CN102375467A - Power control device and method - Google Patents
Power control device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102375467A CN102375467A CN2010102589934A CN201010258993A CN102375467A CN 102375467 A CN102375467 A CN 102375467A CN 2010102589934 A CN2010102589934 A CN 2010102589934A CN 201010258993 A CN201010258993 A CN 201010258993A CN 102375467 A CN102375467 A CN 102375467A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power control device, which is used for tracking the maximum power point of a power generating component. The power control device comprises a sensing unit, a sampling and maintaining unit, a comparing and judging unit and a voltage converter. The sensing unit is used for generating a voltage sensing valve and a power sensing value according to span voltage and output current of the power generating component; the sampling and retaining unit is used for sampling and retaining the voltage sensing value and the power sensing value; the comparing and judging unit is used for generating a judgment result according to the magnitude of the voltage sensing value and the power sensing value at a previous time point and the current time point; and the voltage converter is used for regulating the span voltage of the power generating component according to the judgment result, so that the power generating component reaches the maximum power point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power control and method, refer to a kind of power control and method especially by the Realization of Analog Circuit maximum power point tracking.
Background technology
There are a family curve in the cross-pressure of electrification component such as solar panels or wind power generation module and generated output.There is a maximum power point in each family curve, and under different parameters, has significantly variation.Therefore, electricity generation system must change the cross-pressure of electrification component at any time, and it is the highest that its generating efficiency is kept at any time.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is solar panels (photovoltaic, performance diagrams PV).The Y axle is power (power) P of solar panels, and the X axle then is the cross-pressure Vp of solar panels.As shown in Figure 1, there is a maximum power point between cross-pressure Vp and the power P.Because this curve can change with different sunshine, temperature significantly; Therefore; Electricity generation system need have a maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking; MPPT) power control of function is followed the trail of the pairing cross-pressure Vp of a maximum power point MPP, makes the generating efficiency of solar panels be able to keep at any time the highest.
Traditionally, the implementation major part of maximum power point tracking is to utilize digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor DSP) realizes.Yet; Because the input of general power control and output signal are all simulating signal; Therefore, inputing to digital signal processor needs analog-to-digital converter (A/D Converter) before, and also needs digital to analog converter (D/AConverter) from digital signal processor output.In addition, digital signal processor also needs the phase-locked loop (Phase Lock Loop, PLL) circuit carries out signal Synchronization.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of a known maximum power point tracking device 20 of realizing with digital signal processor.Maximum power point tracking device 20 includes analog-to-digital converter 21 and 22, a digital signal processor 23, a phase-locked loop circuit 24 and a digital to analog converter 25.As shown in the figure, maximum power point tracking device 20 is through analog-to-digital converter 21 and 22, transfers a voltage signal V and a current signal I of electrification component to digital signal.Then, carry out after the internal arithmetic via digital signal processor 23, through digital to analog converter 25 output-analog control signals.Thus, an electric pressure converter of electricity generation system (figure does not draw) can change the cross-pressure of electrification component, and reach its maximum power point according to analog control signal.
Yet, realize that with digital form the shortcoming of maximum power point tracking is that cost is higher, power loss is bigger, and resolution can receive the restriction of analog-to-digital converter and digital to analog converter.In addition, the user can't be regarded as a discrete component with it and buy, and the difficulty that the increase system realizes.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of power control and method by the Realization of Analog Circuit maximum power point tracking.
The present invention discloses a kind of power control, is used for following the trail of a maximum power point of an electrification component.This power control includes a sensing cell, a sampling and holding unit, one and compares and a judging unit and an electric pressure converter.This sensing cell is coupled to this electrification component, is used for a cross-pressure and an output current according to this electrification component, produces a voltage sensing value and a power sensing value.This sampling and holding unit are coupled to this sensing cell, are used for taking a sample and this voltage sensing value of maintenance and this power sensing value.This comparison is coupled to this sampling and holding unit and this sensing cell with judging unit; Be used for according to this sampling and holding unit output this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value corresponding to a previous time point; And the output of this sensing cell produces a judged result corresponding to this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of a current time point.This electric pressure converter is coupled to this comparison and judging unit and this electrification component, is used for according to this judged result, adjusts this cross-pressure of this electrification component, makes this electrification component reach this maximum power point.
The present invention discloses a kind of power control method in addition, is used for following the trail of a maximum power point of an electrification component.This method includes the following step: a cross-pressure of this electrification component of sensing and an output current, to produce a voltage sensing value and a power sensing value; Sampling and this voltage sensing value of maintenance and this power sensing value; According to taking a sample at a previous time point and this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value that keep, and, produce a judged result in this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of a current time point institute sensing; And, adjust this cross-pressure of this electrification component according to this judged result, make this electrification component reach this maximum power point.
Cooperate detailed description and claims of attached drawings, embodiment at this, will on address other purpose of the present invention and advantage and be specified in after.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the performance diagram of solar panels.
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of a known maximum power point tracking device of realizing with digital signal processor.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the present invention's one power control.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one power control.
Fig. 5 has explained a judgement flow process of Fig. 4 judging unit.
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of a power supply control flow of the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is following:
Vp cross-pressure V voltage signal
Vvp, Vvp-voltage sensing value Vpp, Vpp-power sensing value
Vip current sense value I current signal
Io output current Is current sensor
MPP maximum power point P power
S1 judged result R1, R2 resistance
Rs sensing resistor Rc electric current is to electric pressure converter
Q1, Q2 comparative result
20 maximum power point tracking devices, 21,22 analog-to-digital converters
23 digital signal processors, 24 phase-locked loop circuits
25 digital to analog converters
30,40 power controls, 300 electrification components
32 samplings of 31 sensing cells and holding unit
33 compare and judging unit 34 electric pressure converters
412 voltage sensing circuits, 414 current sensing circuits
416 multipliers, 418 transduction amplifiers
422,424 samplings and holding circuit 432,434 comparers
436 judging units
50 judge flow process 502～516 steps
60 power supply control flows, 600～650 steps
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the present invention's one power control 30.Power control 30 is used for following the trail of a maximum power point of an electrification component 300.Electrification component 300 can be solar panels or a wind power generation module, and there is a maximum power point in its family curve, and under different parameters, has significantly variation, and is as shown in Figure 1.Power control 30 includes a sensing cell 31, and takes a sample and holding unit 32, comparison and a judging unit 33 and an electric pressure converter 34.Sensing cell 31 is coupled to electrification component 300, is used for a cross-pressure Vp and an output current Io according to electrification component 300, produces a voltage sensing value Vvp and a power sensing value Vpp.Sampling is coupled to sensing cell 31 with holding unit 32, is used for taking a sample and sustaining voltage sensing value Vvp and power sensing value Vpp.Relatively be coupled to sampling and holding unit 32 and sensing cell 31 with judging unit 33; Be used for according to sampling and voltage sensing value Vvp-and the power sensing value Vpp-of 32 outputs of holding unit corresponding to a previous time point; And 31 outputs of sensing cell produce a judged result S1 corresponding to the voltage sensing value Vvp and the power sensing value Vpp of a current time point.Electric pressure converter 34 is coupled to comparison and judging unit 33 and electrification component 31, is used for according to judged result S1, and the cross-pressure Vp of adjustment electrification component 31 makes electrification component 31 reach maximum power point.
Therefore; Power control 30 is through sampling and the voltage sensing value Vvp-and the power sensing value Vpp-that keep previous time point; Voltage sensing value Vvp and power sensing value Vpp with current time point compare; And judge that the cross-pressure Vp of electrification component 300 must raise or reduce at this moment, and reach the purpose of maximum power point tracking.Thus, the present invention can realize maximum power point tracking by analog form, and improves the shortcoming of known technology.About the detailed embodiment of power control 30, please continue with reference to following explanation.
Please refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one power control 40.Power control 40 is that one of Fig. 3 power control 30 is realized circuit, therefore, representes the corresponding assembly with Fig. 3 with same-sign.Certainly, those of ordinary skills also can do suitably to modify and change to power control 40, and be not limited thereto according to the actual requirements.In power control 40, sensing cell 31 more includes a voltage sensing circuit 412, a current sensing circuit 414 and a multiplier 416.Voltage sensing circuit 412 couples electrification component 300, is used for the cross-pressure Vp of sensing electrification component 300, to produce a voltage sensing value Vvp.As shown in the figure, voltage sensing circuit 412 can be realized by a bleeder circuit of resistance R 1 and R2 composition.Current sensing circuit 414 is coupled to electrification component 300, is used for sensing output current Io, to produce a current sense value Vip.416 of multipliers are coupled to voltage sensing circuit 412 and current sensing circuit 414, are used for voltage sensing value Vvp and current sense value Vip are carried out a multiplying, to produce a power sensing value Vpp.
As shown in the figure, current sensing circuit 414 more includes a sensing resistor Rs, a transduction amplifier 418 and an electric current to electric pressure converter Rc.Sensing resistor Rs is serially connected with electrification component 300, is used for the output current Io of sensing electrification component 300.Transduction amplifier 418 has a positive input terminal and a negative input end, is respectively coupled to the two ends of sensing resistor Rs, is used for a voltage difference to sensing resistor Rs two ends, carries out a transduction amplifieroperation, to produce a current sensor Is.Electric current is then realized by a resistance to electric pressure converter Rc, is coupled to transduction amplifier 418, is used for that current sensor Is is carried out an electric current to voltage transitions and operates, to produce current sense value Vip.
Sampling includes sampling and holding circuit 422 and 424 with holding unit 32, is used for respectively voltage sensing value Vvp and power sensing value Vpp are taken a sample and keep.Thus; Relatively just can be through sampling and the voltage sensing value Vvp-and the power sensing value Vpp-of 32 outputs of holding unit corresponding to a previous time point with judging unit 33; And 31 outputs of sensing cell produce judged result S1 corresponding to the voltage sensing value Vvp and the power sensing value Vpp of a current time point.
As shown in the figure, relatively more include a comparer 432,434 and a judging unit 436 with judging unit 33.Comparer 432 is coupled to sampling and holding circuit 422 and voltage sensing circuit 412; Be used for according to sampling and 422 outputs of holding circuit corresponding to the voltage sensing value Vvp-of previous time point and 412 outputs of voltage sensing circuit producing one first comparative result Q1 corresponding to the voltage sensing value Vvp of current time point.Comparer 434 is coupled to sampling and holding circuit 424 and multiplier 416; Be used for according to sampling and 424 outputs of holding circuit corresponding to the power sensing value Vpp-of previous time point and 416 outputs of multiplier producing one second comparative result Q2 corresponding to the power sensing value Vpp of current time point.436 of judging units are coupled to comparer 432 and 434, are used for according to the first comparative result Q1 and the second comparative result Q2, produce judged result S1.
Thus, electric pressure converter 34 can be according to judged result S1, and the cross-pressure Vp of adjustment electrification component 300 makes electrification component 300 reach maximum power point.If power control 40 is to be used for a direct current power system, then electric pressure converter 34 be a direct current to direct current transducer, its cross-pressure Vp to electrification component 300 flow to the DC voltage conversion operations always, to produce supply voltage Vo level load to the back.In general, direct current to direct current transducer can pass through a pulse-length modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) operation, adjust the voltage quasi position that it inputs or outputs.For instance; Electric pressure converter 34 can be according to judged result S1; The work period (duty cycle) of adjustment internal switch, to its internal electrical time of induction charging perhaps, and change the voltage quasi position of input voltage (being cross-pressure Vp) with the output current Io of control electrification component 300.Associative operation is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, is not giving unnecessary details in this.
Please continue with reference to figure 5, Fig. 5 has explained a judgement flow process 50 of Fig. 4 judging unit 436.At first, the initial value of judging unit 436 output judged result S1 is with the cross-pressure Vp (step 502) of control electric pressure converter 34 raising electrification components 300.Certainly, in other embodiments, starting condition also can be designed to reduce the cross-pressure Vp of electrification component 300, and is not limited thereto.Then, judging unit 436 is judged the logic state (step 504 is to 508) of the first comparative result Q1 and the second comparative result Q2.If the voltage sensing value Vvp of current time point is greater than the voltage sensing value Vvp-of previous time point; And the power sensing value Vpp of current time point is also greater than the voltage sensing value Vpp-of previous time point; Then the first comparative result Q1 and the second comparative result Q2 are all high logic state, and the result that representative last time improved cross-pressure Vp can make the power of electrification component 300 increase.Under this situation, judging unit 436 judges that present power points is positioned at the left side of Fig. 1 maximum power point MPP, and produces the judged result S1 (step 510) that improves cross-pressure VP.
If the voltage sensing value Vvp of current time point is greater than the voltage sensing value Vvp-of previous time point; And the power sensing value Vpp of current time point is less than the voltage sensing value Vpp-of previous time point; Then the first comparative result Q1 is a high logic state; And the second comparative result Q2 is a low logic state, and the result that representative last time improved cross-pressure Vp can make the power of electrification component 300 reduce.Under this situation, judging unit 436 judges that present power points is positioned at the right side of Fig. 1 maximum power point MPP, and produces the judged result S1 (step 512) that reduces cross-pressure Vp.
If the voltage sensing value Vvp of current time point is less than the voltage sensing value Vvp-of previous time point; And the power sensing value Vpp of current time point is greater than the voltage sensing value Vpp-of previous time point; Then the first comparative result Q1 is a low logic state; And the second comparative result Q2 is a high logic state, and the result that representative last time reduced cross-pressure Vp makes the power of electrification component 300 increase.Under this situation, judging unit 436 judges that present power points is positioned at the right side of Fig. 1 maximum power point MPP, and produces the judged result S1 (step 514) that reduces cross-pressure Vp.
If the voltage sensing value Vvp of current time point is less than the voltage sensing value Vvp-of previous time point; And the power sensing value Vpp of current time point is also less than the voltage sensing value Vpp-of previous time point; Then the first comparative result Q1 and the second comparative result Q2 are all low logic state, and representative last time reduced the power that cross-pressure Vp also can reduce electrification component 300.Under this situation, judging unit 436 judges that present power points is positioned at the left side of Fig. 1 maximum power point MPP, and produces the judged result S1 (step 516) that improves cross-pressure Vp.
Therefore; Judge flow process 50 by carrying out times without number, power control 40 can improve or reduce the cross-pressure Vp of electrification component 300 according to judged result S1; And the power that makes electrification component 300 is able to be locked near the maximum power point, and reaches the effect of maximum power tracing.
Please refer to Fig. 6.Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of a power supply control flow 60 of the embodiment of the invention.Power supply control flow 60 is operating processes of above-mentioned power control 30 and 40, and it includes the following step:
Step 600: beginning.
Step 610: the cross-pressure Vp of sensing electrification component 300 and output current Io, to produce voltage sensing value Vvp and power sensing value Vpp.
Step 620: sampling and sustaining voltage sensing value Vvp and power sensing value Vpp.
Step 630: take a sample and the voltage sensing value Vvp-and the power sensing value Vpp-that keep according to time point formerly, and at the voltage sensing value Vvp and the power sensing value Vpp of current time point institute sensing, generation judged result S1.
Step 640: according to judged result S1, the cross-pressure S1 of adjustment electrification component 300 makes electrification component 300 reach maximum power point.
Step 650: finish.
According to power supply control flow 60; The present invention is through sampling and the voltage sensing value Vvp-and the power sensing value Vpp-that keep previous time point; Voltage sensing value Vvp and power sensing value Vpp with current time point compare; And judge that according to this cross-pressure Vp of electrification component 300 must raise or reduce at this moment, and reach the purpose of maximum power point tracking.Power control 30 and 40 detailed operation mode repeat no more in this in above-mentioned explanation.
In sum, the present invention proposes the implementation of an analog maximum power point tracking, in order to improve the shortcoming that realizes with digital signal processor.The method is not defined for solar power system, and it also can be used in other system that must follow the trail of maximum power point, like wind generator system etc.
The above is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to claim of the present invention change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (24)
1. power control is used for following the trail of a maximum power point of an electrification component, it is characterized in that this power control includes:
One sensing cell is coupled to this electrification component, is used for a cross-pressure and an output current according to this electrification component, produces a voltage sensing value and a power sensing value;
One sampling and holding unit are coupled to this sensing cell, are used for taking a sample and this voltage sensing value of maintenance and this power sensing value;
One comparison and judging unit; Be coupled to this sampling and holding unit and this sensing cell; Be used for according to this sampling and holding unit output this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value corresponding to a previous time point; And the output of this sensing cell produces a judged result corresponding to this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of a current time point; And
One electric pressure converter is coupled to this comparison and judging unit and this electrification component, is used for according to this judged result, adjusts this cross-pressure of this electrification component, makes this electrification component reach this maximum power point.
2. like claim 1 described power control, it is characterized in that this sensing cell includes:
One voltage sensing circuit is coupled to this electrification component, is used for this cross-pressure of sensing, to produce this voltage sensing value;
One current sensing circuit is coupled to this electrification component, is used for this output current of sensing, to produce a current sense value; And
One multiplier is coupled to this voltage sensing circuit and this current sensing circuit, is used for this voltage sensing value and this current sense value are carried out a multiplying, to produce this power sensing value.
3. like claim 2 described power controls, it is characterized in that this voltage sensing circuit is a bleeder circuit.
4. like claim 2 described power controls, it is characterized in that this current sensing circuit includes:
One sensing resistor is serially connected with this electrification component, is used for this output current of sensing;
One transduction amplifier has a positive input terminal and a negative input end, is respectively coupled to the two ends of this sensing resistor, is used for a voltage difference to these sensing resistor two ends, carries out a transduction amplifieroperation, to produce a current sensor; And
One electric current is coupled to this transduction amplifier to electric pressure converter, is used for that this current sensor is carried out an electric current to voltage transitions and operates, to produce this current sense value.
5. like claim 1 described power control, it is characterized in that this comparison includes with judging unit:
One first comparer; Be coupled to this sampling and holding unit and this sensing cell; Be used for according to this sampling and holding unit output corresponding to this voltage sensing value of this previous time point and the output of this sensing cell producing one first comparative result corresponding to this voltage sensing value of this current time point;
One second comparer; Be coupled to this sampling and holding unit and this sensing cell; Be used for according to this sampling and holding unit output corresponding to this power sensing value of this previous time point and the output of this sensing cell producing one second comparative result corresponding to this power sensing value of this current time point; And
One judging unit is coupled to this first comparer and this second comparer, is used for producing this judged result according to this first comparative result and this second comparative result.
6. like claim 1 described power control; It is characterized in that; This comparison and judging unit are in this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value greater than this previous time point; And this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for improving this cross-pressure during also greater than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
7. like claim 1 described power control; It is characterized in that; This comparison and judging unit are in this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value greater than this previous time point; And this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for reducing this cross-pressure during less than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
8. like claim 1 described power control; It is characterized in that; This comparison and judging unit are in this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value less than this previous time point; And this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for reducing this cross-pressure during greater than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
9. like claim 1 described power control; It is characterized in that; This comparison and judging unit are in this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value less than this previous time point; And this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for improving this cross-pressure during also less than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
10. like claim 1 described power control, it is characterized in that this electric pressure converter is used for this cross-pressure is flow to the DC voltage conversion operations always in addition, to produce a supply voltage.
11., it is characterized in that this electric pressure converter is through pulse-length modulation operation, adjusts this cross-pressure of this electrification component like claim 1 described power control.
12., it is characterized in that this electrification component is solar panels like claim 1 described power control.
13., it is characterized in that this electrification component is a wind power generation module like claim 1 described power control.
14. a power control method is used for following the trail of a maximum power point of an electrification component, it is characterized in that this method includes:
One cross-pressure of this electrification component of sensing and an output current are to produce a voltage sensing value and a power sensing value;
Sampling and this voltage sensing value of maintenance and this power sensing value;
According to this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of taking a sample at a previous time point and keeping, and
This voltage sensing value and this power sensing value at a current time point institute sensing produce a judged result; And
According to this judged result, adjust this cross-pressure of this electrification component, make this electrification component reach this maximum power point.
15., it is characterized in that this cross-pressure of this electrification component of sensing and the step of this output current include like claim 14 described power control methods:
According to this cross-pressure, produce this voltage sensing value;
According to this output current, produce a current sense value; And
This voltage sensing value and this current sense value are carried out a multiplying, to produce this power sensing value.
16. like claim 14 described power control methods; It is characterized in that; According to taking a sample at this previous time point and this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value that keep; And, produce the step of this judged result in this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, include:
Relatively take a sample with this voltage sensing value of maintenance and in this voltage sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, to produce one first comparative result at this previous time point;
Relatively take a sample with this power sensing value of maintenance and in this power sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, to produce one second comparative result at this previous time point; And
According to this first comparative result and this second comparative result, produce this judged result.
17. like claim 14 described power control methods; It is characterized in that; According to taking a sample at this previous time point and this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value that keep; And, produce the step of this judged result in this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, include:
In this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value greater than this previous time point, and this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for improving this cross-pressure during also greater than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
18. like claim 14 described power control methods; It is characterized in that; According to taking a sample at this previous time point and this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value that keep; And, produce the step of this judged result in this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, include:
In this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value greater than this previous time point, and this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for reducing this cross-pressure during less than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
19. like claim 14 described power control methods; It is characterized in that; According to taking a sample at this previous time point and this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value that keep; And, produce the step of this judged result in this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, include:
In this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value less than this previous time point, and this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for reducing this cross-pressure during greater than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
20. like claim 14 described power control methods; It is characterized in that; According to taking a sample at this previous time point and this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value that keep; And, produce the step of this judged result in this voltage sensing value and this power sensing value of this current time point institute sensing, include:
In this voltage sensing value of this current time point this voltage sensing value less than this previous time point, and this power sensing value of this current time point produces this judged result that is used for improving this cross-pressure during also less than this voltage sensing value of this previous time point.
21., it is characterized in that other includes: this cross-pressure is flow to the DC voltage conversion operations, always to produce a supply voltage like claim 14 described power control methods.
22., it is characterized in that the step of adjusting this cross-pressure of this electrification component includes like claim 14 described power control methods:
Through pulse-length modulation operation, adjust this cross-pressure of this electrification component.
23., it is characterized in that this electrification component is solar panels like claim 14 described power control methods.
24., it is characterized in that this electrification component is a wind power generation module like claim 14 described power control methods.
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| JPH06131065A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1994-05-13 | Sawafuji Electric Co Ltd | Solar power generator system |
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Application publication date: 20120314 |