Background technology
Since round pcr is applied to the check of biological material evidence, after especially using the str locus seat and analyzing, DNA extraction just becomes the key link of forensic dna polymorphism analysis, and the quality of DNA sample quality will be directly connected to the success or failure of subsequent experimental.But in actual inspection case, increasing case is because the effect of the character of case own, commit a crime course and offender's factors such as counterreconnaissance consciousness enhancing, in some site inspections, be difficult to find conventional biological materials such as blood cake, seminal stain, hair, cigarette end, the sample that therefore may be loaded with human body case trace sample just becomes the important material evidence of cracking of cases.
Human body case trace sample amount is little, and mostly is keratinization, and how nucleus degenerates, on the various carriers that contact with human body.Its carrier has following characteristics: 1. sample big area such as micro-epidermic cell is distributed in carrier surface and combines closely with carrier, dirt, is difficult to collect shift; 2. the shelf time long or improper, DNA easily degraded is difficult to satisfy 16 STR site multiplex PCR composite amplifications (16 templates increase simultaneously in the pipe); 3. this type of sample carrier is many through washing, contains the PCR inhibition.Therefore, the extraction difficulty of case trace sample DNA is big, lacks stable extracting method, causes the failure of inspection case easily.
At present, according to the amount of case trace sample and the difference of its place carrier, the method for DNA extraction is also different.The more sample of case trace sample that people's contact levels such as clothing, footwear, socks are big, may contain, behind many case trace samples by case trace sample absorption apparatus collection sample, extract with automatically working station or chelex-100 method, can be by methods such as prolongation incubation period, the amount that increases Proteinase K, minimizing elution volumes, to reach the purpose that improves dna profiling concentration.And when the wooden handle that runs into various tool, as the wooden handle of axe, the fingerprint on all kinds of carrier,, carrier less as the human body contacts site such as finger mark on the bowl cover is during to the stronger sample of case trace sample adsorptivity, the reviewer takes the method for different extractions according to the extraction experience of oneself, but often all is that the intersection use of plurality of reagents box and the mixing of multiple extracting method are used.As hatching several hrs with Chelex-100 and Proteinase K after Microcon-100 purification column purifying concentration of DNA; Or extract dna profiling with other test kits such as QIAGEN M48 magnetic bead kit, have also wherein with chloroform purification step utilization in organic method.The DNA amount that these methods are extracted less, purity is low, length is imperfect, not only will use expensive import reagent, and complex steps, length consuming time, complicated operation, personal experience influence greatlyyer, and success ratio is lower.
The inventor optimizes the method and the reagent of cracking, articulated system invention raising case trace sample DNA extraction efficient, solves the above problem that runs in the DNA extraction process, and is successfully applied to actual inspection case.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, system optimization cracking, combination, cleaning system solve an extraction difficult problem that only contains minim DNA in the case sample, realizes easyly, quick, extracts minim DNA efficiently.
Through different condition combination, serial simultaneous test and a large amount of on-the-spot case sample test, we find: 1. protease digestion, the bath of 70-100 temperature, PEG-ethanol magnetic bead can the high efficiency extraction minim DNAs in conjunction with the combination of 3 of liquid; 2. protease digestion, temperature are bathed to handle and can efficiently be discharged cast-off cells DNA, and structural integrity easily combines with magnetic bead in the PEG-ethanol system; 3. the use of PEG-ethanol articulated system not only promotes the efficient absorption of magnetic bead to DNA, and has guaranteed that dna structure is complete relatively, the dna fragmentation that obtains to be of convenient length can satisfy case detect in the needs of 16 STR site composite amplifications.Reagent extracts case trace sample DNA can either reduce cost, easy operation, and the intersection that need not plurality of reagents box and several different methods is used, and highly sensitive, and method is simple, has reduced the empirical dependence to the technician, has realized that case is detected as the lifting of power.
The invention provides a kind of reagent that extracts case trace sample DNA, it consists of the magnetic bead suspension; Lysate, it consists of the Tris-HCl damping fluid of pH=8.0; In conjunction with liquid I, it consists of the PEG of 20-50%w/v, the MW=8000 of PEG; In conjunction with liquid II, it consists of ethanol; Scavenging solution, it consists of the ethanolic soln of 50-80%v/v.
Of the present invention can be with a kind of replacement ethanol in methyl alcohol and propyl alcohol, the Virahol in conjunction with liquid II.
The inventive method can be extracted DNA from micro-case sample in simple and effective ground.
Micro-case sample of the present invention is the biological material that contains micro-case trace sample that criminal-scene is left over.
The carrier that has shifted case trace sample of the present invention is resulting filter membranes such as the clothing that adsorbs criminal-scene with the biomass cells extraction apparatus and leave over, rope, electric wire, waddy.
The carrier that has shifted case trace sample of the present invention is resulting glued membrane or scotch tapes such as fingerprint on clothing, rope, electric wire, waddy, bottleneck, various handle or handle, glass or the desktop etc. left over case trace sample Adhesive-fetch device, the sticking enchashment field of scotch tape.
The carrier that has shifted case trace sample of the present invention is resulting filter paper, cotton swab, the yarns etc. such as fingerprint on the sassafras scenes of wiping away such as filter paper, cotton swab, yarn clothing, rope, electric wire, waddy, bottleneck, various handle or handle, glass or the desktop etc. left over.
Be used for lysate of the present invention, in conjunction with liquid I, be not particularly limited in conjunction with liquid II, scavenging solution, the lysate that can adopt for this area, in conjunction with liquid I, in conjunction with liquid II, scavenging solution.
Major advantage of the present invention is:
1. the conjugated protein enzymic digestion of the inventive method, the bath of 70-100 degree temperature can fully cracking case trace sample cast-off cells, and the dna structure of release is complete relatively, in the PEG-ethanol system, easily combine with magnetic bead and;
2. PEG-ethanol not only can be removed protein better in conjunction with the existence of liquid during reagent was formed, and during magnetic bead can be well-dispersed in conjunction with liquid when adsorption of DNA, had realized that magnetic bead is to the efficient absorption in conjunction with DNA in the liquid;
3.PEG-ethanol is fit to the DNA length of extracting in conjunction with the use of liquid, can satisfy the needs of 16 STR site composite amplifications in the case detection, greatly reduces and loses peak, amplification energy imbalance.
4. this extracting method has reduced the empirical dependency to the operator, and is easy and simple to handle, good stability;
5. need not to use the big organic solvents of toxicity such as phenol, chloroform, security is good;
6. highly sensitive, to extract fast, general operation can be finished at 1~1.5 hour, and can be used for the DNA extraction at automatically working station.
Embodiment
Minim DNA on the belt hook that embodiment one extraction criminal-scene is left over.
(1) test kit is prepared
Preparation utilizes the test kit of magnetic bead extraction case trace sample DNA, comprising:
1mL silanization magnetic bead solution (0.1mg/ μ L), Wuhan Wawasye Technology Development Co., Ltd.'s listing product or Qiagen company buy;
100mL lysate, its component are the Tris-HCl damping fluid of pH=8.0;
100mL is in conjunction with liquid I, the PEG that its component volume ratio is 20-50% (molecular weight 8000);
20mL is in conjunction with liquid II, and its component is an ethanol;
100mL scavenging solution, its component are that volume ratio is 80% ethanolic soln.
(2) utilize test kit to extract the belt hook cast-off cells DNA that criminal-scene is left over, extraction step is as follows:
1) utilize case trace sample Adhesive-fetch device repeatedly the ixoderm bracelet repeatedly glued membrane is put into the 1.5mL centrifuge tube;
2) add 6 μ L Proteinase Ks (10mg/mL), 350 μ L lysates, whirlpool shook for 2 seconds, placed couveuse 56 degree and hatched 40 minutes;
3) centrifuge tube is taken off from couveuse, whirlpool shook for 2 seconds, and after placement couveuse 70-100 degree was hatched 8 minutes, 13000 left the heart 3 minutes, and supernatant is transferred to another 1.5mL centrifuge tube;
4) in conjunction with liquid II and 20 μ L magnetic bead suspensions, whirlpool shook for 2 seconds to adding 400 μ L in conjunction with liquid I, 80 μ L, placed room temperature 10 minutes;
5) with centrifuge tube as for magnetic force frame last 2 minute, inhale and abandon supernatant and stay magnetic bead, add 300 μ L scavenging solutions, whirlpool shook for 2 seconds, placed room temperature 2 minutes;
6) repeating step is 4 twice;
7) with centrifuge tube as for magnetic force frame last 2 minute, inhale and abandon supernatant and stay magnetic bead, room temperature was opened and placed to centrifuge tube 5 minutes;
8) add 30 μ L ultrapure waters, whirlpool shook for 2 seconds, placed couveuse 80 degree and hatched 10 minutes, and middle mixing magnetic bead 2 times places the magnetic force frame with centrifuge tube, and the gained supernatant is dna solution.
(3) pcr amplification and electrophoresis
Amplification kit is the sinofiler test kit of ABI company
Amplification program is as follows:
Electrophoresis equipment is 3100 type sequenators of ABI company
Last sample system: 2 μ L amplified productions+20 μ L methane amides (having added Liz)
Other steps: operate in strict accordance with 3100 type sequenator specification sheetss.
Fig. 1 leaves over the detected result of belt DNA for extracting this criminal-scene, 16 STR sites are complete, peak height meets case and detects the requirement that 16 STR sites are analyzed all more than 200, and the tool when the micro-case of extraction detects DNA that further illustrates this reagent and present method has great advantage.
Embodiment two control experiments
Is analog sample with 1 μ L through the blood of 60 times of physiological saline dilutions, replaces embodiment one cast-off cells glued membrane, and amplification and electrophoresis are with embodiment one, and it is as follows to design micro-sample extraction series controlled trial:
Controlled trial 1 extraction step 1) glued membrane is replaced by 1 μ L analog sample in, and other steps are constant;
Controlled trial 2 steps 2) do not add proteolytic enzyme in, other are with controlled trial 1;
Incubation temperature less than 70 degree in controlled trial 3 step 3), other are with test 1;
In conjunction with removing ethanol in the liquid system, other are with test 1 in controlled trial 4 step 4);
In conjunction with removing PEG in the liquid system, other are with test 1 in controlled trial 5 step 4);
Controlled trial 6 is through step 1), 2), 3), supernatant extracts DNA with Qiagen M48 magnetic bead kit;
Controlled trial 7 is not passed through step 1), 2), 3), extract DNA with M48 magnetic bead reagent;
Controlled trial 8 is through step 1), 2), 3, supernatant is used Microcon-100 purification column purifying concentration of DNA instead.
The dna solution that extracts through above experiment all carries out the multiplex PCR composite amplification with the ID test kit of ABI company with the system of 4 μ L template+6 μ LMix, and carries out electrophoresis detection with identical system and condition, gained result such as Fig. 2-and shown in Figure 9.Wherein, Fig. 2 is the result of serial controlled trial 1: 16 STR sites are complete, peak height is all more than 800, meet case and detect the requirement that 16 STR sites are analyzed, illustrate that cast-off cells DNA can efficiently discharge after bathing processing through protease digestion, temperature, efficiently is adsorbed on magnetic bead surfaces in PEG-ethanol articulated system.Fig. 3 is the result of serial controlled trial 2: the peak in CSF1PO site has been lost, the peak in D12S391 and D3S1350 site has height that the end is arranged, the amplification energy imbalance is obvious, D7S820 and D18S51 site are many peak, assorted peak is promptly arranged, and the somatotype that these all have a strong impact on detected result does not meet case and detects the requirement that 16 STR sites are analyzed, test explanation cast-off cells are without protease digestion, and DNA discharges not exclusively or fracture.Fig. 4 is the result of serial controlled trial 3: the small segment effect better all goes out as D8S1179 and peak, D19S433 site, the peak of sheet degree is too low, below 50 as D7S820, and assorted peak phenomenon such as D13S317 site are arranged, DNA in the PEG-ethanol system is poor in conjunction with magnetic bead efficient in explanation, controlled trial 2 and 3 explanation protease digestions, 70-100 degree temperature are bathed the cell high-efficient released dna, and dna structure is stable, is beneficial to magnetic bead to combine in the PEG-ethanol system.Fig. 5 is the result of serial controlled trial 4: 16 sites all do not go out, Fig. 6 is the result of serial controlled trial 5, site D8S1179, D5S818, vWA and D8S1043 have only been gone out, but the peak is below 100, D8S1043 has assorted peak phenomenon, do not meet case and detect the requirement that 16 STR sites are analyzed, must there be ethanol and PEG simultaneously in controlled trial 4 and the 5 description taken in conjunction liquid system, guarantee DNA and magnetic bead joint efficiency height, dna structure is complete relatively, the dna fragmentation that obtains to be of convenient length can satisfy case detect in the needs of 16 STR site composite amplifications.Fig. 7 is the result of serial controlled trial 6, Fig. 8 is the result of serial controlled trial 7, and the two result is more or less the same, and 16 sites all do not go out, peak height is below 200, and assorted peak is also many, influences result's interpretation, does not meet case and detects the requirement that 16 STR sites are analyzed, Fig. 9 is the result of serial controlled trial 8, similar with Fig. 6, only gone out the peak in 6 sites, ratio of peak is lower.Lose that the peak shows the dna structure destroyed or the DNA extraction amount is low, can not obtain capacity, be of convenient length and satisfy the DNA of 16 STR sites amplifications.Test 7 explanation guanidinesalt magnetic bead (M48 reagent) articulated systems possibility destructive dna structures or joint efficiency are low.Test 6,8 interpret sample are after protease digestion, 70-100 degree temperature are bathed the efficient release of DNA, the not only efficient adsorption of DNA of PEG-ethanol magnetic bead articulated system but also guaranteed that dna structure is stable is better than guanidinesalt magnetic bead (M 48 reagent) articulated system and guanidinesalt purification column articulated system (Microcon-100 reagent)---and these two kinds of systems are micro-sample DNA extraction common agents.To sum up the result of 8 serial controlled trials contrast as can be known, the dna solution that extracts with reagent of the present invention and method can obtain complete STR somatotype, and the STR peak height is all more than 200, and when cracking condition and articulated system change, all do not obtain complete STR somatotype, the peak-to-peak value that has gone out is substantially below 200.
Embodiment three changes methyl alcohol and propyl alcohol, Virahol in conjunction with the ethanol of liquid II
To change methyl alcohol and propyl alcohol, Virahol respectively in conjunction with the ethanol of liquid II among the embodiment one, extract the DNA on the porcelain cup of slippers, the toothbrush in the on-the-spot case, the usefulness of drinking water with paramagnetic particle method respectively;
80 μ L in extraction step 3 change into respectively 80 μ L methyl alcohol and propyl alcohol, the Virahol in conjunction with liquid II, and other are operated with embodiment one.
The slippers that Figure 10 leaves over for criminal-scene are with the composite S TR amplification collection of illustrative plates of methyl alcohol replacement in conjunction with liquid II; The toothbrush that Figure 11 leaves over for criminal-scene is with the composite S TR amplification collection of illustrative plates of propyl alcohol replacement in conjunction with liquid II; The porcelain cup of the usefulness of drinking water that Figure 12 leaves over for criminal-scene is replaced composite S TR in conjunction with liquid II with Virahol.After changing methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and Virahol respectively in conjunction with the ethanol of liquid II as can be known by Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, it is complete that the detected result of extracting the criminal-scene biological material through same procedure is 16 STR sites, peak height is all more than 200, meet case and detect the requirement that 16 STR sites are analyzed, illustrate and use methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and Virahol replacement in conjunction with II in this extracting method and this test kit.
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