CN102223168B - Combined transmit beamforming method based on array antenna and MIMO - Google Patents
Combined transmit beamforming method based on array antenna and MIMO Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined transmit beamforming method based on an array antenna and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). The method comprises the following steps: (1) initialization; (2) obtainment of omni-directional channel state information; (3) obtainment of space real wave beam; (4) data transmission to first n wave beams; (5) equivalent channel estimation; (6) obtainment of virtual wave beam; (7) obtainment of combined BF (beamforming) performance number; (8) selection of optimal wave beam number send by AA-BF; (9) data transmission. According to the invention, diversity gain, reuse gain, and array gain brought by multi-antenna system are simultaneously obtained, the reliability of communication link is improved, the frequency spectrum utilization rate and throughput of a wireless communication system are increased to a maximum limit, the coverage scope of wireless communication is enlarged to a maximum limit, and the communication demands of a user under line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions are simultaneously satisfied. Thereby, the communication quality of the user is improved, and the perception of the user is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, further relate to a kind of based on array antenna and multiple-input and multiple-output (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) joint transmission beam-forming method, the method can improve the availability of frequency spectrum, throughput, the reliability of wireless communication system and the coverage that enlarges radio communication.
Background technology
Two kinds of existing transmit beamforming technical points: a kind of beam forming technique that is based on the MIMO precoding, another kind is based on the beam forming technique of array antenna.
The first, the beam forming technique based on the MIMO precoding.
MIMO beam forming (MIMO-BF) also is called the MIMO precoding technique, be a kind ofly at transmitting terminal, to utilize channel condition information (CSI) to carry out preliminary treatment to sending symbol, to improve power system capacity or take, reduce the signal processing technology that error rate of system is purpose.MIMO-BF requires between antenna separate, and it can be system and brings diversity or spatial multiplexing gain.Existing MIMO precoding technique has precoding technique based on channel singular value decomposition (SVD) and the precoding technique based on channel geometric mean decomposition (GMD) etc.
The patent of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Beijing Samsung communication Technology Research Co., Ltd application " SVD method for precoding, method for precoding and use the system of described method " (number of patent application 200710192895.3, publication number 101453258).This patent application is mainly to have proposed a kind ofly at transmitting terminal, to use method for precoding, the steps include: that the information bit to receiving carries out chnnel coding; Coded data is carried out to baseband modulation, according to UL Sounding Signal estimation channel matrix (H
t), and utilize described channel matrix (H
t), obtain emission matrix (V) based on singular value decomposition, utilize described emission matrix (V) to carry out precoding to modulating data; Result is assigned on the OFDM subcarrier, and launches the data symbols obtained.The deficiency that this patent application exists is, the performance gain that the MIMO beam forming that the method is obtained brings (diversity gain or spatial multiplexing gain), its throughput to wireless communication system, the availability of frequency spectrum and error performance promote limited, in communication scenes under severe a little condition, user's communication quality is obviously descended, have a strong impact on the user and experience, reduce user perceptibility.
The second, the beam forming technique based on array antenna.
Array antenna beam shaping (AA-BF) is a kind of beam forming of the array antenna system be comprised of many antenna elements, requires between antenna element to have strong correlation.The AA-BF principle is weighted amplitude by regulating each array element signals and phase place by the radio signal concrete direction that leads, and produces the space directivity wave beam.Make antenna main beam aim at the desired user direction, secondary lobe or zero falls into aims at the interference user direction, obtains array gain, strengthens signal quality.Existing AA-BF method has the beam forming algorithm estimated based on direction of arrival (DOA) and feature wave-beam shaping algorithm etc.
The patent " a kind of mthods, systems and devices of beam forming " (number of patent application 200710195422.9, publication number 101453255) of Huawei Tech Co., Ltd's application.This patent application mainly discloses a kind of beam-forming method, comprises the following steps: base station is the transmitter code sequence in each wave beam, and the code element in described code sequence is corresponding one by one with described each wave beam; After the beam selection information generated in the degree of correlation of receiving the signal that receives according to terminal and described code sequence, beam forming is carried out to the data that send in described base station.The deficiency that the method and apparatus of this Patent Application Publication exists is, the method limits each user and only distributes a wave beam, if in the situation that the wireless communications environment scattering object is more, this method of salary distribution is not optimum, may there be a plurality of optimal beam in a user, and, under the non line of sight condition, use the method can make systematic function worsen rapidly.
MIMO-BF can bring diversity or spatial multiplexing gain for wireless communication system, and AA-BF can bring array gain for wireless communication system, can improve systematic function.But, MIMO-BF requires between antenna separate, and AA-BF requires strong correlation between antenna.Because MIMO-BF and AA-BF require completely differently to Antenna Correlation, by both simple knot altogether, can not obtain the performance gain that MIMO-BF and AA-BF bring simultaneously, must adopt some joint transmission beam-forming method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, propose a kind ofly based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, can obtain to greatest extent the performance gain that MIMO-BF and AA-BF bring.
The basic ideas that the present invention realizes are, at first each subarray is used the AA-BF method to produce one group of wave beam, then the numbers of beams that transfer point sends by repeatedly adjusting each subarray, make the performance of AA-BF and MIMO-BF joint transmission beam forming reach optimum, now system can be obtained the performance gain that MIMO-BF and AA-BF bring simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, performing step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) initialization.Transfer point will send numbers of beams n and be made as 1, initial performance values Q
0be made as 0;
(2) obtain the omnidirectional channel state information.Difference according to communication system to performance requirement and transmission means, transmitting terminal adopts channel estimation technique to complete the omnidirectional channel estimation, obtains omnidirectional channel state information CSI-O;
(3) obtain the true wave beam in space.Transfer point adopts the AA-BF method to obtain N wave beam to the CSI-O that obtains, to the characteristic value of N wave beam performance index according to sorting from big to small;
(4) front n wave beam transmission data.Transfer point is by front n the wave beam transmission data in an ordering N wave beam;
(5) equivalent channel is estimated.Difference according to communication system to performance requirement and transmission means, the equivalent channel that transmitting terminal adopts channel estimation technique to complete finishing after AA-BF is estimated, obtains equivalent channel state information CSI-E;
(6) obtain virtual beams.Transfer point, to obtained CSI-E, adopts the MIMO-BF method to obtain MIMO space virtual wave beam;
(7) obtain associating BF performance number Q
n.System, after finishing array antenna beam and being shaped, adopts the MIMO beam-forming method to carry out transfer of data, realizes that united beam is shaped, system adopt with its computational methods corresponding to the performance of paying close attention to obtain the systematic function value Q after the united beam shaping
n;
(8) choose the numbers of beams that optimum AA-BF sends.The systematic function value Q of the more current AA-BF through associating MIMO-BF and n wave beam of transmission of transfer point
nwith the systematic function value Q with the AA-BF that sends n-1 wave beam through associating MIMO-BF
n-1size.
If 8a) Q
n-1be less than or equal to Q
nbe false, n=n-1, this formula means that AA-BF sends numbers of beams from subtracting 1, wherein n is the optimal beam number that AA-BF sends, and proceeds to step 9;
If 8b) Q
n-1be less than or equal to Q
nset up, n=n+1, this formula means that AA-BF sends numbers of beams from adding 1, if being less than or equal to N, n is false, n=n-1, wherein the optimal beam number of n for sending, proceed to step 9, if n is less than or equal to N, sets up, and returns to step 4;
(9) transmission data.System, after finishing the array antenna beam shaping, adopts MIMO beam-forming method transmission data.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The first, because the present invention allows each user, a plurality of wave beams transmission data can be arranged, overcome the shortcoming that each user of prior art only has wave beam transmission data, improved the reliability of communication link.
Second, because the present invention adopts based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, overcome prior art and can not obtain the shortcoming of diversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and array gain that multiaerial system brings simultaneously, the availability of frequency spectrum, throughput, the reliability of wireless communication system and the coverage that enlarges radio communication can be promoted to greatest extent, the communication requirement of user under sighting distance and non line of sight condition can be met simultaneously.And then improved user's communication quality, strengthened user's perceptibility.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is emission principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Antenna configuration with reference to Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention transfer point is 4 subarrays, and in Fig. 2, array number m gets 4, and each subarray is disposed 4 array elements.Separate between 4 subarrays, 4 array element strong correlations on each subarray.
The step that 1 couple of the present invention realizes with reference to accompanying drawing is specifically described.
Step 1, initialization.
Transfer point will send numbers of beams n and be made as 1, initial performance values Q
0be made as 0.The wave beam performance number refers to throughput, coverage and three indexs of the availability of frequency spectrum of system, and the performance number of paying close attention to according to system is chosen one of them index and is optimized.Due to the throughput of the present embodiment attention location system, therefore the initial performance values Q of system
0be throughput, it is made as to 0., the purpose of this step is to guarantee that system at least successfully carries out iteration one time.
Step 2, obtain omnidirectional channel information.
Difference according to communication system to performance requirement and transmission means, transmitting terminal adopts channel estimation technique to complete the omnidirectional channel estimation, and performance requirement refers to the requirement of system to the channel estimating error rate, and transmission means comprises TDD mode and FDD mode.Channel estimation technique is included in the channel estimating under FDD and TDD transmission means.The channel estimating of FDD system needs based on feedback link, and the TDD system is by the reciprocity of up-downgoing channel, and transfer point is utilized the uplink channel estimation downlink channel condition information, so the TDD system does not need proprietary based on feedback link.
The realization of AA-BF needs accurate channel condition information, and the accuracy of channel condition information will directly affect the entire system performance.Channel estimating is exactly to estimate the coefficient in the Shuo He footpath, footpath of actual channel by certain algorithm, with this, can identify the channel impulse response between every secondary transmitting antenna and reception antenna.
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the channel estimation method based on training sequence, transfer point is by sending known training sequence, carry out initial omnidirectional channel estimation at user side, when sending the Useful Information data, utilize initial omnidirectional channel estimated result once to adjudicate renewal, obtain real-time omnidirectional channel information CSI-O.User side feeds back to transfer point by CSI-O by based on feedback link.
Step 3, obtain the true wave beam in space.
The beam-forming method that the AA-BF method adopts feature wave-beam shaping method commonly used in prior art and estimates based on direction of arrival (DOA).The omnidirectional channel state information CSI-O that in the embodiment of the present invention, transfer point is obtained by step 2, adopt the feature wave-beam shaping algorithm to make each subarray produce 4 wave beams, because the system of the embodiment of the present invention always has 4 subarrays, therefore system can produce 16 wave beams altogether.
Feature wave-beam shaping is a kind of array antenna beam forming technique, and the correlation matrix that its concrete implementation is transfer point pair array channel response carries out Eigenvalues Decomposition according to following formula:
Wherein, C
kbe the correlation matrix of k subarray channel response, h
kbe the channel response matrix of k subarray, the present embodiment k=1,2,3,4, ()
hrepresent conjugate transpose, V
i, kbe i characteristic value characteristic of correspondence vector, the array number that M is each subarray, the present embodiment M=4.
Be weighted and obtain a plurality of wave beams with different characteristic value characteristic of correspondence vector pair array, and separate between these wave beams.
Transfer point is carried out Eigenvalues Decomposition to the correlation matrix of 4 subarray channel responses respectively, after decomposing, each subarray can obtain 4 characteristic values, because the system of the present embodiment always has 4 subarrays, therefore can produce 16 characteristic values, corresponding always have 16 characteristic vectors, any one characteristic vector is weighted and can obtains a wave beam corresponding array.By these 16 characteristic values, according to being sorted from big to small, the weighted factor of each subarray (characteristic value characteristic of correspondence vector) also sorts.
Step 4, front n wave beam transmission data.
Front n the corresponding characteristic vector of characteristic value in transfer point selecting step 3 is weighted corresponding subarray, and now system can obtain n wave beam, and transfer point adopts this n wave beam transmission data.
Step 5, equivalent channel is estimated.
The realization of MIMO-BF needs accurate channel information equally, and the accuracy of channel condition information will directly affect the entire system performance.
Now channel is the equivalent channel of having finished after AA-BF, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the channel estimation method based on training sequence, transfer point is by sending known training sequence, carry out initial equivalent channel estimation at user side, when sending the Useful Information data, utilize initial equivalent channel estimated result once to adjudicate renewal, obtain real-time equivalent channel and estimate CSI-E.User side feeds back to transfer point by CSI-E by based on feedback link.
Step 6, obtain the MIMO virtual beams.
The MIMO-BF method adopts singular value decomposition method and geometric mean decomposition method commonly used in prior art.In the embodiment of the present invention, transfer point, to obtained equivalent channel state information CSI-E, adopts singular value decomposition (SVD) to carry out the MIMO transmit beamforming.The SVD of channel matrix H decomposes as follows:
H＝USV
H
In formula, V and U are unitary matrice; The diagonal matrix that S is comprised of singular value; V
hit is Hermitian (complex conjugate transposition) matrix of V.Unitary matrice is defined as
V
HV＝VV
H＝I
The diagonal values of S is nonnegative value, and descending.The front N of V
ssrow are used as the transmission beam weighted value.N wherein
ssfor the spatial flow number.
The reason that the embodiment of the present invention adopts SVD to calculate the V matrix is, in the situation that linear receiver it can reach the performance of maximum likelihood, thereby greatly simplified the design of receiver.
Step 7, obtain associating BF performance number.
System, after finishing the array antenna beam shaping, adopts the MIMO beam-forming method to carry out transfer of data, has realized the defeated shaping of associating ripple.System adopt with its computational methods corresponding to the performance of paying close attention to obtain the systematic function value after the united beam shaping.Corresponding computational methods comprise the computational methods of throughput, coverage and the availability of frequency spectrum, and these computational methods are the general method in this area.Due to the throughput of the present embodiment attention location system, so the time system calculate the throughput of system Q after united beam is shaped according to order of modulation, code rate, channel width and number of sub carrier wave
n.
Step 8, choose the numbers of beams that optimum AA-BF sends.
System, by constantly adjusting the transmission numbers of beams of each subarray AA-BF, makes the associating BF performance of AA-BF and MIMO-BF reach optimum.
The associating performance number Qn of the more current AA-BF through MIMO-BF and n wave beam of transmission of the present embodiment transfer point and the size of combining performance number Qn-1 of process MIMO-BF and the AA-BF that sends n-1 wave beam, if Qn is less than Qn-1, obtain the numbers of beams n=n-1 that optimum AA-BF sends, proceed to step 9.If Qn is more than or equal to Qn-1, n=n+1, if now n is greater than total numbers of beams 16 that AA-BF produces, obtain the numbers of beams n=n-1 that optimum AA-BF sends, and proceeds to step 9; If n is less than or equal to total numbers of beams 16 that AA-BF produces, proceed to step 4.
Step 9, the transmission data.
After top step, now transfer point has obtained the transmission numbers of beams n that makes the throughput of system maximum.The AA-BF transmission data of transfer point associating MIMO-BF and n wave beam of transmission, now can obtain maximum throughput of system.
Claims (5)
1. one kind based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) initialization, transfer point will send numbers of beams n and be made as 1, initial beam performance number Q
0be made as 0;
(2) obtain the omnidirectional channel state information, the difference according to communication system to performance requirement and transmission means, transmitting terminal adopts channel estimation technique to complete the omnidirectional channel estimation, obtains omnidirectional channel state information CSI-O;
(3) obtain the true wave beam in space, transfer point adopts the array antenna beam manufacturing process to obtain N wave beam to the CSI-O obtained, to the characteristic value of N wave beam performance index according to sorting from big to small;
(4) front n wave beam transmission data, transfer point is by front n the wave beam transmission data in an ordering N wave beam;
(5) equivalent channel is estimated, the difference according to communication system to performance requirement and transmission means, and the equivalent channel that transmitting terminal adopts channel estimation technique to complete finishing after array antenna beam is shaped is estimated, obtains equivalent channel state information CSI-E;
(6) obtain virtual beams, transfer point, to obtained CSI-E, adopts the MIMO beam-forming method to obtain MIMO space virtual wave beam;
(7) obtain associating BF performance number Q
n, system, after finishing array antenna beam and being shaped, adopts the MIMO beam-forming method to carry out transfer of data, realizes that united beam is shaped, system adopt with its computational methods corresponding to the performance of paying close attention to obtain the systematic function value Q after the united beam shaping
n;
(8) choose the numbers of beams that optimum array antenna beam is shaped and sends, the more current systematic function value Q be shaped through the array antenna beam of associating MIMO beam forming and n wave beam of transmission of transfer point
nwith the systematic function value Q be shaped through associating MIMO beam forming and the array antenna beam that sends n-1 wave beam
n-1size;
If 8a) Q
n-1be less than or equal to Q
nbe false, n=n-1, this formula means that array antenna beam is shaped and sends numbers of beams from subtracting 1, wherein n is the optimal beam number that array antenna beam is shaped and sends, and proceeds to step (9);
If 8b) Q
n-1be less than or equal to Q
nset up, n=n+1, this formula means that array antenna beam is shaped and sends numbers of beams from adding 1, if being less than or equal to N, n is false, n=n-1, wherein the optimal beam number of n for sending, proceed to step (9), if n is less than or equal to N, sets up, and returns to step (4);
(9) transmission data, system, after finishing the array antenna beam shaping, adopts MIMO beam-forming method transmission data.
2. according to claim 1 based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, it is characterized in that, wave beam performance number in described step (1) refers to three indexs of throughput, coverage, the availability of frequency spectrum of system, and the performance number of paying close attention to according to system is chosen one of them index and is optimized.
3. according to claim 1 based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, it is characterized in that, channel estimating described in step (2) and (5) adopts the channel estimating of carrying out under FDD and TDD transmission means, and performance requirement refers to the requirement of system to the channel estimating error rate.
4. according to claim 1 based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, it is characterized in that the beam-forming method that the array antenna beam manufacturing process in described step (3) adopts the feature wave-beam shaping method and estimates based on direction of arrival.
5. according to claim 1ly based on array antenna and MIMO joint transmission beam-forming method, it is characterized in that, the MIMO beam-forming method in described step (6) adopts singular value decomposition method and geometric mean decomposition method.
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| US8873662B2 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-10-28 | Ericsson Modems Sa | MIMO configuration methods and apparatus |
| CN102710395B (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2015-04-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Cooperative transmission method based on united beam forming |
| CN103078820B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2016-06-01 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | A kind of efficiently and directionally wireless communications method |
| CN114640410B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-12-08 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Wireless channel type detection method and device |
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| US7697626B2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2010-04-13 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for selecting a beam combination in a MIMO wireless communication system |
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| US7697626B2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2010-04-13 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for selecting a beam combination in a MIMO wireless communication system |
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