CN101841692A - Method for fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream - Google Patents
Method for fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fast forwarding and fast rewinding a video stream, which comprises the following steps: analyzing a source video file and acquiring an index file comprising each I frame index information; when a fast forwarding or fast rewinding request is received, executing the following steps: a. positioning the current playing time of the video stream; b. inquiring the index file to acquire the index information of the current I frame proximal to the current playing time; c. utilizing the fast forwarding or fast rewinding multiple and the index information of the current I frame to determine the number NF of the I frames to be skipped; d. for the fast forwarding request, skipping NF numbered I frames backwards; for the fast rewinding request, skipping NF numbered I frames forwards; e. inquiring the next I frame from the index file, and according to the information of the I frame recorded in the index file, acquiring the real data of the I frame from a primary file and playing the real data of the I frame; and repeatedly executing the steps d-e until the last I frame of the index file is processed or other processing requests are received. The invention effectively solves the problems of waste of bandwidth and unstable code rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the video technique field, relate in particular to a kind of method of fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream.
Background technology
At first briefly introduce some key frames that video request program related to:
The I frame: be a full frame compressed coded frames, be intracoded frame yet, so the data volume of I frame is general bigger, the I frame does not need to generate with reference to other frames, and it is the reference frame of P frame or B frame, only uses the I frame just can complete image of reconstruct during decoding.
P frame: be a forward-predictive-coded frames, be also referred to as inter-frame encoding frame, the P frame need generate with reference to the I frame that is adjacent of front or P frame, and it also is the reference frame of other P frames or B frame simultaneously, and the I frame or the P frame that must rely on its front during decoding just can reconstruct complete image.
B frame: be a bi-directional predictive coding frame, it also is an inter-frame encoding frame, the B frame need generate with reference to the I frame of front or the P frame of P frame or back, the B frame is not as the reference frame of other frame, therefore its decoding error diffusion that can not make the mistake, but the I frame must be relied on during the B frame decoding or P frame ability restructural goes out complete image.
The user is when watching video frequency program, and at this moment think sometimes the general content of learning about that earlier video is play needs to carry out the operation of F.F. or rewind down.Existing most video fast forward rewind down schemes all are by finding the I frame earlier, thereby the I frame realizes by playing, and concrete process is as follows:
Resolve the video source file, a frame one frame obtain the I frame data, and obtain the reproduction time of current I frame at the source video; Form according to the source video encapsulates the I frame data again, and the reproduction time of present frame is encapsulated into as timestamp, identifies the reproduction time of this I frame, also plays the effect of the I frame start position in location; Newly-generated video file that has only the I frame data and the corresponding one by one existence of source video file.
When F.F. takes place, the time of server record generation F.F., from the video file that only contains the I frame data, find immediate timestamp when F.F. takes place, and begin forward from this position and read the packet that only contains the I frame and realize F.F. with this, system's multiple of F.F. as required determines whether frame-skipping, can judge that such as system 2 multiples or 4 multiple F.F.s do not need frame-skipping, only need the forward sequence reading of data to get final product, 8 multiples are jumped 2 frames, and 16 multiples are jumped 8 frames etc.; Frame-skipping also is the data that read a frame behind the some frames in interval again; Need to upgrade the timestamp of each I frame at last, thereby obtain two time spans between the timestamp, when the n multiple if with this time span divided by n after, add that the timestamp information that is updated to this I frame of back behind the timestamp of previous I frame gets final product.
When rewind down takes place, only need look for previous timestamp reading of data in the position-reversed that finds last timestamp, just be the reading of data of the reverse frame of separator one frame with the timestamp, other and F.F. are handled similar.
There is following deficiency in above-mentioned existing scheme:
1, all I frame data are extracted new video files of composition, compared with the way of the index file of setting up the I frame, it has occupied more disk space;
2, according to the multiple of fast forwarding and fast rewinding fixing skip the purpose that some frames realize reducing data volume, but because the size of data of each frame is uncertain, to be exactly that the code check fluctuation can become big for the consequence of being brought like this, this can waste transmission bandwidth even video quality is descended, and because this rule can not be upgraded dynamically, the video that causes may cause frame-skipping very little, given bandwidth deficiency need the I frame data amount of broadcast very big, if will have a strong impact on broadcast.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream, to overcome existing scheme bandwidth waste and the jiggly problem of code check.
For this reason, the embodiment of the invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream comprises:
Parsing source video file obtains and comprises each I frame index information index file;
When receiving F.F. or fast rewinding request, carry out following steps:
A. the current broadcast of positioning video stream constantly;
B. inquire about described index file, obtain and the described current index information of immediate current I frame constantly of playing;
C. utilize F.F. or rewind down multiple and with the index information of described current I frame, determine the quantity NF of the I frame that need skip;
D. for the F.F. request, skip NF I frame backward; For fast rewinding request, skip NF I frame forward;
E. from index file, inquire next I frame information, from original document, obtain the real data of this I frame and play this I frame data according to the information of this I frame that writes down in the index file;
Repeat d-e, until last I frame of handling index file or receive other processing request.
Wherein, adopt the quantity NF of the definite I frame that need skip of following formula:
NF＝cnt-1；
Cnt satisfies as lower inequality: ((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/((T-ltm)/n＜=S/T;
Wherein,
N is the F.F. multiple;
Cnt is a constant, and initial value is 1, and each increasing degree is 1;
Ltl, lsz, T, ltm and S are index information, and concrete implication is as follows:
Ltl is all I frame data amount summations in the video of source;
The summation of lsz all I frame data amounts from source video original position to the current I frame;
T is source video playback total time;
Ltm is the play time of current I frame in the video of source;
S is the total amount of data of source video.
For fast rewinding request, adopt the quantity NF of the definite I frame that need skip of following formula:
NF＝cnt-1；
Cnt satisfies as lower inequality: (lsz/cnt)/(ltm/n)＜=and S/T;
Wherein,
N is the F.F. multiple;
Cnt is a constant, and initial value is 1, and each increasing degree is 1;
Lsz, T, ltm and S are index information, and concrete implication is as follows:
The summation of lsz all I frame data amounts from source video original position to the current I frame;
T is source video playback total time;
Ltm is the play time of current I frame in the video of source;
S is the total amount of data of source video.
Preferably, described step e also comprises:
If comprise in the described I frame data in the data of P frame or B frame or the I frame data and comprise timestamp information, filtering data then, certain at interval then data volume is inserted new timestamp.
For the F.F. request, the new timestamp of insertion data volume at interval be that (((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/((T-ltm)) * time, wherein, time represents the time interval of the insertion timestamp that presets.
Preferably, said method also comprises:
If receive the normal play request, then ignore the fast forwarding and fast rewinding processing links, from the current location displaying video of source video file.
Preferably, said method also comprises:
If receive the fast forwarding and fast rewinding request of other multiple, the information and the position of writing down the current I frame of handling utilize the information that writes down in new multiple and the current I frame index to recomputate NF, repeat the d-e step of fast forwarding and fast rewinding then
Preferably, said method also comprises:
Constantly begin the request of displaying video if receive, then in described index file, find and immediate I frame of described fixed time, begin displaying video from the original position of this I frame from specifying.
As seen, the present invention concentrates on a large amount of source video informations in the index file, make that can rely on index file easily realizes quick rewind down and specify the function of playing constantly, the present invention is by the information of source video and the multiple of fast forwarding and fast rewinding, calculate the quantity that needs frame-skipping in real time, obtain the played data of optimal data amount, guaranteed the disposal ability of the network bandwidth, also made full use of Internet resources.Than existing scheme, the present invention is according to the data volume of I frame in the current video, information dynamic calculation such as average bandwidth video playback time go out the most suitable I number of frames of skipping of this video under some multiples, and insert timestamp dynamically at an arbitrary position, avoided the waste and the jiggly problem of code check of bandwidth effectively.In addition, the present invention has recomputated timestamp when fast forwarding and fast rewinding, it is littler more stable to make that video flowing fluctuates in transmission course, when realizing fast forwarding and fast rewinding, obtain assigned I frame data in the source file by index file, need to reduce the data volume of processing greatly, also reduced the burden that hard disk reads.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is I frame index information schematic diagram in the video flowing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Introduce the embodiment of the invention below in detail:
1, resolve original video files, obtain the index file of all I frame informations, each I frame is stored its information as an elementary cell and with fixed byte, and please in conjunction with Fig. 1, the index information in the index file comprises at least:
● the position in the video of source, current I frame place, adopt data volume mark from file header to this position, mark should be recorded in the original position of the packet that comprises this I frame, is designated as lst;
● the end position in the video of source, current I frame place, adopt data volume mark from file header to this position, be designated as led;
● the play time of current I frame in the video of source is designated as ltm;
● the summation of all I frame data amounts that (comprise the current I frame) from source video original position to the current I frame is designated as lsz (the data volume summation of 3 I frames of the 1st I frame to the among Fig. 1);
● all I frame data amount summations in the video of source are designated as ltl (the data volume summation of all I frames among Fig. 1);
● video playback total time length in source is designated as T;
● the total amount of data of source video is designated as S.
2, when receiving n multiple F.F. request, carry out following treatment step:
2.1, the positioning video stream position of this moment playing, for sending between the broadcast of streaming video or network, video flowing is generally all controlled by timestamp, so can locate by the time, is designated as Tpos;
2.2, read the index file content, search for the index information of each I frame, seek the immediate I frame of time location Tpos that is played to video this moment (when receiving the F.F. request), write down the index information of this I frame;
2.3, calculate frame-skipping, so-called frame-skipping, be exactly that several frames of interval are just handled a frame in brief, when being applied in high multiple F.F. or fast reverse play, high multiple is play the data volume of handling in the unit interval and will be become greatly, and at this moment the network bandwidth or decoding end are difficult to bear so big data volume at all, and the way that addresses this problem is exactly to skip the data volume that some frames reduce processing, the frame number that need skip is designated as NF, specifically skips how many frames and can calculate by following formula:
((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/((T-ltm)/n＜＝S/T
Formula 1
Wherein, cnt is a constant, and initial value is 1, constantly adds up 1 up to satisfying formula 1.
The frame number NF=cnt-1 that need skip this moment.
Implication for above-mentioned formula 1 is explained as follows:
Formula 1 purpose is at different video flowings, and under the F.F. multiple of customer requirements, dynamic calculation goes out the I frame number that best needs are skipped.
The implication that wherein relates to is:
Ltl-lsz is when expression is played to the Tpos position, with respect to whole video file Tpos back also remaining I frame data amount summation (non-absolute precise information);
(ltl-lsz)/cnt, expression be residue I frame data amount divided by cnt, cnt is 1 to be exactly not need frame-skipping, the data that actual needs is play are exactly remaining all the I frame data in back; Cnt is 2 to be exactly to choose 1 frame, data of getting an I frame behind I frame at interval just, and the I frame data of actual play just are original 1/3 like this; The rest may be inferred;
T-ltm, when expression was played to the Tpos position, with respect to the also remaining time of whole video file Tpos back, how long play Tpos back remaining data exactly also needed;
((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/(and (T-ltm)/n, obviously the implication of formula 1 whole left side formula is that data volume needs the data volume of playing divided by the time in the unit interval just as can be seen;
S/T, the Mean Speed of original video stream is play in expression, because video flowing always has fluctuation, always will (generally can not surpass 10%) a little more greatly than this average bandwidth so play bandwidth.
In sum, the implication of formula 1 is, when the n value that proposes along with the user changed, the playback rate of remaining data always can not surpass the Mean Speed of source video, if surpassed just increase of cnt, frame-skipping just, reduce the data volume of residue I frame with this, to reach the purpose that inequality is set up, because the initial value of cnt is 1, represent not frame-skipping, so the quantity NF=cnt-1 of real frame-skipping.
The advantage that formula 1 is brought is, avoided frame-skipping very little, residue I frame data amount makes too much plays the bandwidth deficiency, equally also avoided frame-skipping too many, residue I frame data amount makes the effective bandwidth waste very little, and if the I frame of playing very little, it is too big to jump before and after the picture that plays out can be felt, image content is discontinuous, influences user experience.
2.4、
1) skips NF I frame backward;
2) information of the next I frame of taking-up from index file;
3) in source file, get access to the real data of this I frame according to the position of lst and led sign;
4) if the data of P frame or B frame are arranged in this position, it be filtered out, stab information if having time and also it will be filtered out, calculate new timestamp then and according to new timestamp played data;
Particularly, computational methods and insertion rule for timestamp are described below:
Video stream media for Digital Television, the interval that a timestamp occurs can not the region 40 milliseconds, a timestamp appears so time time span (less than 40 milliseconds) can be set, the time size of playing with current video is that the incremental time size of this timestamp of basic point is exactly time, the much data lengths in interval insert this timestamp and can calculate like this: when satisfying formula 1 inequality, the inequality left side be multiply by time time and just can be obtained at interval how many data volumes (this data volume need be converted into the integral multiple of packet, packet is exactly the base unit of video flowing in the Digital Television medium) timestamp of insertion, that is (((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/(data volume of (T-ltm)/n) * time is inserted a timestamp, at interval.
Cao Zuo timestamp fixes at interval like this, but the position that it occurs is unfixed, it can be the beginning of an I frame, centre or end, the benefit of bringing is whether the data volume size of no matter each I frame changes acutely, in transmission course all in position time of occurrence stab level and smooth with the data quantitative change, if be exactly that the video stream data amount of an I frame is when big, it is many that timestamp therein will become, thereby to add long-time cost, this I frame data stream is transmitted stably the most at last, if the data volume of an I frame is little, occurring time corresponding in this I frame stabs and will tail off, will reduce the time so, thereby fast this I frame be seen off, to reach the purpose that makes full use of bandwidth.
Afterwards, 1 in the repeated execution of steps 2.4 in order again)-4),, perhaps have other requests that need interrupt this broadcast state to occur until the index file end of message (current video plays).
3, when receiving n multiple fast rewinding request, be divided into following treatment step:
3.1, with 2.1 of F.F.;
3.2, with 2.2 of F.F.;
3.3, determine the I number of frames NF that need skip in the following way:
(lsz/cnt)/(ltm/n)＜＝S/T
Formula 2
At this moment need the I number of frames NF=cnt-1 that skips.
Explanation with reference to formula 1, the implication of formula 2 is understood that, rewind down is exactly the I frame in the video data of having play to be extracted play as requested one time in fact again, the Mean Speed that can not surpass the source video flowing by the speed of these I frames of formula 2 controls playing, if surpassed the purpose that reaches frame-skipping with regard to the value that increases cnt, it is NF=cnt-1 that last rewind down needs the frame-skipping number.
3.4、
1) skips NF I frame forward;
2) index information of the previous I frame of taking-up from index file;
3) in source file, obtain the real data of this I frame according to the position of lst and led sign;
4) if the data of P frame or B frame are arranged in this position, then it is filtered out, stab information if having time and also it will be filtered out, calculate new timestamp then and according to new timestamp played data;
Particularly, computational methods and insertion rule for timestamp are described below:
Video stream media for Digital Television, the interval that a timestamp occurs can not be lower than certain threshold value, for example 40 milliseconds, time time span (less than 40 milliseconds) therefore can be set a timestamp occurs, the time size of playing with current video is a basic point, the incremental time size of this timestamp is exactly time, the much data lengths in interval insert this timestamp and can obtain like this: when the inequality in the formula 2 is set up, time time is multiply by on the inequality left side just can obtain timestamp of how many data volumes insertions at interval, that is the data volume of ((lsz/cnt)/(ltm/n)) * time is inserted a timestamp, at interval.The benefit and the timestamp in the F.F. that bring thus are similar.
Afterwards, repeat in order again 3.4 1)-4), until the index file end of message (being equivalent to finish), the high request of the priority that perhaps has other need interrupt this broadcast state occurs.
Above-mentioned is the whole flow process of fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream scheme, illustrate as an example that with Fig. 1 its F.F. process: current location Tpos is in before the 3rd the I frame below, suppose the NF=2 that calculates then to skip 3-4 I frame, get the data playback of the next one (i.e. the 5th I frame) then; Then, skip 6-7 I frame again, play the 8th I frame data again, the rest may be inferred, finishes or have other request to occur until video playback.
In addition, when video is in F.F. or rewind down state, if receive the request of normal play video, then only need skip the data processing link of F.F. or rewind down, get final product from current location (position that F.F. or rewind down are being handled) the beginning normal play data of source video.When needs change the multiple of F.F. or rewind down, need to write down the I frame information in the index of handling, and recomputate the NF value that makes new advances according to 2.3 or 3.3, and then handle according to 2.4 or 3.4 with new F.F. or rewind down multiple.When receiving from specifying when constantly beginning the request of displaying video, only need to find in the indexed file immediate I frame of fixed time therewith, begin from this I frame starting position (lst is appointed positions the video of source) to play and get final product.
As seen, the present invention concentrates on a large amount of source video informations in the index file, make that can rely on index file easily realizes quick rewind down and specify the function of playing constantly, the present invention is by the information of source video and the multiple of fast forwarding and fast rewinding, calculate the frame number that needs frame-skipping in real time, obtain the played data of optimal data amount, guaranteed the disposal ability of the network bandwidth, also made full use of Internet resources.Than existing scheme, the present invention is according to the data volume of I frame in the current video, information dynamic calculation such as average bandwidth video playback time go out the most suitable I number of frames of skipping of this video under some multiples, and insert timestamp dynamically at an arbitrary position, avoided the waste and the jiggly problem of code check of bandwidth effectively.In addition, the present invention has recomputated timestamp when fast forwarding and fast rewinding, it is littler more stable to make that video flowing fluctuates in transmission course, when realizing fast forwarding and fast rewinding, obtain assigned I frame data in the source file by index file, need to reduce the data volume of processing greatly, also reduced the burden that hard disk reads.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream is characterized in that, comprising:
Parsing source video file obtains and comprises each I frame index information index file;
When receiving F.F. or fast rewinding request, carry out following steps:
A. the current broadcast of positioning video stream constantly;
B. inquire about described index file, obtain and the described current index information of immediate current I frame constantly of playing;
C. utilize F.F. or rewind down multiple and with the index information of described current I frame, determine the quantity NF of the I frame that need skip;
D. for the F.F. request, skip NF I frame backward; For fast rewinding request, skip NF I frame forward;
E. from index file, inquire next I frame information, from original document, obtain the real data of this I frame and play this I frame data according to the information of this I frame that writes down in the index file;
Repeat d-e, until last I frame of handling index file or receive other processing request.
2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that,, adopt the quantity NF of the definite I frame that need skip of following formula for the F.F. request:
NF＝cnt-1；
Cnt satisfies as lower inequality: ((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/((T-ltm)/n＜=S/T;
Wherein,
N is the F.F. multiple;
Cnt is a constant, and initial value is 1, and each increasing degree is 1;
Ltl, lsz, T, ltm and S are index information, and concrete implication is as follows:
Ltl is all I frame data amount summations in the video of source;
The summation of lsz all I frame data amounts from source video original position to the current I frame;
T is source video playback total time;
Ltm is the play time of current I frame in the video of source;
S is the total amount of data of source video.
3. according to the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that,, adopt the quantity NF of the definite I frame that need skip of following formula for fast rewinding request:
NF＝cnt-1；
Cnt satisfies as lower inequality: (lsz/cnt)/(ltm/n)＜=and S/T;
Wherein,
N is the F.F. multiple;
Cnt is a constant, and initial value is 1, and each increasing degree is 1;
Lsz, T, ltm and S are index information, and concrete implication is as follows:
The summation of lsz all I frame data amounts from source video original position to the current I frame;
T is source video playback total time;
Ltm is the play time of current I frame in the video of source;
S is the total amount of data of source video.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that described step e also comprises:
If comprise in the described I frame data in the data of P frame or B frame or the I frame data and comprise timestamp information, filtering data then, certain at interval then data volume is inserted new timestamp.
5. according to the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that,
For the F.F. request, the new timestamp of insertion data volume at interval be that (((ltl-lsz)/cnt)/((T-ltm)) * time, wherein, time represents the time interval of the insertion timestamp that presets.
6. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
If receive the normal play request, then ignore the fast forwarding and fast rewinding processing links, from the current location displaying video of source video file.
7. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
If receive the fast forwarding and fast rewinding request of other multiple, the information and the position of writing down the current I frame of handling utilize the information that writes down in new multiple and the current I frame index to recomputate NF, repeat the d-e step of fast forwarding and fast rewinding then.
8. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Constantly begin the request of displaying video if receive, then in described index file, find and immediate I frame of described fixed time, begin displaying video from the original position of this I frame from specifying.
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| CN2010101569238A CN101841692B (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | Method for fast forwarding and fast rewinding video stream |
| HK11102447.2A HK1148412A1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-03-10 | Fast-forward and fast-backward method of video stream |
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| CN101841692B (en) | 2011-11-23 |
| HK1148412A1 (en) | 2011-09-02 |
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