CN102205419A - Novel method for preparing load nano zero valent iron - Google Patents
Novel method for preparing load nano zero valent iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN102205419A CN102205419A CN2011100752071A CN201110075207A CN102205419A CN 102205419 A CN102205419 A CN 102205419A CN 2011100752071 A CN2011100752071 A CN 2011100752071A CN 201110075207 A CN201110075207 A CN 201110075207A CN 102205419 A CN102205419 A CN 102205419A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for preparing load nano zero valent iron. The iron source is iron-containing compounds of Fe<2+> and Fe<3+>, such as ferric oleate, ferric hydroxide oxide, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and the like; and the loads are carbon black, active carbon, kieselguhr, zeolite and other load materials. The method is characterized in that: the iron-containing compounds on the loads are reduced into nano zero valent iron under the atmosphere condition and under the reduction action of reducing agents, such as H2, CO, and reduction carbon (such as coke, reduction coal and the like). The preparation method is environment-friendly, and simple and is low in cost; the expensive reducing agents (such as NaBH4 and the like) are avoided, and organic pollutants (such as halogenated hydrocarbon, pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic negative ions (such as NO<3->), and heavy metal (such as Cr<6+>, As<3+>, As<5+>, Cu<2+>, Pb<2+>) and the like can be efficiently removed effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron.
Background technology
Nano zero valence iron (nZVI) technology is a water body recovery technique that grows up over past ten years, is the nanometer technology that a new generation is applied to environmental area, is with a wide range of applications at surface water and underground water pollution reparation field.
The particle diameter of nano zero valence iron generally is controlled at 20-100nm, has double-decker, and the fe of internal layer is surrounded by outer ferriferous oxide, the thick about 10-20nm of shell (Ramos, 2009).The high-specific surface area of nano zero valence iron, high osmosis, high reaction activity can efficiently be removed organic pollution (as halogenated hydrocarbons, agricultural chemicals, PCBs, PAHs), and inorganic anion is (as NO
3 -), heavy metal is (as Cr
6+, As
3+, As
5+, Cu
2+, Pb
2+) wait (Ponder, 2000; Choe, 2000; Li, 2006).Aspect purifying organic, it is TCE basic realization complete dechlorination (Wang, 1997) in 1.7h of 20ml/L that consumption 2g nano zero valence iron can make 100ml concentration.Removing aspect the inorganic matter, in concentration is the nitrate solution of 400mg/L, adding the 4g/L nano zero valence iron, NO
3 -In 30min, promptly all remove (Choe, 2000).
Nano zero valence iron exists form to be divided into decentralized and support type.The preparation method of decentralized Zero-valent Iron is as follows: under the stirring condition, add Fe (II) or Fe (III) precursor body in the aqueous solution, slowly drip excessive strong reductant boron hydride such as NaHB
4, the reduced iron ion is generated nanoscale zero-valent iron, and after centrifugal filtration, sample is preserved in ethanol and is got final product (Sun, 2006; Morgada, 2009; Shahwan, 2008; Wei, 2010; Ramos, 2009).
The common-mode of nano zero valence iron carrying method is: porous carrier (as active carbon, bentonite, shitosan, polymerization macromolecule etc.) fully mixes with the Fe (II) or Fe (III) aqueous solution, and iron ion is written into absorption, enrichment, coprecipitation mode, again through NaHB
4Reduction obtains the support type Zero-valent Iron.This pattern has obtained support type nZVI nanometer or accurate nano material to a certain extent, but low, the easy reunion of load Fe content, heterogeneity and peel off easily.Aspect macromolecule loading, with resin adsorption Fe (II), again through NaHB
4Reduction has prepared resin-carried type nZVI (Ponder, 2000) the earliest.Upload one deck polypropylene amine hydrochloride and polyacrylic resin laminated film at glass ball or carbon film, immerse Fe then
2+The aqueous solution drips excessive NaHB again
4Reduction obtains a kind of film support type nZVI (Huang, 2008).Aspect the inorganic porous material load, be carrier with coal-based soccer star's active carbon, with sodium borohydride (NaBH
4) be reducing agent, divalent iron salt is mixed the back reduction obtain nZVI-AC (Zhu, 2009) with active carbon.A certain proportion of ferrous ion and kaolin are fully mixed, and sonic oscillation 30min fully disperses clay, slowly splashes into NaHB
4To BH
4 -/ Fe
2+Be about 3, ferrous ion finally change into nZVI (
2009).Aspect the ore load, utilize magnalium skin stone (acid treatment) and trivalent iron salt under the magnetic stirring apparatus effect, exchanging completely/adsorbing, centrifugal washing suspension is placed on the mixed liquor (v: v=4: 1) of second alcohol and water, and in mixed liquor, dropwise add boron hydride, results magnalium skin stone-nZVI (Forst, 2010).
Traditional nano zero valence iron preparation method is a liquid phase reduction, utilizes sodium borohydride (NaBH
4) reduced iron ion (Fe
2+Or Fe
3+).Its advantage is that experimental implementation is simple, and feasibility is stronger, and weak point is that reagent cost is higher, the industrial 150-250 unit/kilogram that reaches, and the price of commercial nZVI is approximately 50 dollars/kilogram.The Zero-valent Iron Size Distribution scope of results is wider, and particle diameter and composition are unstable, and can not regenerate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of economy, environmental protection, particle diameter is evenly distributed, the iron load factor is high nano zero valence iron (NZVI) preparation method.
The present invention solves this technical problem the technical scheme that is adopted: the carrier of described loaded article is carbon black, active carbon, diatomite, zeolite even load material, and the activated centre of described loaded article is a nano zero valence iron.
The preparation method of nano zero valence iron (NZVI) is characterized in that: under atmospheric condition, by additional reducing agent H
2, CO, reproducibility C (as coke, go back raw coal etc.) reduction, make that the iron containing compounds on the carrier is reduced into nano zero valence iron.
Concrete steps comprise:
1) iron containing compounds is well dispersed in polarity or the non-polar solven system;
2) iron-containing liquor is dispersed on the carrier, is muddy, and evaporation or vacuum filtration are realized load, drying for standby;
3) heating load thing, continuity or the intermittent additional reducing agent that feeds, cooling back results loaded nano Zero-valent Iron.
3, the preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron according to claim 2, source of iron are Fe
2+Or Fe
3+Iron containing compounds (as iron oleate, iron hydroxide, iron chloride, ferric nitrate etc.).
The preparation method of described novel supported nano zero valence iron, loaded article is carbon black, active carbon, diatomite, zeolite even load material.
The preparation method of described novel supported nano zero valence iron, additional reducing agent is H
2, CO, reproducibility C (as coke, go back raw coal etc.).
The preparation method of described novel supported nano zero valence iron, loaded article is reduced under atmospheric condition.
The preparation method of described novel supported nano zero valence iron, reduction temperature is 600-1500 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The preparation method of this nano zero valence iron is different from traditional liquid phase reduction.One uses additional reducing agent H
2, CO, reproducibility C (as coke, brown coal, carbon black etc.) reduction obtain nano zero valence iron, avoided expensive borane reducing agent sodium hydride (NaBH
4) use; Its two, whole reduction process is carried out under atmospheric condition; Its three, the loaded article of being gathered in the crops can directly be preserved, and need not to clean repeatedly with organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol; Its four, the prepared nano zero valence iron Size Distribution of this method is more even, particle diameter is controlled at 20-200nm.We utilize Fe
2+Or Fe
3+Iron containing compounds (as iron oleate, iron hydroxide, iron chloride, ferric nitrate etc.) as source of iron, materials such as carbon black, active carbon, diatomite, zeolite are as loaded article, make up the dispersing composite bodies system of load matrix and iron containing compounds, by additional reducing agent H
2, CO, reproducibility C (as coke, go back raw coal etc.) reduction, under atmospheric condition, obtain the loaded nano Zero-valent Iron after the heat treated.
Specifically implement to arrange mode:
Embodiment 1:
Preparation or purchase iron oleate all are dispersed in the mixed system of non-polar solven, and iron hydroxide all is dispersed in the mixed system or the FeCl of non-polar solven
3The aqueous solution is got the solution 5ml of above a certain system, and vacuum filtration loads on it on 1.000g carbon black.Collect the residue on the filter paper, first standing over night after the weighing is handled 24h with baking oven in 60 ℃ more immediately.
Embodiment 2:
Get iron oleate-carbon black loadings thing 0.200g, place the tubular type atmosphere furnace thermal treatment zone.Feed N to burner hearth earlier
2, N
2Flow velocity is controlled at 200ml/min, duration 20min.Stop to feed N
2After, feed H to burner hearth
2, H
2Flow velocity is controlled at 100ml/min, duration 20min.Close H
2Gas cylinder is also opened electric furnace, is warming up to 1100 ℃, and adding up heat time heating time is 3h, and per hour the speed batch (-type) with 100ml/min feeds H
2, ventilation duration 5min.Gained loaded article sign situation is seen Fig. 1 (iron oleate-carbon black loadings thing is through the XRD figure after the hydrogen treat) and Fig. 2 (the XRD peak type match map of iron oleate-carbon black loadings thing and 01-087-0722 type α-Fe).
Embodiment 3:
Get iron oleate-activated carbon supported thing 0.200g, place the tubular type atmosphere furnace thermal treatment zone.Feed N to burner hearth earlier
2, N
2Flow velocity is controlled at 500ml/min, duration 20min.Stop to feed N
2After, feed H to burner hearth
2, H
2Flow velocity is controlled at 100ml/min, duration 20min.Close H
2Gas cylinder is also opened electric furnace, is warming up to 800 ℃, and adding up heat time heating time is 10h, and per hour the speed batch (-type) with 100ml/min feeds H
2, ventilation duration 5min.
Embodiment 4:
Get iron hydroxide-carbon black loadings thing 0.400g, place the tubular type atmosphere furnace thermal treatment zone.Feed N to burner hearth earlier
2, N
2Flow velocity is controlled at 200ml/min, duration 30min.Stop to feed N
2After, feed H to burner hearth
2, H
2Flow velocity is controlled at 200ml/min, duration 20min.Close H
2Gas cylinder is also opened electric furnace, is warming up to 1000 ℃, and adding up heat time heating time is 10h, and per hour the speed batch (-type) with 100ml/min feeds H
2, ventilation duration 5min.
Embodiment 5:
Get iron hydroxide-activated carbon supported thing 0.400g, place the tubular type atmosphere furnace thermal treatment zone.Feed N to burner hearth earlier
2, N
2Flow velocity is controlled at 500ml/min, duration 20min.Stop to feed N
2After, feed H to burner hearth
2, H
2Flow velocity is controlled at 200ml/min, duration 20min.Close H
2Gas cylinder is also opened electric furnace, is warming up to 1000 ℃, and adding up heat time heating time is 3h, and per hour the speed batch (-type) with 100ml/min feeds H
2, ventilation duration 5min.
Embodiment 6:
Get iron oleate-carbon black loadings thing 0.400g, place the tubular type atmosphere furnace thermal treatment zone.Feed N to burner hearth earlier
2, N
2Flow velocity is controlled at 200ml/min, duration 20min.Stop to feed N
2After, feed H to burner hearth
2, H
2Flow velocity is controlled at 100ml/min.Open electric furnace behind the 20min, be warming up to 1000 ℃, adding up heat time heating time is 1h.
Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is that iron oleate-carbon black loadings thing is through the XRD figure after the hydrogen treat.
Fig. 2 is the XRD peak type match map of iron oleate-carbon black loadings thing and 01-087-0722 type α-Fe.
Claims (7)
1. novel supported nano zero valence iron is characterized in that: this is the loaded nano material, and the activated centre of described loaded article is a nano zero valence iron.
2. the preparation method of a novel supported nano zero valence iron is characterized in that: under atmospheric condition, by additional reducing agent H
2, CO, reproducibility C (as coke, go back raw coal etc.) reduction, make that the iron containing compounds on the carrier is reduced into nano zero valence iron.
Concrete steps comprise:
1) iron containing compounds is well dispersed in polarity or the non-polar solven system;
2) iron-containing liquor all is dispersed on the carrier, is muddy, and evaporation or vacuum filtration are realized load, drying for standby;
3) heating load thing, continuity or the intermittent additional reducing agent that feeds, cooling back results loaded nano Zero-valent Iron.
3. the preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron according to claim 2, source of iron is Fe
2+Or Fe
3+Iron containing compounds (as iron oleate, iron hydroxide, iron chloride, ferric nitrate etc.).
4. the preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron according to claim 2, loaded article is carbon black, active carbon, diatomite, zeolite even load material.
5. the preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron according to claim 2, additional reducing agent is H
2, CO, reproducibility C (as coke, go back raw coal etc.).
6. the preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron according to claim 2, loaded article is reduced under atmospheric condition.
7. the preparation method of novel supported nano zero valence iron according to claim 2, reduction temperature is 600-1500 ℃.
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