CN102149790B

CN102149790B - Optical device and system for privacy or contrast enhancement and methods of use thereof

Info

Publication number: CN102149790B
Application number: CN2008801311316A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 迈克尔·F·弗雷; 詹姆斯·F·芒罗
Original assignee: Orafol Americas Inc
Current assignee: Reflexite Corp; Orafol Americas Inc
Priority date: 2008-08-07
Filing date: 2008-08-07
Publication date: 2013-06-12
Anticipated expiration: 2028-08-07
Also published as: CN102149790A; WO2010016843A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an optical device for privacy or contrast enhancement of a viewing display. Also disclosed are a system including the optical device and methods of improving privacy or contrast of a viewing display, such as a plasma display panel, a liquid crystal display panel, an inorganic light emitting diode display panel, or an organic light emitting diode display panel.

Description

Be used for Optical devices and system and using method thereof that privacy or contrast gradient strengthen

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Optical devices and method thereof, these Optical devices can be used as the private screen of observation display or are used for the contrast gradient enhancing of observation display, particularly the daytime/the high ambient light contrast gradient strengthens, described observation display is for example plasm display panel, liquid-crystal display (" LCD ") panel, inorganic light-emitting diode (" iLED ") display pannel or organic light emitting diode (" OLED ") display pannel.

Background technology

Flat screens, particularly plasm display panel (PDP) can produce coloured image with high definition, than the giant-screen diagonal lines and have compact form.Plasma screen comprises the glass guide channel of the blanketing gas of sealing, and it has the electrode of grid-like arrangement.By applying voltage, cause geseous discharge, this mainly produces the light in vacuum ultraviolet ray scope (" VUV ").It is visible light that fluorescence makes this VUV phototransformation, and the header board of glass guide channel is launched this visible light to the viewer.

When with LCD-type large area display or TV relatively the time, PDP has relatively poor contrast gradient under bright observation condition, because surround lighting is by the emission groove reflection of PDP, and washes black in image off.Because LCD and plasma body TV are similar on selling price at present, so contrast performance is just becoming the determinative in dull and stereotyped TV purchase.Plasma body TV manufacturer seeking easy and cheaply method improve contrast gradient, particularly daytime or the high ambient light contrast gradient of their indicating meter, and this can deteriorated other PDP performancees, for example resolving power and axis light brightness or brightness.

Propose several schemes for this problem, comprise various window shutters (louvre) structure.Usually, there be compromise (that is, increase contrast gradient, strainer reduces brightness simultaneously) between the transmissivity of the contrast gradient that increases and reduction.In reality, optimizer system can be realized 70% transmissivity.

A kind of prior-art devices of the black-level be used to improving PDP is showed in Fig. 1.In this configuration,

PDP pixel

10A and 10B are positioned at the back of the glass coating 12 of display pannel, film 15 is installed on the glass coating 12 of described display pannel is absorbed to be used for surround lighting.Surround lighting absorbing film 15 has substrate 18, and a series of black light absorptivity bars 14 are installed on substrate 18, is transparent apertures seam 16 between bar 14.The front 20 of surround lighting absorbing film 15 is transparent, but but veining to reduce the surround lighting dazzle.

In operation, be derived from the ambient light 30 of the light source around PDP, typically from the room ceiling light, be incident on front 20 and be refracted in substrate 18, the secret note 14 at colliding part 40 places afterwards, and be absorbed herein.According to this mode, surround lighting is absorbed and prevents to arrive high reflective pixel 10A and 10B.Yet light for example ray 32 is refracted in substrate 18 by front surface 20, and then missing secret note 14 is not the aperture 16 of passing damply 42 places, position.Then this ray passes glass coating 12, and incides on PDP pixel 10A at 44 places, position, and its backscattering is full hemisphere on position 44.Some back-scattered lights for example ray 36 will be for example at the position 48 places incide on secret note and be absorbed.Yet other rays for example position 46 places of ray 34 between secret note pass the aperture, and leave the PDP system.These rays can easily be seen by the TV viewer, and are grey and by making saturated colour be shown as the observation performance of black dull and pale and deteriorated PDP by making black display.

Surround lighting absorbing film 15 also affects the brightness of PDP, because absorbed by secret note by most of light of pixel emission.For example, 52 light 62 of launching pass glass 12 at the position from pixel 10B, and collide immediately the back of secret note and are absorbed at 54 places at the position.On the other hand, from the light 64 of pixel 10B 50 emissions at the position can be at the position the non-aperture of passing damply surround

lighting absorbing film

15,56 places.

Then in order to obtain high-high brightness, the ratio of the width of hole seam 16 and the pitch of secret note needs to maximize.But how this and black-level performance maximize and are inconsistent, and compromise must the carrying out at light absorping film 15 places between typically transmittance and surround lighting absorb.Because this compromise of the optical transmittance of film and surround lighting absorption characteristic is considered to be inferior to the performance of LCD-escope usually.

Therefore, really need the surround lighting absorbing film, it has high display light transmissivity, and also has the high ambient light absorption, and it is easily to build.The present invention is intended to overcome these and other defectives in this area.

Summary of the invention

Optical devices according to embodiment of the present invention comprise the first and second apparent surfaces, wherein said Optical devices comprise first part and second section, described first part has more than first transparent projections of extending from described first surface, described second section has more than second transparent projections of extending from described second surface, forming a plurality of spaced openings, described opening is at least part of is filled with opaque material and the location replaces opaque and transparent cross section with generation from described more than second the transparent projections of aliging for wherein said more than first transparent projections.

The system that is used for improving the contrast gradient of observation display according to embodiment of the present invention comprises Optical devices and observation display, wherein at least a portion of the second surface of second section next-door neighbour observation display.

according to the privacy of improving observation display of embodiment of the present invention or the method for contrast gradient, comprise: the Optical devices with first and second apparent surfaces are provided, wherein said Optical devices comprise first part and second section, described first part has more than first transparent projections of extending from described first surface, described second section has more than second transparent projections of extending from described second surface, wherein said more than first transparent projections are alignd described more than second transparent projections certainly to form a plurality of spaced openings, described opening is at least part of is filled with opaque material and the location replaces opaque and transparent cross section with generation.At least a portion of the second surface of second section is located at least a portion of the output surface of next-door neighbour's observation display, wherein the part of surround lighting was absorbed by described Optical devices before arriving described observation display, and was absorbed by described Optical devices from the part of the surround lighting of described observation display reflection.

Therefore, the invention provides device, system and method be used to the privacy of improving observation display and/or contrast gradient, described observation display is plasm display panel, LCD display panel, iLED display pannel and OLED display pannel for example.Device of the present invention, system and method can deteriorated other performancees, for example resolving power.Especially, from the transmitted light of observation display in the situation that have very little decay (namely, surpass 90% transmissivity) pass Optical devices, and the surround lighting of oblique collision observation display for example sunlight or ceiling light light usually collide zone of opacity and are absorbed.According to this mode, surround lighting absorb to maximize and Optical devices are passed through in the light transmission that can suitably impact indicating meter.In addition, the invention provides Optical devices, these Optical devices easily and are cheaply produced and are had a compact design.Especially, Optical devices comprise from aligned portions, and it easily is combined together with sawtooth or slide fastener pattern, and to form the gained Optical devices, described Optical devices have zone of opacity, and described zone of opacity has desired size, shape and depth-width ratio.The design of this and prior art is opposite, the described prior art design photo-absorption region of carefully aliging correctly to locate as desired of having to, thus increase time and the cost of producing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the phantom view be used to the prior-art devices of the black-level that improves plasm display panel;

Fig. 2 A-C is the phantom view according to the Optical devices of exemplary of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is in the system according to exemplary of the present invention, the phantom view of the Optical devices shown in Fig. 2 A-C;

Fig. 4 is Optical devices shown in Figure 3 and the phantom view of system, and it illustrates for multiple ray and the mark of analyzing and eliminate pixel-phantom problem that the present invention occurs;

Fig. 5 is the part front view according to the Optical devices of exemplary of the present invention and system, and it comprises the Optical devices at the pixel top that is arranged on display pannel, wherein Optical devices level run;

Fig. 6 is the part front view according to the Optical devices of exemplary of the present invention and system, and it comprises the Optical devices at the pixel top that is arranged on display pannel, and wherein Optical devices vertically move;

Fig. 7 is according to the Optical devices of selectable embodiment of the present invention and the phantom view of system;

Fig. 8 A-B is the phantom view according to the Optical devices of exemplary of the present invention, and wherein the side in opaque cross section is crooked;

Fig. 9 is that wherein the side in opaque cross section is crooked according to the Optical devices of exemplary of the present invention and the phantom view of system; And

Figure 10 makes the schematic diagram of the method for Optical devices according to exemplary of the present invention.

Embodiment

The system that comprises Optical devices 100 99 according to embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 A-3.With reference to Fig. 2 A-C, Optical devices 100 are shown, it has first surface 106 and relative second surface 108.In one embodiment, the thickness of Optical devices 100 be approximately 0.5mm to about 5.0mm.Usually first surface 106 is optics Smooth surfaces, plane.

As shown in Fig. 2 A-C, Optical devices 100 comprise the first transparent part 102 and the second transparent part 103, the first transparent part 102 has more than first transparent protruding 110, the second transparent parts 103 that extend from first surface 106 and has more than second transparent protruding 112 that extend from second surface 108.As shown in Fig. 2 A-C, more than first transparent protruding 110 from align more than second transparent protruding 112, make their positioned adjacent and contact with each other, and forming a plurality of openings 109.Especially, comprise that from alignment the first transparent part 102 chains with more than first transparent protruding 110 close the second transparent part 103 with more than second transparent protruding 112 according to of the present invention, to form opening 109 in Optical devices 100.More specifically, with reference to Fig. 2 A, more than first transparent protruding 110 comprises at least one surface 105, and it is designed to mate at least one surface 107 of more than second transparent protruding 112.Match surface 105 and 107 namely, is combined together into a kind of structure from alignment, and its formation has a plurality of openings 109 of desired size, shape and depth-width ratio.As shown in Fig. 2 A-C,

transparent part

102 and 103 is mutually the same, but transparent part 102 reverses with respect to transparent part 103.

The suitable transparent material that is used for the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 includes but not limited to polymer sheet or film, for example acrylic acid or the like, polycarbonate-based, vinyl-based, polyethylene terephthalate (" PET ") and PEN (" PEN ").Although in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 A-C, first part 102 and more than first projections 110 are formed by a kind of material, and more than first transparent protruding 110 can be formed by the material different with the remainder of transparent part 102.Similarly, more than second transparent protruding 112 can be formed by the material different with the remainder of transparent part 103.

Projection

110 and 112 triangular cross-sectional shape that can have as shown in Fig. 2 A-C are although for example trapezoidal, rectangle or square are feasible to other shape of cross sections.If transparent protruding 110 and 112 shape of cross section is trilateral, described trilateral can be right-angle triangle, or its can be that tilt, asymmetric or be formed make that surround lighting absorbs, display light emission or both can be asymmetric.The sidewall of the triangular shape projection in Fig. 2 A-C and 3 is approximately 3 ° to approximately 80 ° from the angle of the line that is parallel to optical axis 0, most preferably from approximately 5 ° to approximately 50 °.In addition, although the side of

projection

110 and 112 is expressed as straight line in Fig. 2 A-C and 3, other embodiments are feasible, comprise crooked side (referring to Fig. 8 A, 8B and 9 and following described).

In one embodiment, the first and second transparent parts 102 and the little transfer printing of 103 use of more than first and second transparent protruding 110 and 112 that have respectively them are made.Especially, in one embodiment, the first and

second parts

102 and 103 with

projection

110 and 112 are made by the UV gel-type resin with casting, or they can use mechanography for example injection moulding method of embossing (for example, method of embossing or continuous relief method) utilize any suitable material (for example vinylformic acid, polycarbonate or vinyl) to make.In another embodiment,

transparent part

102 and 103 all can two-step approach form, and wherein the substrate of transparent part 102,103 forms, and then projection 110,112 (they can be the materials different with substrate portion) are respectively formed at the top of substrate portion.

In further embodiment, the first and second transparent parts 102 and more than 103 and first and second individual transparent protruding 110 and 112 specific refractory power are between 1.4 to 1.6, although lower specific refractory power performance as described below is better.In further embodiment, the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 equate basically with the specific refractory power of projection 110 and 112.In yet another embodiment, more than first and second transparent protruding 110 and 112 depth-width ratio is approximately 1 to approximately 5.As used herein, for two-dimensional shapes, depth-width ratio is defined as the ratio of its longer dimensions and its shorter dimensions.This also is applicable to two characteristic size specifications of 3D shape, particularly for the longest and the shortest ' axle ' or for only measuring by two the symmetric objects (for example rod) that (for example length and diameter) described.Common the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 mist degrees with minimum overcome although some mist degrees can be of value to the hanover blind effect of being given the light of shown device panel emission by opaque material 114.In addition, normally transparent the first and

second parts

102 and 103 can have bulk diffusion (bulk diffusive) performance that obtains by the particle that spreads different refractivity in the first and second transparent parts 102 and 103 (comprising more than first and second transparent protruding 110 and 112).

The first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 transmittance should not be spectral dependency, but all the roughly the same wavelength between this transmission of phase reaction 400nm to 700nm make it not give strong tone to the image of observing.Yet if give gentle tone, the spectral emissions performance of display pannel can change to reduce or eliminate effect.Selectively, paintedly can add wittingly the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 to, with the spectrum irregularity of compensation by the light of display pannel emission.In addition, can provide the IR absorbing additives, it reduces the amount by the infrared light of display emission.This IR emission known disturbances IR-base handheld remote is controlled, and to block these emissions will be useful.

With reference to Fig. 2 B, the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 form a plurality of rectangular-shaped openings (cross section) 109 in Optical devices 100.As shown in Fig. 2 B, in this embodiment, rectangular-shaped opening 109 is positioned substantially at the center between first surface 106 and second surface 108.Yet in selectable embodiment, opening can be positioned on any desired location in Optical devices 100, and can basically extend to second surface 108 from first surface 106.

Although in this embodiment of the present invention, Optical devices 100 comprise rectangular-shaped opening (cross section), but can use the opening of other shapes, include but not limited to trilateral, square, trapezoidal, hexagon, octagon and other Polygonss, and their side and bottom surface can be smooth, as shown in Fig. 2 A-C and 3, perhaps a plurality of in them one can be crooked or nonlinear.The example of crooked opening is shown in Fig. 9.

With reference to Fig. 2 C and 3, rectangular-shaped opening is filled with opaque material 114 and replaces transparent and opaque cross section to produce in Optical devices 100.In this embodiment, opaque material 114 is tackiness agents and adheres to the first and second transparent parts 102 and 103.Selectively, opaque material 114 is not tackiness agent, and clear binder can be used for adhering to the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 separately.In another embodiment, rectangular-shaped opening can be partially filled opaque material 114, as long as the side of opening is coated with opaque material.The space of the rectangular-shaped opening back that is partially filled in this case can be filled with the second material, or it can keep vacuum.Opaque material 114 has optical absorption characteristics.In addition with reference to Fig. 3, the distance B between contiguous opaque cross section 114 be approximately 0.03mm to about 5mm, the length A in opaque cross section 114 be approximately 0.03mm to about 5mm, the width B in opaque cross section 114 be approximately 0.01mm to about 2mm.Suitable opaque material 114 includes but not limited to material, pigment, thermohardening type material, the cyanoacrylate adhesive (for example Loctite ' s Black Max) that UV gel-type resin, solvent solidify or any other material that does not use the UV radio polymerization.In one embodiment, the photoabsorption particle for example is mixed in the UV gel-type resin to form opaque material 114.Suitable photoabsorption particle includes but not limited to carbon, dyestuff, printing ink or tinting material.

In one embodiment, the specific refractory power of opaque material 114 is approximately 1.4 to approximately 1.6.In a particular of the present invention, the first and second transparent parts 102 and 103 (comprising more than first and second transparent protruding 110 and 112) equate basically with the specific refractory power of opaque material 114.This reduces the Fresnel reflection of light at the interface between blackening zone 114 and transparent protruding 110 and 112 (surround lighting and by the light of display emission).In one embodiment, have projection the first and second transparent parts 102 of 110 and 112 and 103 and opaque material 114 between refractive index difference be 0.03 or less.In another embodiment, the specific refractory power of opaque material 114 is greater than having projection the first and second transparent parts 102 of 110 and 112 and 103 specific refractory power, makes surround lighting or do not occurred between bi-material at the interface by the total internal reflection of the light of pixel 10 emissions.

In addition, the optical density(OD) of opaque material 114 is preferably greater than 1.0, most preferably greater than 3.0, and is 5.0 or obtains excellent surround lighting absorbancy when larger when optical density(OD).

In yet another embodiment, opaque material 114 is made of dielectric materials.Yet in selectable embodiment, opaque material can contain metal component, photoabsorption iron particularly, but described photoabsorption iron magnetic is mixed, is disperseed or be deposited in the dielectric substrate of Supporting Media.Opaque material 114 also can contain metal oxide particle.

In further embodiment, zone of opacity 114 can be repaired with the surround lighting of preferred absorption from pre-determined direction, for example from the crown.

In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 5, the opening horizontal-extending that is filled with opaque material 114 passes Optical devices 100.In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, be filled with the extending vertically Optical devices 100 that pass of opening of opaque material 114.In yet another embodiment, Optical devices 100 comprise many group openings.The openings of group for example can be positioned as and make them is cross-hatched (two-way), and wherein two groups of openings are orthogonal, and perhaps three groups of openings can be positioned as and make them separately rotate 60 degree.In addition, two or more sets Optical devices 100 can be arranged to use with grid, (vertical, the level or some other arbitrarily angled with moire minimum optical device 100 and pixel 10 between) of described grid for intersecting or running parallel.

Fig. 5 is front view of the present invention, and it is illustrated in the pixel 10 of the display pannel in the background of opaque material 114,314 (following) back.The space factor of opaque material 114,314 may be defined as the width (being expressed as " W " in Fig. 5) of the widest part of opaque material 114,314 divided by the ratio of pitch P.That is, space factor DF=W/P.Larger space factor allows more photoabsorption, and allows to pass through the larger display light transmittance of Optical devices 100 than low-duty cycle.The representative value of DF is 0.15, although it can be approximately 0.05 at most about 0.85 scope.

The absorbancy of opaque material 114 should not be spectral dependency, but phase reaction should absorb all the roughly the same wavelength between 400nm to 700nm, makes it not give strong tone to the image of observing.Yet if give gentle tone, the spectral emissions performance of display pannel can have a mind to carry out the spectrum irregularity that some changes to compensate the light of being launched by display pannel.In addition, the IR absorbing additives can add opaque material 114, and it reduces the amount by the infrared light of display emission.This IR emission known disturbances IR-base handheld remote is controlled, and to block these emissions will be useful.

In another embodiment, be filled with the depth-width ratio of the opening of opaque material 114, be defined as A/B than (referring to Fig. 3), greater than the depth-width ratio of following optimum environment photoabsorption.Yet the depth-width ratio that is filled with the opening of opaque material 114 can be from approximately 0.5 to 10.Opaque material 114, the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 or both material can have elasticity to promote the molded of high depth-

width ratio projection

110 and 112.

With reference to Fig. 5, in one embodiment, the pitch P of Optical devices 100 is that approximately 10 μ m are to about 2mm, and it should be much smaller than the width of pixel 10, makes moire does not occur to interfere.The pitch of Optical devices can have for the pixel 10 that makes each observation display two, preferred five or more zone of opacity 114 at least.

In an exemplary, the thickness of Optical devices 100 is less than about 1mm, and can be for about 0.1mm to about 2.5mm.Usually expectation keeps the thickness of Optical devices 100 as small as possible, to keep the more trend of thin display.

With reference to Fig. 3, the front panel 12 of Optical devices 100 next-door neighbour's observation displays.As shown in Figure 3, the Optical devices 100 of observation display are that optics contacts with second surface 108.Yet another layer can be present between Optical devices 100 and observation display, and for example binder layer 104, and it adheres to the surface 108 of Optical devices 100 to the output surface of the front panel 12 of observation display.Binder layer 104 can be pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), although also can use the tackiness agent of other types.The transmittance of binder layer 104 should not be spectral dependency, but all the roughly the same wavelength between this transmission of phase reaction 400nm to 700nm make it not give strong tone to the image of observing.Yet if give gentle tone to binder layer 104, the spectral emissions performance of display pannel can change.That is, paintedly can add wittingly binder layer 104 to, with the spectrum irregularity of compensation by the light of display pannel emission.In addition, the IR absorbing additives can be added into binder layer 104 to reduce the amount by the infrared light of display emission.This IR emission known disturbances IR-base handheld remote is controlled, and to block these emissions will be useful.

In an exemplary, the specific refractory power of binder layer 104 is between the specific refractory power of the output surface of the specific refractory power of second section 103 and observation display 12, to reduce at these unwanted Fresnel reflections at the interface.

Selectively, as shown in Figure 7, Optical devices 200 optionally are installed on the light transmission sheet of material 216, and then the light transmission sheet of described material 216 is placed into the front of display pannel, thereby leave clearance 218 between Optical devices 200 and observation display.In another embodiment, the light transmission sheet of material 216 can be close to front panel 12 placements and not leave the clearance.

In one embodiment, observation display is flat-panel monitor.Suitable observation display includes but not limited to pixellated display, for example plasm display panel, LCD display panel, iLED display pannel and OLED display pannel.Fig. 3-7 and 9 illustrate the example of pixellated display, comprise

pixel

10A, 10B and 10C.In another embodiment, display pannel is crooked, and Optical devices of the present invention 100 can form to coordinate the flexing of this non-flat forms device.

In yet another embodiment, Optical devices can be used as private film, and it is limited angular launching curve width when being arranged on the indicating meter front, making for example closes to you aboard sit someone or notice that you after one's death someone can not observe that you are observing.

In one embodiment, the first surface 106 of Optical devices 100 namely towards viewer's surface, is processed so that from the reflection minimized on surface 106 with antireflecting coating or sub-wavelength anti-reflection microstructure.In addition, in another embodiment, first surface 106 has the diffusing surface relief grain with the minimum spectral dazzle.

A kind of replaceable Optical devices structure is shown in Fig. 8 A, 8B and 9, and wherein transparent protruding 310 and 312 cross sections with at least one side are nonlinear or crooked.The comparable linear cross section shape of non-linear side has advantages of that some are potential, for example can be fast and mfg. moulding die or instrument, the faster and more better optical property of molding process and component end item more at low cost.

Get back to Fig. 3, how the operation of device 100 can influence each other to illustrate with device 100 by describing several dissimilar rays.Ambient light 130 is derived from for example room ceiling light of environment light source, or it can reflect the wall from the room of surrounding environment.No matter its source how, very expectation prevents that ambient light 130 from reflecting back in environment of observation.Ambient light 130 enters in transparent first part 102.Propagate some distances in transparent first part 102 after, ambient light 130 incides the opening that is filled with opaque material 114 in 132 places at the position.If the specific refractory power of opaque material 114 is substantially equal to the specific refractory power of transparent first part 102,132 places are absorbed ambient light 130 basically at the position so, regardless of the input angle at ambient light 130 132 places at the position.According to this mode, realize that good surround lighting absorbs.And, when the refractive index value of more than

transparent part

102 and 103 and first and second transparent protruding 110 and 112 is low, for example 1.4, the surround lighting in device 100 is the less optical axis O that is parallel to usually, and will have higher chance and be absorbed with the side that clashes into zone of opacity 114.

Ambient light 130 also illustrates the advantage that the present invention surpasses prior art.If the opening that is filled with opaque material 114 is replaced by thin opaque 14 of prior art on the contrary, ray 130 can't absorb at 132 places at the position so, but on the contrary will along light path 131 propagate and at the position 133 places pass transparent part 103.Then this ray will be by pixel 10A retroeflection, and the observed person sees, and causes the obvious reduction of contrast gradient.Especially, in prior art, the thickness of zone of opacity " A " is very little, but and there is no the side (ray 130 be shown as at the position 132 places incide on side) of absorbing environmental light.On the contrary, but the zone of opacity in the present invention provides the also substantial side area of absorbing environmental light.

Consider now the light by display pannel pixel emission itself, the

light

134 and 136 that for example 138 and 140 places are launched by pixel 10B at the position.142 places are filled with the opening absorption of opaque material 114 to the light 134 of emission at the position, and reduce the apparent luminance of display pannel.Light 136 passes Optical devices 100, and helps the brightness of display pannel.The amount that Optical devices 100 of the present invention will reduce transmitted light (by display pannel emission) roughly 20% although it can reach 80% or little as 5% so in some cases, depends on the surround lighting absorption characteristic of film.

Light 144 146 leaves pixel 10B with the oblique angle from the position, and incides on the side of the opening that is filled with opaque material 114 at 148 places, position subsequently.Light 144 is absorbed by nominal, if but the specific refractory power of transparent part 103 is different from the specific refractory power of opaque material 114, and reflected ray 150 exists.For the viewer, the mode that reflected ray 150 is shown as by virtual ray 152 is derived from pixel 10C, and virtual ray 152 is shown as and is derived from position 154.For the viewer, pixel 10B and pixel 10C are shown as overlapping to a certain extent, and cause being called the phenomenon of " pixel is fuzzy ".The fuzzy spatial resolution that is expressed as display pannel of this pixel itself reduces.

Yet, pixel fuzzy can be by making opaque material 114 specific refractory power and transparent protruding 110 and 112 specific refractory power basically match and easily remedy, described matching, will reduce or eliminate the total internal reflection (TIR) that Fresnel reflection maybe can occur in the Strahlungseintritt place.

Can promote by reference Fig. 4 the analysis of the luminous reflectance at the interface between opaque material 114 and

transparent part

102 and 103 and transparent protruding 110 and 112.In the figure, the following variable of listing is used for optical analysis:

θ _PRThe emission angle of real-time ray 144 when pixel 10B is left at 146 places at the position when it;

θ ₁It is the input angle of the ray 144 of the emission of generation at the interface between opaque material 114 and transparent protruding 112;

θ _γ(not shown) is the exit angle that is transmitted to the light in opaque material 114;

θ _outThe final output angle of light 150 when it leaves display pannel with respect to normal 156;

θ _pvThe apparent emission angle of virtual ray 152 when pixel 10C is left at 154 places at the position when it;

n _cIt is the specific refractory power of the transparent material of

projection

110 and 112; And

n _oIt is the specific refractory power of opaque material 114.

By inspection, θ _pv=θ _PR, and according to the Snell law:

Sin (θ _Out)=n _CSin (θ _PV) (equation 1)

θ _Out=Asin[n _CSin (θ _PV)] (equation 2)

n _CSin (θ ₁)=n _OSin (θ _T) (equation 3)

θ _T=Asin[n _CSin (θ ₁)/n _O] (equation 4)

As mentioned above, very expectation makes the minimum power in the ray 150 of reflection, this by control opaque material 114 and

transparent part

102 and 103 and relative refractive index of

projection

110 and 112 complete.The known Fresnel reflection equation of observing of the amount of the power in the ray 150 of reflection.Two Fresnel equatioies are arranged, and it be used for to calculate the amount of reflective power: one is used for such light, and its E-field is perpendicular to plane of incidence orientation (s-polarization), and another is used for such light, its E-parallel plane of incidence orientation in field (p-polarization).Two equatioies are:

R_{S} = {[\frac{n_{C} \cos (θ_{1}) - n_{O} \cos (θ_{T})}{n_{C} \cos (θ_{1}) + n_{O} \cos (θ_{T})}]}^{2}

(equation 5)

R_{P} = {[\frac{n_{C} \cos (θ_{T}) + n_{O} \cos (θ_{1})}{n_{C} \cos (θ_{T}) - n_{O} \cos (θ_{1})}]}^{2}

(equation 6)

Consider by the light of the pixel of display pannel emission random polarization normally, contain 50%P-polarization and 50%S-polarization, specular reflectance included is this mean value of two:

%R=(R _S+ R _P)/2 * 100% (equation 7)

As general rule of thumb, in order to make pixel-fuzzy be decreased to acceptable level, for any given input angle, the amount of the power in the ray 150 of reflection should be less than by 10% of the amount of the power in the ray 144 of pixel emission, but the amount of the power of preferred reflection should be less than 2%.Produce this condition when refractive index difference less than 0.01 the time, although can accept up to 0.03 difference for some application.In addition, the specific refractory power of opaque material 114 should be greater than the specific refractory power of

transparent part

102 and 103 and protruding 110 and 112, and to avoid total internal reflection (TIR) condition, it can be at θ ₁Occur when being higher value.TIR can produce 100% reflectivity, and this will cause the pixel disliked fuzzy clearly.

With reference to Fig. 8 A, 8B and 9, interchangeable structure is shown, at least one of its

protrusions

310 and 312 side is crooked.The cross section of the side in gained opaque material 314 zones is basically crooked at present.Associating Fig. 3 and 4 described contents are followed in the operation of this structure, comprise the relative refractive index value of opaque material and

transparent part

102 and 103 and protruding 110 and 112.

With reference to Figure 10, an embodiment that relates to the method for preparing Optical devices 100 of the present invention is shown.As mentioned above, the first and second transparent parts 102 and the little transfer printing of 103 use that have

projection

110 and 112 are made.Especially, in one embodiment, the first and

second parts

102 and 103 with

projection

110 and 112 are made by the UV gel-type resin with casting, or they can use mechanography for example injection moulding method of embossing (for example, method of embossing or continuous relief method) utilize any suitable material (for example vinylformic acid, polycarbonate or vinyl) to make.According to an embodiment, the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103 use the casting cast, and wherein the UV gel-type resin is placed in microstructured molds, then makes the UV gel-type resin be exposed to UV light, and this polymer resin also makes its sclerosis.Then remove mould.This process is completed with the continuous rolling double roll process usually, and wherein mould is cylindrical form, and a plurality of protruding 110 and 112 negative-appearing image is formed in the surface in mould, and then the UV resin is moving at the surperficial top roll of mould continuously when it rotates around its axle.

Selectively, the first and second

transparent parts

102 and 103

projection

110 and 112 can be by forming with relief mould method for making, compression process or injection moulding.

The method also comprises location the first transparent part 102 (it is the form of film) on the first feeding roller 402, and locates the second transparent part 103 (it also is the form of film) on the second feeding roller 404.The first and second transparent parts 102 and 103 are in point 406 places combination, and wherein contiguous more than second the transparent projections of individual transparent projection more than first are located, to form a plurality of spaced openings 109.Opening is filled with opaque material 114.The bank 408 of opalescent adhesives material 114 is positioned with dispensing materials 114.In this embodiment, bank 408 is positioned with gravity charging opalescent adhesives material, although can use other structures, and for example pump dispenser or system or capillary action.The opalescent adhesives material produce to engage between the first and second parts by following manner: when the first and second transparent parts in conjunction with the time at least part of filling a plurality of spaced openings of forming, and produce and replace opaque and transparent cross section.A pair roller 410 and 412 is used to form pincers forcing opaque material to enter in opening (and make transparent protruding 110 and 112 be substantially free of opaque material 114), and have the opaque material pearl this moment at the pincers places Optical devices 100 pass between roller.As used herein, pincers are two intersection points between roller.When Optical devices 100 moved around roller 412, it solidified with ultraviolet source 414, and end product is wrapped on roller 416.Although Figure 10 illustrates ultraviolet source 414, if non-UV curing material is used as opaque material 114, ultraviolet source is non-essential.Selectively, can or apply heat by warming mill 412 by IR lamp, air.

Also can complete filling by additive method well known by persons skilled in the art.Especially, opaque material 114 can be arranged on respectively between

projection

110 and 112 with any in multitude of different ways.The mode by example only, opening 109 can spray with opaque material with

transparent part

102 and 103, and

transparent part

102 and 103 erasables or press with squeegee make them not contain opaque material, and result is that opaque material exists only in opening 109.Selectively, opaque material can be pressed with squeegee easily and be passed opening 109 and

transparent part

102 and 103, and result is that transparent part does not contain opaque material, but opaque material is present in opening 109.Then the first and second transparent parts can be combined together, and make

projection

110 and 112 from alignment.

Then the output surface of the attached observation display 12 of tackiness agent 104 can be used in the surface 108 of transparent part 103, thereby causes the final structure shown in Fig. 3-4.

Although described aforesaid method with reference to Optical devices 100, identical method will be applicable to

Optical devices

200 and 300, except following exception.For Optical devices 200, the method also comprises Optical devices 200 is installed on the light transmission sheet of material 216, then the light transmission sheet of described material 216 is placed into the front of display pannel, thereby leaves clearance 218 between Optical devices 200 and observation display.For Optical devices 300, little transfer printing is enhanced to produce at least one curved surface on

projection

310 and 312.

Have the key concept of the present invention of such description, those skilled in the art are apparent that relatively, above-mentioned detailed disclosing is intended to only show by the mode of example, and is nonrestrictive.Although do not state clearly herein, various changes, improvement and modification can be made and be that those skilled in the art understand.These changes, improvement and modification are intended to so advise, and within the spirit and scope of the present invention.In addition, therefore the use of the Citing Sequence of machine component or order or numeral, letter or other marks is not intended to the operation of requirement for restriction to any order, except what can point out in the claims.Therefore, the present invention only limits by claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Optical devices with first and second apparent surfaces, it is characterized in that, described Optical devices comprise first part and second section, described first part has more than first transparent projections of extending from described first surface, described second section has more than second transparent projections of extending from described second surface, wherein said more than first transparent projections and described more than second transparent projections contact with each other, and described more than first transparent projections are from aliging and mating described more than second transparent projections to form a plurality of spaced openings, described opening is at least part of is filled with opaque material and the location replaces opaque and transparent cross section with generation.

2. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific refractory power of described the first and second parts equates basically.

3. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific refractory power of described opaque material the specific refractory power of described more than first and second transparent projections 0.03 in.

4. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific refractory power of described opaque material is greater than the specific refractory power of described more than first and second transparent projections.

5. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described the first and second parts have substantially the same cross section, reverses but described first part compares with described second section.

6. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described more than first transparent projections comprise at least one match surface of at least one match surface of described more than second projections of certainly aliging.

7. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the shape of cross section of described more than first and second transparent projections is at least a in trilateral, trapezoidal, rectangle and square.

8. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the shape of cross section of described a plurality of openings is at least a in trilateral, trapezoidal, rectangle and square.

9. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the depth-width ratio of described more than first and second transparent projections is 1 to 5.

10. Optical devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the depth-width ratio in described opaque cross section is 0.5 to 10.

11. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the space factor in described opaque cross section is 0.05 to 0.85.

12. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described more than first and second transparent protruding horizontal-extendings pass described Optical devices.

13. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described more than first and second transparent projections are extending vertically passes described Optical devices.

14. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of described Optical devices is 0.1mm to 2.5mm.

15. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the side in described opaque cross section is linear.

16. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the side in described opaque cross section is crooked.

17. Optical devices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprise:

The transparent layer of at least a portion of described first or second surface of contiguous described Optical devices.

18. a system is characterized in that, comprising:

Optical devices with first and second apparent surfaces, wherein said Optical devices comprise first part and second section, described first part has more than first transparent projections of extending from described first surface, described second section has more than second transparent projections of extending from described second surface, wherein said more than first transparent projections and described more than second transparent projections contact with each other, and described more than first transparent projections are from aliging and mating described more than second transparent projections to form a plurality of spaced openings, described opening is at least part of is filled with opaque material and the location replaces opaque and transparent cross section with generation, and

Observation display, at least a portion of the described observation display of described second surface next-door neighbour of wherein said Optical devices.

19. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the specific refractory power of described the first and second parts equates basically.

20. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the specific refractory power of described opaque material the specific refractory power of described more than first and second transparent projections 0.03 in.

21. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the specific refractory power of described opaque material is greater than the specific refractory power of described more than first and second transparent projections.

22. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described the first and second parts have substantially the same cross section, reverse but described first part compares with described second section.

23. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described more than first transparent projections comprise at least one match surface of at least one match surface of described more than second projections of certainly aliging.

24. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the shape of cross section of described more than first and second transparent projections is at least a in trilateral, trapezoidal, rectangle and square.

25. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the shape of cross section of described a plurality of openings is at least a in trilateral, trapezoidal, rectangle and square.

26. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the depth-width ratio of described more than first and second transparent projections is 1 to 5.

27. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the depth-width ratio in described opaque cross section is 0.5 to 10.

28. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the space factor in described opaque cross section is 0.05 to 0.85.

29. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described more than first and second transparent protruding horizontal-extendings pass described Optical devices.

30. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described more than first and second transparent projections are extending vertically passes described Optical devices.

31. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the thickness of described Optical devices is 0.1mm to 2.5mm.

32. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the side in described opaque cross section is linear.

33. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the side in described opaque cross section is crooked.

34. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, also comprises:

35. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described observation display is at least a in plasm display panel, panel of LCD, inorganic light-emitting diode display pannel and organic light emitting diode display pannel.

36. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described observation display is plasm display panel.

37. one kind is used for improving the privacy of observation display or the method for contrast gradient, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Optical devices with first and second apparent surfaces are provided, wherein said Optical devices comprise first part and second section, described first part has more than first transparent projections of extending from described first surface, described second section has more than second transparent projections of extending from described second surface, wherein said more than first transparent projections and described more than second transparent projections contact with each other, and described more than first transparent projections are from aliging and mating described more than second transparent projections to form a plurality of spaced openings, described opening is at least part of is filled with opaque material and the location replaces opaque and transparent cross section with generation, and

At least a portion of locating the described second surface of described Optical devices is close at least a portion of the output surface of observation display, wherein the part of surround lighting was absorbed by described Optical devices before arriving described observation display, and was absorbed by described Optical devices from the part of the surround lighting of described observation display reflection.

38. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the specific refractory power of described the first and second parts equates basically.

39. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the specific refractory power of described opaque material the specific refractory power of described more than first and second transparent projections 0.03 in.

40. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the specific refractory power of described opaque material is greater than the specific refractory power of described more than first and second transparent projections.

41. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, described the first and second parts have substantially the same cross section, reverse but described first part compares with described second section.

42. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, described more than first transparent projections comprise at least one match surface of at least one match surface of described more than second projections of certainly aliging.

43. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the shape of cross section of described more than first and second transparent projections is at least a in trilateral, trapezoidal, rectangle and square.

44. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the shape of cross section of described a plurality of openings is at least a in trilateral, trapezoidal, rectangle and square.

45. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the depth-width ratio of described more than first and second transparent projections is 1 to 5.

46. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the depth-width ratio in described opaque cross section is 0.5 to 10.

47. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the space factor in described opaque cross section is 0.05 to 0.85.

48. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, described more than first and second transparent protruding horizontal-extendings pass described Optical devices.

49. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, described more than first and second transparent projections are extending vertically passes described Optical devices.

50. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the thickness of described Optical devices is 0.1mm to 2.5mm.

51. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the side in described opaque cross section is linear.

52. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, the side in described opaque cross section is crooked.

53. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, also comprises:

54. described method, is characterized in that according to claim 37, described observation display is at least a in plasm display panel, panel of LCD, inorganic light-emitting diode display pannel and organic light emitting diode display pannel.

55. 4 described methods, is characterized in that according to claim 5, described observation display is plasm display panel.