CN101766472B - Liquid crystal adaptive retinal imaging optical system for aberration correction with self-regulating visibility - Google Patents
Liquid crystal adaptive retinal imaging optical system for aberration correction with self-regulating visibility Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of adaptive optical imaging, relates to high-resolution imaging designs of retinas of high myopic eyes, and provides a liquid crystal adaptive retinal imaging optical system for aberration correction with self-regulating visibility. The optical system consists of a visibility adjusting subsystem, an eyeground illumination subsystem, and an adaptive imaging correction subsystem. An optotype point light source and an eyeground lighting point light source are imaged at a visible position in front of eyes through an optical design to stably obtain high-resolution retinal imaging of myopic eyes of over 800 degrees. The myopic aberration of the eyes is greatly reduced by using the self-regulating ability generated by the eyes by staring at the optotype at the visible position, so that the residual aberration depth meets the correction capability of a liquid crystal corrector, and the correcting range of a liquid crystal adaptive system is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the micro-imaging technique field; It is the optical fundus high-resolution imaging light path design of carrying out the aberration adaptively correcting by human eye diopter self-regulating function; The degree of depth aberration correction that is used for the high myopia human eye can overcome the existing optical fundus self adaptive imaging technology shortcoming that image contrast reduces under the condition of myopia more than 500 degree through compensation.Specifically, be a kind of optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging.
Background technology
Blood vessel on the retina is the unique little blood vessel that can directly see clearly of human body, belongs to last vascular system eventually, and any pathologic destruction and angiemphraxis can both cause the downright bad or seepage of breaking of histanoxia.Therefore the optical fundus change is the performance of general disease; The situation of pathological changes is judged in the variation that clinical ophthalmoscope commonly used is observed the optical fundus blood capillary, like cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessel and endocrine disturbance, and arteriosclerosis, hypertension; Central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetic renal papillary necrosis etc.Since the sixties, ophthalmoscope has adopted fluorescein fundus angiography from eighties of last century, and the image contrast of capillary vessel is increased, can the blood vessel of clear observation diameter more than 20 microns.But eyeball is a complicated optical system, also can not have optical aberration inevitably even there are ametropic eyes, so the blood vessel imaging below 20 microns, and fluorescein fundus angiography is also powerless, let alone observes optic cell.These aberrations are mainly derived from: 1, each refracting media of ophthalmic is in uneven thickness, the surface curvature deviation; 2, each refracting media refractive index of ophthalmic is inhomogeneous; 3, each refracting media disalignment of ophthalmic; 4, dioptric system is not equal to the refractive index of each coloured light.For above-mentioned reasons, for light intensity that increases imaging and the resolution that improves imaging, often need platycoria, human eye aberration can aggravate again behind the platycoria, has restricted the effect and the success rate of examination of ocular fundus more.
From the eighties of last century the nineties, people begin to inquire into the application of distorting lens adaptive optics alignment technique in retina image-forming.The wave front aberration of outgoing from eye is measured with Hartmann wave front sensor by system, and the date processing through computer drives distorting lens then and comes aberration for compensation.Distorting lens adaptive optics alignment technique can below the 500 degree myopia than healthy eye on the blur-free imaging of 3 microns optic cell profiles of acquisition; But imaging effect just significantly descends when near-sighted degree is spent above 500; Tentatively compensate even add near-sighted glasses, blur-free imaging is still very difficult.This is because the present distorting lens driver element number that uses generally is no more than Unit 37, has exceeded the gauged spatial frequency of distorting lens institute ability and increase the higher order aberratons of introducing with near-sighted degree, is also referred to as the spatial resolution of corrector.Although utilize micro-electromechanical technology that the driver element number is increased to more than Unit 2000, this moment, correcting value became problem again, so do not popularize clinical so far.
The driver element of liquid crystal wave-front corrector can reach hundreds of thousands to millions of, and its processing technique is very ripe, and spatial resolution is much higher than traditional distorting lens.By means of the diffraction optics method of kinoform, the correcting range of liquid crystal wave-front corrector can extend to 5 μ m～8 μ m.The response time of liquid crystal is about 10ms, and the emending frequency of LCD self-adapting system is easy to reach 20Hz, satisfies the requirement of the preceding adaptively correcting frequency of glances fully.Liquid crystal wave-front corrector technical maturity in addition, the process-cycle is short, and cost is low, so LCD self-adapting optic system has good application prospects in fundus imaging.
Having the patent of invention of 4 retina adaptively correcting imaging systems to mention corrector in the system can be that (Zhang Yudong is etc., Chinese invention patent: adaptive optics retina imaging system for the liquid crystal corrector; ZL99115053.8, ZL99115054.6, ZL99115051.1; ZL99115052.x); Wherein adopt light path design altogether in two patents, before corrector, placed 1/4 wavelength plate, make the only circularly polarized light of incident corrector.In fact the liquid crystal corrector can not be worked in circularly polarized light.Other two patents neither place human eye beam splitter before that the intensity losses of human eye outgoing is half the to the optimal design of liquid crystal corrector, and this possibly be a fatal shortcoming for the system of the bigger liquid crystal corrector of energy loss.
Have only Japan to report optic cell imaging results (" In Vivo measurements of cone photoreceptor spacing in myopic eyesfrom images obtained by an adaptive optics fundus comera, " Y.Kitaguchi, et.al at present to the near-sighted human eye of 700 degree; Jpn.J.Ophthalmol; Vol.51, p456-461,2007); Can proofread and correct the more aberration of high myopia though this report is claimed, not provide photo.In fact, liquid crystal corrector diffraction efficiency when calibrated altitude myopia aberration descends, and is lowered into image contrast thereby can produce light leak, is the alignment requirements that is difficult to satisfy the above aberration of 700 degree myopia so adopt the calibration capability of liquid crystal corrector merely.
Usually retina imaging system all uses collimated light beam to carry out the optical fundus illumination, and human eye has the convergence ability to directional light, and incident illumination is focused on the optical fundus, forms imaging region.But for near-sighted human eye, parallel incident beam just focuses on before arriving the optical fundus too early, i.e. defocused image official post retina image-forming is fuzzy.Result of study so far shows that the ratio that does not have astigmatism or have only faint scattered-light near-sighted crowd to occupy population is the highest, and defocused image missionary society occupies 80% ratio of total aberration in the near-sighted human eye.If can propose rational defocusing compensation way, with the calibration capability that significantly improves the LCD self-adapting optical imaging system.
A lot of research groups use concavees lens to compensate the out of focus aberration, but simultaneously must be with the distance between micron-sized precision strict adjustment human eye and instrument to avoid the introducing out of focus aberration once more, and this is difficult to accomplish clinically.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the optical design that a kind of diopter is regulated the optical fundus lighting system in order to overcome the defective that prior art exists, and purpose provides a kind of optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging.The present invention's self compensation out of focus stably aberration is used for the retina image-forming of liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting, and the image contrast of the above high myopia human eye of 800 degree is significantly improved.
The optical fundus illumination that diopter is regulated is different from traditional parallel light mode, but the spot light mode at distance of distinct vision place.For avoiding the long-time irradiation injury human eye of lighting source; Lower poweredly stare the distance of distinct vision place that the sighting target point source also is arranged at human eye to be detected with one simultaneously; Utilize near-sighted human eye can clearly look thing and tireless characteristics in this distance, let human eye stare sighting target, can produce the diopter self-adjusting ability this moment; The out of focus aberration is independently compensated, and then instant igniting lighting point light source carries out the adaptive aberration correcting imaging.In conjunction with the LCD self-adapting imaging system of this lighting system; Only need proofread and correct the imaging effect that its out of focus aberration degree of depth 1/3 below can obtain diffraction limit resolution for near-sighted human eye more than 800 degree, solve that liquid crystal corrector diffraction efficiency when CD is excessive reduces and the problem that causes image contrast decline.
The present invention makes sighting target point source and lighting point light source can strict be arranged on the place, same geometric position of the distance of distinct vision; The thinking of optical design is the distance of distinct vision place that the picture of sighting target light source and lighting source is arranged on human eye to be detected; And two facula mass centers overlap fully on the image planes, become two secondary light sources at place, same geometric position.The optical design of whole imaging system can be divided into diopter and regulate subsystem, optical fundus illumination subsystem and adaptively correcting imaging subsystem three parts, is described in detail respectively below.
Diopter is regulated subsystem: according to medical knowledge, the distance of distinct vision of human eye equal with mm be the far point of unit apart from 1000/D, D is the refractive diopter of human eye, and D >=4, promptly the distance of distinct vision of near-sighted human eye is 250mm below 400 degree.It is as shown in Figure 1 that diopter is regulated the structure of subsystem, is made up of sighting target point source 1, first lens 2, second lens 3, PBS polarization beam apparatus (PBS beam splitter) the 4, the 3rd lens 5, linear displacement mechanism 6, human eye 7.Wherein, the sighting target light source that sighting target point source 1 provides human eye to stare, emission wavelength is arranged on visible light wave range, and be single wavelength X ', be positioned at the along of first lens 2.First lens 2 and second lens 3 are formed the conjugated lens group, make 1 imaging of sighting target point source.PBS beam splitter 4 becomes the 45 configuration with the optical axis of second lens 3, make the imaging beam of sighting target point source 1 roll over 90 ° on axle.The optical path length d of the 3rd lens 5 to second lens 3
1By the focal distance f of the two
5, f
3D decides with the human eye refractive diopter, needs by formula (1) to calculate, and wherein D does not have unit, and D>=4, when myopia is lower than 400 D=4 when spending, other parameter unit is mm.But human eye 7 is positioned on the head bracket of x-y-z three-dimensional linear displacement, and the x-y plane is vertical with optical axis, and the z direction is parallel with optical axis, regulates head bracket and can make pupil and incident beam centrally aligned, and be the focal distance f of the 3rd lens 5 to the distance of the 3rd lens 5
5
d
1＝(1000-Df
5)f
5/1000+f
3 (1)
In the formula, f
3Be the focal length of second lens 3, f
5It is the focal length of the 3rd lens 5.
Regulate in the subsystem in the diopter of design like this; Sighting target point source 1 sends spherical wave; Become imaging beam via first lens 2, second lens 3; Imaging beam is folding axle on PBS beam splitter 4 again, and focal imaging on perpendicular to the direction of original optical axis is on the imaging surface that this picture point marks in Fig. 1 via 5 one-tenth virtual images of the 3rd lens again.This imaging surface is the distance of distinct vision to the oculopupillary distance of tested person, and this virtual image luminous point is the sighting target that human eye is stared.To different human eyes, the distance of distinct vision needs to regulate, and can accomplish with human eye 7 with moved further the 3rd lens 5 through linear displacement mechanism 6, thereby obtain the distance of distinct vision sighting target of different human eyes.
The illumination subsystem: the present invention is designed to the laser spots light source with lighting source, and its wavelength X is decided according to the fundus imaging optical properties of tissue, but is different from the wavelength of sighting target light source, i.e. λ ≠ λ '.Optical fundus illumination subsystem structure is as shown in Figure 2, by lighting source 8, the 4th lens 9, rotation clouded glass 10, the 5th lens 11, aperture diaphragm 12, dichroic coupling beam divider 13 and diopter regulate second lens 3 in the subsystem, PBS beam splitter 4, the 3rd lens 5, linear displacement mechanism 6, human eye 7 is formed.Wherein, the spherical wave that lighting source 8 sends focuses on the rotation clouded glass 10 through the 4th lens 9, and this focused spot diameter is proportional to the diameter of the illuminated imaging region in optical fundus, and adjusting this focal spot is the illuminated area size in may command optical fundus.Rotation clouded glass 10 places the focal plane place of the 5th lens 11, and the purposes of rotation clouded glass 10 is to eliminate laser to do in order to eliminate the laser speckle of imaging surface from relevant.The optical axis of the 5th lens 11 is vertical with the optical axis that diopter is regulated second lens 3 in the subsystem, also forms the conjugated lens group through dichroic coupling beam divider 13, and the optical path length between the two is the focal distance f of second lens 3
3, the picture of lighting source 8 is overlapped with the picture of sighting target point source 1.Aperture diaphragm 12 is close to after the 5th lens 11, and its aperture scalable is slightly less than the oculopupillary diameter of tested person to control pleasing to the eye light beam.Dichroic coupling beam divider 13 places after the aperture diaphragm 12, and inserts between first lens 2 and second lens 3, forms with two vertical each other optical axises to become the 45 configuration, and reflection end and transmission end are respectively towards the aperture diaphragm 12 and first lens 2.The effect of dichroic coupling beam divider 13 is to utilize lighting source different with the optical wavelength of sighting target light source, and the light of light source for reflection illumination, transmission sighting target light source forms two light beams light path entering follow-up system altogether respectively.Second lens 3 and the 3rd lens 5 are formed the conjugated lens group, are used for aperture diaphragm 12 is imaged in human eye pupil place.In the illumination subsystem of design like this, the light that lighting source 8 sends images on the rotation clouded glass 10 via the 4th lens 9, has eliminated the relevant certainly effect of laser.Light beam becomes directional light through the 5th lens 11 then; Become via aperture diaphragm 12 back beam diameter constraints again and be slightly less than the oculopupillary collimated light beam of tested person; The light beam that is reflected when arriving dichroic coupling beam divider 13 and regulates subsystem with diopter is light path altogether; Through PBS beam splitter 4 reflection becoming S polarized light, also form the virtual image at distance of distinct vision place again through the 3rd lens 5, can overlap fully with the centroid position of the sighting target light source virtual image as the barycenter of hot spot; Send the S polarized light, the point source that forms distance of distinct vision place throws light on to the optical fundus.
With the stretching position relation that can more be clear that between each element of the folding axial light path of illumination subsystem, be illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein inoperative dichroic coupling beam divider 13 of beam convergence and PBS beam splitter 4 are omitted.The convergent point of dotted line is the distance of distinct vision to the distance of pupil among Fig. 3, f
11It is the 5th focal length of lens.
Correcting imaging subsystem: the optical fundus emergent light is carried out measurement and the correction that diopter is regulated the back residual aberration, realize high-resolution imaging to the human eye retina.Correcting imaging subsystem structure is as shown in Figure 4, is made up of human eye 7, the 3rd lens 5, PBS beam splitter 4, the 6th lens 14, liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, reflecting mirror 16, the 7th lens 17, Amici prism 18, wave front detector 19, the 8th lens 20, imaging CCD camera 21.Wherein, carrying the S polarization stray light of the corneal reflection of failing to get into the optical fundus, when seeing through PBS beam splitter 4, owing to only allow S polarization stray light that the P polarized light transmission makes the corneal reflection by filtering from the depolarization flashlight of human eye 7 outgoing.The 6th lens 14 and second lens 3 form confocal configuration through PBS beam splitter 4; And the focus that makes the 6th lens 14 departs from the long distance of L to the left; L is 4mm～6mm, so that incident and the two-beam that reflects liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 are eccentric through the 6th lens 14 about respectively.Liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 places the focus of the 6th lens 14, and it proofreaies and correct the polarization direction and the P polarized light coincide.From liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 beam reflected the two optical axis of reflection and incident when arriving reflecting mirror 16 2L distance of being separated by, make and have only the folded light beam mirror 16 that is reflected to receive.Reflecting mirror 16 becomes 45 to place with the 6th lens 14 optical axises, with light beam folding axle.Follow-up the 7th lens 17 and the 8th lens 20 are conjugated lens groups, and the distance between the two is the focal length of the 7th lens 17, and light beam can form images on CCD camera 21 after through this conjugated lens group.Imaging CCD camera 21 places the along of the 8th lens 20.In the middle of the 7th lens 17 and the 8th lens 20, place Amici prisms 18, this collimated light beam be divided into vertical each other two bundles, vertically to light beam get into wave front detector 19.Wave front detector 19 is a Hartman wavefront detector, and the optical path length between it and the 7th lens 17 is the focal length of the 7th lens 17, to guarantee the conjugate relation between wave front detector 19 and the liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15.In the correcting imaging subsystem of as above design, at first flashlight comes out to become the spherical wave of depolarization from fundus reflex, after the outgoing of human eye corneal, is carrying corneal reflection interference light and is assembling its along through the 3rd lens 5, arrives PBS beam splitter 4.In the P polarized light outgoing that the transmission end of PBS beam splitter 4 only carries the optical fundus signal, filtered out the S polarization stray light of corneal reflex.The P polarized light is again through becoming the collimated light beam with liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 apertures couplings behind the 6th lens 14, and the P polarization direction is consistent with the correction polarization direction of liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15.The optical fundus signal beams that projects liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 is proofreaied and correct back reflection through wave front aberration, becomes converging light through the 6th lens 14 again and separates with incident illumination, arrives reflecting mirror 16 folding axles and assembles the front focus place that images in the 7th lens 17.The light that this picture point is sent is divided into two bundles again through Amici prism 18, the residual aberration that a branch of entering wave front detector 19 detects after proofreading and correct, and another bundle images in CCD camera 21 with eye fundus image under the effect of conjugated lens group the 7th lens 17 and the 8th lens 20.
The above is the optical design of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging of the present invention.
The present invention is based on diopter and regulate the institute optical fundus of the designing subsystem of throwing light on, utilize the diopter self-regulating function of human eye, significantly reduced requirement liquid crystal corrector CD.In the present invention; This optical fundus illumination Adaptable System of regulating based on diopter has been carried out concrete optical design; Can adjust the distance of distinct vision according to the near-sighted degree of difference with varying with each individual; Operational approach is simple, has formed stable based on formation method at the bottom of the LCD self-adapting optical eye of human eye diopter self-regulating function.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical texture sketch map that diopter of the present invention is regulated subsystem.Wherein, 1 is the sighting target point source, and 2 is first lens, and 3 is second lens, and 4 is the PBS beam splitter, and 5 is the 3rd lens, and 6 is linear displacement mechanism, and 7 is human eye; The hot spot at imaging surface place is the virtual image of sighting target point source 1, is sighting target, and sighting target is the distance of distinct vision to the distance of pupil.
Fig. 2 is an illumination subsystem optical texture sketch map of the present invention.Wherein, 8 is lighting source; 9 is the 4th lens, 10 for rotation clouded glass, 11 be the 5th lens, 12 for aperture diaphragm, 13 for the dichroic coupling beam divider, elements such as second lens 3, PBS beam splitter 4, the 3rd lens 5, linear displacement mechanism 6 are shared with diopter adjusting subsystem; The virtual image barycenter of lighting source overlaps with the position of sighting target barycenter fully at the imaging surface place, forms the point source optical fundus illumination at distance of distinct vision place.
Fig. 3 is each lens position and mutual relation sketch map thereof in the illumination subsystem.Wherein, f
5Be the focal length of the 3rd lens 5, D is the refractive diopter of human eye, and 1000/D equals the human eye distance of distinct vision that mm is a unit, d
1Calculate f according to formula (1)
3Be the focal length of second lens 3, f
11It is the focal length of the 5th lens 11.
Fig. 4 is the optical texture sketch map of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging of the present invention.Wherein, 14 is that the 6th lens, 15 are that liquid crystal wave-front corrector, 16 is that reflecting mirror, 17 is that the 7th lens, 18 are that Amici prism, 19 is that wave front detector, 20 is that the 8th lens, 21 are the CCD camera that forms images; From the stray light that makes the corneal reflection after the light beam of human eye 7 outgoing sees through PBS beam splitter 4 by filtering; Eccentric then through the 6th lens 14; Making the light beam that arrives reflecting mirror 16 is the light beam that liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 has been proofreaied and correct aberration, can on imaging CCD camera 21, obtain the amphiblestroid picture of high-resolution.
Fig. 5 is the simulated eye sketch map.Wherein 23 is the diffuse-reflectance screen, and 22 is cemented doublet, and retina and human lens at the bottom of the simulated eye are used for the response matrix measurement of practical implementation process respectively.
Fig. 6 is that 800 degree myopia have the retina optic cell image that the astigmatic human eye of 150 degree obtains concurrently in system of the present invention, and wherein (a) is the retina optic cell image before proofreading and correct, and (b) is the retina optic cell image after proofreading and correct.
The specific embodiment
Understand the present invention for clearer, each parts are elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Described sighting target point source 1 is the single color LED point source, and emission wavelength λ ' is at visible light wave range.
Described first lens 2, second lens 3, the 3rd lens 5, the 4th lens 9, the 5th lens 11, the 6th lens 14, the 7th lens 17 and the 8th lens 20 are two gummed achromats.
Described PBS beam splitter 4 can be with 1 * 10 in illumination light wavelength λ is the wave band at center
-3The good polarization characteristic of extinction ratio sees through P light, and folded light beam S polarisation of light characteristic is not had quantitative requirement.
Described linear displacement mechanism 6 is the one dimension displacement device, displacement accuracy 0.01mm, stroke 120mm.
Described human eye 7 is equivalent to the combination of cemented doublet shown in Figure 5 22 and diffuse reflector 23 on optical texture.Cemented doublet 22 anthropomorphic dummy's crystalline lenses, focal length is 20mm, is positioned at the residing position of human eye pupil; Retina at the bottom of 23 simulated eyes is shielded in diffuse-reflectance, is positioned at the residing position of human eye retina; This combination can be simulated the aberrationless human eye, and the present invention will use simulated eye when implementing.
Described lighting source 8 is a single-mode laser, its wavelength X ≠ λ ', and shoot laser forms point source through the single-mode fiber coupling, and power is in 10mW～20mW scope.
Described rotation clouded glass 10 is the sheet glass of a surface through frosted, has 75%～80% transmitance, is rotated speed of rotation scope 1000rpm～2000rpm continuously by Electric Machine Control.
Described aperture diaphragm 12 is a circular aperture, and the aperture can be regulated in the 10mm scope at 1mm continuously; Aperture diaphragm 12 also can be annular diaphragm, produces annular beam incident human eye, directly the strong reflection stray light in filtering eye cornea normal incidence zone.
Described dichroic coupling beam divider 13 has the ability of the sighting target light that illumination light that reflection wavelength is λ and transmission peak wavelength be λ '.
Described liquid crystal corrector 15 is pure phase-type reflection type liquid crystal wave-front corrector, and liquid crystal is to the response time≤15ms of driving voltage.
Described reflecting mirror 16 is the thin, planar reflecting mirror.
Described Amici prism 18 is common Amici prism.
Described wave front detector 19 is Hartmann's type wave front detector.
Described imaging CCD camera 21 is the high sensitivity scientific grade CCD, pixel count >=512 * 512.
Embodiment
1) adopting emission wavelength λ ' is that the light emitting diode of 550nm is as sighting target point source 1.
2) used lighting source 8 is a small semiconductor laser, has optical fiber coupling, core diameter 100 μ m, and emission wavelength λ is 808nm, output is in that 10mW～the 20mW scope is adjustable.
3) first lens 2, second lens 3, the 3rd lens 5, the 4th lens 9, the 5th lens 11, the 6th lens 14, the 7th lens 17, the 8th lens 20 are two gummed achromats, and the surface is coated with anti-reflection film.Bore is followed successively by: 20mm, 25mm, 25mm, 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, 20mm, 20mm; Focal length is followed successively by: 50mm, 250mm, 200mm, 30mm, 50mm, 250mm, 86mm, 100mm.
4) selecting human eye 7 is that 800 degree myopia have 150 degree astigmatism concurrently, and its distance of distinct vision 125mm, linear adjustment displacement mechanism 6 make the optical path length d of the 3rd lens 5 to second lens 3
1=130mm; Be stabilized in 6.0mm than PD under the dark situation.
5) manufacture rotation clouded glass 10, choosing thickness is the frosted thin glass sheet of 1mm, and it is 75% that the transmitance of laser is used in the optical fundus illumination; The frosted thin glass sheet is pasted on the machine shaft, and motor rotates with the speed of 1000rpm, thereby has eliminated laser speckle effect.
6) used aperture diaphragm 12 adopts 1mm to the 10mm aperture of adjusting continuously, be close to the 5th lens 11 after; Because tested PD is 6.0mm, so the diameter of aperture diaphragm 12 is controlled to 5.8mm, is slightly less than pupil.
7) used dichroic coupling beam divider 13, bore 25mm has 95% reflectance to the optical fundus illumination light of 808nm wavelength, and the sighting target light of 550nm wavelength is had 95% transmitance.
8) used PBS beam splitter 4, diameter 50mm, the extinction ratio of the P polarized light of when the optical fundus of 808nm wavelength illumination light sees through, telling is 1 * 10
-3
9) used liquid crystal corrector 15, the reflective LCOS device of pure phase-type, U.S. BNS company produces, model P512-0785.
10) used reflecting mirror 16, area 15mm * 15mm, thickness 2mm, reflectance 95%.
11) used Amici prism 18 is common Amici prism, and the inverse ratio that passes through of 808nm wavelength optical fundus illumination light is about 1: 1.
12) used wave front detector 19 is Hartmann's type, and effectively the lenticule number is m=233; 2.5mm being Britain ANDOR company, receiving aperture, the CCD of configuration produce model EM-DV897; 128 * 128 pixels, quantum efficiency is 70% in the 808nm wavelength, Wavefront detecting speed 200Hz; Measurement error peak-to-valley value 0.05 λ, root-mean-square value 0.01 λ.
13) used imaging CCD camera 21, Britain ANDOR company produces, model EM-DV897,512 * 512 pixels, time of exposure 15ms.
14) utilize said elements to build diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging optical system according to light channel structure shown in Figure 4; Wherein the 6th lens 14 and second lens 3 form confocal configuration through PBS beam splitter 4; And the focus that makes the 6th lens 14 departs from the distance that L is 5mm to the left, and incident is separated with the two-beam that reflects liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15; Configuration self adapting is controlled and the signal processing subsystem, has formed the diopter self-regulation adaptive aberration correcting imaging system of complete function.
15) for pupil can be aimed at incident light axis expediently; The pupil camera is set to be demarcated pupil position: the 20mm in the human eye front upper place～30mm distance is placed an infrared LED; Emission wavelength 830nm～900nm, illumination measured pupil makes pupil image in the along of second lens 3.Between second lens 3 and dichroic coupling beam divider 13, insert a color separation film again, make the light beam vertical reflection of infrared LED go out light path, do not pass through less than illumination and the sighting target light beam of 830nm but do not influence wavelength.Folding axle focal plane place at second lens 3 is provided with the pupil camera; Place diffuse-reflectance screen at the design attitude of pupil and replace human eye.Open lighting source 8, a border circular areas is illuminated on the radiation shield, and the center of this speck is the position that pupil center should locate.Open the pupil camera and take the speck on the diffuse-reflectance screen.With this speck center is the center of circle, and basic pupil radius 3mm is that radius is drawn a circle, as the normal place of pupil, this circle is saved in file, deposits in the program-con-trolled computer.Close lighting source 8, withdraw from the diffuse-reflectance screen.
16) step of human eye pupil aligning incident light axis: with 15) circle of the labelling pupil position of step acquisition appends to pupil image of camera viewing area, is that standard is aimed at pupil with this circle.Open sighting target point source 1, the coarse adjustment headstock is so that human eye can be seen sighting target.Open the pupil camera, the human eye pupil is recorded a video, the fine tuning headstock overlaps with the demarcation circle up to pupil image.
17) set up the response matrix R of 19 pairs of wave-front correctors 15 of wave front detector: at first human eye 7 usefulness simulated eyes are substituted; Wherein the focal length of cemented doublet 22 is 20mm; Be placed on residing position, protoplast's eye pupil hole, diffuse-reflectance screen 23 is placed on the residing position of former human eye retina.Open lighting source 8, can on the diffuse-reflectance screen, see the convergence luminous point; Open wave front detector 19 and can detect, move forward and backward and regulate the peak-to-valley value minimum of diffuse-reflectance screen 23 on tested wavefront from the wavefront of simulated eye outgoing.Open response matrix measurement control software is measured the preceding response matrix R of preceding 36 Zernike mode waves then.
The response matrix basic principle of measurement: the coefficient that makes each front of Zernike multinomial is 1, is unit with the lighting source wavelength X, solves the face morpheme phase numerical solution of 36 Zernike items respectively.The position phase one gray scale response relation of good liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 is surveyed in utilization in advance, successively with each Zernike multinomial Z
K(x, face morpheme phase numerical value y) converts the grey level distribution figure on the liquid crystal corrector 15 to.Wherein x and y are this position and practise physiognomy along x axle and the axial coordinate figure of y.Be applied to one by one on the liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 through computer then; The slope distribution of lenticule focal spot array on x axle and y axle of detector 19 corresponding every Zernike patterns before the computer-readable efferent echo.Because first for translational mode can omit, thus the two-dimensional matrix R of one 2 * (M-1) row, 2 * m row formed by these a series of wavefront slope,
K is a Zernike multinomial item ordinal number here, and k is M=36 to the maximum, thus k=2,3,4 ... 36; M is the effective lenticule number on Hartmann's detector, 233.This two-dimensional matrix is response matrix R.
18) remove simulated eye, measured human eye 7 is positioned at position shown in Figure 4, the adaptively correcting imaging process on beginning human eye 7 optical fundus: at first light sighting target point source 1, make us the initiatively sighting target at staring imaging face place of eye 7, and clear up to vision.Successively open rotation clouded glass 10, imaging CCD camera 21 and lighting source 8, the time of exposure of imaging CCD camera 21 is set to 15ms.Wave front detector 19 receives through human eye 7 and reflects the light of coming out, and its wavefront is converted into 2m train wave front slope vector, m=233 here:
Then by
(a is the coefficient a of each front of Zernike multinomial
kThe vector that constitutes) have:
Formula can obtain the preceding Zernike equation of institute's probing wave in view of the above, solves the position phase numerical value on the wavefront.According to the position of liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 and the relation of gray level, convert wavefront position phase numerical value into gray level and feed back to liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15, liquid crystal wave-front corrector 15 carries out wavefront correction.Imaging CCD camera 21 is worked always, notes the optical fundus retinal images before and after proofreading and correct.
19) analysis result:
Regulate through diopter, the out of focus degree of depth of the near-sighted human eye of tested 800 degree is reduced to 9.7 μ m by 36 μ m, makes the liquid crystal corrector can the well-corrected residual aberration.The retina optic cell image of taking before and after the adaptively correcting is shown in figure six (a) and (b); Can find out that therefrom calibration result of the present invention is remarkable; The picture what information also not seen Chu by is seen the optic cell of 3 μ m diameters clearly, has shown effect of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging; It is characterized in that regulating subsystem, optical fundus illumination subsystem and adaptively correcting imaging subsystem three parts by diopter constitutes; The picture of sighting target light source and lighting source is arranged on the distance of distinct vision place of human eye to be detected; Two facula mass centers overlap fully on the image planes, become two secondary light sources at place, same geometric position;
Described diopter is regulated subsystem and is made up of sighting target point source (1), first lens (2), second lens (3), PBS beam splitter (4), the 3rd lens (5), linear displacement mechanism (6), human eye (7); Sighting target point source (1) provides the human eye sighting target light source that (7) are stared, and emission wavelength is arranged on visible light wave range, and be single wavelength X ', be positioned at the along of first lens (2); First lens (2) and second lens (3) are formed the conjugated lens group, and PBS beam splitter (4) becomes the 45 configuration with the optical axis of second lens (3), and the 3rd lens (5) are to the optical path length d of second lens (3)
1=(1000-Df
5) f
5/ 1000+f
3, wherein D is refractive diopter, no unit, and D>=4, is lower than 400 D=4 when spending, f when near-sighted degree
5And f
3Be respectively the focal length of the 3rd lens (5) and second lens (3), unit is mm; Human eye (7) is positioned on the head bracket of x-y-z three-dimensional linear displacement, and the x-y plane is vertical with optical axis, and the z direction is parallel with optical axis, regulate head bracket and make pupil and incident beam centrally aligned, and the distance of pupil to the three lens (5) is the focal distance f of the 3rd lens (5)
5For different human eyes, can accomplish the adjusting of the distance of distinct vision with moved further the 3rd lens (5) and human eye (7) through linear displacement mechanism (6), thereby obtain the distance of distinct vision sighting target of different human eyes;
Second lens (3), PBS beam splitter (4), the 3rd lens (5), linear displacement mechanism (6), human eye (7) that described optical fundus illumination subsystem is regulated in the subsystem by lighting source (8), the 4th lens (9), rotation clouded glass (10), the 5th lens (11), aperture diaphragm (12), dichroic coupling beam divider (13) and diopter are formed; The spherical wave that lighting source (8) sends focuses on the rotation clouded glass (10) through the 4th lens (9), and this focused spot diameter is proportional to the diameter of the illuminated imaging region in optical fundus, adjusts this illuminated area size in focal spot control optical fundus; Rotation clouded glass (10) places the focal plane place of the 5th lens (11), and the optical axis of the 5th lens (11) is vertical with the optical axis of second lens (3), forms the conjugated lens group through dichroic coupling beam divider (13), and the optical path length between the two is the focal distance f of second lens (3)
3Aperture diaphragm (12) is close to the 5th lens (11) afterwards; Dichroic coupling beam divider (13) places aperture diaphragm (12) afterwards; And insert between first lens (2) and second lens (3); Formation becomes the 45 configuration with two vertical each other optical axises, reflection end and transmission end are respectively towards aperture diaphragm (12) and first lens (2);
Described adaptively correcting imaging subsystem is made up of human eye (7), the 3rd lens (5), PBS beam splitter (4), the 6th lens (14), liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15), reflecting mirror (16), the 7th lens (17), Amici prism (18), wave front detector (19), the 8th lens (20), imaging CCD camera (21); The 6th lens (14) form image planes configuration altogether with second lens (3) through PBS beam splitter (4); And the long distance of L is departed from the optical axis direction of relative the 3rd lens of the optical axis that makes the 6th lens (14) (5) left side; L is 4mm～6mm, and the two-beam that makes incident and reflect liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) is eccentric through the 6th lens (14) about respectively; Liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) places the along of the 6th lens (14), and it proofreaies and correct the polarization direction and the P polarized light coincide; From liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) beam reflected the two optical axis of reflection and incident when arriving reflecting mirror (16) 2L distance of being separated by, make and have only the folded light beam mirror (16) that is reflected to receive; Reflecting mirror (16) becomes 45 to place with the 6th lens (14) optical axis, with light beam folding axle; Follow-up the 7th lens (17) and the 8th lens (20) are the conjugated lens groups, and the distance between the two is the focal length of the 7th lens (17), and light beam is through going up imaging at CCD camera (21) after this conjugated lens group; Imaging CCD camera (21) places the along of the 8th lens (20); In the middle of the 7th lens (17) and the 8th lens (20), place Amici prism (18).
2. the optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Regulate in the subsystem in diopter; Sighting target point source (1) sends spherical wave, becomes imaging beam via first lens (2), second lens (3), and imaging beam is gone up the folding axle at PBS beam splitter (4) again; Focal imaging on perpendicular to the direction of original optical axis; This picture point becomes the virtual image on imaging surface via the 3rd lens (5) again, and imaging surface is the distance of distinct vision to the oculopupillary distance of tested person, and virtual image luminous point is the sighting target that human eye is stared;
In the illumination subsystem, lighting source (8) is the laser spots light source, and its wavelength X is decided λ ≠ λ ' according to the fundus imaging optical properties of tissue; Dichroic coupling beam divider (13) is the light of light source for reflection illumination (8), transmission sighting target point source (1) respectively, forms two light beams light path entering follow-up system altogether; Second lens (3) and the 3rd lens (5) are formed the conjugated lens group, and aperture diaphragm (12) is imaged in human eye pupil place; The light that lighting source (8) sends; Image on the rotation clouded glass (10) via the 4th lens (9); Light beam becomes directional light through the 5th lens (11) then; Become via the constraint of aperture diaphragm (12) back beam diameter again and be slightly less than the oculopupillary collimated light beam of tested person, be reflected when arriving dichroic coupling beam divider (13) and the light beam of regulating subsystem with diopter light path altogether, through PBS beam splitter (4) reflection becoming S polarized light; Form the virtual image at distance of distinct vision place again through the 3rd lens (5), can overlap fully with the centroid position of the sighting target light source virtual image as the barycenter of hot spot; Send the S polarized light, the point source that forms distance of distinct vision place throws light on to the optical fundus;
In the correcting imaging subsystem, flashlight comes out to become the spherical wave of depolarization from fundus reflex, after human eye (7) corneal outgoing, is carrying corneal reflection interference light and is assembling its along through the 3rd lens (5), then arrives PBS beam splitter (4); In the P polarized light outgoing that the transmission end of PBS beam splitter (4) only carries the optical fundus signal, filtered out the S polarization stray light of corneal reflex; The P polarized light is again through becoming the collimated light beam with liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) aperture coupling behind the 6th lens (14), and the P polarization direction is consistent with the correction polarization direction of liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15); The optical fundus signal beams that projects liquid crystal wave-front corrector (15) is proofreaied and correct back reflection through wave front aberration, becomes converging light through the 6th lens (14) again and separates with incident illumination, arrives reflecting mirror (16) folding axle and assembles the front focus place that images in the 7th lens (17); The light that this picture point is sent is divided into vertical each other two bundles again through Amici prism (18); Vertically to light beam get into wave front detector (19) and detect the residual aberration after proofreading and correct, another bundle images in CCD camera (21) with eye fundus image under the effect of conjugated lens group the 7th lens (17) and the 8th lens (20).
3. the optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the distance of distinct vision sighting target that obtains different human eyes (7) through linear displacement mechanism (6) with moved further the 3rd lens (5) and human eye (7).
4. the optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described sighting target point source (1) is a LED source;
Described PBS beam splitter (4) is in the wave band at center, with 1 * 10 at illumination light wavelength λ
-3The polarization characteristic of extinction ratio sees through P light;
Described linear displacement mechanism (6) is the one dimension displacement device, displacement accuracy 0.01mm, stroke 120mm;
Described lighting source (8) is a single-mode laser, and shoot laser forms point source through the single-mode fiber coupling, and power is in 10mW～20mW scope;
Described rotation clouded glass (10) is the sheet glass of a surface through frosted, has 75%～80% transmitance, is rotated speed of rotation scope 1000rpm～2000rpm continuously by Electric Machine Control;
Described aperture diaphragm (12) aperture is regulated in 1mm～10mm scope continuously;
Described dichroic coupling beam divider (13) has the ability of the sighting target light that illumination light that reflection wavelength is λ and transmission peak wavelength be λ ';
Described liquid crystal corrector (15) is pure phase-type reflection type liquid crystal wave-front corrector, and liquid crystal is to the response time≤15ms of driving voltage.
5. the optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: at first let human eye stare the picture of sighting target point source; Produce diopter self-regulation, it is clear to reach vision, and most of out of focus aberration of near-sighted human eye is fallen in compensation; And then instant igniting lighting point light source carries out the adaptively correcting imaging of residual aberration.
6. the optical system of diopter self-regulation liquid crystal adaptive aberration correcting retina imaging according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
1) adopting emission wavelength λ ' is that the light emitting diode of 550nm is as sighting target point source (1);
2) core diameter of used lighting source (8) is 100 μ m, and emission wavelength λ is 808nm;
3) surface of first lens (2), second lens (3), the 3rd lens (5), the 4th lens (9), the 5th lens (11), the 6th lens (14), the 7th lens (17), the 8th lens (20) is coated with anti-reflection film, and bore is followed successively by: 20mm, 25mm, 25mm, 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, 20mm, 20mm; Focal length is followed successively by: 50mm, 250mm, 200mm, 30mm, 50mm, 250mm, 86mm, 100mm;
4) rotation clouded glass (10) is the frosted thin glass sheet of 1mm for thickness, and the transmitance of laser is 75%, is affixed on the speed rotation of the motor of frosted thin glass sheet with 1000rpm;
5) human eye (7) is that 800 degree myopia have 150 degree astigmatism concurrently, and its distance of distinct vision 125mm, linear adjustment displacement mechanism (6) make the optical path length d of the 3rd lens (5) to second lens (3)
1Be 130mm; Than PD under the dark situation at 6mm;
6) used aperture diaphragm (12) adopts 1mm to the 10mm aperture of adjusting continuously, be close to the 5th lens (11) after, diameter controls to 5.8mm;
7) used dichroic coupling beam divider (13), bore 25mm has 95% reflectance to the optical fundus illumination light of 808nm wavelength, and the sighting target light of 550nm wavelength is had 95% transmitance;
8) used PBS beam splitter (4), diameter 50mm, the extinction ratio of the P polarized light of when the optical fundus of 808nm wavelength illumination light sees through, telling is 1 * 10
-3
9) used liquid crystal corrector (15), the reflective LCOS device of pure phase-type, U.S. BNS company produces, model P512-0785;
10) used reflecting mirror (16), area 15mm * 15mm, thickness 2mm, reflectance 95%;
11) used Amici prism (18) is common Amici prism, and the inverse ratio that passes through of 808nm wavelength optical fundus illumination light is about 1: 1;
12) used wave front detector (19) is Hartmann's type, measurement error peak-to-valley value 0.05 λ, root-mean-square value 0.01 λ;
13) used imaging CCD camera (21), Britain ANDOR company produces, model EM-DV897,512 * 512 pixels, time of exposure 15ms.
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