity container that excision moves mutually; More near ' zero ', then this time transfer scheme is adoptable scheme like the reactive power of the reactive power after the emulation after than step 16.Note this scheme and corresponding reactive power thereof, otherwise abandon this emulation; Step 18, the emulation of repeating step 14 to 17, the reactive power of loading until new combination no longer restrains, or meets the demands; Step 19, if three-phase all has single-phase electricity container input, and its capacity can with idle corner connection capacitor coupling, then drop into the emulation that this corner connection capacitor is replaced out corresponding single-phase electricity container; The 6th simulation layer schemes synthesis is removed the scheme of mutual contradiction and the scheme of repetition in the adoptable adjustment scheme of all noting, confirm the final scheme of load adjustment according to the constraints of practical operation least number of times; Whether the 7th simulation layer is verified main controller according to the adjustment scheme, handles accordingly and implements load transition from the control device, and receive the feedback information of beaming back behind the device complete operation from controlling, and remeasures the adjusted power degree of unbalance of load, successful to confirm adjustment this time; As but the pure load or burden without work of switching is housed on the Be Controlled circuit; Prioritization scheme is implemented the operation of whole first to the 7th simulation layers; But as there not being the pure load or burden without work of switching on the Be Controlled circuit, prioritization scheme omits the 3rd to the 5th simulation layer, implements the operation of all the other simulation layers.
5. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is made up of circuit breaker, commutation electronic power switch, mechanical switch, drive control module, control interface, keyboard and display by carrying phase-change switch; Three-phase four-wire system input A, B, C phase line are connected respectively to the circuit breaker respective input; The A of circuit breaker, B, C phase output terminal connect No. three phase-change switch inputs respectively; Every road phase-change switch is parallelly connected with electronic power switch by mechanical switch; No. three phase-change switch outputs link together, and have been connected to carry phase-change switch output P.Input center line N has been directly connected to and has carried phase-change switch output N.Single-phase load is connected on lead-out terminal P, and N is last; Drive closure and the disconnection of controlling electronic switch and mechanical switch with control module, realize that load has the commutation of carrying; Keyboard is used for manual operation has the phase-change switch of carrying, and display is used to show a year phase-change switch operating state, and control interface is used for and the microsystem exchange message, carries out straighforward operation.
6. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, has the operation principle of carrying phase-change switch to be: pass through closed mechanical switch mutually under the load power supply state in current power supply; At first, the electronic power switch of closed current power supply phase is with current power supply mechanical switch parallel running mutually; Break off the mechanical switch of current power supply phase behind the suitable time-delay, keep power supply, break off the electronic power switch of current power supply phase behind the suitable time-delay at synchronization by electronic power switch; Closure desires to go to the electronic power switch of phase; Make to desire to go to replace current power supply to be the load power supply mutually mutually, the closed mechanical switch of desiring to go to phase behind the suitable time-delay is with the electronic power switch parallel running of desiring to go to mutually; Break off the electronic power switch of desiring to go to phase behind the suitable time-delay, accomplish and load from current power supply mutually to the conversion of desiring to go to phase.
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| CN201110065493.3A CN102394501B (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | Energy-saving method and device based on power grid load dynamic balance |
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| CN201110065493.3A CN102394501B (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | Energy-saving method and device based on power grid load dynamic balance |
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