CN102181883B - Aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure of horizontal current in controllable regulation aluminum liquid - Google Patents
Aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure of horizontal current in controllable regulation aluminum liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN102181883B CN102181883B CN201110089796A CN201110089796A CN102181883B CN 102181883 B CN102181883 B CN 102181883B CN 201110089796 A CN201110089796 A CN 201110089796A CN 201110089796 A CN201110089796 A CN 201110089796A CN 102181883 B CN102181883 B CN 102181883B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure of horizontal current in controllable regulation aluminum liquid. A continuously or partially bulged cathode steel bar is used or a cushion material with high electric conductivity is cushioned at the partial position between a common rectangular steel bar and a cathode carbon block, so that the distribution and the size of the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can be readjusted by the cathode structure. Structural parameters are determined by the cathode structure according to an actual groove-type design, the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can be obviously reduced when the cathode structure is used in an aluminum electrolysis cell, and the distribution of the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can be optimized to prevent an area with higher horizontal current density from being superposed with an area having a larger vertical magnetic field, so that the effects of weakening the vertical fluctuation of the aluminum liquid and stabilizing the horizontal motion of a melt are achieved; therefore, electrolysis can be operated within a relatively short electrode distance, energy consumption can be reduced greatly, and the cathode structure is easy and convenient to process and is easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aluminium cell field, particularly design the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in a kind of controllable adjustment aluminium liquid.
Background technology
Tradition Hall-Ai Lutefa (Hall-H é roult) aluminum electrolysis process is the unique method of industrial aluminium metallurgy always.In the conventional aluminum electrolyzer; Electric current flows in the groove from aluminium guide bar, flows out from the groove sidepiece through anode, ionogen, aluminium liquid and cathode carbon pieces and rod iron, because the outflow direction of electric current becomes 90 degree folder degree with inflow direction; And the resistivity of aluminium liquid is far smaller than ionogen and cathode carbon pieces; Therefore turning to greatly of electric current occurs in the aluminium liquid layer, formed the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, and horizontal current not only can enlarge markedly vertical magnetic field; And itself and vertical magnetic field acting in conjunction, influence the stability of magnetic fluid in the groove.Charcoal piece and rod iron all are horizontal structures in traditional cathode structure of aluminium cell; The effect that the pressure drop that does not have consideration on the aluminum liquid horizontal direction, to exist produces for horizontal current; Therefore have very big horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, excessive horizontal current causes excessive electromagnetic force, and then causes the fluctuation that aluminium liquid is violent and the gross distortion at ionogen-aluminium liquid interface; Electrolytic process must carry out under higher pole span condition, causes a large amount of useless energy consumptions thus.Therefore, for how reducing to be present in the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, not only realizing that for the electrolysis of aluminum industry energy-saving and cost-reducing good development is significant, also is simultaneously essence means that solve hydromagnetic stability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides and a kind ofly can significantly reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, and the distribution of optimizing horizontal current in the aluminium liquid is to avoid the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the direct eclipsed controllable adjustment aluminium liquid in the bigger zone of the bigger zone of its horizontal current density and vertical magnetic field.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid provided by the invention; Comprise that cathode carbon pieces, cathode steel bar and rod iron charcoal stick with paste, the side that described cathode steel bar is connected with described cathode carbon pieces is provided with at least one projection and perhaps is provided with at least one bed hedgehopping material and is connected with described cathode carbon pieces is supporting through described rod iron charcoal paste.
Projection that described cathode steel bar is provided with or the bed hedgehopping material that is provided with do not appear at the two ends and the central part of described cathode carbon pieces.
Described cathode steel bar is non-elongated type, and every described cathode steel bar is provided with a projection.
Described cathode steel bar is elongated type, and every described cathode steel bar is provided with two projections.
The cross section of described cathode steel bar is a rectangle; If the described cathode steel bar that uses non-elongated type then every described cathode steel bar is provided with a described bed hedgehopping material, if the described cathode steel bar that uses elongated type then every described cathode steel bar be provided with two blocks of described bed hedgehopping materials.
Described projection is continuous projection or local projection.
The cross section of described bed hedgehopping material is a rectangle.
The cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid of employing technique scheme; The cathode construction monnolithic case is constant; Keep advance electricity and go out power mode consistent with conventional cathode; And integral part is consistent with conventional cathode, contains all that cathode carbon pieces, rod iron charcoal are stuck with paste, cathode steel bar, its difference be cathode carbon pieces inner with the cathode steel bar connecting portion be that the shape of dovetail-indent changes to some extent; Therefore can not cause the design again and the processing at other positions of aluminium cell except that cathode carbon pieces, production and installation that can the remarkably influenced cathode portion yet.This cathode construction uses the cathode steel bar and the cathode carbon pieces of projection or local bed hedgehopping to connect and compose; Make the electric field of whole cathode construction be optimized; Therefore can significantly reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid; And the distribution of optimizing horizontal current in the aluminium liquid is to avoid the bigger zone of bigger zone of its horizontal current density and vertical magnetic field directly overlapping; So the production when adopting the electric tank working of this structure under the low pole span condition of moving little, the easy realization of aluminium fluid wave makes that bath voltage is low, job stability is strong, comprehensive energy consumption is low.
The present invention is owing to adopt said structure, compares with existing cathode construction to possess following advantage:
Adopt ordinary steel bar structure cathode structure of aluminium cell, the maximum zone of horizontal current density is not the limit portion that appears at aluminium liquid, does not appear at the middle part of aluminium liquid yet, but appears at the position of inclined to one side limit, the centre portion of aluminium liquid layer.According to this kind distributional pattern; In the structure of the present invention, because the bed hedgehopping material of cathode steel bar or cathode steel bar all has good electrical conductivity, specific conductivity is wanted obvious carbon materials greater than negative electrode; Therefore optimized the voltage distribution situation in cathode construction inside; Outstanding or bed hedgehopping material on the cathode steel bar then attracts electric current to flow into cathode steel bar from projection or bed hedgehopping material more easily, on trend, has promptly reduced electric current deflection in the horizontal direction, so reduced the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid.Because horizontal current has very big contribution effect to vertical magnetic field, thus horizontal current reduce also make vertical magnetic field also reduce to some extent, then the reactive force of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field is also littler.Because horizontal electromagnetic force is to cause that the moving major reason of aluminium fluid wave gains public acceptance; So the vertical fluctuation that reduces meeting reduction aluminium liquid of electromagnetic force and the horizontal flow of stable aluminium liquid; Then electrolysis can be carried out under lower pole span, and bath voltage can significantly reduce, and reduces the energy consumption of electrolysis of aluminum.
In sum; The present invention a kind ofly can significantly reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, and the distribution of optimizing horizontal current in the aluminium liquid is to avoid the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the direct eclipsed controllable adjustment aluminium liquid in the bigger zone of the bigger zone of its horizontal current density and vertical magnetic field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the semi-section synoptic diagram of traditional cathode structure of aluminium cell.
Fig. 2 is a semi-section synoptic diagram that adopts continuous projection type cathode steel bar in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the semi-section synoptic diagram that adopts local bed hedgehopping type cathode steel bar according in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the elongated and continuous projection type of the employing in the embodiment of the invention 3 cathode steel bar.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view that adopts the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of elongated and local projection type cathode steel bar according in the embodiment of the invention 4.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view that adopts the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of non-elongated and continuous projection type cathode steel bar in the embodiment of the invention 5.
Fig. 7 is the sectional view that adopts the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of non-elongated and local projection type cathode steel bar according in the embodiment of the invention 6.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 2 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the elongated and continuous projection type of employing of the present invention cathode steel bar, and by cathode carbon pieces 1, cathode steel bar 2, rod iron charcoal are stuck with paste 3 and formed.In the present embodiment; Total length 3000～the 4000mm of cathode carbon pieces 1; Wide 400～700mm; High 400～600mm; Cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom has a cross section continually varying dovetail-indent along its length, the corresponding with it embedded elongated cathode steel bar 2 that is provided with continuous projection 5 of a dovetail-indent, and the highest protruding part of the continuous projection 5 on the cathode steel bar 2 is apart from cathode carbon pieces 1 current output terminal edge 400～1200mm; Continuously the rising height of the highest protruding part of projection 5 is 50～120mm with respect to common rod iron, and the processing of cathode steel bar 2 is according to from cathode steel bar 2, increasing to the vertex linearity corresponding to cathode carbon pieces 1 marginal position and corresponding to the mid-way.This kind structure makes the electric current in the aluminium liquid flow into cathode steel bar 2 from continuous projection 5 (referring to that the zone of cathode steel bar in whole negative electrode all is in a kind of projection of slope) more easily; Thereby reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid significantly; Avoid the maximum region overlapping of bigger zone of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field, the vertical fluctuation and the maintenance level of reduction aluminium liquid flow, and improve electrolyzer stability; And bigger reduction pole span, electrolyzer is cut down the consumption of energy.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 3 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the elongated and local bed hedgehopping type of employing of the present invention cathode steel bar, by cathode carbon pieces 1, and cathode steel bar 2, the rod iron charcoal sticks with paste 3, and bed hedgehopping material 4 is formed.In the present embodiment, the total length 3000～4000mm of cathode carbon pieces 1, wide 400～700mm; High 400～600mm, cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom has a dovetail-indent along its length, and the corresponding with it embedded part of dovetail-indent is provided with the cathode steel bar 2 of bed hedgehopping material 4; The cross section of cathode steel bar 2 is rectangles; Cathode steel bar 2 is processed according to traditional structure, when carrying out the cathode construction assembling, and the good bed hedgehopping material 4 of electroconductibility of jumping a queue of the bed hedgehopping position in the dovetail-indent of correspondence; The cross section of bed hedgehopping material 4 is rectangles, and makes this bed hedgehopping material 4 and cathode steel bar 2 keep excellent contact.If use 2 every cathode steel bars 2 of cathode steel bar of non-elongated type to be provided with a bed hedgehopping material 4, if use 2 every cathode steel bars 2 of cathode steel bar of elongated type to be provided with two blocks of bed hedgehopping materials 4.Make this kind structure make the electric current in the aluminium liquid flow into cathode steel bar 2 from bed hedgehopping material 4 more easily; Thereby reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid significantly; Avoid the maximum region overlapping of bigger zone of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field, the vertical fluctuation and the maintenance level of reduction aluminium liquid flow, and improve electrolyzer stability; And bigger reduction pole span, electrolyzer is cut down the consumption of energy.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 4 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the elongated and continuous projection type of employing of the present invention cathode steel bar, and by cathode carbon pieces 1, cathode steel bar 2, rod iron charcoal are stuck with paste 3 and formed.In the present embodiment; Total length 3000～the 4000mm of cathode carbon pieces 1; Wide 400～700mm; High 400～600mm; Cathode bottom has two cross section continually varying dovetail-indents along its length, the corresponding with it embedded elongated cathode steel bar 2 that is provided with continuous projection 5 of every dovetail-indent, and the highest protruding part of the continuous projection 5 on the elongated cathode steel bar 2 is apart from cathode carbon pieces 1 current output terminal edge 400～1200mm; Continuously the rising height of the highest protruding part of projection 5 is 50～120mm with respect to common rod iron, and the processing of cathode steel bar 2 is according to from cathode steel bar 2, increasing to the vertex linearity corresponding to cathode carbon pieces 1 marginal position and corresponding to the mid-way.This kind structure makes the electric current in the aluminium liquid flow into cathode steel bar 2 from continuous projection 5 more easily; Thereby reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid significantly; Avoid the maximum region overlapping of bigger zone of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field, the vertical fluctuation and the maintenance level of reduction aluminium liquid flow, and improve electrolyzer stability; And bigger reduction pole span, electrolyzer is cut down the consumption of energy.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figure 5 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the elongated and local projection type of employing of the present invention cathode steel bar, and by cathode carbon pieces 1, cathode steel bar 2, rod iron charcoal are stuck with paste 3 and formed.In the present embodiment; Total length 3000～the 4000mm of cathode carbon pieces 1, wide 400～700mm, high 400～600mm; Cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom has two cross section part continually varying dovetail-indents along its length; With it to every embedded cathode steel bar 2 that is provided with local projection 6 of dovetail-indent should be arranged, the highest protruding part of the local projection 6 on the cathode steel bar 2 is between apart from cathode carbon pieces 1 current output terminal edge 400～1000mm, and the rising height of high protruding part of local projection 6 is in 50～120mm with respect to common rod iron; The processing of cathode steel bar 2 is according to increasing to the vertex linearity from the two positions corresponding to both sides, the protruding part 100～400mm of local projection 6 (referring to a bit of regional area projection of cathode steel bar in negative electrode); Make this kind structure make the electric current in the aluminium liquid flow into rod iron from local projection 6 more easily, thereby reduce the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid significantly, avoid the maximum region overlapping of bigger zone of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field; The vertical fluctuation and the maintenance level of reduction aluminium liquid flow; Improve electrolyzer stability, and bigger reduction pole span, electrolyzer is cut down the consumption of energy.
Embodiment 5:
As shown in Figure 6 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the non-elongated and continuous projection type cathode steel bar of employing of the present invention, and by cathode carbon pieces 1, cathode steel bar 2, rod iron charcoal are stuck with paste 3 and formed.In the present embodiment; Total length 3000～the 4000mm of cathode carbon pieces 1, wide 400～700mm, high 400～600mm; Cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom has several cross section continually varying dovetail-indents along its length; With it to every embedded cathode steel bar 2 that is provided with continuous projection 5 of dovetail-indent should be arranged, the highest protruding part of the continuous projection 5 on the cathode steel bar 2 is between apart from cathode carbon pieces 1 current output terminal edge 400～1000mm, and the rising height of the highest protruding part of projection 5 is in 50～120mm with respect to common rod iron continuously; The processing of cathode steel bar 2 is according to from cathode steel bar 2, increasing to the vertex linearity corresponding to cathode carbon pieces 1 marginal position and corresponding to cathode steel bar 2 inner end positions; This kind structure makes the electric current in the aluminium liquid flow into cathode steel bar 2 from continuous projection 5 more easily, thereby reduces the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid significantly, avoids the maximum region overlapping of bigger zone of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field; The vertical fluctuation and the maintenance level of reduction aluminium liquid flow; Improve electrolyzer stability, and bigger reduction pole span, electrolyzer is cut down the consumption of energy.
Embodiment 6:
As shown in Figure 7 is the sectional view of the cathode structure of aluminium cell length direction of the non-elongated and local projection type cathode steel bar of employing of the present invention, and by cathode carbon pieces 1, cathode steel bar 2, rod iron charcoal are stuck with paste 3 and formed.In the present embodiment; Total length 3000～the 4000mm of cathode carbon pieces 1, wide 400～700mm, high 400～600mm; Cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom has several cross section part continually varying dovetail-indents along its length; With it to every embedded cathode steel bar 2 that is provided with local projection 6 of dovetail-indent should be arranged, the highest protruding part of the local projection 6 on the cathode steel bar 2 is between apart from cathode carbon pieces 1 current output terminal edge 400～1000mm, and the rising height of high protruding part of local projection 6 is in 50～120mm with respect to common rod iron; The processing of cathode steel bar 2 is according to from increasing to the vertex linearity corresponding to the two positions of local projection 6 both sides, 100～400mm; This kind structure makes the electric current in the aluminium liquid flow into cathode steel bar 2 from local projection 6 more easily, thereby reduces the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid significantly, avoids the maximum region overlapping of bigger zone of horizontal current and vertical magnetic field; The vertical fluctuation and the maintenance level of reduction aluminium liquid flow; Improve electrolyzer stability, and bigger reduction pole span, electrolyzer is cut down the consumption of energy.
Claims (6)
1. the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid; Comprise cathode carbon pieces (1), cathode steel bar (2) and rod iron charcoal paste (3); It is characterized in that: the side that described cathode steel bar (2) is connected with described cathode carbon pieces (1) is provided with at least one projection or is provided with at least one bed hedgehopping material (4) and sticks with paste (3) and supporting connection of described cathode carbon pieces (1) through described rod iron charcoal, and projection on the described cathode steel bar (2) or bed hedgehopping material (4) do not appear at the two ends and the central part of described cathode carbon pieces (1).
2. the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cathode steel bar (2) is non-elongated type, and every described cathode steel bar (2) is provided with a projection.
3. the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cathode steel bar (2) is elongated type, and every described cathode steel bar (2) is provided with two projections.
4. the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the cross section of described cathode steel bar (2) is a rectangle; If the described cathode steel bar (2) that uses non-elongated type then every described cathode steel bar (2) is provided with a described bed hedgehopping material (4), if the described cathode steel bar (2) that uses elongated type then every described cathode steel bar (2) be provided with two blocks of described bed hedgehopping materials (4).
5. the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described projection is continuous projection (5) or local projection (6).
6. the cathode structure of aluminium cell of horizontal current in the controllable adjustment aluminium liquid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cross section of described bed hedgehopping material (4) is a rectangle.
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| CN110731027A (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2020-01-24 | 安保瑞公司 | Molten salt battery with solid metal cathode |
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