CN101926693A - Multi-channel light stimulation-based cochlear implant device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-channel light stimulation-based cochlear implant device. The device comprises a multi-channel light stimulation device, a multi-channel light pulse control circuit, a voice signal acquisition deice and a voice signal processing and encoding device, wherein the device acquires a voice signal and encodes the voice signal into a light stimulation signal; and the light stimulation signal stimulates cochlear auditory nerve through a cochlea-implanted multi-channel light pulse output port to cause nerve impulse so as to form hearing in a central nervous system. The multi-channel light stimulation-based cochlear implant solves the problem of compatibility of a stimulating electrode and biological tissue in the electronic cochlear implant and also solves the problem of mutual interference between stimulating channels caused by current diffusion in the tissue.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and utilize photostimulation to repair the auditory function technical field, be specifically related to a kind of the utilization and implant the device that i-coch multi-channel laser stimulator recovers auditory function.
Background technology
Because the deafness that disease, medicine or other reasons cause increases year by year, according to the data that Ministry of Public Health is announced, the existing deaf and dumb patient of China reaches 2,700 ten thousand people, and wherein 8,000,000 is severe deafness, and the neonate sickness rate is about 0.6%, annual newly-increased nearly 200,000 people of deaf-mute child.The artificial cochlea is that unique bilateral severe or neural deafness patient of utmost point severe phonosensitive of making that medical circle is generally acknowledged recovers the clinical means of audition.
Artificial cochlea's technology was risen the eighties in last century, had experienced the evolution of single track artificial cochlea to the multiple tracks artificial cochlea, and the clinical practice experience in more than 20 year is arranged.Simultaneously, because the related technical difficulty height of artificial cochlea, technology such as particularly little processing and manufacturing, neural interface, Wicresoft's implantation, and the monopolization of patent, three company's productive manpower cochlea are abroad only arranged at present, the Advanced Bionics company and the Austrian MED-EL company that comprise Australian Cochlear company, the U.S., about ten thousand yuans of product price 20-25.
China artificial cochlea's key technology research starts from the nineties in last century, Fudan University has early begun The Research of Relevant Technology work, successively succeed in developing single-channel pulse formula artificial cochlea and single track continous way artificial cochlea, and developed homemade artificial cochlea's model machine cooperatively and carried out clinical experiment with Lishengte Medical Science ﹠ Tech. Co., Ltd..Units such as Hangzhou Nuorkang Neural Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., acoustics institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have also developed cochlear implant.
The cochlear implant that enters clinical practice at present is based on the implantable nerve electrical stimulation technology, is that current impulse triggers i-coch auditory nerve and causes neural impulse with the speech signal coding that collects, and imports brain auditory nerve maincenter into and then produces audition.Wang Zhengmin has proposed a kind of multiple tracks program-controlled manual cochlea (patent publication No. CN2261828), its principal character is formed by receiving microphone, speech processor, bonder, reception stimulator and electrode bundle, with speech signal coding is that the electrode bundle of electrical stimulation signal through implanting cochlea stimulates i-coch auditory nerve, causes that by electricity irritation neural impulse produces audition at auditory center; Zhou Shuiwen etc. have proposed a kind of Menas for inner planting artificial cochlea (patent publication No. CN1861024), and its principal character forms electrode sequence in the cochlea by 22 platinum rings that are arranged in order, and stimulating current is auditory nerve in electrode acts on cochlea; U.S. Michael A Fa Erdisi has proposed a kind of cochlear stimulation device (patent publication No. CN101001666), and its principal character is electric stimulation pulse directly to be stimulated the auditory nerve of cochlea by being positioned over i-coch electrod-array with a plurality of electrode contacts.
In sum, present artificial cochlea belongs to cochlear implant, generally partly form by mike, speech processor, electric impulse signal generation circuit and the multi-channel electrode that is attached thereto thereof etc., mike becomes current signal to speech conversion and delivers to language processor and carry out voice signal processing and coding, the output of the voice signal control impuls generation circuit behind the coding, stimulating current directly stimulates i-coch auditory nerve through implanting i-coch electrod-array, cause neural impulse, import brain auditory nerve maincenter into and then produce audition.。Cochlear implant stimulating electrode array distribution at the bottom of by snail to the different parts of snail point; Since at the bottom of the snail to high-frequency sound signal sensitivity and the snail point to low-frequency sound signal sensitivity, by near the output of the electrode at the bottom of the snail, and sound low frequency signal coding back is by the electrode output near the snail point with sound high-frequency information coding back for cochlear implant.Though place more stimulating electrode along cochlea in theory frequency resolution is increased, but because the electric current of each electrode output can spread to all directions by i-coch perilymph liquid, the electric current of this diffusion can cause a stimulating electrode to cause near it in a big way auditory nerve excitement, this has hindered the increase of stimulating electrode array density, thereby has limited the raising of the frequency resolution of cochlear implant.In addition, stimulating current flows into biological tissue through electrode, and chemical reaction will take place, and this be to also will influencing the long-lasting of stimulating electrode work, and brings relevant biocompatibility, biological safety problem.
Discover, replace electricity irritation can cause neural excitation equally with photostimulation.Human optical fiber such as the Richter of Northwestern Univ USA replace electrode, and with the auditory nerve fiber in the laser replacement galvanism cochlea of guinea pigs, the result shows that photostimulation has successfully triggered auditory nerve.The distinguishing feature of laser is a good directionality, can only be radiated at the nerve fiber that optical fiber output is faced from the laser of optical fiber output, and can not spread to all directions as electric current in the electricity irritation, therefore the stimulation laser beam of exporting from two adjacent fibers can not produce the interaction as the stimulating current of two adjacent electrodes outputs.Therefore, utilization is placed on i-coch multi-channel laser output device to stimulate the auditory nerve of cochlea diverse location, for the auditory function reparation provides a kind of new technological approaches, it can greatly reduce the interchannel phase mutual interference that may occur when increasing the stimulating electrode number, this provides powerful measure for the frequency resolution that improves the artificial cochlea; Simultaneously,, avoided cochlear implant moderate stimulation electric current to flow into the chemical reaction that cochlear tissue can take place, guaranteed the biocompatibility of laser stimulation output device and cochlear tissue because laser is contactless stimulation to the stimulation of cochlea.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the technical deficiency of existing cochlear implant, a kind of artificial cochlea device based on multi-channel light stimulation is proposed, it is an optical stimulus signal with sound signal encoding, cause neural impulse and then form audition by the multichannel light pulse output end mouth stimulation cochlea auditory nerve of implanting cochlea at nervus centralis, avoid the compatibility difficult problem of cochlear implant moderate stimulation electrode and biological tissue thus, also avoid because electric current spreads the mutual interference of caused interchannel phase in tissue.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of artificial cochlea device based on multi-channel light stimulation, can stimulate the cochlea auditory nerve and cause the auditory nerve excitement, this device comprises: multi-channel light stimulation device, multichannel light pulse control circuit, speech signal collection device, voice signal are handled and code device;
The light pulse output port array that described multi-channel light stimulation device is implantable cochlea, the light pulse output port is positioned at the bottom of the cochlea snail diverse location of snail point, each light pulse output port can independent output optical pulse, stimulates the cochlea auditory nerve of position also to cause the auditory nerve excitement.
Described multichannel light pulse control circuit is the implantable circuit module, this modular circuit can produce the multichannel current signal that equates with the light pulse output port number of above-mentioned multi-channel light stimulation device, a passage produces light pulse in the above-mentioned multi-channel light stimulation device of the current signal drive of each passage, and this light pulse stimulates the cochlea auditory nerve through above-mentioned light pulse output port.
Described voice signal is handled and code device is the modular circuit of processes voice signals, by extracting the time and frequency domain characteristics of voice signal, and these characteristic informations are encoded, its output signal directly or indirectly is transferred to above-mentioned multichannel light pulse control circuit, and the voice signal time and frequency domain characteristics will determine the output mode of the different channel currents of above-mentioned multichannel light pulse control circuit.
Described speech signal collection device is the pick off that is used for acoustical signal is collected and is converted to the signal of telecommunication, and with the signal of telecommunication amplify, the circuit module of Filtering Processing, analog/digital conversion, its output signal of telecommunication end is connected with the input signal end of code device with above-mentioned voice signal processing.
The working method of above-mentioned artificial cochlea device based on multi-channel light stimulation is as follows:
At first, the multi-channel light stimulation device is implanted cochlea, through the optical stimulus signal of light pulse output port output regulation and control is subjected to the electrostimulation pattern of light-struck cochlea auditory nerve, promptly utilizes light pulse to stimulate and makes the cochlea auditory nerve produce neural impulse;
Secondly, the light pulse output of multi-channel light stimulation device is controlled by the time and frequency domain characteristics information of voice signal, the higher speech signal of frequency will make near the output of the light pulse output port at the bottom of cochlea snail optical stimulus signal, causing the impression to the higher sound composition of frequency, and the lower speech signal of frequency will make light pulse output port output optical stimulus signal near cochlea snail point to cause the impression to the lower sound composition of frequency.
The present invention compared with prior art has following technique effect:
(1) light pulse of exporting by the light pulse output port array of implanting cochlea stimulates the cochlea auditory nerve, a light pulse output port is decided by the range of exposures of light pulse to the field stimulation of nervus cochleae, light pulse can not stimulate the outer cochlea auditory nerve of its range of exposures, and it is had than the better spatial resolution of electricity irritation.
(2) light pulse can realize the contactless stimulation to the cochlea auditory nerve, electrode that has occurred when also having avoided electricity irritation cochlea auditory nerve and the chemical reaction between cochlear tissue, this light pulse that this programme is proposed stimulates the cochlea auditory nerve to have better biocompatibility, strengthens the long-lasting of the interior light stimulation device work of cochlea.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 uses the artificial cochlea device sketch map of multichannel cochlea photostimulation;
Wherein: at the bottom of 1-cochlea, 2-cochlea snail point, the 3-cochlea snail, 4-multi-channel light stimulation device, 5-light pulse output port, 6-multichannel light pulse control circuit, the processing of 7-voice signal and code device, 8-speech signal collection device;
Fig. 2 stimulates the artificial cochlea device sketch map of cochlea based on diode laser matrix;
Wherein: 9-mike, 10-voice amplifying circuit, 11-voice signal treatment circuit, 12-22 passage constant-current source circuit, 13-laser diode, 14-bunch of cables.
Fig. 3 stimulates the artificial cochlea device sketch map of cochlea based on the multifiber output optical pulse;
Wherein: 9-mike, 10-voice amplifying circuit, 11-voice signal treatment circuit, 17-22 passage light source generation circuit, 15-fiber-optic output, 16-fibre bundle.
Artificial cochlea's sketch map after Fig. 4 stretches based on multifiber output optical pulse stimulation cochlea
Wherein: 15-fiber-optic output, 16-fibre bundle.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the artificial cochlea device of multichannel cochlea photostimulation involved in the present invention is that multi-channel light stimulation device 4 is implanted cochlea 1, acoustical signal is converted to the appropriate signal of telecommunication through speech signal collection device 8, handle and code device 7 extraction audio signal characteristics information by voice signal, these characteristic informations will be used to regulate the electrical quantity of multichannel light pulse control circuit 6, and then the output parameter of change multi-channel light stimulation device 4 each passage light pulse, light pulse stimulates the auditory nerve of cochlea 1 to cause the excited formation of auditory nerve audition through output port 5, the higher composition of acoustical signal medium frequency will be controlled the light pulse parameter near 3 output port 5 at the bottom of the cochlea snail, and the lower composition of acoustical signal medium frequency will be controlled the light pulse parameter near the output port 5 of cochlea snail point 2, realize that the higher composition of acoustical signal medium frequency causes near 3 auditory nerve excitement at the bottom of the cochlea snail, the composition that frequency is lower causes the auditory nerve excitement near cochlea snail point 2.
One embodiment of the present of invention are a kind of artificial cochlea devices that utilizes diode laser matrix cochlea to be carried out photostimulation as shown in Figure 2.In the present embodiment, the array of 22 laser diode 13 compositions constitutes the light pulse output port of multi-channel light stimulation device, cochlea diverse location at the bottom of will being distributed in from the snail point to snail behind its implantation cochlea, the external sound signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication after mike 9 (promptly as the speech signal collection device) is gathered, after amplifying, voice signal amplifying circuit 10 imports voice signal treatment circuit 11 into, realization is to the A/D conversion of voice signal, the feature extraction of 22 frequency bands and coding, the feature coding information of 22 frequency bands of voice signal treatment circuit 11 outputs will be controlled the electric current output of 22 passage constant-current source circuits 12 respectively, control the light pulse output intensity of laser diodes 13 again through bunch of cables 14 by the constant-current source output current of each passage, and then stimulate the auditory nerve of cochlea diverse location to cause neural impulse, form audition.
An alternative embodiment of the invention such as Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, be a kind of artificial cochlea device that utilizes optical fiber multifiber output optical pulse signal that cochlea is stimulated.In this example, the fibre bundle 16 of 22 optical fiber compositions constitutes the light pulse output port of multi-channel light stimulation devices, cochlea diverse location at the bottom of the output port of different fiber will be distributed in from the snail point to snail behind the implantation cochlea, the external sound signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication after mike 9 (promptly as the speech signal collection device) is gathered, after amplifying, voice signal amplifying circuit 10 imports voice signal treatment circuit 11 into, realization is to the A/D conversion of voice signal, the feature extraction of 22 frequency bands and coding, the feature coding information of 22 frequency bands of voice signal treatment circuit 11 outputs will be controlled the optical signal output of 22 passage light source generation circuit 17 respectively, the light pulse of each passage output is transferred to the diverse location of cochlea through the different fiber outfan 15 of fibre bundle 16, and then the auditory nerve that stimulates the cochlea diverse location causes that neural impulse forms audition, wherein the higher composition of acoustical signal frequency will be controlled near the output of the optical fiber at the bottom of the cochlea snail, and the lower composition of acoustical signal frequency will be controlled the optical fiber output near cochlea snail point.
Claims (3)
1. the artificial cochlea device based on multi-channel light stimulation comprises: the multi-channel light stimulation device of implantable cochlea, multichannel light pulse control circuit, speech signal collection device, voice signal processing and code device; It is characterized in that: the multi-channel light stimulation device of described implantable cochlea is the light pulse output port array of implantable cochlea, light pulse output port by the diverse location that is distributed at the bottom of the cochlea snail snail point is formed each port independence output optical pulse stimulus signal; The light pulse output mode of described each port is controlled by the feature of the voice signal of speech signal collection device collection;
Described multichannel light pulse control circuit adopts the implantable circuit module, produce the multichannel current signal that equates with described multi-channel light stimulation device port number, a passage produces light pulse in the described multi-channel light stimulation device of the current signal drive of each passage, and this light pulse is through described light pulse output port output stimulus signal;
Described voice signal is handled and the output signal of code device directly or indirectly is transferred to described multichannel light pulse control circuit, and the voice signal time and frequency domain characteristics determines the output mode of the different channel currents of described multichannel light pulse control circuit;
The output signal of telecommunication end of described speech signal collection device is handled with described voice signal and is connected with the input signal end of code device.
2. the artificial cochlea device based on multi-channel light stimulation according to claim 1, it is characterized by: described light pulse output port adopts light emitting diode output optical signal, or adopts many fibre bundle output optical signals with optical fiber composition of different outgoing positions.
3. the artificial cochlea device based on multi-channel light stimulation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized by: the optical signal of the light pulse output port of described close cochlea snail point is subjected to the lower Composition Control of acoustical signal medium frequency, and is subjected to the higher Composition Control of acoustical signal medium frequency near the optical signal of the light pulse output port at the bottom of the cochlea snail.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN102283742A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2011-12-21 | 重庆大学 | Light stimulation based retinal prosthesis repairing device and repairing method |
| CN103300941A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-09-18 | 宁波大学 | Light-operated artificial cochlea device |
| CN103356308A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-10-23 | 山东大学 | Array fiber opto-acoustic bionic ear device and signal conversion method |
| CN103405291A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-27 | 重庆大学 | Transmission type multi-channel near-infrared light pulse cochlear nerve stimulation device |
| CN103462731A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 重庆大学 | Light pulse stimulating device for causing mechanical vibration of cochleae |
| CN104582788A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-04-29 | 领先仿生公司 | Connectorized cochlear implant systems and methods |
| CN105407963A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-03-16 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | Optimised channel configuration based on spatial profiles |
| CN107418893A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-12-01 | 东南大学 | Artificial cochlea's electrical stimulation device for neuronal cell cultures system |
| CN107924072A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2018-04-17 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | Multi-channel optical electromechanical stimulates |
| CN108430573A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-21 | 原子能与替代能源委员会 | The implantable devices of optical stimulation for brain |
| CN108883292A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-11-23 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | The stimulation of multichannel light science of heredity and inhibition |
| CN112822589A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 广东美她实业投资有限公司 | Patch type earphone |
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| CN102283742B (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-09-11 | 重庆大学 | Light stimulation based retinal prosthesis repairing device and repairing method |
| CN102283742A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2011-12-21 | 重庆大学 | Light stimulation based retinal prosthesis repairing device and repairing method |
| US9555242B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2017-01-31 | Advanced Bionics Ag | Connectorized cochlear implant systems and methods |
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| CN103300941A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-09-18 | 宁波大学 | Light-operated artificial cochlea device |
| CN103300941B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-05-20 | 宁波大学 | Light-operated artificial cochlea device |
| CN103356308A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-10-23 | 山东大学 | Array fiber opto-acoustic bionic ear device and signal conversion method |
| CN103356308B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-05-20 | 山东大学 | Array fiber opto-acoustic bionic ear device and signal conversion method |
| CN105407963A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-03-16 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | Optimised channel configuration based on spatial profiles |
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| CN103405291B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2016-01-06 | 重庆大学 | Transmission-type multicenter near-infrared pulse nervus cochleae stimulating apparatus |
| CN103405291A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-27 | 重庆大学 | Transmission type multi-channel near-infrared light pulse cochlear nerve stimulation device |
| CN103462731A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 重庆大学 | Light pulse stimulating device for causing mechanical vibration of cochleae |
| CN107924072A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2018-04-17 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | Multi-channel optical electromechanical stimulates |
| CN108430573A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-21 | 原子能与替代能源委员会 | The implantable devices of optical stimulation for brain |
| CN108883292A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-11-23 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | The stimulation of multichannel light science of heredity and inhibition |
| CN108883292B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2020-06-09 | Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 | Multichannel optogenetic stimulation and inhibition |
| CN107418893A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-12-01 | 东南大学 | Artificial cochlea's electrical stimulation device for neuronal cell cultures system |
| CN112822589A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 广东美她实业投资有限公司 | Patch type earphone |
| CN112822589B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-08-25 | 广东美她实业投资有限公司 | Patch type earphone |
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Application publication date: 20101229 |