CN102305666B - Method and equipment for measuring day-time seeing based on solar apparent diameter variance measurement - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring day-time seeing based on solar apparent diameter variance measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN102305666B CN102305666B CN2011102421726A CN201110242172A CN102305666B CN 102305666 B CN102305666 B CN 102305666B CN 2011102421726 A CN2011102421726 A CN 2011102421726A CN 201110242172 A CN201110242172 A CN 201110242172A CN 102305666 B CN102305666 B CN 102305666B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of daytime seeing measurement method based on the measurement of solar apparent diameter variance. With the telescope that a bore is between 50mm to 100mm, with the large area array detector that can shoot full-time image surface in the image planes of telescope, short exposure time is shot; lt; The full-time image surface of 10ms measures the apparent diameter of the sun from the full-time image surface of each frame, calculates apparent diameter variance from a series of solar apparent diameters of measurement, and apparent diameter variance is substituted into formula:
, daytime Seeing parameter r0 value is calculated. Influence of the present invention due to effectively avoiding near surface turbulence atmosphere, when measurement, does not need plateau i.e. and can measure the atmospheric seeing of 20m or more, and contains the influence of near surface turbulence atmosphere in the measurement result of classics S-DIMM. Device structure of the invention is light and handy, light-weight, easy to carry, is very suitable for the preliminary reconnaissance phase of Astronomical Site Testing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the astronomical surveing technical field, specifically is a kind of daytime seeing measuring method and equipment of measuring based on the solar apparent diameter variance.
Background technology
The seeing parameter of earth atmosphere (is used r usually
0Represent) the relevant diameter of atmosphere when light wave passes through the atmospheric turbulence media imaging has been described, it has determined the resolution of ground in the face of extraterrestrial target observation, is the major parameter that must survey in the astronomical addressing.The measurement of seeing parameter must be indispensable in fields such as astronomical high-resolution imaging, adaptive optics.
Current; The technology that is used for the parameter measurement of earth atmosphere seeing both at home and abroad mainly contains the Differential Image method of movement and scintiloscope method; Wherein the Differential Image method of movement is the atmospheric seeing measuring method that is proposed by Sarazin and Roddier, and its principle is: utilize the double vision telescope to observe same point source list star simultaneously, on the mirror image face of looking in the distance, obtain two separated star pictures; Because the wavefront of two star pictures has passed through different atmosphere light paths; Relative position between the two star pictures rises and falls with wavefront and changes, and therefore through measuring and calculate the relative motion variance between the two star pictures, can obtain atmospheric seeing parameter r by one of following two formulas
0
Wherein
is respectively vertical (double vision center line connecting direction) variance and horizontal (vertical and double vision center line connecting direction) variance with
;
is center wavelength of light; D is the diameter in two sub-holes of double vision telescope, and d is the distance at center, two sub-holes.This measuring method is called " the Differential Image method of movement ", and surveying instrument is called " Differential Image motion monitoring appearance ", and english abbreviation is DIMM.
This method and apparatus is used for the measurement of night-time seeing, but can not be applied to the measurement of daytime seeing, and the daytime has only observation body of the sun but this is, and is a big face source.Through improvement, develop " sun Differential Image motion daytime seeing measuring instrument " to DIMM for this reason.The concrete scheme of this measuring method is: utilize a certain section solar limb of double vision telescope observation; Utilize a bit of solar limb picture of slit intercepting at the mirror image face of looking in the distance; Thereafter obtaining two the separated homology double images forming behind the different atmosphere light paths of passing through of this solar limb with an optical wavefront segmenting system, the variance through the relative motion between the picture of two edges obtains daytime seeing parameter r through (1) formula
0This method and apparatus abbreviates S-DIMM as, and Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of S-DIMM.It is between 3 times to 4 times of sub-bore dia that S-DIMM requires two sub-pitchs of holes; Only relevant for the relative motion that guarantees two solar limb pictures simultaneously with turbulent atmosphere; The mask that normally two sub-aperture is installed on the 300mm telescope realizes, in the monitoring of therefore be generally used for fixing a point, long-term seeing being measured.
Need carry out preliminary seeing to a lot of areas in the preliminary reconnaissance phase of astronomical addressing measures; A lot of regional conditions are arduouser; The equipment that need carry is walked very long road on foot, because the bigger and Heavy Weight of S-DIMM, the seeing that therefore is not suitable for the preliminary reconnaissance phase is measured.In actual astronomical sight, astronomical telescope is on buildings in addition, and 15 meters turbulent atmospheres below-20 meters near the ground are can not influence astronomical sight, the influence that therefore need not measure 15 meters turbulent atmospheres below-20 meters near the ground.By day, because ground receives the irradiation of the sun, ST is apparently higher than temperature, and the refractive index fluctuation that therefore common turbulent atmosphere below 20 meters near the ground causes can compare seriously.And if S-DIMM is placed on ground, then inevitably receive the influence of atmospheric turbulence near the ground, thereby local seeing situation is correctly estimated in influence.In order to eliminate the influence of near surface turbulence atmosphere, must build the building more than 10 meters, S-DIMM is installed on the buildings, but the primary election stage in order to save time and cost, can not build buildings.Therefore the equipment that needs light, effectively to eliminate atmospheric turbulence influence near the ground and can carry out measures of quantization in the preliminary reconnaissance phase of astronomical addressing to the seeing parameter.
Background technology
Key in technical field herein and describe paragraph.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of based on variation variance measurement daytime seeing parameter r through solar apparent diameter
0Method and apparatus (portable daytime seeing measuring instrument P-SDIMM).It can effectively be eliminated under the prerequisite of influence of near surface turbulence atmosphere daytime seeing parameter is carried out measures of quantization,
The inventor finds that the variation of solar apparent diameter is that the influence that only receives turbulent atmosphere produces, so the variation variance of solar apparent diameter has reflected the seeing of turbulent atmosphere.Simultaneously owing near the ground very high correlativity arranged, insensitive to the refractive index fluctuation of near surface turbulence atmosphere, therefore can eliminate the influence of near surface turbulence atmosphere effectively.On this basis, the inventor according to the analytical derivation of the correlativity of the refractive index fluctuation of the turbulent atmosphere of Fired calculate the formula of seeing parameter, its formula is following:
Wherein
is the variance of solar apparent diameter;
is center wavelength of light, and D is telescopical diameter.
Based on this inventive concept following technical scheme of the present invention has been proposed:
Use a bore as 50mm to the telescope between the 100mm, with taking the big planar array detector of full-time picture, take the short exposure (time shutter on the telescopical image planes<10ms) full-time picture utilizes edge detecting technology to measure the visual diameter of the sun from full-time picture of each frame, calculates the visual diameter variance from a series of solar apparent diameters of measuring, and visual diameter variance substitution formula (3) is calculated daytime seeing parameter r
0Value.
Used telescope adopts 90mm Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope, and telescope is by corrector, and three assemblies of secondary mirror and primary mirror constitute imaging system.Add the dim light optical filter at the entrance pupil place, be used to weaken sunshine; Added detector at the telescope focal plane, detector area is greater than the sun picture on the focal plane, can be big area array CCD, also can be big face battle array digital camera.
The running parameter of this application example is: bore 90mm, the burnt long 1250mm of equivalence, time shutter 1ms, SF>3Hz, statistical sample is several 60, about reduction of carrying out a visual diameter variance in 20 seconds.Telescope can carry out seeing monitoring continuously for a long time if automatic tracking system is arranged.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: portable daytime seeing measuring instrument P-SDIMM compares with classical S-DIMM has following two advantages:
1. owing to effectively avoided the influence of near surface turbulence atmosphere, do not need high platform can measure the above atmospheric seeing of 20m during measurement, and comprised the influence of near surface turbulence atmosphere in the measurement result of classical S-DIMM.
2. structure is light and handy, in light weight, is easy to carry, and is very suitable for the preliminary reconnaissance phase of astronomical addressing.
Summary of the invention
Key in technical field herein and describe paragraph.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of SDIMM.
Among Fig. 1,1. incident sunshine, 2. entrance pupil optical filter, 3. double vision mask; 4. telescope imaging mirror, 5. optical filter, the 6. slit on the image planes for the first time, 7. the solar limb slit on the image planes for the first time; 8. the solar limb echo of slit intercepting on the image planes for the first time, 9. collimating mirror, 10. Differential Image mask, 11. wedges; 12. the secondary imaging mirror, 13. separated homology solar limb echos that open on the imaging surface for the second time, 14. CCD.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of P-SDIMM of the present invention.
1. incident sunshine, 2. dim light optical filter, 3. corrector, 4. secondary mirror, 5. primary mirror, 6. CCD.
Embodiment
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the instance of P-SDIMM, telescope adopts 90mm Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope, and telescope is by corrector 3, and 5 three assemblies of secondary mirror 4 and primary mirror constitute imaging system.Add dim light optical filter 2 at the entrance pupil place, be used to weaken sunshine.Added detector 6 at the telescope focal plane, detector area is greater than the sun picture on the focal plane, can be big area array CCD, also can be big face battle array digital camera, consider from the angle of cost in this instance, employing be single anti-digital camera.The running parameter of this application example is: bore 90mm, the burnt long 1250mm of equivalence, time shutter 1ms, SF>3Hz, statistical sample is several 60, about reduction of carrying out a visual diameter variance in 20 seconds.Telescope can carry out seeing monitoring continuously for a long time if automatic tracking system is arranged.
Take full-time picture of short exposure (time shutter < 10ms) with this telescope, from full-time picture of each frame, utilize edge detecting technology to measure the visual diameter of the sun, calculate the visual diameter variances from a series of solar apparent diameters of measuring, visual diameter variance substitution formula
Calculate daytime seeing parameter r
0Value.
Claims (3)
1. daytime seeing measuring method of measuring based on the solar apparent diameter variance; It is characterized in that using a bore as 50mm to the telescope between the 100mm; With the big planar array detector that can take full-time picture, take the time shutter < full-time the picture of 10ms, the visual diameter of the measurement sun from full-time picture of each frame on the telescopical image planes; Calculate the visual diameter variance from a series of solar apparent diameters of measuring, with visual diameter variance substitution formula (3)
Calculate daytime seeing parameter r
0Value,
λBe center wavelength of light, D is telescopical diameter,
σ l 2It is the variance of solar apparent diameter.
2. the equipment of a daytime seeing measuring method that is used for measuring based on the solar apparent diameter variance; It is characterized in that adopting 90mm Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope; Telescope is by corrector; Three assemblies of secondary mirror and primary mirror constitute imaging system, have added the dim light optical filter at the entrance pupil place, have added detector at the telescope focal plane.
3. the equipment that is used for based on the daytime seeing measuring method of solar apparent diameter variance measurement according to claim 2 is characterized in that described detector area is greater than the sun picture on the focal plane, adopts big area array CCD, or big face battle array digital camera.
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| CN2011102421726A CN102305666B (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2011-08-23 | Method and equipment for measuring day-time seeing based on solar apparent diameter variance measurement |
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| CN2011102421726A CN102305666B (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2011-08-23 | Method and equipment for measuring day-time seeing based on solar apparent diameter variance measurement |
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| CN102305666B true CN102305666B (en) | 2012-11-14 |
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| CN103837330B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of caliberating device for the inner seeing effect of horizontal solar telescope thermovision field diaphragm |
| CN105242329B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-07-28 | 南京理工大学紫金学院 | A kind of atmospheric turbulance measurement apparatus and method moved based on sun image |
| CN113932783B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Solar edge detection instrument |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4749271A (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-06-07 | Albert Nagler | Finder scope for use with astronomical telescopes |
| CN1553155A (en) * | 2003-05-31 | 2004-12-08 | 中国科学院云南天文台 | Daytime atmospheric stability monitor for sun differential aberration movement |
| CN101000232A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2007-07-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for precision measuring space offset of telephotolens and eyepiece using interferometer |
| CN101017207A (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2007-08-15 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Four-hole difference image moving atmosphere optical parameter measurement instrument |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6350784A (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1988-03-03 | Shibiru Kankyo Eng Kk | Investigation of sunshine |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4749271A (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-06-07 | Albert Nagler | Finder scope for use with astronomical telescopes |
| CN1553155A (en) * | 2003-05-31 | 2004-12-08 | 中国科学院云南天文台 | Daytime atmospheric stability monitor for sun differential aberration movement |
| CN101017207A (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2007-08-15 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Four-hole difference image moving atmosphere optical parameter measurement instrument |
| CN101000232A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2007-07-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for precision measuring space offset of telephotolens and eyepiece using interferometer |
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