CN102036286A - Deterministic scheduling-based wireless sensor network channel assessment method - Google Patents
Deterministic scheduling-based wireless sensor network channel assessment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention requests for protecting a deterministic scheduling-based channel assessment method in a wireless sensor network. The channel assessment method comprises that: the channel use number of each time slot is calculated by combining industrial wireless deterministic scheduling technology according to the parameters such as the period of a super frame, the length of a channel hopping sequence, a channel hopping mode and the like; a channel assessment time selection method is raised by analyzing channel use rate and network traffic of equipment; the equipment assesses the communication quality of a channel at reasonable time, and sends a channel assessment quality table to a system manager; and the system manager divides the level of the channel according to the packet loss rate, and notifies total network equipment of a channel blacklist by broadcasting. The method can effectively improve the reliability and stability of wireless sensor network communication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless sensor network technology field, be specifically related to a kind of channel evaluation method of the wireless sensor network based on deterministic schedule.
Background technology
Sensor network is the wireless communication technology of short distance, low rate information exchange between the rise beginning of this century, a kind of equipment oriented, have that antijamming capability is strong, characteristics such as low-power consumption and deterministic communication, so it all has good application prospects in applications such as Industry Control, environmental monitoring, commercial monitoring, medical treatment.
In industrial quarters, if use the wired sensor network, cost is higher and implement difficulty, and the introducing of wireless sensor network has solved problems such as industry spot difficult wiring, installation and maintenance cost height.Industrial wireless sensor network is with its low-power consumption, and characteristics have cheaply become the another development trend in industrial automation field.Set up wireless sensor network under the industrial environment and become a urgent demand with high reliability.
In wireless sensor network, wireless HART, ISA100.11a, WIA-PA, ZigBee, system all are operated in the 2.4G frequency range, and industrial wireless sensor network provides multiple Anti-Jamming Technique in order to prevent the co-channel interference of other networks.Self adaptation hop channel technology is an anti-interference mode main in the industrial wireless sensor network, and it is by periodically assessing channel quality, disturbed difference channel is shielded reach jamproof purpose.Because industrial wireless sensor network has adopted the deterministic schedule technology, the utilization rate difference of every channel, therefore the evaluation time of every channel can not be adopted unified standard, should select in conjunction with the data flow of network.The research of industrial wireless sensor network channel evaluation method mainly is that system cycle ground is assessed each channel at present, has been channel and difference channel according to unified standard with channel distribution, by the use of " blacklist " technology shielding difference channel.Although these methods can improve the anti-interference of system, but there is shortcoming: the characteristics that the choosing of channel estimating time do not considered network data flow and the problem of channel utilization rate.Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of industrial wireless sensor network channel evaluation method based on deterministic schedule, purpose is to solve the problem of choosing of channel estimating time.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, the channel evaluation method of existing wireless sensor network is failed the problem channel effectively assessed at deterministic schedule characteristics in the network.System administration manager is periodically assessed all working channel, and the packet loss of a certain channel is greater than the threshold value of network settings, and system administration manager is just put into " blacklist " to this channel, and the notice whole network equipment shields this channel.This method easily causes the minimizing of channel utilization rate, the waste of network service resource, problems such as the reduction of network throughput, the invention provides a kind of channel evaluation method of the wireless sensor network based on deterministic schedule, according to the difference of every channel life cycle in the wireless sensor network, a kind of channel estimating time selection mechanism has been proposed.This mechanism can improve channel estimating efficient effectively, helps the reasonable distribution of system administration manager to channel in the subnet.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the channel evaluation method based on the wireless sensor network of deterministic schedule comprises the steps:
A) based on network absolute time slot, the superframe that calculates a certain time slot is offset and channels offset.The computational methods of superframe skew are according to the relation of absolute time slot and network super frame period; The computational methods of channels offset are divided into time slot hop channel pattern and slow hop channel pattern, under every kind of pattern, calculate according to parameters such as absolute time slot, hop channel sequence lengths.
B) based on the characteristics of wireless sensor network deterministic schedule, computing equipment uses number at the channel of a certain time slot.System administration manager intercoms mutually to resources such as whole network equipment distribution time slots, the channel number that equipment uses at a certain time slot is divided into time slot hop channel pattern and slow hop channel pattern, under every kind of pattern, according to super frame period, calculation of parameter such as hop channel sequence length.
C) the channel estimating time of every channel in the calculating wireless sensor network.Equipment is worked under the hop channel pattern, the channels offset that a certain time slot uses is calculated according to step a), the channel number is calculated according to step b), the time of each channel quality of equipment evaluation according to the network data flow characteristics with different, the data packet number of the evaluation time of every channel by on channel, sending, and the time interval of using same channel to communicate calculate.
D) according to the predetermined estimation method channel quality is assessed.Calculate channel estimating time of every channel by step c), equipment was added up the packet loss of channel according to this time, and assessment result is recorded in the channel estimating quality table; System administration manager is according to each quality of channel of packet loss assessment of scenario in the channel estimating quality table, if the packet loss of a certain channel greater than the threshold value that is provided with, system administration manager is put into blacklist with this channel, then the broadcast announcement whole network equipment; After equipment is received broadcast frame, extract blacklist information, change hop channel sequence.
With respect to prior art, method of the present invention considers that channel resource all has material impact to the network operation and network throughput, certainty scheduling, channel utilization rate, channel estimating time to wireless sensor network are worked in coordination with research, use the computational methods of number simultaneously according to channel in the further phase-split network of hop channel pattern of network.Therefore channel evaluation method of the present invention has not only satisfied the anti-interference of wireless sensor network but also have the good channel resource utilization, can this improve the reliability and the throughput of network communication of wireless sensor.
Description of drawings
Acquiescence hop channel sequence schematic diagram in Fig. 1 wireless sensor network;
Two kinds of hop channel pattern diagram of Fig. 2 wireless sensor network;
The many superframes of Fig. 3 are converted into the flow chart of a new superframe;
Two superframes of Fig. 4 are converted into the process schematic diagram of a superframe;
The flow chart of Fig. 5 radio sensor network channel assessment.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The absolute time slot that the present invention is based on network calculates the superframe skew and the channels offset of a certain time slot; Based on wireless sensor network deterministic schedule characteristics,, call absolute time slot, superframe, the total number of the employed channel of certain time slot of hop channel sequence computing equipment and corresponding channel number according to the hop channel pattern; Calculate the channel estimating time of every channel in the wireless sensor network; According to the channel evaluation method of determining channel quality is assessed in the time at channel estimating.
The present invention is according to the relation of superframe and hop channel sequence, and the hop channel pattern of combining with wireless sensor network simultaneously calculates the life cycle of wireless network each channel in running.The present invention has proposed the selection mechanism of channel estimating time in the wireless sensor network according to the difference of every channel life cycle under the different situations.Below in conjunction with instantiation, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the hop channel sequence of wireless sensor network ISA100.11a acquiescence.Generally all provide the hop channel sequence of an acquiescence based on the wireless sensor network standards of deterministic schedule mechanism, such as the hop channel sequence 1 of ISA100.11a network be: 19,12,20,24,16,23,18,25,14,21,11,15,22,17,13,26.Continuous two channels in this acquiescence hop channel sequence 3 channels of being separated by at least can be avoided producing continuity with other wireless device effectively and conflict, particularly IEEE 802.11b equipment.Because continuous 2 channels in the acquiescence hop channel sequence can not appear at on 1 IEEE802.11b channel, thereby have reduced the continuous interference of IEEE802.11b equipment to wireless network.Corresponding physical channel is selected according to the channel offset of hop channel sequence by system in the hop channel sequence in the process of operation.If the hop channel side-play amount is 0, this system begins to switch physical channel from the 1st channel of acquiescence hop channel sequence, if the hop channel side-play amount is 5, then this system begins to switch physical channel from the 6th channel of acquiescence hop channel sequence.Just the hop channel sequence of acquiescence can be developed into 16 hop channel sequences of different side-play amounts by that analogy, equipment in the different sub-network can adopt different hop channel sequences to communicate, at one time, the channel that equipment uses has nothing in common with each other, thereby has reduced the phase mutual interference between the equipment.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as three kinds of hop channel patterns of industrial wireless sensor network.In wireless sensor network, the hop channel method is to improve a kind of simple effective method of network anti-interference.The hop channel pattern can be divided into time slot hop channel pattern, slow hop channel pattern and mix the hop channel pattern.
1) crack hop channel pattern: each time slot is changed a secondary channel according to hop channel sequence period ground, and the length of time slot is generally 10ms.This pattern generally is used for the higher wireless sensor network of timing tracking accuracy.
2) slow hop channel pattern: the time slot of several successive uses identical channel, and this pattern is mainly used in the not high wireless sensor network of timing tracking accuracy.
3) mix the hop channel pattern: this pattern is the combination of time slot hop channel and slow hop channel pattern.Can time slot hop channel cycle and slow hop channel cycle be set respectively according to the characteristics of network scheduling.
Superframe is one group of equal-sized time slot set, the size of time slot determined superframe cycle cycle (
S p ).Time slot is the least unit of transfer of data, supposes that a time slot is T ms.For avoiding interference, the equipment in the network adopts the hop channel pattern to communicate.The hop channel sequence length (
C l ) can influence the channel number that each time slot of superframe uses.When wireless sensor network system begins to dispatch, suppose that absolute time slot picks up counting from 0, every through a time slot, absolute time slot, channels offset and superframe skew increase by 1 successively, and the skew of channels offset and superframe is when reaching maximum (periodic quantity), and superframe skew and channels offset are clear 0, restart calculating.The computational methods that each time slot uses the channel number will be discussed below in two kinds of situation.
(a) time slot hop channel pattern
When the equipment in the network has higher timing tracking accuracy, can adopt time slot hop channel pattern to prevent to disturb.Equipment uses different channel communications at each time slot.When system begins to dispatch, absolute time slot
A (t)=
t/
T,
tBe system time,
TBe the cycle.Channels offset C
Ofs(t) and superframe skew S
Ofs(t) all since 0 counting.According to absolute time slot, channels offset, the relation between the superframe skew, definable channels offset and superframe skew are:
（2）
Channel sequence length in formula (1), (2)
C l And super frame period
S p All be the important parameter of industrial wireless sensor network deterministic schedule, they respectively and absolute time slot linear relationship in direct ratio.According to super frame period, the length of hop channel sequence can calculate the channel number that each time slot uses
N i (i=0,1,2 ... S
p-1):
（3）
Wherein
Least common multiple for super frame period and hop channel sequence length.The length of supposing the hop channel sequence is 16, and super frame period is 25 time slots, and their least common multiple is 400.The channel number used of each time slot in the superframe is 400/25=16 so, and the channel utilization rate is 100%; If the length of hop channel sequence is constant, super frame period changes 50 time slots into, then can extrapolate the channel number that each time slot of superframe uses and be 400/50=8, and the channel utilization rate is reduced to 50%; This shows, when the hop channel sequence length of network is fixing, change the cycle of superframe, utilization rate that can the changed network channel resource.
(b) slow hop channel pattern
If the precision of the equipment time synchronized in the network is not very high, can adopt slow hop channel pattern communication.The hop period of slow hop channel pattern (
S1 p ) be the set of one section time slot in the superframe.Equipment is changed a secondary channel every a slow frequency hopping cycle.Under this pattern, the computational methods of superframe skew are the same with time slot hop channel pattern, and channels offset is then different, is defined as:
（4）
The cycle of supposing the system superframe is 50 time slots, and the length of hop channel sequence is 16, and the slow frequency hopping cycle is 5 time slots.When absolute time slot was 75, can calculate current superframe skew by formula (2) was 25, and calculating channels offset by formula (4) is 15, and when equipment used the hop channel sequence of Fig. 1, the channel of the current use of this time slot was 26 channels.Each time slot channel under the slow hop channel pattern uses number to be:
When the cycle of superframe is 20 time slots, the length 16 of hop channel sequence, and the slow hop channel cycle is 5, system changes a secondary channel every 5 time slots.According to formula (5), the channel number of trying to achieve each time slot use of superframe is 4, and the channel utilization rate is 25%; Be set to 10 when the slow hop channel cycle, under the situation of other parameter constants, the channel number that each time slot of superframe uses is 8, and the channel utilization rate brings up to 50%.In order to effectively utilize the network channel resource, can make that network usage is 100% according to the cycle of the length reasonable disposition network superframe of hop channel sequence.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as the flow chart that many superframes are converted into a new superframe.If there are many superframes in the system
(wherein, i=1,2 ...), under all the same situation of the hop channel sequence of every superframe, many superframes can be converted to a superframe, and then calculate the utilization rate of each channel according to the situation of single superframe.Method is as follows: at first calculate new super frame period
:
The cycle of new superframe is the least common multiple of many super frame period, then with the link in the former superframe
L
j (wherein, j=1,2 ...) be sequentially arranged on the new superframe according to time sequencing, if at certain time slot, there is the situation of link conflict in many superframes, the link of this time slot is selected the time slot link of the highest superframe of priority according to the priority of superframe.If the slot offset that X is a link on original superframe, the slot offset of the link on any superframe on new superframe be respectively X, X+
, X+2
..., X+n
And X+n
＜=
-1 (wherein, n=0,1,2 ...).
A plurality of superframes can be converted to a superframe by above-mentioned method, simplify the research of relevant deterministic schedule in the industry wireless network.For example moved two superframes in system, the priority of superframe 1 is higher than superframe 2.As shown in Figure 4, the cycle of superframe 1
=8, superframe 1 has disposed two links, is respectively the transmission link Ta of time slot 1 and the reception link R of time slot 5; The cycle of superframe 2
=3, superframe 2 has disposed one and has sent link Tb at time slot 2.Now superframe 1 and superframe 2 are changed into an other new superframe 3, calculate the super frame period that makes new advances according to formula (6)
=24.The link of original two superframes is distributed on the new superframe 3 successively according to time sequencing.The superframe skew of the transmission link of superframe 1 on superframe 3 is respectively 1,1+8,1+2*8; Receive the superframe skew of link on superframe 3 and be respectively 5,5+8,5+2*8.In like manner the transmission link of superframe 2 is respectively 2,2+3,2+2*3,2+3*3,2+4*3,2+5*3,2+6*3,2+7*3 in the superframe skew of superframe 3.When the superframe skew of superframe 3 was 5 and 17, the link of superframe 1 and superframe 2 clashed, and according to superframe priority height, preferentially selected the link of superframe 1.
Figure 5 shows that the flow chart of radio sensor network channel assessment.After equipment receives the broadcast frame of system administration manager transmission, resolve blacklist information, judge whether to upgrade the hop channel sequence information of this equipment then,, then upgrade the hop channel sequence, shield bad channel if some channel appears in the blacklist.When system administration manager is given the devices allocation communication resource, dispose the transmission that specific time slot is specifically designed to the report of device channel quality of evaluation.Equipment is according to the packet loss on every channel of channel estimating time cycle geo-statistic, and is recorded in the channel estimating quality table.When time slot arrived, equipment was to system administration manager transmitting channel quality of evaluation table.
System administration manager has been divided into channel and bad channel according to the channel quality of device report and according to the threshold value of channel packet loss with the channel that equipment uses.If the threshold value that the channel packet loss of terminal node report is provided with greater than system, system administration manager is assessed as bad channel with this channel, then this channel is put into " blacklist ", and passes through the equipment of broadcast announcement the whole network.
In industrial wireless sensor network, terminal equipment is assessed (packet loss of statistical channel) according to the channel estimating time to the communication quality of network channel.The length of channel estimating time can directly influence the fail safe and the real-time of wireless industrial system.If system is when being interfered, the channel estimating time is oversize, may cause losing important data message, and the channel estimating time is too shortly caused unnecessary energy waste, so the time of channel estimating is particularly important.
T Int In each time interval of using same channel to communicate of indication equipment, unit is: ms/ time.When equipment was assessed a certain channel, the number that sends packet on this channel will reach the threshold value (P that system administration manager is provided with
Thr).According to the discrete distribution of link in superframe, divide two kinds of situations to calculate
T Int
1) if in the superframe slot time between any two links to differ be not the integral multiple of hop channel sequence length:
2) be the integral multiple of hop channel sequence length if the slot time of N bar link is arranged in the superframe:
The channel estimating time T
ChFor:
Industrial wireless sensor network adopts the deterministic schedule technology, and equipment work have nothing in common with each other owing to send the number of times of packet on each channel, so equipment is also different to the time that each channel carries out quality evaluation under the hop channel pattern.For example, the hop channel sequence length that network is set is 16, and the hop channel sequence is: 19,12,20,24,16,23,18,25,14,21,11,15,22,17,13,26.Superframe length is 100 time slots, and superframe skew is that one of configuration sends link on 1 the time slot, and equipment sends the threshold value of packet on channel
P Thr =100.When equipment work during in time slot hop channel pattern, according to the choosing method of this paper channel estimating time, channels offset and the channel that can be released each time slot of superframe by formula (1) (3) use number, and the channel that time slot 1 uses is: 12,23,21,17.Only need add up the packet loss on these four channels during the equipment evaluation channel.Formula (7) calculates equipment sends packet on some channels blanking time
T Int Be 4000ms, the evaluation time that can release each channel according to formula (9) is 400s; When equipment work during in slow hop channel pattern, the slow frequency hopping cycle
Be 10 time slots, the channel use number that can draw each time slot of superframe according to formula (5) is 8, and the channel that time slot 1 uses is: 12,24,16,23,25,21,15,17,26.And equipment sends the blanking time of packet on some channels is 8000ms, and the evaluation time of each channel is 800s.Therefore, different hop channel pattern can influence the time of equipment evaluation channel.Equipment is according to the channel estimating time, periodically add up the packet loss on each channel, when specific time slot (system administration manager is distributed to equipment and is used for transmitting channel quality of evaluation table) arrived, equipment just reported to system administration manager with the channel quality status unification; System administration manager can periodically be checked the channel operating position of whole network equipment, according to the packet loss threshold value bad channel is put into blacklist, and the equipment in the broadcast announcement network; Equipment is received after this broadcast frame, extracts blacklist information, changes the hop channel sequence information of this equipment, shields the use of bad channel.
The channel evaluation method that the present invention proposes has been taken all factors into consideration the situation of channel utilization and Internet traffic, and the selection mechanism of channel estimating time is more rationalized the appraisal procedure of channel communication quality.
Claims (5)
1. based on the channel evaluation method of the wireless sensor network of deterministic schedule, it is characterized in that the based on network absolute time slot of this channel evaluation method calculates the superframe skew S of a certain time slot
Ofs(t) and channels offset C
Ofs(t); Based on wireless sensor network deterministic schedule characteristics,, call absolute time slot according to the hop channel pattern
A (t), superframe, the total number of the employed channel of certain time slot of hop channel sequence computing equipment and corresponding channel number; Calculate the channel estimating time of every channel in the wireless sensor network; Channel quality is assessed in the time at channel estimating.
2. channel evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described superframe skew is determined according to the relation of absolute time slot and network super frame period; Equipment is determined channels offset according to absolute time slot, hop channel sequence length under time slot hop channel pattern, slow hop channel pattern.
3. channel evaluation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the equipment channels offset that a certain time slot uses under time slot hop channel pattern is according to formula
Calculate, the channel number is according to formula
Calculate; The equipment channels offset that a certain time slot uses under slow hop channel pattern is according to formula
Calculate, the channel number is according to formula
Calculate; The data packet number of the evaluation time of every channel by on channel, sending, and the time interval calculating of using same channel to communicate.
4. channel evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described definite channel evaluation method is specially, equipment channel estimating in the time packet loss to channel add up, assessment result is recorded in the channel estimating quality table; System administration manager is assessed each quality of channel according to the packet loss in the channel estimating quality table, if the packet loss of a certain channel is greater than the threshold value that is provided with, system administration manager is put into blacklist with this channel, then the broadcast announcement whole network equipment, equipment extracts blacklist information, change hop channel sequence.
5. channel evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described deterministic schedule is specially, if there are many superframes in the system, the hop channel sequence of every superframe is all the same, convert many superframes to a superframe, the cycle of determining new superframe is the least common multiple of many super frame period, then the link in the former superframe is sequentially arranged on the new superframe according to time sequencing, if at certain time slot, there is the situation of link conflict in many superframes, and the link of this time slot is selected the time slot link of the highest superframe of priority according to the priority of superframe.
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