CN102011702A - Method and mechanism for controlling propeller pitch angle of vertical-axis wind turbine with magnetic force and wind power - Google Patents
Method and mechanism for controlling propeller pitch angle of vertical-axis wind turbine with magnetic force and wind power Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for directly controlling the propeller pitch angle of a blade by adopting magnetic force and wind power. The technology comprises the following steps of: connecting a rotor comprising magnetic elements with the outer side of a rotating shaft of the blade, coaxially rotating the rotor along with the blade, forming a stator by the magnetic elements connected with a wind wheel bracket; enabling the stator and the rotor to mutually act through the magnetic force, stopping the blade in a non-deflection position by the acting force in case of lacking the influence of wind power; and stopping the rotor rotating by the stator through magnetic force when the blade is driven by wind power and rotates downwind because the rotating shaft of the blade is arranged at the front side of the pressure center of the blade, increasing the acting force of the stator along with the increase of a deflection angle and rotating the blade to a position where the two forces are balanced. The magnetic elements of the stator comprise energized coils and can change the relation between the deflection angle of the blade and the wind speed by controlling the change of the coil current, thus the invention is easy to realize the functions of wind mill start, pitch and speed variance, fixed-pitch speed variance, fixed-speed pitch variance, smooth-pitch halt, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the controlling method of lift vertical shaft blade of wind-driven generator propeller pitch angle, control by the blade pitch angle, make the performance of lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system obtain bigger raising, the controlling method of the blade of vertical axis wind turbine propeller pitch angle that the present invention relates to adopts magnetic force and wind-force directly to control the propeller pitch angle of blade.
Background technique
The vertical axis windmill of lift-type is realized the self-starting of wind energy conversion system by the propeller pitch angle control of blade, can be in the wind speed range operation of broad, a kind of simple and practical technology is directly to promote the blade beat by wind-force to realize that the slurry propeller pitch angle changes, place restrictions on the beat amplitude with centrifugal block, CN1009569B discloses a kind of Wing swinging type vertical shaft wind motor at Chinese invention patent application authorization specification.The fan blade of this wind energy conversion system adopts the beat amplitude of centrifugal block limit blade, and block can slide in the wind wheel cross bar, is held by spring, and block has v-notch towards the outer end, a pin is arranged on the blade in this breach.Block is outwards moved by centrifugal action during the wind wheel rotation, and pin was on v-notch top when rotating speed was low, and blade has the hunting range of broad, and pin was in the v-notch bottom when rotating speed was high, and the blade oscillating scope diminishes, thereby reaches the purpose of control blade beat amplitude.Owing to be to utilize slide block and pin limit blade hunting range, blade and associated components are in frequent crash situation during operation, easily cause components damage, and the lubricated and sealing of slide block is also cumbersome, can not directly realize becoming the slurry speed governing.I disclose a kind of method of utilizing centrifugal force and wind-force directly to control the blade of vertical axis wind turbine beat in the Chinese invention patent of application number 200910108678.0, this method adopts the parts that are connected with quality at blade by the wind wheel outer side, when wind wheel rotates under the wind-force effect, parts are subjected to the centrifugal force towards the wind wheel outside, this power has a moment to blade rotor, blade also is subjected to the effect of wind-force simultaneously, its moment to blade rotor is then opposite, it is zero position that blade will be put to two moment algebraic sum, the blade oscillating angle is directly relevant with wind-force and wind speed round, wide preferably wind speed roadability is arranged, and simple in structure, it is limited also wayward to become the oar speed adjusting performance when its shortcoming is high wind speed.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is a kind of controlling method of blade of vertical axis wind turbine slurry elongation, utilizes magnetic force and wind-force directly to control the propeller pitch angle of blade.Pendulum angle at lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system control blade in service can improve operational effect greatly, the aerodynamic load when allowing blade freely swing with the wind when wind energy conversion system is shut down can to remove high wind.The method of operation after wind energy conversion system is started shipment mainly contains four-stage, and the one, the start up period, pneumatic equipment blades made can be swung within the specific limits, and wind speed round rises, and rotating power progressively is converted to lift by resistance; The 2nd, in the low wind speed variable-speed operation stage, wind wheel moves in the variable-pitch variable-speed mode, and the 3rd, wind speed transfers to when high slightly decides the operation of oar gear shift mode; The 4th, enter the change oar constant speed operation phase during high wind speed, this moment, the wind wind wheel moved to become the oar mode of speed regulation, and wind wheel is moved by given rotating speed.The swaying direction of the change oar speed governing blade when variable-pitch variable-speed when being low wind speed or high wind speed all is to rotate with the wind, blade rotor is located at blade aerodynamic center the place ahead, the moment that the wind blade produces can make blade rotate with the wind, and the propeller pitch angle servomechanism only need produce a suitably big or small opposite moment in addition just can make blade balance on the position of setting.A fundamental relation is all followed in change oar speed governing when variable-pitch variable-speed when being low wind speed or high wind speed, the blade rotation angle increases with wind-force when Control Parameter is constant, reduce and reduce with wind-force, adopt magnetic machinery to be easier to realize corresponding relation between moment and corner, so feather servomechanism of the present invention employing magnetic machinery.
The technological scheme that employing magnetic force of the present invention and wind-force are directly controlled the propeller pitch angle of blade is: the rotating shaft outside at blade is connected with rotor part, is made up of magnetic element, and these parts are called rotor with the blade coaxial rotation; The magnetic element that is connected on the wind wheel support is formed stator, and rotor and stator are formed the servomechanism of vane propeller-changing jointly.Stator and rotor are by magnetic interaction, and active force makes blade be still in no beat position when no wind-force influences, promptly 0 of servomechanism.Because blade rotor is in front side, blade pressure center, wind-force promotion blade rotates with the wind when wind, and stator then stops rotor rotation by magnetic force, and its active force increases with the increase of deviation angle.Except the diameter of rotor, stator is directly connected to the size that produces moment, the characteristic of moment variations is also relevant with relative position, air gap shape, magnetic induction intensity and the magnetic direction of rotor, stator, can simply realize required control characteristic by the design to these parameters.
Active force between rotor and the stator can be that attraction force or repulsive force or both have, and rotor can be made up of one or more magnetic elements, and stator also can be made up of one or more magnetic elements; Air-gap magnetic field direction between rotor and stator can be axially or radially or around the circumferencial direction of axle; Magnetic element can be made of permanent magnet or electromagnet or hot-wire coil or soft magnetic material.
The servomechanism that employing magnetic force disclosed by the invention and wind-force are directly controlled the propeller pitch angle of blade is: rotor magnetic component adopts permanent magnet, in rotating shaft one side two permanent magnets is installed, and between two magnets air gap is arranged, and magnetic direction is axial; In rotating shaft symmetry one side two permanent magnets are installed also, between two magnets air gap are arranged, magnetic direction also is that axially the both sides magnetic direction is opposite, and the both sides magnet all is installed on the rotor magnetic Yoke, and magnetic Yoke is fixed in the rotating shaft, constitutes rotor jointly.Stator magnetic element adopts iron-less core coil, and coil is in the air gap of rotor permanent magnet, and two groups of coils that symmetry is installed are the permanent magnet of corresponding both sides rotor respectively.Every group of coil is made up of two or more coils, and the corresponding rotating shaft of the winding wire in air gap is radiation direction, and launches to arrange that coil is installed in the servomechanism casing lower end cap along several angle.Magnetic force makes rotor magnet rest on the hub of a spool position during coil electricity, stops the moment of rotor deflection to increase with deflection angle, and its corresponding relation can change by changing coil current.The hard-over of the spacing pin restrict rotor of electromagnetism is housed on casing, and the hub of a spool location definition is 0 of servomechanism.There is not the place of winding wire that sheet metal is arranged at stator, when wind energy conversion system stops, all coils power failure short circuit, the spacing pin of electromagnetism is opened, and blade can be swung arbitrarily with the wind, but the high speed swinging of the coil damping vane of sheet metal and short circuit.
The servomechanism that employing magnetic force of the present invention and wind-force are directly controlled the propeller pitch angle of blade adopts microprocessor to control, because the deflection angle of blade and wind-force are not single variation relation, wind wheel has different corresponding relations when the different load of the different rotating speed of different wind speed, the present invention sets the main method of operation of wind energy conversion system with reference to wind speed according to the tip speed ratio of wind wheel, again wind speed round is decided and want monitored object to control the pendulum angle of blade, just the rotation angle of servomechanism.The major control flow process of microprocessor is: start wind wheel, make the blade steering initial position to coil power supply; Start the spacing pin of electromagnetism, the full swing scope of limit blade is to start the wind wheel rotating manner to coil power supply; Tip speed ratio progressively transferred the lift mode to above 0.6 o'clock and moves.The tip speed ratio for the treatment of wind wheel surpass 1 back by low wind speed variable-pitch variable-speed mode to coil power supply, the given control electric current of segmentation adopts less Torque Control when rotating speed is low, the bigger Torque Control of employing when rotating speed is higher.When the tip speed ratio of rotating speed rising wind wheel surpasses 4, then blade oscillating is limited in very among a small circle to decide the operation of oar gear shift mode with big moment, surpass if servomechanism is equipped with the magnetic force pin at 5 o'clock at the tip speed ratio of wind wheel, can start pin locking blade and not rotate, reach the real oar of deciding.If surpassing given rotating speed, wind speed upwind wheel speed then enters high wind speed change oar speed governing operation mode, compare timely adjustment coil current with given rotating speed according to detected wind speed round, rotating speed rises and then reduces moment, rotating speed descends and then strengthens moment, and the employing closed loop control is controlled at wind speed round near the given rotating speed.Can control with reference to aforesaid way for the wind-driven generator that adopts power adjustments.
Wind energy conversion system microprocessor in service when wind speed round does not reach given rotating speed, improves rotating speed according to the wind speed round scope conversion method of operation at any time as far as possible; When wind speed round reaches given rotating speed, rotating speed is controlled near the given rotating speed, guarantee that wind wheel is with higher efficient operation.
The safe operation control of wind energy conversion system is: turn to parking when wind speed surpasses cut-out wind speed; Wind energy conversion system rotating speed in service surpasses to be adjusted generator load in limited time and still can not fall rotating speed and promptly turn to parking on the given rotating speed; Adjusting generator load when blade in service is repeatedly put spacing angle still can not solve and turn to parking.Shut-down operation is to cut off all coils electric current and short-circuited coil immediately, opens the spacing pin of electromagnetism simultaneously and swings with the wind by blade, and wind wheel also just stops the rotation, and can start brake simultaneously.
Magnetic machinery both sides parts do not have bump and do not have wearing and tearing, and noiseless need not be safeguarded substantially.Wind energy conversion system need not determine the wind direction, and its blade oscillating angle directly is subjected to wind-drive, and good real-time is arranged.
Because electromagnetic force is easy to control; the present invention adopt than the simple magnetic force mechanisms just can realize vertical axis windmill startup, variable-pitch variable-speed, decide functions such as oar speed change, the speed governing of change oar, feathering protection, damping vane high speed swinging, particularly controlled change oar speed governing is to expansion vertical axis windmill using scope highly significant.
Description of drawings
7 pages of this Figure of description are 22 width of cloth altogether:
Fig. 1 a relies on the interactional schematic diagram of attraction force; Fig. 1 b relies on the interactional schematic diagram of repulsive force; Fig. 1 c relies on repulsive force and the coefficient schematic diagram of attraction force;
Fig. 2 a is the plan view of the stator structure of servomechanism; Fig. 2 b is the plan view of magnetic Yoke and magnet structure under the rotor of servomechanism; Fig. 2 c is the plan view of servomechanism section;
Fig. 3 a is the plan view (revolve and turn 90 degrees) of servomechanism rotor; Fig. 3 b is the left view (no stator) of servomechanism section;
Fig. 4 a is the plan view of servomechanism stator coil layout and rotor field; Fig. 4 b is the plan view of first kind of construction rotor of servomechanism; Fig. 4 c is the plan view of second kind of construction rotor of servomechanism; Fig. 4 d is the plan view of the third construction rotor of servomechanism;
Fig. 5 a is the main sub-process of servomechanism control; Fig. 5 b is the main control flow process of servomechanism;
Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b, Fig. 6 c, Fig. 6 d, Fig. 6 e, Fig. 6 f are the rotor torque of servomechanism when various running state and the performance diagram of corner;
Fig. 7 a is a servomechanism rotor magnetic pin jack position view; Fig. 7 b is a servomechanism magnetic force pin mounting point schematic representation;
Identical reference character is used for representing same parts in above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Cx3 is included among the Cx2 in Fig. 5 b neutron flow process, and sub-process Cx7 is included among Cx4, Cx5, the Cx6, for knowing that flow for displaying turns to sub-process is proposed to show.
Embodiment
According to the characteristics of magnetic machinery, the interaction mode between rotor magnetic component and the stator magnetic element is varied, and for example Fig. 1 a is that stator magnetic element (Bd) pins down moving of rotor magnetic component (Bz) with attraction force; Fig. 1 b be have in rotor magnetic component (Bz) both sides stator magnetic element (Bd1) with (Bd2), stator magnetic element suppresses moving of rotor magnetic component with repulsive force; Fig. 1 c has three stator magnetic elements, (Bd1) with (Bd2) (Bd3) suppresses moving of rotor magnetic component (Bz) jointly with attraction force with repulsive force.
The present invention adopts the servomechanism of propeller pitch angle that magnetic force and wind-force directly controls blade shown in Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 c, is actually a kind of moment actuating motor of special use, is called for short motor below, reduces resistance of air again and adopts tray type structure for increasing diameter.The rotor of motor adopts Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, is being fixed with permanent magnet (5) and (6) on the magnetic Yoke (4) down, and Fig. 2 b is the following magnetic Yoke plan view that is fixed with permanent magnet.Last magnetic Yoke (7) is identical with following magnetic Yoke (4) structure, is fixed with permanent magnet (8) and (9) above.Magnetic Yoke alignment is installed up and down, the magnetic direction of all permanent magnets and shaft parallel, leave air gap up and down between the permanent magnet of magnetic Yoke (8) and (5) and (9) and (6) and do relative movement therein for stator coil, the direction of air-gap field and shaft parallel, but the direction in magnetic field, rotating shaft both sides is opposite, shown in Fig. 4 b, Magnetic flux density is wanted evenly in the air gap.Having block (dk) to be used for limiting hard-over on the magnetic Yoke down, there is baffle plate (gd) to be used for rotor and returns 0 detection.The stator of motor adopts iron-less core coil, the layout coil of respective rotor permanent magnet also divides arranged on both sides, one side has main coil (10) and auxiliary winding (11), opposite side has main coil (12) and auxiliary winding (13), the layout of main coil and auxiliary winding is seen Fig. 4 a, main coil (10) is powered by main driving power with (12), and auxiliary winding (11) is powered by auxilliary driving power together with (13).Winding wire in rotor magnet air gap Sweep range is by radial arrangement or to the radial arrangement of same angle tilt, and the winding wire of actual fabrication is arranged can be closeer, and coil also can have a main coil and a plurality of auxiliary winding.Aluminium sheet (14) is arranged in the position that does not have winding wire, it and all coils are fixed in the insulation annular disk (16), insulation annular disk (16) is fixed in the motor housing, if rotor field air gap size and preparation process permission also can be laid aluminium sheet at the full annular dish.In motor housing, also have spacing pin of electromagnetism (15) and optical detection device (gc).Motor housing will be installed in the wind wheel bracket end, and machine shaft will be rigidly connected with blade rotor.After all coils energising, rotor permanent magnet will be parked in the hub of a spool position, and promptly 0, this is that the initial position of blade also is no beat position, if rotor leaves 0 and will be subjected to the moment that stator coil stops its rotation, the moment size strengthens with the angle that leaves.Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 f has 6 performance diagrams, approximate reflection the relation of wind wheel moment and corner when variety of way is moved, β m and-β m are the hard-overs of the spacing pin of electromagnetism (15) restriction, f0 orders about rotor to return 0 moment, changes coil current and can change these moment size and characteristics.
The pivotal position of rotor is detected and is undertaken by optical detection device (gc), two gc are installed in the both sides of the spacing pin of electromagnetism (15), when rotor forward to maximum when allowing angle block (dk) can block the light of one of them optical detection device (gc), by to the detection of two (gc) signals just as can be known blade be to turn to maximum to allow angle over there.One (gc) is installed in the inboard of the spacing pin of electromagnetism (15), when rotor forward to 0 when neighbouring (gd) can block the light of this optical detection device (gc), promptly send back 0 signal.It is the light-passing holes of three (gc) that three holes (gk) are arranged on the stator circle ring disk.The servomechanism of bigger wind energy conversion system can be installed magnetic force pin (17), and magnetic Yoke (7) has pin patchhole (17-1) on rotor, can see Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b locked rotor at 0.
The manufacturing of servomechanism can be with reference to the production technology of desk permanent-magnet motor.
Servomechanism is installed on the wind wheel support (3) by shell, and its rotating shaft is connected with blade (1), and when rotor during in 0 position, blade should be in no beat position.Blade does not have the home position that the beat position refers to blade, is when wind wheel is rotated in the forward under external force when calm, and wind wheel is subjected to resistance of air leaf position hour.When blade adopts common symmetrical airfoil rotating shaft in blade aerodynamic center front side nearby, rotating shaft was in blade aerodynamic center or the place ahead slightly when blade adopted asymmetric airfoil.The center of gravity of blade should can realize by adding counterbalance on the blade rotor center line.
Servomechanism is by micro processor controls, and its main testing signal wind speed round adopts photocell count detection or other digital measuring devices to measure, and this device is installed in the wind wheel rotating shaft; The measuring wind speed instrument is contained in wind energy conversion system top or near the position of wind energy conversion system.The stator coil drive circuit adopts pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control coil electric current, coil driver and microprocessor preferably are installed on the wind wheel, only need feed cable to be connected with ground, but cable connect the cable connecting means of reference levels axle wind energy conversion system blade pitch device with the bars cable.
The major control flow process of microprocessor is set the method for operation according to the tip speed ratio of wind speed round and wind wheel, when wind energy conversion system stops, stator all coils short circuit (if the stator disk complete cycle all is covered with aluminium sheet without short-circuited coil), the spacing pin of electromagnetism is opened and is allowed blade swing with the wind.Main flow process such as Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b are controlled in the operation of wind energy conversion system, are wind energy conversion system promoter flow processs (Cx1), and main coil and auxiliary winding are powered simultaneously, the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 a, and rotor is got back to the central position under the action of a magnetic field.(Cx2) be that wind energy conversion system is with resistance mode promoter flow process; the startup spacing pin of electromagnetism (15) is limited in rotor in the fixing scope and rotates; only give auxiliary winding little electric current energising; the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 b; wind wheel begins to rotate in the resistance mode, treats that tip speed ratio gives main coil little electric current energising again after 0.5, the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 c; there is wind speed to detect sub-process (Cx3) in this stage, unusually then turns to (Cx8) to shut down if find wind-force.Rotating speed rising tip speed ratio is greater than after 1, transferring the lift mode to moves, enter sub-process (Cx4), (Cx4) be variable-pitch variable-speed mode sub-process when hanging down wind speed, operating range is a tip speed ratio from 1 to 4, segmentation is provided with the electric current of main coil and auxiliary winding, when rotating speed is low with little electric current to two coil power supplies, dotted line among the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 d, when rotating speed is high with big electric current to two coil power supplies, solid line among the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 d, the variable-pitch variable-speed mode is temporary transient process when hanging down wind speed.Wind speed round continues to increase makes tip speed ratio then enter sub-process (Cx5) after 4, (Cx5) be the sub-process that wind energy conversion system is starched variable-speed operation surely, strengthen main coil current, the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 e, blade is similar to and decides the oar variable-speed operation only at very little angle swinging; The servomechanism of bigger wind energy conversion system has magnetic force pin (17), realizes the real slurry of deciding at tip speed ratio greater than 5 back starting magnetic force lock rotors, stops simultaneously powering to save electric power to stator coil, and the magnetic force pin only starts when deciding the oar variable-speed operation.When wind speed is higher, wind speed round then enters high wind speed and becomes oar speed governing operation mode (Cx6) when surpassing given rotating speed, control main coil current and even auxiliary winding electric current according to the difference of detected wind speed round and given rotating speed, be higher than given rotating speed and then reduce moment, be lower than given rotating speed and then strengthen moment, the employing closed loop control is controlled at wind speed round near the given rotating speed, the characteristic curve of moment and corner such as Fig. 6 f.Wind speed round along with wind speed and variation meeting switchover operation mode at any time, the main method of operation is to decide the oar speed change and become the oar speed governing.
Microprocessor all detects wind speed, wind speed round, leaf position in real time in all methods of operation, judge, (Cx7) be that major failure detects sub-process, when wind speed surpasses cut-out wind speed or is lower than shutdown wind speed, turn to sub-process (Cx8) to stop, adjust generator load when the upper limit of given rotating speed or blade are frequently put the hard-over of restriction and can not solve and then turn to sub-process (Cx8) to stop when wind speed round continues to rise to.(Cx8) be the parking sub-process, cut off all coils electric current and short-circuited coil (if the stator disk complete cycle all is covered with aluminium sheet without short-circuited coil), open the spacing pin of electromagnetism simultaneously and swing with the wind by blade, wind wheel also will stop the rotation.No matter by that way operation all will be carried out the detection of sub-process (Cx7) often, to protect the wind energy conversion system safe handling.
Each blade is joined a servomechanism, and the propeller pitch angle servomechanism stator main coil of all blades is powered by a driving power, and all stator auxiliary windings are by another driving power power supply.
But the servomechanism any direction is installed, so can be used for tilting the blade of installation, blade can be to the inside or the outside tilt, also angle that can be little tilts to wind wheel tangent to periphery direction, but each blade lean mode must be consistent on the wind wheel, and wind wheel rotating shaft bilateral symmetry blade wants consistent at least.
Claims (7)
1. use the method for magnetic force and wind control vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle, blade rotor (2) is arranged on blade (1), its axis is parallel with the length of blade direction, the mean camber line of the as far as possible close blade (1) in blade rotor (2) position, and near the blade aerodynamic center position or blade pressure center anterior position, the center of gravity of blade (1) is on rotating shaft (2) axis, blade (1) is installed on the wind wheel support by blade rotor (2), rotate (2) around the shaft, it is characterized in that: be connected with rotor part (Bz) in rotating shaft (2) outside, the common rotor of forming, on wind wheel support (3), be connected with stator component (Bd), (Bz) with (Bd) constitute by permanent magnet or electromagnet or hot-wire coil or soft magnetic material, (Bz) directly do not contact with (Bd) and only depend on magnetic interaction, magnetic force makes blade be parked in no beat position when calm, blade rotates to downwind under the wind-force effect when wind, (Bz) with blade (2) rotation around the shaft, and (Bd) stop (Bz) to leave no beat position by magnetic force, its active force increases with the blade rotation angle, blade will turn to wind-force and magnetic balanced position, (Bz) with (Bd) between the size of magnetic force and variation characteristic relevant with between the two relative position or air gap shape and size or magnetic direction or both magnetic induction intensity, the variation by controlling above-mentioned arbitrary parameter or a plurality of parameters is the multiple variation relation between controllable blade rotation angle and wind speed all.
2. according to the described servomechanism that constitutes with the method for magnetic force and wind control vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: stator component (Bd) is an attraction force with the active force of rotor part (Bz); Rotor part (Bz) both sides have stator component (Bd1) with (Bd2), (Bz) be subjected to (Bd1) and (Bd2) repulsive force simultaneously; (Bz) be subjected to (Bd1) and repulsive force (Bd2) and attraction force (Bd3) simultaneously.
3. according to the described servomechanism that constitutes with the method for magnetic force and wind control vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: rotor part (Bz) is made up of one or more magnetic elements, stator component (Bd) also is made up of one or more magnetic elements, the relative blade rotor direction with the combination of (Bd) of parts (Bz) can be radially or axially or around the axle tangent direction, and a plurality of directions are perhaps arranged simultaneously.
4. according to the described slurry elongation servomechanism that constitutes with the method for magnetic force and wind control vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle of claim 1, adopt the disc type electric machine structure, (Bz) and the active force (Bd) produce by the electrified wire in magnetic field, it is characterized in that: the rotor of first kind of structure of servomechanism is installed rotor part in rotating shaft (2) bilateral symmetry, one side is by permanent magnet (5), (8) form, in (5), air gap is arranged (8), the magnetic direction of air gap is axial, opposite side is by permanent magnet (6), (9) form, in (6), (9) promoting the circulation of qi crack between, the magnetic direction of air gap also is axial, but with (5), (8) magnetic direction between is opposite, the servomechanism stator also is made of axisymmetric two stator components, one side is made up of main coil (10) and auxiliary winding (11), opposite side is by main coil (12), auxiliary winding (13) is formed, all coils is all on a plane perpendicular to rotating shaft, on this plane, there is not the part of coil that conductive metal sheet (14) is housed, all coils constitutes stator with (14), stator can move freely in the air gap of rotor permanent magnet, main coil (10) and (12) are by an independently current controller power supply, auxiliary winding (11) and (13) are by another independently current controller power supply, during the stator coil energising, the moment that magnetic force produces is ordered about rotor and is parked in 0, this moment suppresses rotor and leaves 0, when rotor is rotated by external force, required moment size strengthens with corner, sheet metal on the stator carries out damping to the rotation at random of rotor when stopping, stator coil can be made up of a plurality of coils;
Respectively there is a permanent magnet rotor both sides of second kind of structure, the permanent magnet of one side (5) is installed in down on the magnetic Yoke (4c), and between last magnetic Yoke (7c) air gap is arranged, the permanent magnet of opposite side (6) is installed in down on the magnetic Yoke (4c), and between last magnetic Yoke (7c) air gap is arranged, the both sides air-gap magnetic field direction be axially and direction opposite, the stator structure of second kind of structure is identical with the stator structure of first kind of structure;
Respectively there is a permanent magnet rotor both sides of the third structure, the permanent magnet of one side (5d) is close to installation with last magnetic Yoke (7d) and following magnetic Yoke (4d), air gap is between two magnetic Yoke, the permanent magnet of opposite side (6d) is close to installation with last magnetic Yoke (7d) and following magnetic Yoke (4d), air gap is between two magnetic Yoke, the both sides air-gap magnetic field direction be axially and direction opposite, the nonferromagnetic material making is adopted at the middle part of last magnetic Yoke and following magnetic Yoke in case the short circuit of magnetic field, both sides, and the stator structure of the third structure is identical with the stator structure of first kind of structure.
5. according to the described vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle of claim 4 servomechanism, it is characterized in that: the spacing pin of electromagnetism (15) is installed on the servomechanism end cap, block (dk) is installed on the rotor, when normal operation, start pin (15) and prevent that blade rotation from exceeding operating range, when stopping, open pin (15) and allow blade freely swing with the wind; Whether what be equipped with on the end cap that position detecting element (gc) is used for detection rotor returns 0 and whether turn to the maximum functional angle; Magnetic force pin (17) can be installed on end cap rotor is locked in 0 position.
6. there is rotor to return 0 detection and enters hard-over according to claim 4 or the described vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle of claim 5 servomechanism and detect, in the wind wheel rotating shaft, there is the coding counting device to measure wind speed round, at the wind wheel top measuring wind speed is arranged, microprocessor is according to these signals and numerical control servomechanism, it is characterized in that: divide the method for operation with the wind wheel tip speed ratio, make feedback signal and control with reference to wind speed with wind speed round, the major control flow process is:
(Cx1) start wind energy conversion system, main coil and auxiliary winding are powered simultaneously, and rotor is got back to 0 position under the action of a magnetic field;
(Cx2) in operating range, power by the little electric current of auxiliary winding the rotor rotation angle limits for the starting spacing pin of electromagnetism (15), and tip speed ratio is powered with little electric current simultaneously greater than 0.5 back main coil and auxiliary winding;
(Cx4) wind speed round rises to tip speed ratio greater than 1 less than 4 o'clock, presses the rotating speed segmentation simultaneously to main coil and the given control electric current of auxiliary winding, and the little then electric current of rotating speed is little, and rotating speed greatly then electric current is big;
(Cx5) wind speed round rose to tip speed ratio above 4 o'clock, and main coil is powered with maximum current, makes blade only at very little angle swinging, and the servomechanism that magnetic force pin (17) is housed surpasses energising in 5 o'clock at tip speed ratio rotor is locked in 0 position, stops coil power supply;
When (Cx6) high wind speed makes wind speed round surpass given rotating speed, press the given rotating speed closed loop control, reduce coil current when wind speed round is higher than given rotating speed, increase coil current when wind speed round is lower than given rotating speed, can be for the wind-driven generator that adopts power adjustments with reference to above-mentioned control mode;
(Cx7) be to detect sub-process, be included in sub-process (Cx4) in (Cx6), to the effect that:
A) surpass cut-out wind speed or be lower than shutdown wind speed and promptly turn to parking (Cx8);
B) surpass and to adjust generator load on the given rotating speed in limited time and still can not solve and promptly turn to parking (Cx8);
The adjustment generator load still can not solve and turn to parking (Cx8) when c) blade was frequently put hard-over;
D) generator zero load;
(Cx8) open the spacing pin of electromagnetism (15), all coils has a power failure, and short-circuited coil, can start brake simultaneously;
Above tip speed ratio is a reference value, need do suitable correction for the blade of different airfoil profiles, different size, can not gather wind velocity signal for small wind turbine, and rule of thumb data change corresponding flow process over to after going out running state by the wind speed round direct estimation.
According to claim 1 or the described vertical axis windmill propeller pitch angle of claim 4 servo configuration on each blade of wind wheel, it is characterized in that: allow blade with little angle to the inside or the outside tilt to install, or tilt to install to wind wheel tangent to periphery direction with little angle, but each blade lean mode must be consistent on the wind wheel, and wind wheel rotating shaft bilateral symmetry blade wants consistent at least; If all mounting method for blade are the same on the wind wheel, then the propeller pitch angle servomechanism stator main coil of all blades is powered by a driving power, all stator auxiliary windings are by another driving power power supply, if the blade installation mode differs big then needs different driving powers.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010188237 CN102011702B (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2010-05-28 | Mechanism for controlling propeller pitch angle of vertical-axis wind turbine with magnetic force and wind power |
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| CN 201010188237 CN102011702B (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2010-05-28 | Mechanism for controlling propeller pitch angle of vertical-axis wind turbine with magnetic force and wind power |
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| CN102678467A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Variable-pitch vertical-shaft wind turbine |
| WO2014113885A1 (en) * | 2013-01-26 | 2014-07-31 | Equipements Wind Mill Inc. | Wind turbine system |
| CN105059518A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 大连海事大学 | Steering device of underwater vehicle |
| CN106150827A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-23 | 李治中 | Magnetic suspension control becomes oar high efficiency fluid engine |
| CN107856868A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-03-30 | 厦门市汉飞鹰航空科技有限公司 | A kind of designated stopping device of motor |
| CN108391431A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2018-08-10 | 亚马逊技术股份有限公司 | Propeller alignment device |
| CN109476370A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2019-03-15 | 小鹰公司 | Bistable state pitch propeller system with the rotation of one-way spiral paddle |
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| CN109476370A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2019-03-15 | 小鹰公司 | Bistable state pitch propeller system with the rotation of one-way spiral paddle |
| US11702188B2 (en) | 2016-08-01 | 2023-07-18 | Kitty Hawk Corporation | Bistable pitch propeller system with bidirectional propeller rotation |
| CN107856868A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-03-30 | 厦门市汉飞鹰航空科技有限公司 | A kind of designated stopping device of motor |
| CN109931214A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-06-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of flexibility swing type flow guiding type wind wheel machine |
| CN109931214B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2023-11-28 | 东北大学 | Flexible swing type diversion wind turbine |
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