CN101777963A - Method for coding and decoding at frame level on the basis of feedback mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a method for channel coding and decoding, based on the information transmission technology in the field of communication. The method comprises the following steps conducted by a transmitting terminal: framing, framing handling, frame coding processing and transmitting, adding frame identification numbers, and signal processing and transmitting; and the method further comprises the following steps conducted by a receiving terminal: receiving the signal, processing the normal signal, detecting the frame, decoding and sending the system frame to the system sink. By coding only the frames with errors at the transmitting terminal, the invention greatly reduces the number of the coded frames, and the complexity of coding and decoding; by further coding the frame according to the receiving condition fed back from the receiving terminal on the basis of the feedback mechanism, the invention improves the efficiency of transmission; the receiving terminal is capable of recovering the frame with errors by using the simple decoding method, so that the invention effectively increases the transmission capacity; and the invention also improves the error-correcting capability for the frames with errors in a large number are allowed in decoding, and the frames with errors are not required to be successive. Accordingly, the invention has the characteristics of low complexity in coding and decoding and high error-correcting capability; and the system has the characteristics of high transmission capacity, high transmission efficiency and high reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to data (information) transmission technology in the communications field, particularly a kind ofly be frame grade encoding and interpretation method in the method for the chnnel coding that reduces the Channel Transmission error rate and decoding based on feedback model.
Background technology
Along with development of Communication Technique, the requirement of transmission capacity and distance is also in continuous growth.In data communication; signal produces mistake through regular meeting owing to be subjected to the influence of noise, decline or other reasons; in order to ensure communication quality and efficient; must control and correct these mistakes, common error-control technique comprises that mainly forward error correction (FEC) and feedback retransmit technology such as (ARQ).Forward error correction is a kind of very effective method, common forward error correction, is chnnel coding, and Read-Solomon (Reed-Solomon) sign indicating number, convolution code, turbo sign indicating number and low density parity check code (LDPC) etc. are arranged.Forward error correction, particularly recent fast-developing turbo sign indicating number and LDPC sign indicating number are characterized in one-way transmission, need feed back, and can correct a mistake automatically according to the regularity of sign indicating number, and error correction is rapid, and error correcting capability is very strong; But the volume of forward error correction, decoding architecture complexity, efficient is low, generally only is used in communication physical layer as the bit-level error correction in the frame.
Owing to only adopt forward error correction to be difficult to guarantee that the frame through decoding must be correct, thereby the general reliability that also will adopt other error correcting technique of frame level on the upper strata of communication system with further raising transmission, and wherein modal also be that the simplest frame rank error correcting technique is exactly the ARQ technology.The characteristics of this technology be simple in structure, need feedback channel, but in transmission, need in frame, not increase very long redundant information, and as long as increase very short error detection sequence, receiving terminal judges according to this sequence whether this frame is correct, if correctly, then receive, otherwise abandon this frame, and require transmitting terminal to retransmit this frame by based on feedback link.Other is called as the communication technology of " no speed " sign indicating number and network code and the other class that recent development goes out is based on the frame level; Wherein, common no-rate codes has LT sign indicating number, Raptor sign indicating number and binary system to determine no-rate codes etc., the characteristics of this type of no-rate codes are exactly " no speed " property, when using no-rate codes as error control, transmitting terminal is other frame after through coding of transmit frame level constantly, and receiving terminal is then deciphered the frame of receiving, after receiving terminal is received abundant frame, just can recover the prime information frame fully, and then feed back a termination signal and give transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal just stops to continue to send; Whole transmission course, except termination signal, receiving terminal does not need to feed back to transmitting terminal other information again, such as the packet drop of packets of information, and wants the regular transmitting terminal that feeds back to unlike the ARQ technology; Also just because of the reception condition immediate feedback not being given transmitter in the no speed rates process, thereby it is low often just to feed back retransmission technique aspect efficiency of transmission.And network code both can be used for Multicast Channel to improve the transmission capacity of whole system, also can be used for general Channel Transmission, when particularly under the multicast and broadcast channel, network code being improved the reliability of transmission as a kind of error correcting technique, then require system that feedback channel is arranged, this error correcting technique is having under the situation of feedback channel, when receiving terminal requires to retransmit because of mistake appears in reception information, transmitting terminal no longer directly retransmits the information frame of makeing mistakes, but earlier some information frames is carried out retransmitting behind other coding of frame level again; And at receiving terminal, each receiver can be handled the correct frame that finds oneself to need by simple XOR according to own frame loss condition from the coded frame that retransmits.
No matter above-mentioned is ARQ technology, no-rate codes or network coding technique, all is to decipher when decoding, and erroneous frame is directly discarded at detecting correct frame through CRC.And in fact, the bit number of most of frame mistake is considerably less in the frame that is dropped, if can find out and correct by technical finesse targetedly, soon wrong particular location at receiving terminal, make it become correct frame, thereby just can improve the transmittability of channel effectively, comprise the reliability of transmission and the efficient of transmission.The frame folding that grows up on the ARQ technical foundation utilizes this principle at receiving terminal erroneous frame to be recovered the prime information frame by detection exactly, thereby this technology also requires system that based on feedback link is provided; But different with ARQ is, this technology does not discard the frame of the error of transmission first time, but preserve, mistake appears once more if retransmit identical frame for the second time, then pass through the contrast of bit value diverse location in two erroneous frame, determine the errors present that it is possible,, just can recover the prime information frame by the way of poor search in case found the position of makeing mistakes.But the precondition of employing frame folding: the one, wrong bit number can not be too many, and not so the complexity of poor search is too high, but otherwise may cause the error detection failure because of the error detection scope that exceeds frame detection sequence; Two is that the error bit of two frames can not be positioned at same position, otherwise will omission take place and can not find out its error bit, thereby also just can't recover the prime information frame; Its three, when the continuity mistake only takes place in this technology in frame transmission just effectively.Thereby, defective such as this technology exists the usefulness that reduces the Channel Transmission error rate, improves the transmission reliability and the capacity of lifting relatively poor again, and range of application is narrow.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is on basis of background technology, improve design a kind of frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on feedback model, to strengthen the function that channel is compiled, deciphered, improve ability, the reduction Channel Transmission error rate in the Channel Transmission erroneous frame being controlled and corrected, effectively the reliability and the capacity of elevator system transmission are guaranteed purposes such as communication quality and efficient.
Solution of the present invention is the angle from frame grade encoding, retransmit in feedback on the basis of (ARQ) and frame folding, cataloged procedure is divided into two stages, phase I is a system coding, this stage, encoder only is to see off sent to the frame that comes by last module again, be left intact, second stage is the redundancy encoding stage, the frame number that feeds back according to each receiving terminal at this encoder in stage, they are carried out XOR according to bit to bit handle, obtain a redundant frame, and deliver to next module; Decode procedure then is: the system-frame of receiving is preserved, whenever receive that a redundant frame then participates in the frame number of coding according to redundant frame, the system-frame of correspondence is taken out from frame memory, and system-frame and the corresponding redundant frame of receiving thereof are carried out XOR handle, obtain an errors present indicator sequence; If the bit number that participates in the system-frame that XOR handles, do not have the even number frame to make mistakes and make mistakes at identical bit is limited at every turn, then adopt poor searching class method to recover, to the system-frame that can't satisfy this condition, then pass redundant frame again, the content of redundant frame is decided by feedback procedure; In order to make the efficiency of transmission maximum, the processing procedure of feedback is taken out half or 1 system-frame at random from current all system-frame of failing to recover decode procedure, and its frame number sent to transmitter from feedback channel, transmitting terminal produces a new redundant frame according to these frames more then, sends the decoding that decoder carries out a new round again to; Thereby realize its purpose.Therefore, the inventive method comprises transmitting terminal and receiving terminal bi-level treatment, wherein:
A. the transmitting terminal treatment step is:
A. framing: the initial data that signal source is sent is sent into the framing processing module, carried out framing, and framing is handled the back to be changeed and adds the verification sequence module;
B. framing is handled: will send into through the signal after a step framing is handled and add the verification sequence module and make framing and handle, for each frame inserts Frame Check Sequence, to be used for the examination of receiving terminal to this frame;
C. frame encoding process and transmission: after the signal that b step framing is handled is sent into the frame coding module, preserve, continuously each system-frame is sent into the d step according to the order of first in first out again; The frame number information (set of one or more system-frame frame numbers) that feeds back according to each moment receiving terminal is carried out these system-frame and verification sequence thereof the XOR processing, is obtained a new redundant frame accordingly then, also send it to the d step, when receiving that receiving terminal sends the affirmation signal that receives, end;
D. add the incoming frame identifier: will send into through the information after the frame coding module is handled and add the frame number processing module, and in each system-frame and redundant frame, add the identifier of this frame respectively, and deliver to the normal signal processing module then;
E. signal processing and transmission: will send into signal processing module through the information after the d step adds the frame identifier and handles, and signal be carried out routine will interweave, modulation treatment, and send into channel then and send;
B. the receiving terminal treatment step is:
A. signal receives and conventional treatment: the transmitting terminal signal of receiving is sent into signal processing module, carry out conventional demodulation, deinterleaving processing back, send into next step;
B. the detection of frame is handled: will send into the frame detection module through the signal after the demodulation of a step, deinterleaving are handled, at first from each system-frame of receiving, remove its frame number and this frame is kept in the corresponding frame memory according to former frame number, then according to Frame Check Sequence detect this system-frame to mistake, and its result is kept in the relevant position of frame quality buffer; And directly send into decoder after the redundant frame of receiving removed its frame number, decipher processing;
C. decoding is handled: the redundant frame after frame detector is handled is sent into decoder, and system-frame is recovered according to following steps, promptly at first obtain the redundant frame supplementary set, then obtain the errors present indicator sequence, recovery system frame then, if system-frame is still arranged not to be recovered, then from current all system-frame of failing to recover, take out half or 1 at random, and their frame number sent to transmitting terminal from feedback channel, after obtaining new redundant frame, continue decoding, all correctly recover until all system-frame, send the affirmation signal that receives to transmitting terminal from feedback channel again;
D. the system-frame in the frame memory is sent into the receiving system stay of two nights.
Above-mentioned Frame Check Sequence is Cyclic Redundancy Check sequence and detection method thereof.
In the step c that receiving terminal is handled: described redundant frame supplementary set, its method are by redundant frame, a last moment redundant frame supplementary set and current time redundant frame are carried out the XOR processing constantly to last one; During initialization, make that redundant frame, redundant frame supplementary set are the length full null sequence identical with system-frame and verification sequence length thereof.
And described errors present indicator sequence is divided into two kinds, and a kind of is all system-frame that this redundant frame of participation of current redundant frame of receiving and correspondence thereof is encoded to be carried out XOR handle (being referred to as) participation frame errors present indicator sequence that obtains; Another kind be with the redundant frame supplementary set (being current redundant frame supplementary set) after the upgrading and have neither part nor lot in current redundant frame coding wrong system-frame carry out XOR and handle (being referred to as) that obtain and have neither part nor lot in frame errors present indicator sequence.
Described recovery system frame process in two sub-sections, the one, recover to participate in the system-frame that current redundant frame is encoded, its process by: in the wrong system-frame that participates in current redundant frame coding, in participating in frame errors present indicator sequence, be designated as wrong position (just this sequence intermediate value is 1 position) and carry out bit reversal, all carrying out frame according to Frame Check Sequence behind each bit reversal detects, if testing result is correct, then the frame behind this bit reversal just is corresponding correct system-frame, and, this correct system-frame is weeded out from the frame that participates in current redundant frame coding by carrying out the XOR processing to recovering correct system-frame in back and current redundant frame; The 2nd, recover to have neither part nor lot in the error system frame that current redundant frame is encoded, its process is identical with last process, just the system-frame that will recover is the error system frame that has neither part nor lot in current redundant frame coding, and the errors present indicator sequence is for having neither part nor lot in frame errors present indicator sequence, and changes current redundant frame into current redundant frame supplementary set.And the number of wherein said bit reversal carries out according to the mode that increases progressively from small to large, and minimum is 1, and maximum number is then determined by the decoder complexity.
Describedly from current all system-frame of failing to recover, take out half or 1 at random, and their frame number sent to transmitting terminal from feedback channel, its half principle of still taking out 1 system-frame of taking out all system-frame by total continuous 2～3 times of reception error system frame do not change, then take out 1 system-frame randomly, otherwise just take out all system-frame half, send to transmitting terminal from feedback channel.
The present invention has following advantage with respect to traditional other coding and decoding method of frame level: because receiving terminal can recover erroneous frame by simple decoding method, thereby, can improve system transmission capacity very effectively with respect to technology such as traditional ARQ, no-rate codes, network codes; And the employing feedback mechanism, transmitting terminal can carry out next step coding again according to the reception condition that receiving terminal feeds back, thereby its efficiency of transmission does not have the efficiency of transmission height of the frame grade encoding technology of feedback mechanism again; Transmitting terminal of the present invention is only encoded to those wrong frames, thereby has reduced number of frames that participates in coding and the complexity of encoding and deciphering again widely; Because coding allows a lot of erroneous frame to participate in and do not require that erroneous frame is continuous, had greatly with respect to traditional frame folding, error correcting capability to promote in addition.Thereby the complexity that the present invention has coding and decoding is low, and error correcting capability is strong, characteristics such as the transmission capacity of system is big, efficiency of transmission and reliability height.
Embodiment:
A. transmitting terminal:
A. framing: the length of being sent by information source is that the initial data of 1000 bits is sent into the framing processing module, carries out framing, forms 10 each length and be 100 frame;
B. framing is handled: the signal behind the framing is sent to into frame module, and inserting length in each frame back is the CRC check sequence of 16 bits;
C. frame encoding process and transmission: the signal of handling through framing is admitted to the frame coding module, and the frame cataloged procedure divides two steps, and first step is that 10 frames continuously last module being sent here are delivered to next module; Second step is to send redundant frame, feeds back frame number information C according to i moment receiving terminal
i, C
iBe a set that comprises one or more system-frame frame numbers,, obtain a redundant frame R with regard to accordingly these system-frame being carried out (comprising verification sequence, down together) XOR
i, and deliver to next module, this process is repeated to always to be received till the affirmation signal that receives that receiving terminal sends;
D. add the incoming frame identifier: the information after the frame coding module is handled is admitted to and adds the frame number processing module, promptly in each frame, comprises system-frame and redundant frame, increases the frame number of unique this frame of identification, is sent to next module afterwards;
E. signal processing and transmission: the information after adding frame identifier resume module is admitted to the normal signal processing module, to signal interweave, after the modulation treatment, deliver to channel and send;
B. receiving terminal:
A. signal receives and conventional treatment: the signal of sending here from channel is sent to signal processing module, carries out the processing such as conventional demodulation, deinterleaving of signal;
B. the detection of frame is handled: the signal after demodulation, deinterleaving are handled is transported to frame detector (module), 10 system-frame that this detector will be received earlier, remove frame number, and this frame is kept in the corresponding frame memory according to former frame number, detect this system-frame to mistake according to CRC then, and the result is kept in the relevant position of a frame quality buffer; The frame memory of present embodiment is a memory space that can to preserve 10 each length be 116 bits, and frame quality buffer is a buffer that 10 bit storage space are arranged; This detector is directly given next module after the redundant frame of receiving is removed frame number;
C. decoding is handled: the redundant frame after frame detector is handled is transported to decoder, and the redundant frame that the note current time is received is R '
i, the system-frame set that participates in encoding at transmitting terminal of this redundant frame correspondence is C
i, the frame set that has neither part nor lot in coding in the note erroneous frame is C
i, C
iJust all error system frames are deducted C in the frame quality buffer
iRemaining error system frame set makes R '
i=R '
i+ R '
I-1+ R '
I-1Be constantly redundant frame supplementary set of i (annotate: here+be XOR, down with), wherein, R '
I-1And R '
I-1Be respectively the redundant frame and the redundant frame supplementary set of previous moment, initialization makes R '
0And R '
0Be all length and be 116 full null sequence, C
1Be empty set, then as follows to C
iIn system-frame recover:
(1). from the frame memory of a last module, find out C
iAll system-frame that comprise, mistake in computation position indicator sequence E=R '
i+ sum (C
i), sum (C here
i) the computing meaning is to C
iIn all elements carry out XOR, and the number of establishing " 1 " among the E is d;
(2). v " 1 " is taken out in the d from E " 1 " position, is placed on original position, and other positions are that " 0 " forms a sequence E ', and initialization v gets 1, then total C
d vFollow the example of, here C
d vBe meant the number of combinations of getting v among the d, each is followed the example of the E ' that obtains, again with C
iIn each of all system-frame carry out XOR respectively and obtain a series of exploration system-frame S
t, each is soundd out system-frame S
tCarry out frame according to Frame Check Sequence and detect, if testing result is correct, then should sound out system-frame is the right value of corresponding system frame just, then following information is upgraded: with the S that is updated to of corresponding system frame in the frame memory
tBe updated to the corresponding position of frame quality buffer correct; With R '
iBe updated to R '
i+ S
tIf testing result is incorrect, then continue the calculating of next exploration system-frame, in case C in the computational process
iAll system-frame all be resumed, then turn to step [3], otherwise translator goes on always; As all E ' and all C
iIn system-frame all sound out one time after, C
iAlso have system-frame not to be resumed, if v＜p then, with v from adding 1, the complexity decision that is provided with by decoder of the value of p here, and repeat this process, if v reaches the p value, then turn to step [3];
To C
iIn the recovery process and the C of system-frame
iIn system-frame recovery process unanimity, as long as with the C in (1) and (2)
iChange C into
i, with R '
iChange R ' into
i, carry out (1) and (2) computing and get final product;
(3). the data of the frame quality buffer in the module that decoding is handled are sent to feedback processing modules, if do not have the error system frame in the frame quality buffer, then turn to steps d, otherwise, sum (is not generally 2-3 time) continuously several times and changes, then from the error system frame number, get a frame number randomly and participate in code set C constantly as next
I+1, remaining error system frame number is C just
I+1, otherwise the frame number of selecting half from all error system frame numbers at random is as C
I+1, remaining half as C
I+1, then with C
I+1Feed back to transmitting terminal by feedback channel, this process be repeated until all system-frame indication in the frame quality buffer all be correct till, at this time then feed back the affirmation signal that one of transmitting terminal receives;
D. the system-frame of full recovery in the frame memory or part recovery is delivered to the stay of two nights.
Claims (7)
1. frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on a feedback model comprise transmitting terminal and receiving terminal bi-level treatment, wherein:
A. the transmitting terminal treatment step is:
A. framing: the initial data that signal source is sent is sent into the framing processing module, carried out framing, and framing is handled the back to be changeed and adds the verification sequence module;
B. framing is handled: will send into through the signal after a step framing is handled and add the verification sequence module and make framing and handle, for each frame inserts Frame Check Sequence, to be used for the examination of receiving terminal to this frame;
C. frame encoding process and transmission: after the signal that b step framing is handled is sent into the frame coding module, preserve, continuously each system-frame is sent into the d step according to the order of first in first out again; The frame number information that feeds back according to each moment receiving terminal is carried out these system-frame and verification sequence thereof the XOR processing, is obtained a new redundant frame accordingly then, also send it to the d step, when receiving that receiving terminal sends the affirmation signal that receives, end;
D. add the incoming frame identifier: will send into through the information after the frame coding module is handled and add the frame number processing module, and in each system-frame and redundant frame, add the identifier of this frame respectively, and deliver to the normal signal processing module then;
E. signal processing and transmission: will send into the normal signal processing module through the information after the d step adds the frame identifier and handles, and signal be carried out routine will interweave, modulation treatment, and send into channel then and send;
B. the receiving terminal treatment step is:
A. signal receives and conventional treatment: the transmitting terminal signal of receiving is sent into signal processing module, carry out conventional demodulation, deinterleaving processing back, send into next step;
B. the detection of frame is handled: will send into the frame detection module through the signal after the demodulation of a step, deinterleaving are handled, at first from each system-frame of receiving, remove its frame number and this frame is kept in the corresponding frame buffer according to former frame number, then according to Frame Check Sequence detect this system-frame to mistake, and its result is kept in the relevant position of frame quality memory; And directly send into decoder after the redundant frame of receiving removed its frame number, decipher processing;
C. decoding is handled: the redundant frame after frame detector is handled is sent into decoder, and system-frame is recovered according to following steps, the redundant frame supplementary set of promptly at first upgrading, then obtain the errors present indicator sequence, and then sound out and the recovery system frame, if after the above-mentioned exploration of all system-frame processes one time, still there is system-frame not recover, then from current all system-frame of failing to recover, take out half or 1 at random, and their frame number sent to transmitting terminal from feedback channel, after obtaining new redundant frame, continue decoding, all correctly recover, send the affirmation signal that receives to transmitting terminal from feedback channel again until all system-frame;
D. the system-frame in the frame buffer is sent into the receiving system stay of two nights.
2. by claim 1 described frame grade encoding and interpretation method, it is characterized in that described Frame Check Sequence is cyclic redundancy check (CRC) sequence and detection method thereof based on feedback model.
3. by claim 1 described frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on feedback model, it is characterized in that described redundant frame supplementary set, its method is by redundant frame, a last moment redundant frame supplementary set and current time redundant frame are carried out the XOR processing constantly to last one; During initialization, make that redundant frame, redundant frame supplementary set are the length full null sequence identical with system-frame and verification sequence length thereof.
4. by claim 1 described frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on feedback model, it is characterized in that described errors present indicator sequence is divided into two kinds, a kind of is all system-frame that this redundant frame of participation of current redundant frame of receiving and correspondence thereof is encoded to be carried out XOR handle the participation frame errors present indicator sequence that obtains; Another kind be with the redundant frame supplementary set after the upgrading and have neither part nor lot in current redundant frame coding wrong system-frame carry out XOR handle obtain have neither part nor lot in frame errors present indicator sequence.
5. by claim 1 described frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on feedback model, it is characterized in that described exploration and recovery system frame process in two sub-sections, the one, exploration also recovers to participate in the system-frame that current redundant frame is encoded, its process by: carry out bit reversal to being designated as wrong position in the participation errors present indicator sequence in the system-frame of the current redundant frame of wrong participation coding, all carrying out frame according to Frame Check Sequence behind each bit reversal detects, if testing result is correct, then the frame behind this bit reversal just is corresponding correct system-frame, and, this correct system-frame is weeded out from the frame that participates in current redundant frame coding by carrying out the XOR processing to recovering correct system-frame in back and current redundant frame; The 2nd, exploration also recovers to have neither part nor lot in the error system frame that current redundant frame is encoded, its process is identical with last process, just the system-frame that will sound out and recover is the error system frame that has neither part nor lot in current redundant frame coding, and the errors present indicator sequence is for having neither part nor lot in frame errors present indicator sequence, and changes current redundant frame into current redundant frame supplementary set.
6. by claim 5 described frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on feedback model, it is characterized in that the described bit reversal that carries out, the number of its bit reversal carries out according to the mode that increases progressively from small to large, and minimum is 1.
7. by claim 1 described frame grade encoding and interpretation method based on feedback model, it is characterized in that described from current all system-frame of failing to recover, take out at random half or 1, its half principle of still taking out 1 system-frame of taking out all system-frame by total continuous 2 ~ 3 times of reception error system frame do not change, then take out 1 system-frame randomly, otherwise just take out all system-frame half, send to transmitting terminal from feedback channel.
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| CN104751849A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Decoding method and device of audio streams |
| US10269357B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2019-04-23 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Speech/audio bitstream decoding method and apparatus |
| US11031020B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2021-06-08 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Speech/audio bitstream decoding method and apparatus |
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