CN101854361A - Next-generation internet protocol header compression method based on internet of things - Google Patents

Next-generation internet protocol header compression method based on internet of things Download PDF

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CN101854361A
CN101854361A CN 201010179676 CN201010179676A CN101854361A CN 101854361 A CN101854361 A CN 101854361A CN 201010179676 CN201010179676 CN 201010179676 CN 201010179676 A CN201010179676 A CN 201010179676A CN 101854361 A CN101854361 A CN 101854361A
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CN101854361B (en
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王汝传
孙凯
黄海平
孙力娟
沙超
肖甫
叶宁
凡高娟
黄小桑
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention relates to a next-generation internet protocol header compression method based on an internet of things, which analyzes and learns a frame structural form that the data link layer of the internet of things adopts and designs header compression algorithm in a sensor network which adopts an IPv6 protocol as the main communication protocol, for the characteristics of limited energy and diversified data of the internet of things; the algorithm introduces a concept, i.e. a control domain so as to compress some fields in a traditional header format, simultaneously considers the characteristic of rich data types of the internet of things, well weighs the two contradictory factors, i.e. guarantee and limited energy of QoS, and lays good foundation for the connection of the internet of things and the next generation of internet.

Description

A kind of Next Generation Internet protocol header compression method based on Internet of Things
Technical field
The present invention is used for one of interconnected key technology of Internet of Things and Internet of future generation (internet), Next Generation Internet agreement, i.e. ipv6 header compression.Mainly solve and adopt the header format of simplifying IPv6 to carry out communication between the node in the Internet of Things how, belong to the crossing domain of Internet of Things and internet communication protocol configuration.
Background technology
In China's " information industry development in science and technology Eleventh Five-Year Plan plan and the year two thousand twenty medium-term and long-term plans (outline) " " Intelligent Information Processing and thing and thing communication network technology " is defined as one of 11 major technique fields, Networks and Communications field, and it is defined as the core technology that China needs key breakthrough, its developing goal comprise " pay attention to the research and development of things such as radio-frequency (RF) tag, sensor network and thing communication network technology; the core technology and the product of formation independent intellectual property right, make perfect industrial chain; Promote radio-frequency (RF) identification, sensor network technique application in the whole society, forms large quantities of exemplary applications that demonstration effect is arranged, the network application shared for ubiquitous, people and thing lays the foundation ".In brief, to greatly develop the Internet of Things cause exactly, it is really promoted the well-being of mankind.The definition of Internet of Things is: by information sensing equipment such as radio-frequency (RF) identification, infrared inductor, global positioning system, laser scanners, agreement by agreement, any article and Internet connection are got up, carry out information exchange and communication, to realize a kind of network of intelligent identification, location, tracking, monitoring and management.The notion of Internet of Things proposed in 1999.Internet of Things is exactly " the Internet that the thing thing links to each other ".This has the two-layer meaning: the first, and the core and the basis of Internet of Things remain the Internet, are the extension on the basis, the Internet and the network of expansion; The second, its user side extends and has expanded between any article and the article, carries out information exchange and communication.Be accompanied by making rapid progress and the develop rapidly of embedded computing technique and sensor technology and increasingly mature of science and technology, Internet of Things obtains and treatment technology as a kind of brand-new information, its monitoring emphasis is transferred to audio frequency, video, big data quantities such as image, the collection of large information capacity and processing.Because increasingly sophisticated and changeable along with monitoring of environmental, traditional wireless sensor network is owing to can only survey aspects such as simple environment data such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, these single data obviously can not satisfy the comprehensive demand of people to environmental monitoring, only add more directly perceived and concrete image, audio frequency, the information of video could realize fine granularity, the precisely environmental monitoring of information.In addition along with the Highgrade integration that is embedded in the senser element above the node, cheap such as the CMOS camera, mini microphone nowadays can both be easy to be integrated into above the sensor node easily, add that process chip and communication chip on the node are day by day powerful, hardware aspect has had the ability to handle and transmitting multimedia data fully, for some senior application provide hardware guarantee, Internet of Things arises at the historic moment thus.
After RFC791 issued in 1981, any substantial variation did not just take place in the IP agreement (IPv4) of current version.Facts have proved that IPv4 is healthy and strong, be easy to realize, and have good interoperability.Itself has also withstood the internet from the small-sized test that develops into this global scale today.These all are affirming IPv4 agreement initial designs.
Yet the problem that IPv4 develops into today also has some can not be ignored comes out gradually:
(1) address space is about to exhaust.Although the IPv4 agreement can be held 2 32 powers promptly 4294 at most, 967,296 addresses, but the speed that everybody does not reckon with internet development is unexpectedly so rapidly, adds in the early time with present IP address assignment criterion the public ip address numerical limitations to having only millions of.In addition, along with the equipment that inserts Internet and the number of application program increase day by day, must cause finally exhausting of IPv4 address space, Internet of Things for example, along with day by day popularizing of large-scale application, must need to realize the internetworking intercommunication, this satisfies the address of node demand with regard to requiring bigger address space.
(2) easy configuration needs.A lot of related protocols all needs the own manual configuration of user in IPv4, Neighbor Discovery Protocol for example, and this collocation method is more suitable for the less network of scale.Along with the increasing computer and the network equipment use the IP agreement, we are a kind of easier and reliable address configuration mode of exigence more.
(3) real application oriented technical support.Diversity along with data in the network, incident required service is numerous and complicated also, although existing QoS standard among the IPv4, but still all depend on type of service field in the agreement for the real time data present stage that needs instantaneous transmission, and message identification, and this message identification uses UDP or tcp port usually, and the type of service field function of IPv4 is very limited, when after after a while, will be redefined.
In order to address the above problem, the IETF group development new agreement and the standard of one cover, i.e. IPv6, it has comprised numerous advantages of IPv4 agreement in the past, has added the new thought of more practicalities simultaneously again.But because it is that its header comprises 40 bytes, must carry out cutting and optimization to it so want to be applied in the Internet of Things at the agreement of Internet exploitation.As the object of giving priority to of next generation communication agreement, IPv6 has the incomparable advantage of various IPv4, and certain this advantage also day by day obtains Internet of Things researcher's attention.Because progress along with science and technology, popularizing of network, variation has also taken place in traditional the sort of data-centered wireless sensor network research thinking gradually, the large-scale application of sensor network after all, such as Smart Home, medical treatment and nursing, the train location of road and rail, sow or the like by aircraft or the large-area node of shell in the military affairs, these common scenes not only need us to pay close attention to sensor node in application process to feed back to our data, in the information requirements for node itself, aspects such as Network Management also progressively improve.IPv6 is as the core of Next Generation Internet communication protocol, and advantage such as have that address space is abundant, node address configuration automatically, mobility and self-organization are good, these advantages exactly can satisfy Internet of Things in the address with the demand above managing.IP network and Internet of Things merge mutually, utilize the intrinsic advantage of each automatic network, Internet of Things provides physical equipment and media access control mechanism, IP network provides the core protocol of TCP/IPv6, like this, both combinations just form a kind of, communication decoupling zero pattern of point-to-multipoint point-to-point based on the address and end-to-end service decoupling zero pattern, and functions such as collection communication, control, sensing are the new network of one, remove to satisfy the application scenarios of wider scope and requirements at the higher level.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to design a kind of ipv6 header compression method that is applicable to Internet of Things, should embody the incomparable advantage of IPv6 agreement, take into account some characteristics and the limitation of sensor network again, being improved at the IP communication protocol of the Internet design, it can be applied in above the Internet of Things flexibly, thereby realize between traditional the Internet internetwork communication more easily.
Technical scheme: groundwork of the present invention is exactly to design a kind of header that is applicable to Internet of Things, use for reference the header format of the communication protocol IPv6 of Next Generation Internet, after analyzing the pluses and minuses of this header format, it is simplified and optimizes, by the form of further investigation Internet of Things data link layer frame structure, introduced this notion of control domain and be implemented in this imagination of employing ipv6 header form in the Internet of Things.And then lay a good foundation for later internetworking.
This method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1). the first place of initialization control domain: judge Next Generation Internet agreement (Internet Protocol version6, IPv6) type of packet, because the data type in the Internet of Things is a lot, in order to simplify the flow process of whole algorithm, the data that occur in the network roughly can be divided into two classes, if traditional scalar data, then first of control domain BIT0 is changed to 0; If image, video, multi-medium data, BIT0 is changed to 1;
Step 2). second of initialization control domain: judge the type of IPv6 packet, sensor network has two kinds of service modes, a kind ofly is based on event driven service mode, and another kind is based on the service mode of query driven; First kind of pattern is that the unusual warning message that produces appears in zone detected in network, the data of this type are to service quality (Quality of Service, QoS) requirement is very high, the terminal of delivering to that needs zero defect immediately, when judging the IPv6 packet for the data of this type, control domain second (BIT1) is changed to 1; Other are changed to 0;
Step 3). the 3rd and the 4th of initialization control domain: the particular type according to upper-layer protocol comes second of initialization (BIT2) and the 3rd (BIT3), not compression of 00 expression, be that they can appear at upper-layer protocol data cell the inside, the payload field of 01 expression header the inside is ICMP (InternetControl Message Protocol, ICMP) message, the payload field of 10 expression header the insides is UDP messages, and 11 temporarily keep for Transmission Control Protocol;
Step 4). read the jumping figure restriction: (HL) HopLimit;
Step 5). process source address prefix: analyze the source address prefix of original ipv6 header, if then address compression prefix identical with the address prefix of next jumping; If different, then duplicate address prefix inequality with the address prefix of next jumping;
Step 6). process source address subnet address:, then compress the subnet address if the subnet address in the middle of the source address is the sign of node; If the subnet address in the middle of the source address is not a node identification, then duplicate subnet address inequality;
Step 7). processing intent address prefix:, then compress the destination address prefix if the prefix of destination address is identical with the next hop address prefix; If destination address prefix and next hop address prefix are inequality, then duplicate address prefix inequality;
Step 8). the subnet address of processing intent address: if the subnet address of destination address is a node identification, then compress the subnet address, otherwise, duplicate subnet address inequality.
Beneficial effect: because the sensor network resource-constrained, just become cardinal task so pare down expenses, further consider, when certain architecture of network using, node transmits the energy that each bit information consumes, may be to handle 1,000 times of this information, this just forces us to arrive Information Compression waiting for transmission the simplest, in Internet of Things, have a large amount of images and video in addition, its amount of information is than big many of traditional sensors network, except will adopting suitable image and video compression algorithm, compression work to header also seems particularly important, and in the work that the 6LoWPAN adaptation layer will be finished, header-compressed is the basis of all working, be the key of saving energy, will introduce the ipv6 header compression algorithm among the present invention below at Internet of Things.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the internet of things system structure figure of IPv6,
Fig. 2 is a header control domain format chart,
Fig. 3 is a header compression algorithm flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
One, architecture
Though IPv6 has various advantages, because it is not have at the protocol stack of Internet institute research and design
Some limitation of considering Internet of Things self are arranged, such as the restriction of bandwidth, energy limited, the function of processor is not powerful or the like, must carry out certain modification to it so these two kinds of networks want real merging,
So we are in design during based on the Internet of Things of IPv6, must consider comprehensively, should embody the incomparable advantage of IPv6 agreement, take into account some characteristics and the limitation of sensor network again, the architecture Design of node wants to satisfy that cost is low, power consumption is little, be convenient to aspect characteristic such as networking, comprehensive above some we design roughly architecture as shown in Figure 1.
Physical layer has defined the interface between physical radio channel and the media access control sublayer, and physical layer data service and physical layer management service are provided, to guarantee normally the transceive data database relevant with maintenance from the physical channel.We still adopt the framework of traditional sensors network, adopt the modulation system of OQPSK, and frequency range is 2.4G.
The data link layer aspect, our hypothesis is a standard with the access control of IEEE 802.15.4 medium, the adaptive MAC agreement of the competition window that adopts last chapters and sections to mention, provide the service of two kinds of necessity: service of MAC layer data and the service of MAC layer-management, the former guarantees the correct transmitting-receiving of Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit in the physical layer data service, and the latter safeguards the database of a store M AC sublayer protocol status relevant information.
The 6LoWPAN adaptation layer is a completely new concept, it is a standard that proposes IETF and in November, 2004, groundwork is to be devoted to how IPv6 and 802.15.4 to be combined, realize the transmission of IPv6 packet on 802.15.4, and the main purpose of adaptation layer and the work meeting done below a joint be described in detail.
Network layer is made up of with some relevant agreements the miniature protocol stack of IPv6, and the groundwork of miniature protocol stack is encapsulation and the parsing of being responsible for the IPv6 data, realizes communicating by letter end to end with existing ICP/IP protocol system network.The agreement of network layer is numerous, and the most basic function of IPv6 basic agreement stack core protocol comprises that IPv6 describes the automatic configuration protocol of agreement, ND (neighbours' discovery) agreement, ICMPv6 (internet control message) agreement and IPv6 address etc. substantially.
The notion ratio of application layer is easier to understand, and the set of various application programs is provided for Internet of Things exactly, the network enabled management, and data query and service discovery etc. are realized the interface of a terminal on the whole, to reach the interactive operation with administrative staff.
Two, method flow
At first, we notice that IEEE 802.15.4MAC frame structure has adopted the method for utilizing control domain to determine concrete frame format, are similar to a kind of adaptive structure, thereby needn't all adopt the worst possible situation by each frame.Adopt a kind of like this mode just can effectively shorten the size of most of mac frame in the actual transmissions, reduced the energy that transmit frame consumed.Similarly thought is equally applicable to the header-compressed of IPv6.
Secondly, in the ordinary course of things, the version of IPv6 header, communication stream classification and flow label field all are normal
Number, and the value of this field of payload length is to calculate by the length field in the mac frame, simultaneously according to the characteristics of Internet of Things, upper-layer protocol we adopt several simple protocol types to get final product, as UDP,
Therefore ICMP etc. also can compress other fields except address field.Introduce this thought of control domain according to the mode of mac frame structure, behind the control domain other other fields of ipv6 header that do not have compression, 8 of bytes of control domain have been represented the different state of each field respectively, and as shown in Figure 2, the meaning of each representative is not quite similar in the middle of the control domain.
(1) bit0 represents the communication stream classification, and the data that 0 expression is transmitted are general types, and the data that 1 expression is transmitted are multimedia types;
(2) bit1 represents the numerical value of stream label, and the data that 0 expression is transmitted do not have demand to QoS, and the data that 1 expression is transmitted have requirement to QoS;
(3) bit2-3 represents the state of next header, not compression of 00 expression, and promptly they can appear at upper-layer protocol data cell the inside, and the payload field of 01 expression header the inside is an icmp packet,
The payload field of (4) 10 expression header the insides is UDP messages, and 11 temporarily keep for Transmission Control Protocol, though the characteristics of sensor network have determined TCP and inapplicable, but keeps for TCP;
(5) bit4-5 represents the address of source node, 00 presentation address is compression not, to comprise complete source address in the message, 01 expression band IPv6 address prefix, belt net address not, IPv6 address prefix, belt net address are not with in 10 expressions, 11 expressions do not have source address, and directly IPv6 address information and the mac-layer address from recipient node obtains; Bit6-7 represents the address of destination node, 00 presentation address is compression not, to comprise complete source address in the message, 01 expression band IPv6 address prefix, belt net address not, IPv6 address prefix, belt net address are not with in 10 expressions, 11 expressions do not have source address, and directly IPv6 address information and the mac-layer address from receiving node obtains.
After having introduced control domain, again header compression algorithm of the present invention is done further to discuss.Control domain preceding 4 we be readily appreciated that their functions separately, difficult point is back 4 value, we compress address prefix under which kind of situation, we compress the subnet address again under which kind of situation, this is the difficult point that we will solve, if destination address and source address be not in same subnet simultaneously, when promptly address prefix was inequality, we just can't be right like this
It compresses, but in the practical application of the Internet, even given prefix length and address size are inequality, part address still might be compressed, here we need introduce an extra byte and realize, it or not the IPv6 message control domain back that simply prefix addresses is copied to compression, but with high 4 IPv6 address prefix byte numbers inequality of indicating address and receiving node of extra byte, low 4 then can be used in the compression process of subnet address, do not need to introduce extra byte again, thereby save the energy that transmission is consumed to greatest extent.
Workflow:
The first place of step 1) initialization control domain.Judge the type of IPv6 packet, because the data type in the Internet of Things is a lot, but in order to simplify the flow process of whole algorithm, we just suppose that the data that occur in the network roughly can be divided into two classes, if traditional scalar data, for example temperature, humidity etc., then the BIT0 of control domain is changed to 0; If multi-medium datas such as image, videos, BIT0 is changed to 1.
Step 2) second of the initialization control domain.Judge the type of IPv6 packet, sensor network has two kinds of service modes, a kind ofly is based on event driven service mode, and another kind is based on the service mode of query driven.First kind of pattern often in network detected zone the unusual warning message that produces appears, the data of this type are very high to the requirement of QoS, the terminal of delivering to that needs zero defect immediately, when judging the IPv6 packet for the data of this type, control domain BIT1 is changed to 1; Other are changed to 0.
The 3rd and the 4th of step 3) initialization control domain.Particular type according to upper-layer protocol comes initialization BIT2 and BIT3, not compression of 00 expression, be that they can appear at upper-layer protocol data cell the inside, the payload field of 01 expression header the inside is an icmp packet, the payload field of 10 expression header the insides is UDP messages, and 11 temporarily keep for Transmission Control Protocol.
Step 4) reads the jumping figure restriction.
Step 5) process source address prefix.Analyze the source address prefix of original ipv6 header, if then address compression prefix identical with the address prefix of next jumping; If different, then duplicate address prefix inequality with the address prefix of next jumping.
Step 6) process source address subnet address.If the subnet address in the middle of the source address is the sign of node, then compress the subnet address; If the subnet address in the middle of the source address is not a node identification, then duplicate subnet address inequality.
Step 7) processing intent address prefix.If the prefix of destination address is identical with the next hop address prefix, then compress the destination address prefix; If destination address prefix and next hop address prefix are inequality, then duplicate address prefix inequality.
The subnet address of step 8) processing intent address.If the subnet address of destination address is a node identification, then compress the subnet address, otherwise, duplicate subnet address inequality.

Claims (1)

1. Next Generation Internet protocol header compression method based on Internet of Things, this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1). the first place of initialization control domain: the type of judging Next Generation Internet protocol IP v6 packet, because the data type in the Internet of Things is a lot, in order to simplify the flow process of whole algorithm, the data that occur in the network are divided into two classes, if traditional scalar data, then the primary importance of control domain is 0; If image, video, multi-medium data then are changed to 1;
Step 2). second of initialization control domain: judge the type of IPv6 packet, sensor network has two kinds of service modes, a kind ofly is based on event driven service mode, and another kind is based on the service mode of query driven; First kind of pattern is that the unusual warning message that produces appears in zone detected in network, the data of this type are very high to the requirement of service quality QoS, the terminal of delivering to that needs zero defect immediately, when judging the IPv6 packet for the data of this type, the control domain second place is 1; Other are changed to 0;
Step 3). the 3rd and the 4th of initialization control domain: come second of initialization and the 3rd according to the particular type of upper-layer protocol.Not compression of 00 expression, be that they can appear at upper-layer protocol data cell the inside, the payload field of 01 expression header the inside is the ICMP icmp packet, and the payload field of 10 expression header the insides is UDP messages, and 11 temporarily keep for Transmission Control Protocol;
Step 4). read the jumping figure restriction;
Step 5). process source address prefix: analyze the source address prefix of original ipv6 header, if then address compression prefix identical with the address prefix of next jumping; If different, then duplicate address prefix inequality with the address prefix of next jumping;
Step 6). process source address subnet address:, then compress the subnet address if the subnet address in the middle of the source address is the sign of node; If the subnet address in the middle of the source address is not a node identification, then duplicate subnet address inequality;
Step 7). processing intent address prefix:, then compress the destination address prefix if the prefix of destination address is identical with the next hop address prefix; If destination address prefix and next hop address prefix are inequality, then duplicate address prefix inequality;
Step 8). the subnet address of processing intent address: if the subnet address of destination address is a node identification, then compress the subnet address, otherwise, duplicate subnet address inequality.
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