CN101888542B - Control method for frame level bit-rate of video transcoding and transcoder - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for a frame level bit-rate of a video transcoding and a transcoder. The method comprises the following steps: the transcoder decodes an encoding video data flow; the transcoder acquires frame information in the decoded video data flow and establishes a rate-distortion model according to the frame information; and the transcoders carries out the decoding according to the rate-distortion model. By the invention, an input bit-rate can be correctly controlled and input, and the stationarity of the image quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control method for frame level bit-rate and transcoder of video code conversion.
Background technology
Along with the day by day raising of people's living standard, the demand of the kind of TV programme is accompanied by raising.Concerning digital television provider, operator, how can in limited limit bandwidth scope, provide a greater variety of programs, real is trend of the times.And if TV broadcast signal via satellite, bandwidth is just more urgent, the video code rate compression is especially valuable.
Coded program is carried out Compression, belong to a kind of processing method in the transcoding, be called and fall the code check transcoding.Traditional scheme is that this mode hardware complexity is too high, impracticable with decoder and encoder cascade.Another scheme is to continue to use motion vector and the macro block (mb) type of coded program, only carries out partial decoding of h and part coding.This scheme has saved the modules such as estimation the most consuming time in the Video coding and macro block (mb) type selection, and the modules such as motion compensation in the decoding, greatly reduces computation complexity, is called the fast transcoding algorithm.
Rate Control is the important component part of falling in the code check transcoding, controls bit rate output by the number of coded bits that changes video image, satisfies the requirement of transmission channel.Classical rate control algorithm mainly contains: RM8 H.261 (Reference Model 8), TM5 among the MPEG-2 (Test Model 5), H.263 the TMN8 in (Test Model Near-term8), the VM8 among the MPEG-4 (Verification Model 8) and JM10.1 H.264.These traditional rate control algorithms are to be based upon on the similar basis of video consecutive frame height, calculate with previous frame and obtain secondary model parameter prediction present frame.If occurrence scene switches or changes, this type of secondary model just can not accurately reflect the rate distortion situation of present frame, actual frame level bit number and the target bit that produces will produce very large deviation, and then causes the inaccuracy of Rate Control, can cause the fluctuation of picture quality.
For being difficult to accurately control bit rate output in the correlation technique, and then cause the unsettled problem of picture quality, not yet propose at present effective solution.
Summary of the invention
For being difficult to accurately control bit rate output, and then causing the unsettled problem of picture quality and propose the present invention, for this reason, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of control method for frame level bit-rate and transcoder of video code conversion, to address the above problem.
To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of control method for frame level bit-rate of video code conversion.
Control method for frame level bit-rate according to video code conversion of the present invention comprises: transcoder is decoded to coded video data stream; Transcoder is obtained the frame information in the decoding rear video data flow, and sets up rate-distortion model according to frame information; Transcoder is encoded to described video data stream according to rate-distortion model.
Further, the frame information that transcoder is obtained in the encoded video data stream comprises: the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of source frame, source average quantization level Q0, source frame that transcoder is obtained frame information shared ratio ρ 0 in overall coefficient, set up rate-distortion model according to frame information and comprise: the zero coefficient shared ratio ρ 0 in overall coefficient according to the total bit number T0 of the source frame of frame information, source average quantization level Q0, source frame sets up rate-distortion model.
Further, transcoder is obtained after the average quantization level Q0 of source, and said method also comprises: the source frame is done n quantification, obtain average quantization level Qi; The prediction bit number Ti of the frame when the calculating quantized level is average coded quantization level Qi; Target bit T_frame according to average quantization level Qi and prediction bit number Ti calculating frame; T_frame obtains rate-distortion model according to target bit.
Further, obtaining rate-distortion model according to target bit T_frame comprises: at two points of target bit T_frame two side-draws; Obtain rate-distortion model constant a1 and the a2 of frame according to two points; Obtain rate-distortion model according to rate-distortion model constant a1 and a2.
Further, obtain rate-distortion model by following formula according to rate-distortion model constant a1 and a2: R (q)=a1 * q-1+a2 * q-2, wherein, q represents quantized level or quantizing factor, R (q) represents rate curve.
Further, prediction bit number Ti obtains in the following manner: when the statistical average quantized level is Qi, and the zero coefficient of present frame shared ratio ρ i in overall coefficient; Calculate the ρ territory linear relationship proportionality coefficient θ of frame according to sampled point (ρ i, Qi); Adopt following formula to calculate prediction bit number Ti:Ti=θ (1-ρ i), wherein, 0≤i≤n, i represent the i time in n the quantification, and ρ i is the parameter that calculates after the i time quantification.
Further, proportionality constant θ obtains in the following manner: θ=T0/ (1-ρ 0).
Further, with the decoding average quantization of frame than a (i) as step-length, the source frame is done n quantification, wherein, adopt following formula to obtain average quantization level Qi:Qi=Qi-1+a (i), wherein, 1≤i≤n+1,0≤a (i)≤31, Qi ∈ [1,31].
To achieve these goals, according to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of transcoder.This transcoder comprises: decoder module is used for coded video data stream is decoded; Set up module, be used for obtaining the frame information of decoding rear video data flow, and set up rate-distortion model according to frame information; Coding module is used for encoding according to rate-distortion model.
Further, set up module and also comprise: obtain submodule, be used for obtaining the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of source frame, source average quantization level Q0, source frame of frame information at the shared ratio ρ 0 of overall coefficient; Set up submodule, be used for setting up rate-distortion model according to the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of the source frame of frame information, source average quantization level Q0, source frame at the shared ratio ρ 0 of overall coefficient.
By the present invention, adopt transcoder that coded video data stream is decoded; Transcoder is obtained the frame information in the decoding rear video data flow, and sets up rate-distortion model according to frame information; Transcoder is encoded according to rate-distortion model, has solved to be difficult to accurately control bit rate output, and then has caused the unsettled problem of picture quality, and then reached the effect of accurate control bit rate output.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, consists of the application's a part, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, do not consist of improper restriction of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart according to the control method for frame level bit-rate of the video code conversion of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart according to the control method for frame level bit-rate of the video code conversion of the embodiment of the invention of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the transcoder of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Need to prove, in the situation that do not conflict, embodiment and the feature among the embodiment among the application can make up mutually.Describe below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments the present invention in detail.
According to embodiments of the invention, provide a kind of control method for frame level bit-rate and transcoder of video code conversion.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart according to the control method for frame level bit-rate of the video code conversion of the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the method comprises that following step S102 is to step S106:
Step S102, transcoder is decoded to coded video data stream.
Step S104, transcoder is obtained the frame information in the decoding rear video data flow, and sets up rate-distortion model according to frame information.
The frame information that transcoder is obtained in the coded video data stream can comprise: the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of source frame, source average quantization level Q0, source frame that transcoder is obtained frame information shared ratio ρ 0 in overall coefficient, set up rate-distortion model according to frame information and comprise: the zero coefficient shared ratio ρ 0 in overall coefficient according to the total bit number T0 of the source frame of frame information, source average quantization level Q0, source frame sets up rate-distortion model.
Transcoder is obtained after the average quantization level Q0 of source, and said method can also comprise: the source frame is done n quantification, obtain average quantization level Qi; The prediction bit number Ti of the frame the when quantized level of calculating frame is average coded quantization level Qi; Target bit T_frame according to average quantization level Qi and prediction bit number Ti calculating frame; T_frame obtains rate-distortion model according to target bit, and wherein, the value of n is the integer between [1,31-Q0], preferably, can get 4 or 5.
Obtaining rate-distortion model according to target bit T_frame comprises: at two points of target bit T_frame two side-draws; Obtain rate-distortion model constant a1 and the a2 of frame according to two points; Obtain rate-distortion model according to rate-distortion model constant a1 and a2.
Step S106, transcoder is encoded according to rate-distortion model.
Quantize to obtain the present frame sampled point n time by S102 and S104, carry out the parameter conversion according to the ρ domain model again, thereby only set up Quadratic Rate Distortion Model according to the information of present frame, avoided with processed frame prediction present frame in the distribution error that scene is switched or image change produces when violent, so when guaranteeing the S106 coding the accurate control of bit rate output and picture quality steadily.
By above-mentioned method, can control exactly bit rate output.
In the rate control algorithm in ρ territory, ρ represents that the number of zero coefficient after the quantization of transform coefficients accounts for the percentage of all coefficients.A large amount of experiments and theoretical proof: for vision signal, ρ and texture part coding bit rate are linear.At list of references He Z, Kim Y K, Mitts S K.Low-delay rate control for DCT video coding via p-domain8ource modeling[J] .IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.2001,11 (8): the rate control algorithm in 928-940. ρ territory has shown fabulous performance in H.263.By obtaining the distribution of conversion coefficient, can get the one-to-one relationship of ρ and quantization parameter.Therefore, take ρ as intermediary, can determine uniquely quantization parameter by target bit rate.
At image compression international standard JPEG, MPEG2, H.263 with MPEG4 in, there are linear relationship in bit rate and ρ, and availablely represent with Linear Model with Side:
R (ρ)=θ (1-ρ) formula (1)
Wherein, R is bit rate, and θ is the slope constant.
In the harmonic motion video sequence coding, because degree of correlation is higher between the consecutive frame, coded frame rate distortion R-D (Rate-Distortion) relation can be used to predict the characteristic of frame to be encoded.Its R-D analyzes and is based upon on following two hypothesis bases:
A. adjacent frame of video height is similar, and same code check-rate distortion curve is arranged.
B. rate curve R (q) can represent with quadratic equation approx:
R (q)=a1 * q-1+a2 * q-2 formula (2)
Wherein, q represents quantized level or quantizing factor.
Rate Control of the present invention is also based on secondary model (rate-distortion model).
Fig. 2 is the flow chart according to the control method for frame level bit-rate of the video code conversion of the embodiment of the invention of the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the method can comprise:
Partial decoding of h: for example, the decoding of correct data and DCT data.Data are continued to use the information that encoding stream carries, and DCT data solution is to transform domain.
Preliminary treatment: obtain the present frame sampled point, be used for model and calculate.
Parameter conversion: sampled point is converted to the data mode that is easy to model calculating.
Model calculates: calculate frame level coded quantization level Qp according to T_frame.
Bit Allocation in Discrete: the part of rate control algorithm.Texture object bit number T_frame according to bit rate output and complexity calculating present frame.
Part coding: the coding of a data and DCT data.Use new coded quantization level Qp.
State upgrades: the part of rate control algorithm.Upgrade virtual buffering region according to the actual coding bit number, upgrade the Rate Control parameter state.
Below introduce in detail the conversion of preliminary treatment, parameter, model calculates three parts.
Preliminary treatment: add up current processed frame information, data acquisition.
Current processed frame information comprises: the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of source frame, source average quantization level Q0, source frame shared ratio ρ 0 in overall coefficient.
Data acquisition: the source frame is done n quantification.The numerical value of n is relevant with image type.Setting the I frame in the example gets 5, P frame and gets 4, B frame and get 3.The quantized level Qi=Qi-1+a (i) that quantize to use for the i time, 1≤i≤n+1 wherein, 0≤a (i)≤31 if Qi exceeds the scope of [1,31], is limited in Qi [1,31].When the statistical average quantized level is Qi, the zero coefficient of present frame shared ratio ρ i in overall coefficient.By n quantification, obtain n+1 sampled point (ρ i, Qi), wherein, i represents the i time in n the quantification, ρ i is the parameter that calculates after the i time quantification.
Parameter conversion: can be obtained θ=T0/ (1-ρ 0) by formula 1.According to the linear relationship in ρ territory, for same frame, the θ value is changeless.That is to say, there is identical linear relationship equally in (Ti, Qi).Like this, calculate n time the bit number Ti that predicts in the time of can obtaining coded quantization level Qi, wherein 0≤i≤n.So just obtained the sampled point (Ti, Qi) of n+1 model of current processed frame.
Model calculates: the Bit Allocation in Discrete module calculates the target bit T_frame of processed frame.Select size to be positioned at two adjacent points of T_frame both sides in sampled point, left-hand point Ti, right-hand point Ti+1 are as the model calculation level of present frame.If T＜Tn does not have right-hand point, use left-hand point T0 and Tn as the model calculation level.If T＞T0 does not need Renewal model, only need that coded quantization level Q is made as Q0 and get final product.If T≤T0 is put into 2 li of formula with model calculation level (Ti, Qi), (Ti+1, Qi+1) (perhaps (T0, Q0), (Tn, Qn)).This moment, 2 li of formula had two known variables a1 and a2, calculated model parameter a1 and a2.Again frame level target bit T_frame is put in the formula 2, obtains T=a1 * q-1+a2 * q-2.This be one about the quadratic equation of q, according to radical formula, can obtain q1 and q2.The scope of actual effectively quantized level Q is between [Q0,31].Remove undesirable q, if q1 and q2 do not meet the demands, use the quantized level Qi+1 of sampled data right-hand point as the QP of coding use.
In the control method for frame level bit-rate, obtain the bit rate control method of the secondary rate distortion parameter of curve of current processed frame with the information of current processed frame in video code conversion according to the present invention, its feature may further comprise the steps:
Step S301 adds up current processed frame information, the zero coefficient that comprises source frame texture bit number T0, source average quantization level Q0, source frame shared ratio ρ 0 in overall coefficient.
Step S302 does n quantification to the source frame, uses average quantization level Qi.For example, take current processed frame decoding average quantization ratio as base value, increase progressively acquisition Qi with step-length a (i).
Qi=Qi-1+a (i), 1≤i≤n+1 wherein, 0≤a (i)≤31, Qi ∈ [1,31].
Step S303, the statistic quantification level is average quantization level when being Qi, the zero coefficient of present frame shared ratio ρ i in overall coefficient.
Step S304 obtains n+1 the sampled point (ρ i, Qi) of present frame.
Step S305 calculates current processed frame ρ territory linear relationship proportionality coefficient θ.For example, can obtain proportionality coefficient θ according to the source frame information by following formula:
θ＝T0/(1-ρ0)。
Step S306, the prediction bit number Ti of the current processed frame that predicts when calculating the average coded quantization level Qi of present frame.For example, according to the homogeneity of ρ territory proportionality coefficient, according to the prediction bit number Ti that calculates current processed frame by the statistical information that repeatedly quantizes to obtain:
Ti＝θ(1-ρi)，0≤i≤n。
Step S307 according to the ρ domain model, obtains the transition form (Ti, Qi) of a present frame n+1 sampled point.
Step S308, calculate the target bit T_frame of current processed frame according to the Bit Allocation in Discrete module, select size to be positioned at two the most adjacent points of T_frame both sides in current processed frame sampled point, left-hand point Ti, right-hand point Ti+1 are as two calculation levels of model.
Step S309 is obtained secondary model parameter a1 and the a2 of current processed frame by two calculation levels.
For example, current processed frame secondary model parameter can obtain according to following formula:
R(q)＝a1×q-1+a2×q-2
Obtain a1 and a2 by two calculation levels (Ti, Qi) and (Ti+1, Qi+1).
For example, can calculate by the following method a1 and a2:
With (Ti, Qi) and (Ti+1, Qi+1) substitution equation:
R(q)＝a1×q-1+a2×q-2，
Obtain: Ti=a1 * Qi-1+a2 * Qi-2;
Ti+1＝a1×Qi+1-1+a2×Qi+1-2，
Wherein, only have a1 and two unknown numbers of a2 in above-mentioned two equations, thereby can calculate a1 and a2.
Step S310 calculates frame level quantized level QP by current processed frame frame level target bit T_frame.
Preferably, in this step, calculate QP by current processed frame secondary model, wherein:
T_frame＝a1×q-1+a2×q-2。
Wherein, the scope of QP is between [Q0,31].If the QP that above-mentioned equation without solution, uses the quantized level Qi+1 of current processed frame right-hand point to use as coding.
As can be seen from the above description, the present invention has realized following technique effect:
The present invention can utilize distinctive coded message in the fast transcoding, obtain the present frame sampled point by pretreatment module, carry out the parameter conversion according to the ρ domain model again, thereby only set up Quadratic Rate Distortion Model according to the information of present frame, solved with processed frame prediction present frame in the distribution error that scene is switched or image change produces when violent, so guarantee the accurate control of bit rate output and picture quality steadily.
The present invention is based on Quadratic Rate Distortion Model, utilize distinctive coded message in the fast transcoding, obtain model parameter according to present frame, can obtain exactly the present frame target bit, eliminated the predicated error of bringing when scene is switched, Rate Control is more accurate.
Need to prove, can in the computer system such as one group of computer executable instructions, carry out in the step shown in the flow chart of accompanying drawing, and, although there is shown logical order in flow process, but in some cases, can carry out step shown or that describe with the order that is different from herein.
As shown in Figure 3, this transcoder comprises: decoder module 301, set up module 303 and coding module 305.
Wherein, decoder module 301 is used for coded video data stream is decoded; Set up the frame information that module 303 is used for obtaining decoding rear video data flow, and set up rate-distortion model according to frame information; Coding module 305 is used for encoding according to rate-distortion model.
Wherein, setting up module 303 can also comprise: obtain the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of source frame, source average quantization level Q0 that submodule is used for obtaining frame information, source frame at the shared ratio ρ 0 of overall coefficient; Setting up submodule is used for setting up rate-distortion model according to the zero coefficient of the total bit number T0 of the source frame of frame information, source average quantization level Q0, source frame at the shared ratio ρ 0 of overall coefficient.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned each module of the present invention or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on the single calculation element, perhaps be distributed on the network that a plurality of calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in the storage device and be carried out by calculation element, perhaps they are made into respectively each integrated circuit modules, perhaps a plurality of modules in them or step are made into the single integrated circuit module and realize.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the control method for frame level bit-rate of a video code conversion is characterized in that, comprising:
Transcoder is decoded to coded video data stream;
Described transcoder is obtained the frame information in the decoding rear video data flow, and sets up rate-distortion model according to described frame information;
Described transcoder is encoded to described video data stream according to described rate-distortion model,
Wherein, the frame information that obtains in the decoding rear video data flow of described transcoder comprises:
Described transcoder is obtained the total bit number T of source frame of described frame information
0, source average quantization level Q
0, the source frame zero coefficient shared ratio ρ in overall coefficient
0, set up rate-distortion model according to described frame information and comprise:
According to the total bit number T of described source frame
0, described source average quantization level Q
0, described source frame zero coefficient shared ratio ρ in overall coefficient
0Set up described rate-distortion model, wherein:
The source frame is done n quantification, obtain average quantization level Qi;
The prediction bit number Ti of the described frame when the calculating quantized level is described average coded quantization level Qi;
Calculate the target bit T_frame of described frame according to described average quantization level Qi and described prediction bit number Ti;
Obtain described rate-distortion model according to described target bit T_frame, wherein, described prediction bit number Ti obtains in the following manner:
When the statistical average quantized level is Qi, the zero coefficient of present frame shared ratio ρ i in overall coefficient;
Calculate the ρ territory linear relationship proportionality coefficient θ of described frame according to sampled point (ρ i, Qi);
Adopt following formula to calculate described prediction bit number Ti:
Ti=θ (1-ρ i), wherein, 0≤i≤n, described i represent the i time in n the quantification.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, obtains described rate-distortion model according to described target bit T_frame and comprises:
At two points of described target bit T_frame two side-draws;
Obtain rate-distortion model constant a1 and the a2 of described frame according to described two points;
Obtain described rate-distortion model according to described rate-distortion model constant a1 and a2.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, obtains described rate-distortion model by following formula according to described rate-distortion model constant a1 and a2:
R(q)＝a1×q
-1+a2×q
-2
Wherein, described q represents quantized level or quantizing factor, and described R (q) represents rate curve.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described proportionality coefficient θ obtains in the following manner:
θ＝T0/(1-ρ0)。
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, with the decoding average quantization of described frame than a (i) as step-length, described source frame is done n quantification, wherein, adopt following formula to obtain described average quantization level Qi:
Qi＝Q
i-1+a(i)
Wherein, during 1≤i≤n+1,0≤a (i)≤31, Qi ∈ [1,31], described i represent to quantize for n time the i time.
6. a transcoder is characterized in that, comprising:
Decoder module is used for coded video data stream is decoded;
Set up module, be used for obtaining the frame information of decoding rear video data flow, and set up rate-distortion model according to described frame information;
Coding module is used for according to described rate-distortion model described video data stream being encoded,
Wherein, the described module of setting up also comprises:
Obtain submodule, be used for obtaining the total bit number T of source frame of described frame information
0, source average quantization level Q
0, the source frame zero coefficient shared ratio ρ in overall coefficient
0
Set up submodule, be used for according to the total bit number T of the source frame of described frame information
0, described source average quantization level Q
0, described source frame zero coefficient shared ratio ρ in overall coefficient
0Set up described rate-distortion model,
Wherein, described transcoder also is used for carrying out following steps:
The source frame is done n quantification, obtain average quantization level Qi;
The prediction bit number Ti of the described frame when the calculating quantized level is described average coded quantization level Qi;
Calculate the target bit T_frame of described frame according to described average quantization level Qi and described prediction bit number Ti;
Obtain described rate-distortion model according to described target bit T_frame,
Wherein, described prediction bit number Ti obtains in the following manner:
When the statistical average quantized level is Qi, the zero coefficient of present frame shared ratio ρ i in overall coefficient;
Calculate the ρ territory linear relationship proportionality coefficient θ of described frame according to sampled point (ρ i, Qi);
Adopt following formula to calculate described prediction bit number Ti:
Ti=θ (1-ρ i), wherein, 0≤i≤n, described i represent the i time in n the quantification.
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| CN104581169A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 乐视网信息技术（北京）股份有限公司 | Grading transcoding method and device |
| WO2018132964A1 (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for transmitting coded data, computer system, and mobile device |
| CN107454412B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2020-03-06 | 合肥美菱物联科技有限公司 | Video image processing method, device and system |
| CN109660825B (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2021-02-09 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Video transcoding method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112119635B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-06-17 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Code stream processing method, equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110545418B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-09-24 | 杭州当虹科技股份有限公司 | Self-adaptive video coding method based on scene |
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