CN102106317B - Method for culturing maggot by utilizing manure slurry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal manure comprehensive utilization and culture, and relates to a method for culturing maggot by utilizing livestock and poultry manure slurry. The method comprises the following steps: collecting animal manure in a temporary animal manure lagoon; fermenting effective microorganism (EM) strain, or enzymatic microorganism, or mixed strains of the EM strain and the enzymatic microorganism to ensure that the manure slurry is liquefied to form liquefied manure slurry; putting putrescent food in an outdoor fly concentrated position; putting collected seed maggot on a net chain above a fly cage to collect fly eggs and maggot; and maintaining the temperature of diluted manure slurry in a maggot culture pond, introducing oxygen to ensure that the maggot is cultured for 3 to 4 days and developed into imagochrysalis, and capturing by utilizing a net bag. The culture process has the advantaages of simple process, high animal manure utilization, safe and reliable equipment, high maggot culture benefit, large comprehensive utilization value, high quality of maggot and light environmental pollution, and can be used for large-scale industrial culture.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing feces to carry out fly maggot breeding

Technical field:

The invention belongs to animal wastes comprehensive utilization and cultural technique field, relate to a kind of animal wastes that utilize, particularly the feces of livestock and poultry slurries carry out the technical method of fly maggot breeding, can realize the fly maggot breeding of batch production scale in vast rural area.

Background technology:

Fly maggot has very high nutritive value and economic worth; The protein of fly maggot is high-quality protein; Essential amino acids content in its crude protein is half the near its total amount, can match in excellence or beauty with fish meal, can be widely used in occasions such as exploitation senior nutrition, space food and medicine.Propagating artificially of fly maggot comes from beginning of the eighties late 1970s, and up to the present, some developed countries have realized the breeding scale fly maggot that mechanization is produced; For example; In U.S. Miami suburbs, just have the fly maggot breeding field that some become scale, be main to produce aseptic fly-maggot; Thereby drive peripheral livestock culture industry, plant husbandry, and derive a series of enterprises such as feed processing, industry refinement, medicine manufacturing, food processing; In addition, fly maggot also has powerful immune system to resist the invasion and attack of various pathogens, and wherein insect antimicrobial peptide is the heat subject of studying at present.The history that China carries out fly maggot breeding originates in the seventies in 20th century, generally is small-scale aquaculture model, and personal with autotrophy be main; The patented technology of many batch production fly maggot breedings of existing document record; Be that raw material cultures all be main with the solids of animal wastes; The technology that these solids raw materials are cultured fly maggot is difficult to use in the scale industrial aquaculture; Pollution of area source contribution to the removing feces of livestock and poultry causes is little, and the fly maggot of its breed is difficult to deep development processing except that making feed; End is got up, and existing fly maggot breeding technology is not to utilize the animal wastes slurries to culture, and whole fly maggot breeding process is difficult for realizing the operation of mechanization channelization; Be difficult for improving labour health condition, and labour intensity is big, three waste discharge is many; Environment protecting is poor, complex manufacturing.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists; Seek to design a kind of animal wastes that utilize; Particularly the feces of livestock and poultry slurries carry out the technical matters method of fly maggot breeding; Can be applicable to vast rural area livestock and poultry cultivation occasion, realize comprehensive utilization of waste materials, form the technical matters that fly maggot is cultured in production.

To achieve these goals; The present invention includes animal wastes collection and pre-treatment, plant the cultivation of fly cage and three steps of fly maggot pond formula raising: animal wastes collection and pre-treatment are that animal wastes are collected in the interim feace storing pool; Earlier, smash into feces to pieces, add EM bacterium or ferment bacterium or the mixed bacteria of the two simultaneously through the high speed bruisher with behind large size grid filtration elimination stalk and the thick solid content body; Filtering the 5-20 angel feces of fermenting in the back entering feace storing pool with fine fack more further liquefies; Form the feces after liquefying, can kill parasite and pathogenic bacteria simultaneously, alleviate foul smell; Planting the cultivation of fly cage is the fly that fly likes the putrid food of eating to be placed on the dew open country to be concentrated locate; Let it search for food and lay eggs, being placed on the network chain of fly cage top after the fly maggot collection that generates, deliver to fly maggot or pupa in each fly cage after 3-5 days by network chain; Become fly by pupa after 3-10 days, begin to lay eggs; The a pair of fly 100-200 grain of laying eggs approximately every day, about 10 days an of breeding cycle, through about 40 days breeding, each fly cage can produce ten thousand of kind of fly 5-6; In reproductive process, constantly adjust the quantity of planting fly in each fly cage and make kind of fly quantity about equally; When the kind fly in each fly cage reached requirement, fly blow and fly pupa began to gather; From adding the fly feed the network chain fly maggot charging hopper down, be transported to each fly cage by network chain earlier, plant when fly searches for food by day and lay eggs, ten thousand kind flies of 5-6 can produce the fly blow about 5,000,000; Night, the kind fly was stopped action, and fly blow is through hatching in 12 hours nights simultaneously, and morning next day, major part became young maggot; Network chain is delivered to collecting vessel to the related residual bait of young maggot; Add new feed from the fly maggot charging hopper simultaneously, send into each fly cage, the hatching of laying eggs of a beginning new round; So reciprocation cycle is gathered fly blow and fly maggot morning every day; It is to raise at fly maggot to keep the light stool slurry temperature in the pond that fly maggot pond formula is raised, and oxygenation is constantly stirred fly maggot in raising the pond, evenly distribute, and prevents excessive accumulation; When fly maggot is raised the pond startup, close the discharge gate valve earlier, open charging valve; The light stool slurries flow into when adding to the 60cm height the pond from high-order pond, stop to feed in raw material, and open heat pipeline by-pass valve control and oxygenation pipeline control valve door; Make the feces temperature keep 25 ℃, and be flow regime slowly; Be metered into young fly maggot 5,000 ten thousand tails, cultivate 3-4 days fly maggots and developed into for 4 ages during fast pupa, stop oxygenation, the fly maggot major part swims in the upper strata, fishes for mesh bag to get final product; A small amount of fly maggot can access with net when discharge, stops the supple of gas or steam earlier when adding feces as need are additional, makes the fly maggot come-up, opens the bleeder valve blowing, puts how many material, additional how many bright feces; 4 days is one-period, process after the bright fly maggot process blowdown of collection, the sterilization, and perhaps bright fly maggot shipment, about 1 ton of bright maggot can be produced in each pond.

Feace storing pool of the present invention is communicated with by the cement pit of four townhouses and with pipeline and forms, and each cement pit is high 4 meters, and long 10 meters, wide 5 meters, total measurement (volume) is 200m ³Described fly cage is to use welded tube or stainless steel tube to be welded into frame structure earlier, long 30 meters of framework, and wide 2 meters, high 1 meter, leg is high 0.2 meter; On framework, apart from upper frame 10cm place, to install one and go up network chain, mesh is 60 orders, last network chain is wide 1 meter, and long 33 meters, laterally run through whole framework, and respectively extend 1.5 meters at the framework two ends, an end is installed the fly maggot funnel, and an end is installed collecting vessel; Below framework, from one meter of upper frame a following network chain is installed, mesh is 60 orders, following network chain is wide 2 meters; Long 33 meters, laterally through whole framework, and respectively extend 1.5 meters at the framework two ends; One end is installed the fly-maggot feed hopper, and an end is installed the fly maggot collecting vessel, and network chain constitutes the bottom of fly cage; Through the place, carrying roller is installed at network chain, is supported network chain, simultaneously, play the effect of stiffening frame; Cover whole framework with mosquito netting cloth at last, also separate, make whole cylinder mould be separated into 20 little cages with the mosquito net gauze at each interval; Long 1.5 meters of each little cage, wide 2 meters, high 1 meter; Only allow network chain to pass through from the centre, but and move left and right, the fly between each little cage can not pass through; The lower end of mosquito net gauze joins with following network chain, finally becomes totally enclosed little fly cage; It is 5-10 little cement pit in a row that described fly maggot is raised the pond, and each little cement pit girth is 3 meters * 4 meters, and the degree of depth is 0.7 meter; In order to save the area, can be overlapping 2 to 3 layers; Each little cement pit bottom is provided with U-shaped heating tube, oxygenation pipeline and by-pass valve control, raises the bottom, pond at fly maggot and establishes discharge gate and valve, and fly maggot is raised the top, pond and had the high-order pond of feces, and is connected with charge pipe.

The present invention compared with prior art, it is raised, and technical process is simple, the animal wastes availability is high, the device security of use is reliable, fly maggot breeding is profitable, comprehensive utilization value is big, the fly maggot quality is good, environmental pollution is light, can realize that heavy industrialization cultures.

Embodiment:

Through embodiment the present invention is further described below.

Embodiment: the enforcement of industrial aquaculture

Facility that present embodiment relates to and plant layout are for producing 5000 tons of bright fly maggots per year; Need animal wastes 20000-25000 ton, 10 mu of lands used are produced and are used the building to be first building, Building two, second building, boiler room, office etc.; Wherein the first building is long 60 meters, and is wide 22 meters, and on the highland 9 meters, at the bottom of the ground 6 meters, divides three layers, one deck under ground portion is feace storing pool and ABR biogas reaction tank, and two layers is the residual liquid manure recovery pond of fly maggot cultivation workshop and fly maggot breeding, and top layer is that kind of a fly lays eggs and hatches the workshop; Bottom one end is the feace storing pool of four townhouses, and every pool volume is 200m ³, animal wastes elder generation process grid elimination stalk and thick solid content from the animal raiser reclaims get into feace storing pool; Add the EM bacterium simultaneously, compound bacteria such as ferment bacterium make manure fermentation liquefaction; What link to each other with feace storing pool is 2 in baffling type anaerobic generator, and single pool volume is 4000m ³Four groups of fly maggot breeding ponds are arranged in two layers the fly maggot breeding workshop, culture the pond by 2 layers 10 for every group and form; Each cultures pool volume is 6.3m ³, every group of volume is 126m ³, can produce 15 tons of bright fly maggots; Culture in turn for four groups; Had enough to meet the need once in average per four days, workshop one end is residual excrement recovery pond, and the later residual excrement of fly maggot breeding is collected recovery pond; Through heat after 37 ℃ from flow into the ABR anaerobic reactor carry out in warm biogas anaerobic fermentation; The top, workshop is provided with the foul smell conduit, and the foul smell in the workshop is extracted out by conduit, alleviates the stink in workshop; Three layers is that kind of a fly lays eggs and hatches the workshop, and lay eggs 10 groups in hatching fly cage of net belt type is set in the workshop, and every group has two layers, and four groups are used for wild fly domestication and plant the fly breeding, and six groups of fly cages are as laying eggs and hatching usefulness in addition; The every group of hatching fly cage of laying eggs can be collected fly blow about 400,000,000 every day, hatches young maggot about 400,000,000, and six groups of fly cages can be collected 2,400,000,000 of fly blows, 21.6 hundred million of young maggots, incubation rate about 90% every day approximately; Thermostat is equipped with in kind of the fly hatching workshop of laying eggs, and keeps in the workshop 25 ℃ of temperature, and humidity 60-70% has good ventilation setting simultaneously, the light of abundance; Workshop one end is the high-order pond of feces, and feces extracts from feace storing pool, through screen filtration, gets into high-order pond, and feces flows automatically to the fly maggot culture pond from high-order pond; Long 30 meters of second building, wide 15 meters, 4 meters of story heights, two layers, half raw material silo of ground floor, second half is a finished room; The second layer is separated into 2 workshops, and a workshop is the fly maggot job shop, built-in roller drier, and cracker, electronic scale, package packing machine can be processed into fly maggot product and Flyblow albumen powder; Two workshops are between kind of fly feed carriage: equipment in the workshop: planetary taper boiling agitator, and cracker, apparatuses such as electronic scale are given kind of a fly preparation bait; One place, 2 tons of boiler rooms is set; There are 15 meters green isolation strip at office one place with the production area; The mechanical facility of present embodiment comprises cesspit emptier, 1 of hot-water boiler; All kinds of fan blowers, air-introduced machine, water pump, sprayer number; Various pipes, valve, pipe fitting etc.; One of fly maggot warm air drier, cracker, agitator, electronic scale etc.;

It is the collection of carrying out wild fly maggot earlier that the kind fly of present embodiment is cultivated; Putrid food is placed in place in that wild fly is more; Like the fowl of corruption poultry internal organ, sugaring rice bran, dregs of beans etc., let wild fly free choice feeding, seeing after 3-5 days has immature fly maggot on these food platforms; Fetch fly maggot, raise respectively in different fly cages; Carry out the domestication of wild fly again and expand kind, with the wild fly maggot of gathering very fast pupa under good temperature humidity, aftershaft changed into generation fly in three days, the fly mate and oviposit after the sexual maturity in back three days of sprouting wings, can collect after about 8-12 days two generation the kind fly; After 30-50 days, the wild fly maggot of collection can be bred 4-5 generation, and after 100 pairs of wild fly maggots were bred through four generations, (theoretical value was 10 can to collect nearly several ten million kind flies approximately ⁸, about 100,000,000); During this period, be formulated to each fly cage (breed unit) to the fly maggot or the pupa of breeding, ten thousand flies of the about 5-6 in each unit; Each is to kind of the fly 100-200 grain of laying eggs in a day, and every day, about 5,000,000 of fly blows can be collected in every breed unit; Fly blow can be hatched into young maggot (age) in 12 hours under good condition.The ovum that produced in first day is through a whole night, and the next morning, major part can become young maggot, collected young maggot the next morning; During collection, can all collect collecting vessel to young maggot and feed, be one-period in 24 hours to hatching, add new fly-maggot feed in the fly cage of gathering simultaneously again, begin second day the second period of searching for food and laying eggs, so reciprocation cycle from laying eggs; Notice that each cultures the aging, dead of unit kind fly, during to constantly replenish new fly maggot and fly pupa, make it remain at ten thousand kind flies of 5-6.

It is that a young maggot and the remaining kind of fly feed collected are poured the fly maggot culture pond into that the fly maggot of present embodiment is raised, and 10 young maggots of culturing unit are approximately poured in each pond into, and about 5,000 ten thousand, culture pond keeps 25 ℃; The gap oxygenation makes fly maggot keep disperseing, evenly; During like nutritional deficiency, new excrement slurries can be replenished, also artificial feed can be added; Through four days cultivation, fly maggot developed into for 4 ages, can gather.2 empty ponds are reserved in attention when fly maggot is cultivated.

The fly maggot of present embodiment is gathered and the blowdown process is: stop the supple of gas or steam when gathering, fly maggot swims on the liquid level, is easy to fish for net; The fly maggot of fishing for 25 ℃ of warm water washings after, put into the empty pond of reservation, add dregs of beans slurry and trace element in the empty pond; In the original breeding pond, collect behind the fly maggot excrement slurry raffinate in the original pond of venting, after rinsing well; Add dregs of beans slurry and trace element; Put into the fly maggot that gather in second pond, the fly maggot in the 3rd pond is put into second pond with quadrat method, so makes fly maggot get into the blowdown cultivation stage; Through 24 hours blowdown, with 1/5000 potassium permanganate flushing 5 minutes, can get into procedure at last, 1 ton of odorless fly maggot is approximately collected in every pond; Put into roller dryer to the bright fly maggot of collecting, 60 ℃ of dryings, bright maggot per ton can do maggot 0.2-0.25 ton, takes 15 ponds every day, gets 15 tons of bright maggots or dried maggot 3-4 ton, can get about 5000 tons of bright maggot every year.

Claims (1)

1. method of utilizing feces to carry out fly maggot breeding; Comprise animal wastes collection and pre-treatment, plant that the fly cage is cultivated and fly maggot pond formula is raised three steps, it is characterized in that animal wastes collection and pre-treatment are that animal wastes are collected in the interim feace storing pool, first with behind large size grid filtration elimination stalk and the thick solid content body; Smash into feces to pieces through the high speed bruisher; Add EM bacterium or ferment bacterium or the mixed bacteria of the two simultaneously, filter the 5-20 angel feces of fermenting in the back entering feace storing pool with fine fack again and further liquefy, form the feces after liquefying; Kill parasite and pathogenic bacteria simultaneously, alleviate foul smell; Planting the cultivation of fly cage is the fly that fly likes the putrid food of eating to be placed on the dew open country to be concentrated locate; Let it search for food and lay eggs, being placed on the network chain of fly cage top after the fly maggot collection that generates, deliver to fly maggot or pupa in each fly cage after 3-5 days by network chain; Become fly by pupa after 3-10 days, begin to lay eggs; When the kind fly in each fly cage reached requirement, fly blow and fly pupa began to gather; From adding the fly feed the network chain fly maggot charging hopper down, be transported to each fly cage earlier, plant when fly searches for food by day and lay eggs by network chain; Night, the kind fly was stopped action, and fly blow is through hatching in 12 hours nights simultaneously, and morning next day, major part became young maggot; Network chain is delivered to collecting vessel to the related residual bait of young maggot; Add new feed from the fly maggot charging hopper simultaneously, send into each fly cage, the hatching of laying eggs of a beginning new round; So reciprocation cycle is gathered fly blow and fly maggot morning every day; It is to raise at fly maggot to keep the light stool slurry temperature in the pond that fly maggot pond formula is raised, and oxygenation is constantly stirred fly maggot in raising the pond, evenly distribute, and prevents excessive accumulation; When fly maggot is raised the pond startup, close the discharge gate valve earlier, open charging valve; Feces flows into when adding to the 60cm height the pond from high-order pond, stops to feed in raw material, and opens heat pipeline by-pass valve control and oxygenation pipeline control valve door; Make the feces temperature keep 25 ℃, and be flow regime slowly; Be metered into young fly maggot, cultivate 3-4 days fly maggots and developed into for 4 ages during fast pupa, stop oxygenation, the fly maggot major part swims in the upper strata, fishes for mesh bag to get final product; A small amount of fly maggot can access with net when discharge, stops the supple of gas or steam earlier when adding feces as need are additional, makes the fly maggot come-up, opens the bleeder valve blowing, puts how many material, additional how many bright feces; 4 days is one-period, processes perhaps bright fly maggot shipment after the bright fly maggot process blowdown of collection, the sterilization; Described feace storing pool is communicated with by the cement pit of four townhouses and with pipeline and forms, and each cement pit is high 4 meters, and long 10 meters, wide 5 meters, total measurement (volume) is 200m ³Described fly cage is to use welded tube or stainless steel tube to be welded into frame structure earlier, long 30 meters of framework, and wide 2 meters, high 1 meter, leg is high 0.2 meter; On framework, apart from upper frame 10cm place, to install one and go up network chain, mesh is 60 orders, last network chain is wide 1 meter, and long 33 meters, laterally run through whole framework, and respectively extend 1.5 meters at the framework two ends, an end is installed the fly maggot funnel, and an end is installed collecting vessel; Below framework, from one meter of upper frame a following network chain is installed, mesh is 60 orders, following network chain is wide 2 meters; Long 33 meters, laterally through whole framework, and respectively extend 1.5 meters at the framework two ends; One end is installed the fly-maggot feed hopper, and an end is installed the fly maggot collecting vessel, and network chain constitutes the bottom of fly cage; Through the place, carrying roller is installed at network chain, is supported network chain, simultaneously, play the effect of stiffening frame; Cover whole framework with mosquito netting cloth at last, also separate, make whole cylinder mould be separated into 20 little cages with the mosquito net gauze at each interval; Long 1.5 meters of each little cage, wide 2 meters, high 1 meter; Only allow network chain to pass through from the centre, but and move left and right, the fly between each little cage can not pass through; The lower end of mosquito net gauze joins with following network chain, finally becomes totally enclosed little fly cage; It is 5-10 little cement pit in a row that described fly maggot is raised the pond, and each little cement pit girth is 3 meters * 4 meters, and the degree of depth is 0.7 meter; Overlapping 2 to 3 layers; Each little cement pit bottom is provided with U-shaped heating tube, oxygenation pipeline and by-pass valve control, raises the bottom, pond at fly maggot and establishes discharge gate and valve, and fly maggot is raised the top, pond and had the high-order pond of feces, and is connected with charge pipe.