CN102109553B - Digital spectrum analyzer and method for fast positioning of measuring signals - Google Patents
Digital spectrum analyzer and method for fast positioning of measuring signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a digital spectrum analyzer and a method for fast positioning of measuring signals. The digital spectrum analyzer is additionally provided with an A/D (analog/digital) converter on a line on which a signal is sent from a radio-frequency circuit to a CPU (central processing unit), so that a frequency mixing signal emitted by the radio-frequency circuit is converted into a digital signal, and then frequency spectrum analysis is carried out on the converted digital signal by the CPU. Therefore, in the invention, large quantity of unnecessary simulation auxiliary appliance elements can be omitted, the complexity and the design cost of the circuit are reduced, and simultaneously, the speed of the CPU for signal processing also can be increased. In addition, by designing for the measuring signal positioning method of the digital spectrum analyzer, a user can finish positioning analysis of measured signals fast and accurately still without need of knowing the probable ranges of the frequency and the amplitude of the measuring signals in advance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of digital spectrum analysis instrument and quick position measuring-signal thereof, belong to spectrum analyzer technical field.
Background technology
Spectrum analyzer is a comprehensive instrument, is widely used in the aspects such as microwave communication, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasure, space technology, satellite ground station, frequency management, signal monitoring, EMI diagnosis, EMC measurement.It is by analyzing measuring-signal, the frequency of measuring-signal, power to be shown over the display.Spectrum analyzer is generally divided into two types.One is the tuning analyser of frequency sweep, and it is the adjustable preliminary election receiver of a kind of superhet, can analyze signal or the intermediate-freuqncy signal converted by signal.Its survey frequency scope is high.When user proposes requirements at the higher level to indexs such as survey frequency scope, sensitivity, superhet spectrum analyzer just can meet the requirement of user.Another kind is dynamic signal analyzer, namely fast Fourier transform analyzer, it carries out FFT conversion to obtain frequency, amplitude and phase information to signal within a kind of specially time cycle, and this instrument can analytical cycle and nonperiodic signal, but upper limit of frequency measurement is lower.System designed by the present invention realizes on the first superhet frequency spectrograph.
Fig. 2 is existing spectrum analyzer structured flowchart.As shown in the figure, general spectrum analyzer mainly comprises: CPU, radio circuit, display and keyboard.Described CPU is the master controller of spectrum analyzer, for carrying out control and management to the running status of whole spectrum analysis instrument system.One road radio frequency circuit controls, and the modulation of measuring-signal treated by adjustment radio circuit.Another road receives the measuring-signal after radio circuit mixing, carries out analytical calculation by algorithm to this measuring-signal, and the signal waveform after calculating is shown over the display.Described radio circuit is mainly used in treating measuring-signal and carries out frequency and amplitude process, it is treated measuring-signal according to the control signal that CPU sends and carries out the signal that frequency transformation and amplitude fading obtain an expection, and this signal is sent to CPU for computational analysis.Described keyboard is human-computer interaction device, and user controls spectrum analyzer duty by keyboard operation.
This frequency spectrograph is carry out spectrum analysis by analog device for radio circuit signal out.Need to increase multiple complementary electric elements between radio circuit and CPU when adopting analog device to carry out spectrum analysis, such as needing to build wave detector with a large amount of analog device to realize carrying out detection process to signal, also needing a large amount of analog devices when realizing wave filter.The circuit complexity and the equipment that considerably increase spectrum analyzer like this realize cost.
Further, existing spectrum analyzer action need is known that the frequency that signal is general and energy just can be measured signal in advance.But in most of the cases user does not know the frequency of input signal and energy.User will carry out measuring and just becomes very difficult in this case.Namely the present invention is based on this problem, devises a kind ofly to go out signal and carry out the method measured by quick position when user does not know frequency and the energy of signal completely.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to solve problems of the prior art, provides a kind of method of digital spectrum analysis instrument and quick position measuring-signal thereof
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of digital spectrum analysis instrument, is characterized in that: comprising: CPU, radio circuit, AD converter, display and keyboard;
Described CPU is used for carrying out control and management to the running status of whole spectrum analysis instrument system; This CPU mono-tunnel controls described radio circuit, and the modulation of measuring-signal treated by adjustment radio circuit; Another road receives the measuring-signal after radio circuit mixing, carries out analytical calculation by algorithm to this measuring-signal, and the signal waveform after calculating is shown over the display;
Described radio circuit is used for treating measuring-signal and carries out frequency and amplitude process, and it is treated measuring-signal according to the control signal that CPU sends and carries out the signal that frequency transformation and amplitude fading obtain an expection, and this signal is sent to CPU for computational analysis;
Described AD converter is arranged on and sends on the circuit of signal by radio circuit to CPU, the signal that radio circuit sends to CPU is carried out analog to digital conversion, and the digital signal after conversion is sent to CPU.
Described radio circuit comprises: attenuator, frequency mixer, local oscillator and triangular-wave generator;
Described attenuator controls in order to the amplitude treating measuring-signal, makes spectrum analyzer be operated in certain amplitude range;
Described triangular-wave generator produces the size of signal frequency in order to control local oscillator;
Described local oscillator produces a certain frequency signal according to the triangular signal that triangular-wave generator sends;
The frequency signal that measuring-signal after attenuator amplitude controls and local oscillator produce carries out mixing in described frequency mixer, forms mixed frequency signal and is sent to described CPU.
A method for spectrum analyzer quick position measuring-signal, realizes based on digital spectrum analysis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
(1) CPU control radio circuit carries out frequency sweep in full frequency band scope, only opens a track, and carries out detection in peak detection mode;
(2) CPU is according to the signal adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size that measure, and the signal of amplitude maximum in full frequency band frequency sweep is done pending signal;
(3) CPU control radio circuit carries out frequency sweep again to starting bin, only opens a track, and carries out detection in peak detection mode;
(4) CPU is according to the signal adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size that measure, and the signal of amplitude maximum in starting bin frequency sweep is done pending signal;
(5) contrast the starting bin pending signal that frequency sweep obtains again in the pending signal and step (4) that in described step (2), full frequency band frequency sweep obtains to compare, take out the larger signal of amplitude as echo signal;
(6) frequency of this echo signal is set to the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer, again carries out fine tuning span, according to amplitude adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size of echo signal.
Treat the method that measuring-signal adjusts datum, attenuator and scale size in described step (2) and step (4), specifically comprise the steps:
(a1) judge whether measuring-signal amplitude is less than datum and signal amplitude does not have no to scale;
(a2) if signal exceeds datum or signal overflows, then tune up datum, and return step (a1);
(a3) if signal amplitude is less than datum and signal does not overflow, then following step (a4), (a5) or (a6) is performed according to signal amplitude;
(a4) if signal amplitude is greater than 0dBm, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is low distortion pattern, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to-20dBm;
(a5) if signal amplitude is within the 5dB of noise amplitude, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is low noise mode, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to 0dBm;
(a6) if signal amplitude is between noise and 0dBm, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is general modfel, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to 10dBm;
(a7) the amplitude peak signal in current frequency range and minimum signal is searched out.
Starting bin in described step (3) is 0Hz-15MHz.
In described step (a2), the amplitude that tunes up of datum is 10dB.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this spectrum analyzer by adding AD converter on the circuit being sent signal by radio circuit to CPU, such that the structure of spectrum analyzer more simplifies, cost is lower.Further, by this spectrum analyzer user without the need to knowing the probable ranges of measuring-signal frequency and amplitude in advance, still measuring-signal positioning analysis can be completed rapidly, accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure block diagram of digital spectrum analysis instrument;
Fig. 2 is existing spectrum analyzer structured flowchart;
Fig. 3 is radio frequency structure block diagram;
Fig. 4 is the method flow diagram of the measuring-signal of quick position spectrum analyzer;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram to measuring-signal parameter adjustment in frequency sweep process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure block diagram of digital spectrum analysis instrument.As shown in the figure, this digital spectrum analysis instrument mainly comprises: CPU, radio circuit, AD converter, display and keyboard.
Described CPU is the master controller of spectrum analyzer, for carrying out control and management to the running status of whole spectrum analysis instrument system.One road radio frequency circuit controls, and the modulation of measuring-signal treated by adjustment radio circuit.Another road receives the measuring-signal after radio circuit mixing, carries out analytical calculation by algorithm to this measuring-signal, and the signal waveform after calculating is shown over the display.
Described radio circuit is mainly used in treating measuring-signal and carries out frequency and amplitude process, it is treated measuring-signal according to the control signal that CPU sends and carries out the signal that frequency transformation and amplitude fading obtain an expection, and this signal is sent to CPU for computational analysis.
Described AD converter is arranged on and sends on the circuit of signal by radio circuit to CPU, the signal that radio circuit sends to CPU is carried out analog to digital conversion, and the digital signal after conversion is sent to CPU.
Described keyboard is human-computer interaction device, and user controls spectrum analyzer duty by keyboard operation.
Wherein, the core that measuring-signal carries out measurement and spectrum analysis treated in spectrum analyzer by radio circuit.Its general structure as shown in Figure 3, comprising: attenuator, frequency mixer, local oscillator and triangular-wave generator.
The main effect of described attenuator is that the amplitude treating measuring-signal controls, and spectrum analyzer is operated in a rational amplitude range.
The main effect of described triangular-wave generator controls the size that local oscillator produces signal frequency, just can be reached the object of control swept frequency range by the scope controlling triangular-wave generator.
The effect of described local oscillator is that the triangular signal sent according to triangular-wave generator produces a certain frequency signal.
The effect of described frequency mixer is that the frequency treating measuring-signal converts, and the frequency signal that the signal to be measured after attenuator attenuates and local oscillator produce is carried out mixing by it, thus is transformed in the frequency range that can analyze by the signal to be measured of input.
In this radio circuit, attenuator and triangular-wave generator by its attenuation amplitude of CPU regulating and controlling and output frequency, thus realize the object treating measuring-signal frequency sweep analytic transformation.
The main designing points of above-mentioned digital spectrum analysis instrument is, on the circuit of CPU transmission signal, AD converter is being added by radio circuit, first be converted to digital signal with the mixed frequency signal sent by radio circuit, then by CPU, spectrum analysis carried out to the digital signal after conversion.Replace traditional simulation process method with digital signal processing algorithm like this, the complementary electric elements of simulation unnecessary in a large number can be saved, reduce complicacy and the design cost of circuit, also can play simultaneously and improve CPU to the speed of signal transacting.
For the problem that foregoing existing spectrum analyzer cannot be measured signal when not knowing the general frequency of echo signal and energy in advance, the present invention, on the basis of above-mentioned digital spectrum analysis instrument, devises a kind of method of determining measuring-signal fast.As shown in Figure 4, the method for this quick position measuring-signal comprises following concrete steps:
(1) CPU control radio circuit carries out frequency sweep in full frequency band scope, only opens a track, and carries out detection in peak detection mode;
Here, CPU only opens a track and closes other tracks when detection, can ensure the interference can getting rid of other tracks when algorithm calculates like this.In addition, owing to the object of the invention is to the position by frequency sweep quickly positioning target signal from full frequency band.Therefore, arranging CPU adopts peak detection mode to carry out detection when detection.Whole signals can be made so all to be detected process, and to ensure efficient processing speed, if adopt other detecting way likely can cause missing signal or processing speed is slack-off.
(2) CPU is according to the signal adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size that measure, accurate as much as possible to make measuring next signal, and the signal of amplitude maximum in full frequency band frequency sweep is done pending signal;
(3) CPU control radio circuit carries out frequency sweep again to starting bin, only opens a track, and carries out detection in peak detection mode;
Here, we carry out frequency sweep again to the starting bin of spectrum analyzer at design, mainly because of the initial period in full frequency band frequency sweep, because local oscillator feedthrough goes out to produce a signal at zero-frequency place, can flood the signal near zero-frequency.In general, the measured value of its first three frequency sweep point is insincere, therefore needs to carry out frequency sweep again to this starting bin, the not omission frequency range of guarantee within the scope of full frequency band.Here, the concrete scope of starting bin is also not quite similar for the setup parameter of different spectrum analyzers and accuracy requirement.Such as, full frequency band scope is the spectrum analyzer of 3GHz, and its full frequency band sets 600 frequency sweep points, then its first three frequency sweep point is 0Hz-15MHz.Therefore, its starting bin scope can be set as 0Hz-15MHz.
In addition, in this step the design of track and the design of detecting way identical with the reason of step (1), just no longer repeat at this.
(4) CPU is according to the signal adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size that measure, accurate as much as possible to make measuring next signal, and the signal of amplitude maximum in starting bin frequency sweep is done pending signal;
(5) contrast the starting bin pending signal that frequency sweep obtains again in the pending signal and step (4) that in described step (2), full frequency band frequency sweep obtains to compare, take out the larger signal of amplitude as echo signal;
(6) frequency of this echo signal is set to the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer, again carries out fine tuning span, according to amplitude adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size of echo signal.
Because the signal adjustment in preceding step (2) and step (4) mainly in order to find out echo signal by frequency sweep in certain band limits, therefore its measuring accuracy adjusted is not high, may there is certain deviation.And step (6) accurately measures echo signal when the general frequency of lock onto target signal and energy, therefore needs refinement again to adjust herein.Thisly accurately measuring echo signal when the general frequency of known target signal and energy, is the basic function of current existing spectrum analyzer, not primary object place of the present invention, just no longer describes in detail at this.
By the method for above-mentioned quick position spectrum analyzer measuring-signal, signal frequency sweep more fast can be realized based on digital spectrum analysis instrument hardware platform, and the band limits of frequency sweep is more comprehensive, compensate for the disappearance of full frequency band frequency sweep on starting bin, making user without the need to knowing the probable ranges of measuring-signal frequency and amplitude in advance, still can complete measuring-signal positioning analysis rapidly, accurately.
Wherein, treat the method that measuring-signal adjusts datum, attenuator and scale size in above-mentioned steps (2) and step (4), as shown in Figure 5, specifically comprise the steps:
(a1) judge whether measuring-signal amplitude is less than datum and signal amplitude does not have no to scale;
Here datum (Reference Level) is a reference parameter pre-set in spectrum analyzer.
(a2) if signal exceeds datum or signal overflows, then tune up datum, and return step (a1);
In the present embodiment, the increasing degree of each datum is 10dB.
(a3) if signal amplitude is less than datum and signal does not overflow, then following step (a4), (a5) or (a6) is performed according to signal amplitude;
(a4) if signal amplitude is greater than 0dBm, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is low distortion pattern, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to-20dBm;
(a5) if signal amplitude is within the 5dB of noise amplitude, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is low noise mode, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to 0dBm;
(a6) if signal amplitude is between noise and 0dBm, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is general modfel, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to-10dBm;
(a7) the amplitude peak signal in current frequency range and minimum signal is searched out.
By above-mentioned spectrum analyzer structural design and signal framing method design, the invention provides the spectrum analyzer that a kind of structure simplifies, cost is lower and realize structure, and by this spectrum analyzer user without the need to knowing the probable ranges of measuring-signal frequency and amplitude in advance, still measuring-signal positioning analysis can be completed rapidly, accurately.Persons skilled in the art under this design philosophy do any not creative transformation, all because being considered as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a digital spectrum analysis instrument, is characterized in that: comprising: CPU, radio circuit, AD converter, display and keyboard;
Described CPU is used for carrying out control and management to the running status of whole spectrum analysis instrument system; This CPU mono-tunnel controls described radio circuit, and the modulation of measuring-signal treated by adjustment radio circuit; Another road receives the measuring-signal after radio circuit mixing, by algorithm, analytical calculation is carried out to this measuring-signal, obtain the signal of amplitude maximum in full frequency band frequency sweep result and starting bin frequency sweep result as echo signal, the frequency of echo signal is set to the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer, according to amplitude adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size of echo signal, and the signal waveform after calculating is shown over the display;
Described radio circuit is used for treating measuring-signal and carries out frequency and amplitude process, and it is treated measuring-signal according to the control signal that CPU sends and carries out the signal that frequency transformation and amplitude fading obtain an expection, and this signal is sent to CPU for computational analysis;
Described AD converter is arranged on and sends on the circuit of signal by radio circuit to CPU, the signal that radio circuit sends to CPU is carried out analog to digital conversion, and the digital signal after conversion is sent to CPU.
2. digital spectrum analysis instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described radio circuit comprises: attenuator, frequency mixer, local oscillator and triangular-wave generator;
Described attenuator controls in order to the amplitude treating measuring-signal, makes spectrum analyzer be operated in certain amplitude range;
Described triangular-wave generator produces the size of signal frequency in order to control local oscillator;
Described local oscillator produces a certain frequency signal according to the triangular signal that triangular-wave generator sends;
The frequency signal that measuring-signal after attenuator amplitude controls and local oscillator produce carries out mixing in described frequency mixer, forms mixed frequency signal and is sent to described CPU.
3. a method for spectrum analyzer quick position measuring-signal, realizes based on digital spectrum analysis instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
(1) CPU control radio circuit carries out frequency sweep in full frequency band scope, only opens a track, and carries out detection in peak detection mode;
(2) CPU is according to the signal adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size that measure, and the signal of amplitude maximum in full frequency band frequency sweep is done pending signal;
(3) CPU control radio circuit carries out frequency sweep again to starting bin, only opens a track, and carries out detection in peak detection mode;
(4) CPU is according to the signal adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size that measure, and the signal of amplitude maximum in starting bin frequency sweep is done pending signal;
(5) contrast the starting bin pending signal that frequency sweep obtains again in the pending signal and step (4) that in described step (2), full frequency band frequency sweep obtains to compare, take out the larger signal of amplitude as echo signal;
(6) frequency of this echo signal is set to the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer, again carries out fine tuning span, according to amplitude adjustment datum, attenuator and the scale size of echo signal.
4. the method for spectrum analyzer quick position measuring-signal as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: treat the method that measuring-signal adjusts datum, attenuator and scale size in described step (2) and step (4), specifically comprise the steps:
(a1) judge whether measuring-signal amplitude is less than datum and signal amplitude does not have no to scale;
(a2) if signal exceeds datum or signal overflows, then tune up datum, and return step (a1);
(a3) if signal amplitude is less than datum and signal does not overflow, then following step (a4), (a5) or (a6) is performed according to signal amplitude;
(a4) if signal amplitude is greater than 0dBm, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is low distortion pattern, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to-20dBm;
(a5) if signal amplitude is within the 5dB of noise amplitude, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is low noise mode, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to 0dBm;
(a6) if signal amplitude is between noise and 0dBm, then arranging frequency spectrograph pattern is general modfel, namely maximum frequency mixer level is set to-10dBm;
(a7) the amplitude peak signal in current frequency range and minimum signal is searched out.
5. the method for spectrum analyzer quick position measuring-signal as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the starting bin in described step (3) is 0Hz-15MHz.
6. the method for spectrum analyzer quick position measuring-signal as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in described step (a2), the amplitude that tunes up of datum is 10dB.
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| KR101856756B1 (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-10 | 한국표준과학연구원 | Signal generator and measurement system including signal generator |
| CN106597094A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | Method of receiver for automatically acquiring amplitude-frequency of radiofrequency signal |
| CN108989149A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 北京智网信测科技有限公司 | Fast testing system based on radio detection |
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