CN102157989A - Closed loop wireless energy supply system for implantable medical electronic device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a closed loop wireless energy supply system for an implantable medical electronic device. An in-vitro energy transmission driving circuit converts external DC power into high frequency AC electrical energy, and transmits the high frequency alternating electrical energy to an in-vivo receiving coil tuned on the same frequency in an electromagnetic coupling way by a transmission coil. A rectification voltage stabilizing circuit converts the AC electrical energy obtained from the receiving coil into DC electrical energy, and provides the DC electrical energy for a charging management circuit to charge an in-vivo rechargeable lithium ion battery. An in-vivo charging state monitoring circuit periodically monitors the charging state of the lithium ion battery. The charging state is processed by an in-vivo processor, and the processed charging state is fed back to an in-vitro processor by a radio frequency transceiver circuit, and is displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) module. Simultaneously, the in-vitro processor controls the external DC power according to the charging state. Therefore, the closed loop wireless energy supply system can monitor the charging state of the implantable medical device and realize timely feedback and control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic information technology and biomedical technology, relate in particular to a kind of closed loop wireless energy supply system of implantable medical electronic device, it be a kind of can carry out simultaneously wireless energy transfer and to power supply state monitor and the closed loop of FEEDBACK CONTROL through the skin wireless energy supply system.
Background technology
Along with the development of microelectronics information technology and biomedical technology, various implantable medical electronic devices diagnosis and treatment field in clinical body has obtained using widely, is bringing into play more and more important effect in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple disease.And one of common techniques problem of implantable medical electronic device is exactly how to provide enough energy to implanting electronic device effectively, keeps its long-term, stable, operation reliably, realizes the function of its expection.
The implantable medical device of clinical practice at present mostly adopts efficiently, and primary cell comes energy supply.The shortcoming of this class energy-provision way is: before the energy content of battery is about to exhaust, must implant new battery again by operation, not only the surgery cost costliness has increased the financial burden of patient family, and brings extra misery and psychological shade to the patient.Based on electromagnetic coupled mode between coil then provide an energy supply scheme more safely and effectively through skin wireless energy transfer mode, for the long-term non-stop run of built-in type device and permanent the implantation provide possibility.
To the wireless energy transfer research of built-in type device early, obtained bigger progress in the world in this technical field.As far back as 1963, people such as Schuder of Missouri, USA university and Stephenson just carried out under rf frequency through skin wireless energy transmission technology initial design and experiment.People such as the Matsuki of northeastern Japan university have also carried out studying for a long period of time to this technology from the eighties in last century.The Gaven Imaging company of the RF company of current Japan, the Smartpill company of the U.S. and Israel has all released the capsule type endoscope product that has through skin wireless energy transfer function mutually.
Domestic research in this field still is in the starting stage, has only a few studies mechanism studying through the skin wireless energy supply the implantable medical electronic device.Also mostly based on theory analysis and simulation experiment study, research work mainly concentrates on the optimization of system capacity transmission, considers the stability of efficient and inductance coupling high, does not also have unified standard for choosing of power transfer frequency to this Study on Technology.Chinese patent " low frequency transcutaneous energy transfer of the medical treatment device that is used to implant " (application number: 200510079670.8) provide a kind of low frequency (about 1~100kHz) power to implantable medical device from the external control module through skin energy delivery scheme.The frequency of choosing in this scheme is too low, though the external control module obtains higher input power, also can avoid owing to the eddy current of the metal shell of implanted device and the power consumption that tissue produces, but the overall transfer efficient of system is not high, thereby there is certain requirement in the implantation depth of device.The at present domestic clinical implantable medical of research level distance is used and is still had a lot of difficult problems that need solution.
The implantable medical electronic device that uses clinically mostly belongs to open cycle system at present, promptly or be that uniaxially acts on human body by embedded system, be that uniaxially extracts bio signal and goes to handle from human body, and can not carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL by the result of institute's remote measurement.Chinese patent " controllable efficient wireless energy supply device that is used for biologic implant " (application number: 200810036568.3) proposed a kind of efficient wireless energy supply device based on the Single-chip Controlling frequency, can realize external transmitter module frequency adjustable joint, but just regulate system frequency is unidirectional, not only fail to realize adjusting, also can't obtain the power supply state of implant devices body interior loop resonance frequency.For the wireless energy supply system of implantable medical electronic device, must from built-in type device, feed back the state of power supply, so that realize effective control, make system can be applicable to all kinds of implantable medical electronic devices to the external energy transmitter module.
Constantly perfect along with the wireless energy transmission technology scheme, the continuous innovation of wireless communication technology, the fast development of semiconductor device, becoming stronger day by day of integrated chip function, medical science is implanted the continuous maturation of encapsulating material, all provides technique guarantee for Application and Development in the invention through skin wireless energy supply system device with complete function of implantable medical electronic device.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of closed loop wireless energy supply system of implantable medical electronic device, can be from external implantable medical electronic device energy supply in body, and can monitor the power supply state of medical device, by feedback effect in external transmitter module.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of closed loop wireless energy supply system of implantable medical electronic device is characterized in that: be provided with external energy transmitter module, external control module, energy i (in vivo) receiver module and body inner control module, wherein:
External energy transmitter module comprises outside DC power supply, energy emission drive circuit and energy transmitting coil, and energy emission drive circuit is provided with high-frequency generator and power amplifier;
External control module comprises external radio-frequency transmission circuit, external microprocessor and LCD display module;
The energy i (in vivo) receiver module comprises energy receiving coil, regulator rectifier circuit, charge management circuit and lithium battery;
Body inner control module comprises radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit in the body, the interior microprocessor of body and charged state observation circuit;
High-frequency generator and power amplifier in the external energy emission drive circuit are the high frequency alternate electric energy with outside DC power source transition, pass to energy i (in vivo) receiving coil on the same resonance frequency by the energy transmitting coil of resonance by the electromagnetic coupled mode, change alternate electric energy into direct current energy via regulator rectifier circuit, give lithium cell charging through charge management circuit, lithium battery provides power supply to the implantable medical electronic device; External microprocessor inputs to microprocessor in the body by external radio-frequency transmission circuit timing radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit transmitting supervisory instruction in body, microprocessor is monitored the charged state of lithium battery by the charged state observation circuit in the body, to the charging current that comprises that monitors, voltage is sampled, relatively, judge, gather its temperature parameter simultaneously after after microprocessor is handled in the body, send to the external radio-frequency transmission circuit by radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit in the body, uploading to external microprocessor more also shows on LCD simultaneously, external microprocessor is controlled outside DC power supply according to charged state and the temperature information received, the state if charging does not reach capacity, the operate as normal that then keeps external power source continues to give battery charge in the body; If the charging state that reached capacity is then closed external power source, stop charging, realize implantable medical device power supply state is monitored and the timely closed loop wireless energy supply system of FEEDBACK CONTROL.
Said external energy transmitting coil adopts series resonance, the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil adopts parallel resonance, external energy transmitting coil adopts multiturn insulation enamel covered wire to make, the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil adopts the PCB planar spiral winding of double-deck series connection, according to frequency the inductance value and the equivalent winding of coil calculated qualification during the design of external energy transmitting coil, and it is carried out series compensation, to obtain the highest transmitting power, high-frequency generator is a square-wave oscillator, operating frequency is selected 3.28MHz for use, to reduce the volume of energy i (in vivo) receiving coil, power amplifier adopts the E power-like amplifier.
Regulator rectifier circuit comprises diode bridge rectifier circuit and LC filter network in the said body, voltage stabilizing circuit adopts the two-stage structure of voltage regulation of linear voltage stabilization behind the first switch voltage-stabilizing, it is lithium cell charging that first order voltage stabilizing exports charge management circuit to, and second level voltage stabilizing is exported through realizing dual power supply behind the back-pressure circuit.
In the native system, removing the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil is implanted in subcutaneous, circuit in other external energy transmitter modules, external control module, energy i (in vivo) receiver module and the body inner control module then with the implantable medical electron device package together, be implanted in medical position, the circuit of implantation and device all use the organic material with biocompatibility to encapsulate.
Advantage of the present invention and remarkable result:
1) the present invention's employing is the energy supply of implantable medical electronic device through skin wireless energy supply mode, has prolonged the useful life of medical electronics device, has reduced patient's psychology and financial burden, has improved patients ' life quality;
2) the present invention combines wireless energy transmission technology scheme and wireless communication technology scheme, set up be used for the implantable medical electronic device closed loop through the skin wireless energy transfer system, can monitor the charging status information of battery according to the body inner control circuit, the mode of information by radio communication fed back to external control circuit, outside DC power supply is controlled, improved the adaptivity and the stability of wireless energy supply system, realized also more flexibly with convenient;
3) the present invention utilizes double-deck series connection PCB planar spiral winding as receiving coil, not only be easy to tuning and resonance frequency fixing of coil, and fully utilized multiple method for designing, improved the quality factor of coil, reduce the size of receiver module, the implantation that helps device is used;
4) output of native system can have multiple level voltage, is applicable to the low-power consumption implantable medical electronic device of various duplicate supplys or single supply;
5) the present invention provides an application mode widely for the energy supply of implantable medical electronic device, and can solve the energy supply problem that obstructs practical clinicalization of various implantable medical electronic devices.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit system theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an external energy transmitter module structured flowchart among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is an energy i (in vivo) receiver module structured flowchart among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a body inner control modular structure block diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an external control module structured flowchart among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the interior receiving coil of body among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention should be not limited to following embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1,2, system of the present invention is provided with external energy transmitter module, external control module, energy i (in vivo) receiver module and body inner control module, energy emission drive circuit 2 in the external energy transmitter module changes outside DC power supply 1 into the high frequency alternate electric energy, energy transmitting coil 3 via resonance forms effective electromagnetic field again, by electromagnetic coupled mode maximal efficiency pass to the energy receiving coil 4 that is tuned on the same frequency.Regulator rectifier circuit 5 changes the alternate electric energy that energy receiving coil 4 is coupled to into direct current energy again, supply with charge management circuit 6 and give the miniature rechargeable lithium ion batteries in the body 7 chargings, 7 application terminal implantable medical electronic devices 8 for native system of lithium ion battery provide power supply.Starting working when external energy transmitter module is after mains switch is opened, external control module is with the regular time interval, by external microprocessor 13 transmitting supervisories instruction, this instruction is through after encoding, via the microprocessor 10 in the radio communication arrival body of radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit 11 in external radio-frequency transmission circuit 12 and the body, after microprocessor 10 receives this instruction in the body, charged state by 9 pairs of lithium ion batteries 7 of charged state observation circuit begins to monitor, monitor the charging current of battery 7, voltage is sampled, relatively, judge, gather its temperature parameter simultaneously, after these monitoring informations are encoded via microprocessor in the body 10, arrive external microprocessor 13 by the radio communication between radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit in the body 11 and the external radio-frequency transmission circuit 12 again, obtain corresponding charging status information after the decoding, and on LCD module 14, show.External microprocessor 13 is controlled outside DC power supply 1 according to information about power and temperature information simultaneously: if charge the state that do not reach capacity, then keep the operate as normal of external power source, continue to give battery charge in the body; The state if charging has reached capacity is then closed external power source, stops charging; If it is too high to monitor the temperature of battery in the body, then carry out alarm, and close external power source by sound, stop charging.Control cut-offfing of external power source by the charging status information that feeds back, realized that one is monitored implantable medical device power supply state and the timely closed loop wireless energy supply system of FEEDBACK CONTROL, effectively raises the adaptivity and the stability of energy supplying system.
As shown in Figure 3, energy emission drive circuit 2 in the external energy transmitter module contains 3.28MHz square-wave oscillator 15, E power-like amplifier 16, in theory, the E power-like amplifier has 100% conversion efficiency, can farthest change direct current energy into alternate electric energy and launch, 15 drive signals of square-wave oscillator as E class power amplifier 16 by transmitting coil.It is that the insulation enamel covered wire of 1mm comes coiling that transmitting coil 3 adopts diameters, need calculate qualification to the inductance value and the equivalent winding of coil according to frequency during design, and it is carried out series compensation, to obtain the highest transmitting power.Take all factors into consideration that frequency is too high to be absorbed by bio-tissue and reason such as the underfrequency transmission range is too short easily, the operating frequency of native system is selected 3.28MHz for use, the volume of receiving coil can be at utmost reduced, the electric current of late-class circuit and implantable medical electronic device operate as normal can also be obtained to guarantee simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 4, the energy i (in vivo) receiver module has comprised the receiving coil 4 of parallel resonance, for reducing the size of implant part, simultaneously for increasing the coil quality factor, to improve the efficiency of transmission of system capacity, receiving coil 4 adopts the PCB planar spiral winding of double-deck series connection to design.The structural representation of receiving coil 4 such as Fig. 7, upper strata wire coil and lower metal coil are connected in series by the via metal cabling of pcb board, form the stacked coil of double-deck series connection, should guarantee that when being connected in series upper coil is consistent with the sense of current of inner coil.Alternating voltage on the receiving coil 4 can obtain the level of a higher direct current through diode bridge rectifier circuit 17, but has certain ripple, need carry out filtering.And LC filter circuit 18 is applicable to the big current work mode of the small voltage of late-class circuit in this example, thereby obtains a comparatively ideal direct voltage.For obtaining high efficiency voltage stabilizing efficient, earlier with one-level efficiently switch voltage-stabilizing circuit 19 (adopting the MAX1776 chip) voltage drop is become 5V, and offer charge management circuit 6 (adopt BQ24070 chip), be rechargeable lithium ion batteries 7 chargings, the 4.2V voltage of charge management circuit 6 outputs is then reduced to 3.3V through second level linear voltage-stabilizing circuit 20 (adopting the TPS7333 chip) with voltage, then obtained-3.3V through a back-pressure circuit 21 (adopting the TPS60400 chip) again, thereby the bi-directional power of acquisition ± 3.3V is for the implantable medical electronic device provides energy.
As shown in Figure 5, when microprocessor in the body 10 received from the monitoring of external control module instruction, (adopt the BQ26220 chip, the input/output port of its single line communication provided the prior protocols basis for the design of system to charged state observation circuit 9.) begin information such as the electric weight of lithium ion battery 7 and temperature are monitored, and after handling by microprocessor 10, send to external control module by radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit in the body 11.
As shown in Figure 6, external control module needs timed sending monitoring instruction to give body inner control module after external energy transmitter module is started working, and requires it to monitor and to feed back the charging status information of rechargeable lithium ion batteries in the body.When external radio-frequency transmission circuit 12 has received the charging status information of battery in the body, send external microprocessor 13 immediately to and handle, and on LCD display module (adopting the 12864LCD Liquid Crystal Module), show.External microprocessor 13 sends switch controlling signal 22 and links to each other with outside DC power supply 1 control switch by an one control end, judge whether to continue power supply according to the battery charging state information that receives, the interior battery electric quantity of body has reached saturation condition or the battery temperature overrun then sends control information if monitor, turn-off outside DC power supply, stop wireless charging.For guaranteeing the consistency of wireless communication protocol, the inside and outside radio communication circuit of above-mentioned charging status information is all selected the 2.4G rf chip CC2430 that has low-power consumption, has 51 kernel microprocessors for use.
Be to obtain high-transmission efficient, energy receiving coil 4 is implanted in subcutaneous, other device circuitry then are packaged together with 8 of implantable medical electronics devices in the body of wireless energy supply system, are implanted in medical position.And circuit and the device implanted all use the organic material with biocompatibility to encapsulate.
Claims (4)
1. the closed loop wireless energy supply system of an implantable medical electronic device is characterized in that: be provided with external energy transmitter module, external control module, energy i (in vivo) receiver module and body inner control module, wherein:
External energy transmitter module comprises outside DC power supply, energy emission drive circuit and energy transmitting coil, and energy emission drive circuit is provided with high-frequency generator and power amplifier;
External control module comprises external radio-frequency transmission circuit, external microprocessor and LCD display module;
The energy i (in vivo) receiver module comprises energy receiving coil, regulator rectifier circuit, charge management circuit and lithium battery;
Body inner control module comprises radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit in the body, the interior microprocessor of body and charged state observation circuit;
High-frequency generator and power amplifier in the external energy emission drive circuit are the high frequency alternate electric energy with outside DC power source transition, pass to energy i (in vivo) receiving coil on the same resonance frequency by the energy transmitting coil of resonance by the electromagnetic coupled mode, change alternate electric energy into direct current energy via regulator rectifier circuit, give lithium cell charging through charge management circuit, lithium battery provides power supply to the implantable medical electronic device; External microprocessor inputs to microprocessor in the body by external radio-frequency transmission circuit timing radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit transmitting supervisory instruction in body, microprocessor is monitored the charged state of lithium battery by the charged state observation circuit in the body, to the charging current that comprises that monitors, voltage is sampled, relatively, judge, gather its temperature parameter simultaneously after after microprocessor is handled in the body, send to the external radio-frequency transmission circuit by radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit in the body, uploading to external microprocessor more also shows on LCD simultaneously, external microprocessor is controlled outside DC power supply according to charged state and the temperature information received, the state if charging does not reach capacity, the operate as normal that then keeps external power source continues to give battery charge in the body; If the charging state that reached capacity is then closed external power source, stop charging, realize implantable medical device power supply state is monitored and the timely closed loop wireless energy supply system of FEEDBACK CONTROL.
2. the closed loop wireless energy supply system of implantable medical electronic device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: external energy transmitting coil adopts series resonance, the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil adopts parallel resonance, external energy transmitting coil adopts multiturn insulation enamel covered wire to make, the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil adopts the PCB planar spiral winding of double-deck series connection, according to frequency the inductance value and the equivalent winding of coil calculated qualification during the design of external energy transmitting coil, and it is carried out series compensation, to obtain the highest transmitting power, high-frequency generator is a square-wave oscillator, operating frequency adopts 3.28MHz, to reduce the volume of energy i (in vivo) receiving coil, power amplifier adopts the E power-like amplifier.
3. the closed loop wireless energy supply system of implantable medical electronic device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Regulator rectifier circuit comprises diode bridge rectifier circuit and LC filter network in the body, voltage stabilizing circuit adopts the two-stage structure of voltage regulation of linear voltage stabilization behind the first switch voltage-stabilizing, it is lithium cell charging that first order voltage stabilizing exports charge management circuit to, and second level voltage stabilizing is exported through realizing dual power supply behind the back-pressure circuit.
4. according to the closed loop wireless energy supply system of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described implantable medical electronic devices, it is characterized in that: in the system, removing the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil is implanted in subcutaneous, circuit in other external energy transmitter modules, external control module, energy i (in vivo) receiver module and the body inner control module then with the implantable medical electron device package together, be implanted in medical position, the circuit of implantation and device all use the organic material with biocompatibility to encapsulate.
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