CN101655523A - Detecting circuit for insulating resistance to ground of power cells - Google Patents
Detecting circuit for insulating resistance to ground of power cells Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detecting circuit for insulating resistance to ground of power cells, belonging to the field of power cells application. The circuit comprises a voltage sensor, a light-coupled MOS tube, a single chip, a resistor and a power supply, wherein a resistor R11 is connected to a 1st end of a voltage sensor N1; a 3rd end of the N1 is connected to the power supply -VCC; a 5th end of the N1 is connected to the power supply VCC; a 4th end of the N1 is connected to the single chip by a resistor R12; a resistor R21 is connected to a 1st end of a voltage sensor N2; a 2nd end of the N2 is connected to a 8th end of the light-coupled MOS tube N4; a 3rd end of the N2 is connected to the power supply -VCC; a 5th end of the N2 is connected to the power supply VCC; a 4th end of theN2 is connected to the single chip by grounding; both the 6th and 7th ends of the N4 are connected to point G by grounding; a 5th end of the N4 is connected to a 1st end of N3 by a resistor R31; a 2ndend of the N3 is connected to a B point on negative bar of the power cells to be detected; a 3rd end of the N3 is connected to the power supply -VCC; a 5th end of the N3 is connected to the power supply VCC; a 4th end of the N3 is connected to the circuit by a resistor R32; both the 1st and 3rd ends of the N4 are connected to the power supply VCC by a resistor R41; the 2nd and 4th ends of the N4are respectively connected to the digital outlets P0.1 and P0.2. The circuit of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high detecting precision, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric vehicle engineering field, particularly a kind of power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit.
Background technology
In today that global petroleum resources day is becoming tight, human environmental consciousness strengthens day by day, power battery pack has obtained widespread use in technical fields such as electric automobile, wind power generations.In the electric automobile field, the operating voltage of electrokinetic cell adopts the higher voltage standard generally more than direct current 300V, reduced electrical equipment working current, reduced the weight of electrical equipment and car load; In wind power generation field, the operating voltage of power battery pack more reaches about 1200V.Higher operating voltage is had higher requirement to the insulating property between power battery pack and the environment ground.Factors such as the high-voltage cable insulating medium is aging or be subjected to that wet environment influences all can cause the decreasing insulating between high voltage circuit and the environment ground, the power positive cathode lead-in wire will constitute the leakage current loop by insulation course and environment ground, the environment earth potential is risen, not only personnel's personal safety around the entail dangers to; And, when generation multiple spot insulating property seriously descend between high voltage circuit and the environment ground, also can cause the heat accumulation effect of loop of electric leakage, may cause electrical fire.Therefore, the electrical insulation properties that detects the relative environment of power battery pack ground in real time, quantitatively has great importance.
For the electric system of the high voltage direct current of loop, its insulating property characterize with the size of power supply Ground leakage current in the electrical system usually, the method for generally using two kinds of leakage currents to detect now: accessory power supply method and current sense method.In the leakage indicator that some electric locomotive of China adopts, use the detection booster battery of a direct current 110V, battery positive voltage links to each other with the negative pole of high-voltage DC power supply to be measured, and battery terminal negative is realized a bit being connected with the locomotive casing.Under the well behaved situation of system insulation to be measured, storage source does not have current return, and leakage current is zero; Under the situation such as aging or humid environment, accumulator forms the closed-loop path, produces leakage current by the cable insulation course at the feed cable insulation course, and detecting device is reported to the police according to the size of leakage current, and turn-offs the power supply for the treatment of examining system.This leakage indicator not only needs the accessory power supply of direct current 110V, has increased the complexity of system architecture; And it is positive wire cable or negative wire cable from power supply that this detection method is difficult to distinguish the insulation fault source.Adopting the Hall-type current sensor is the another kind of method of high-voltage direct current being carried out detection of electrical leakage, the positive pole and the equidirectional together current sensor that passes of negative pole of power supply in the examining system will be treated, when not having leakage current, equal to turn back to the electric current of power cathode from the electric current of positive source outflow, therefore, the total current of passing current sensor is zero, and the current sensor output voltage is zero; When leaky took place, the current sensor output voltage was non-vanishing.Can judge further that according to the positive and negative of this voltage the source that produces leakage current is from positive wire cable or negative wire cable, but, the prerequisite of using this detection method is that power supply to be measured must be in running order, the outflow and the inflow of working current are arranged, and it can't estimate the insulation against ground performance of power supply under the power supply light condition.In addition, also have patent applying high voltage positive source bus and negative pole bus respectively the mode of environment ground dividing potential drop to be judged the insulation degree, still, it can't detect positive electrode bus and the synchronous situation about descending of negative pole bus insulation against ground resistance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the weak point of prior art, a kind of power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit is provided, this testing circuit directly calculates the insulation resistance of power battery pack to environment ground, to determine to treat the insulating property of examining system; And it is simple to have circuit structure, detects loop and high-tension circuit and realizes isolating.Characteristics such as accuracy of detection height.
Power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit of the present invention is by the first voltage sensor N1, the second voltage sensor N2, tertiary voltage sensor N3, optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4, single-chip microcomputer N5, and first resistance R 11, second resistance R 12, the 3rd resistance R 21, the 4th resistance R 22, the 5th resistance R 31, the 6th resistance R 32, the 7th resistance R 41, power supply are formed; Wherein, power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of the first voltage sensor N1 by resistance R 11,2 ends of the first voltage sensor N1 link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and 3 termination powers of the first voltage sensor N1-VCC, first voltage sensor, 5 termination power VCC, first voltage sensor, 4 ends link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by resistance R 12; Power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of the second voltage sensor N2 by resistance R 21,2 ends of the second voltage sensor N2 link to each other with 8 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4, and 4 ends of 5 termination power VCC, the voltage sensor N2 of 3 termination powers of the second voltage sensor N2-VCC, the second voltage sensor N2 link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by resistance R 22.6,7 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 link to each other with environment ground G point simultaneously, 5 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 link to each other with 1 end of tertiary voltage sensor N3 by resistance R 31,2 ends of tertiary voltage sensor N3 link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and 5 termination power VCC, tertiary voltage sensor 4 ends of 3 termination powers-VCC of tertiary voltage sensor N3, tertiary voltage sensor N3 link to each other with control circuit ground by resistance R 32; 1,3 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 link to each other, and receive power supply VCC by resistance R 41 simultaneously, and 2 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 and 4 ends are received the digital output P0.1 and the P0.2 of single-chip microcomputer respectively.
Characteristics of the present invention and effect: the present invention is based in DC power system, the physical quantity of a kind of medium insulating property of quantitative description and electric conductivity is a resistance.The resistance of conductor is little, the resistance of insulator is big, and the size of insulator resistance has characterized the insulating property of medium, and resistance is big more, and insulating property are good more, and vice versa, claims that this resistance is insulation resistance.The present invention directly calculates insulation resistance by designing the impedance bridge circuit, detecting the Weak current that flows through insulation resistance.The present invention is applicable to the occasion of applying high voltage direct supplys such as electric automobile or wind-power electricity generation.
This circuit structure is simple, detects and realizes between loop and the high-tension circuit isolating.The detection algorithm of insulation resistance is simple, precision is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit schematic diagram that is used for of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the testing circuit schematic diagram that is used for power battery pack negative pole bus to environment ground insulation resistance R-of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the testing circuit schematic diagram that is used for the power battery pack positive electrode bus to environment ground insulation resistance R+ of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, will further narrate particular content of the present invention and embodiment.
The power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit that the present invention proposes is made up of voltage sensor N1, N2, N3, optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4, single-chip microcomputer N5 and resistance R 11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41 as shown in Figure 1; Wherein, power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of voltage sensor N1 by resistance R 11,2 ends of voltage sensor N1 link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and 3 termination powers of voltage sensor N1-VCC, 5 termination power VCC, 4 ends link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by resistance R 12; Power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of voltage sensor N2 by resistance R 21,2 ends of voltage sensor N2 link to each other with 8 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4, and 4 ends of 5 termination power VCC, the voltage sensor N2 of 3 termination powers of voltage sensor N2-VCC, voltage sensor N2 link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by resistance R 22.6,7 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 link to each other with environment ground G point simultaneously, 5 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 link to each other with 1 end of voltage sensor N3 by resistance R 31,2 ends of voltage sensor N3 link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and 3 termination powers of N3-VCC, 5 termination power VCC, 4 ends link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by resistance R 32; 1,3 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 link to each other, and receive power supply VCC by resistance R 41 simultaneously, and 2 ends of N4 and 4 ends are received the digital output P0.1 and the P0.2 of single-chip microcomputer respectively; Power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured has constituted the bridge-type impedance circuit to environment ground insulation resistance R+, power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured to environment ground insulation resistance R-.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
Power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of voltage sensor N1 by resistance R 11,2 ends of N1 link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and 3 termination powers of N1-VCC, 5 termination power VCC, 4 ends link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by resistance R 12.By detecting the voltage on the resistance R 12, obtain power battery pack total voltage U0 to be measured.
When single-chip microcomputer P0.1 output low level signal, Vcc forms current return by 1,2 ends of R41, optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor N4 to P0.1,7, the 8 end conductings of N4, voltage U 0 forms current return from 1 end, 2 ends of N2,7,8 ends of N4, process environment ground G point, the insulation resistance R-_ that the A point passes through R21, N2 to the B point, can calculate insulation resistance R-_ according to this current return.When single-chip microcomputer P0.2 output low level signal, Vcc forms current return by 3,4 ends of R41, N4 to P0.2,5, the 6 end conductings of N4, voltage U 0 forms current return by 5,6 ends of insulation resistance R+, environment ground G point, N4,1 end of R31, N3,2 ends of N3 to the B point from the A point, can calculate insulation resistance R+ according to this current return.Specifically be calculated as follows:
When A, B end applied high voltage U0, the A point produced electric current I 11 by 1 end of R11, N1,2 ends of voltage sensor N1 to the B point:
By the effect of voltage sensor N1, produce electric current I 12 at 4 ends of N1 and flow to the ground of single-chip microcomputer by resistance R 12, electric current I 11 and I12 satisfy:
I
12＝k·I
11 (2)
Wherein, k is a scale-up factor, by the model decision of voltage sensor N1.
The voltage U 12 at resistance R 12 two ends obtains by the single-chip microcomputer sampling, and its numerical value is:
U
12＝R
12·I
12 (3)
By formula (1)---(3) obtain:
When single-chip microcomputer output P0.1 is that low level, P0.2 are high level when being high level, the equivalence of insulation resistance R+, R-and this circuit is connected as shown in Figure 2.Voltage U 0 produces electric current I 21 through environment ground G point, insulation resistance R_ to the B point by 1 end of R21, N2,2 ends of N2 from the A point:
By the effect of voltage sensor N2, produce electric current I 22 at 4 ends of N2 and flow to the ground of single-chip microcomputer by resistance R 22, electric current I 21 and I22 satisfy:
I
22＝k·I
21 (6)
Wherein, k is a scale-up factor, by the model decision of voltage sensor.
The voltage U 22 at resistance R 22 two ends obtains by the single-chip microcomputer sampling, and its numerical value is:
U
22＝R
22·I
22 (7)
By formula (4)---(7) obtain:
Gather voltage U 12 and U22 by single-chip microcomputer, can calculate voltage R_ according to formula (8).
When single-chip microcomputer output P0.1 is that high level, P0.2 are low level when being high level, the equivalence of insulation resistance R+, R-and this circuit is connected as shown in Figure 3.Voltage U 0 produces electric current I 31 by 1 end of insulation resistance R+, environment ground G point, R31, N3,2 ends of N3 to the B point from the A point:
By the effect of voltage sensor N3, produce electric current I 32 at 4 ends of N3 and flow to the ground of single-chip microcomputer by resistance R 32, electric current I 31 and I32 satisfy:
I
32＝k·I
31 (10)
Wherein, k is a scale-up factor, by the model decision of voltage sensor.
The voltage U 32 at resistance R 32 two ends obtains by the single-chip microcomputer sampling, and its numerical value is:
U
32＝R
32·I
32 (11)
By formula (4), (9)---(11) obtain:
Gather voltage U 12 and U32 by single-chip microcomputer, can calculate voltage R+ according to formula (12).
This embodiment of circuit is respectively described below:
Voltage sensor N1, N2 and N3 adopt the isolated magnetic compensation Hall element of CHV-25P type of Beijing Electronics Co., Ltd. of gloomy society, 1,2 termination high-tension measurement loops, and rated operational current is 10mA, the electrorheological ratio is seen k=2.5.5 termination power Vcc, 3 termination powers-Vcc, 4 ends are for measuring output terminal.1, the 2 end input voltages of N1, N2 and N3 can reach 4000V.Suppose high pressure U0=500V, power taking resistance R11=50k Ω, I11=10mA, I12=25mA, power taking resistance R12=160 Ω calculates U12=4V, can satisfy the requirement of single-chip microcomputer input.In like manner, power taking resistance R21 and R31 are 50k Ω respectively, and resistance R 22 and R32 are 160 Ω.
The AQW258 that the optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor adopts MAT to produce, when 1,2 ends flow through electric current, 7,8 end conductings; When 3,4 ends flow through electric current, 5,6 end conductings.5,6 ends, maximum voltage can reach 1500V between 7,8 ends, and maximum current is 0.16A.
Single-chip microcomputer adopts 16 single-chip microcomputer XC164CS-32F of Infenion company; The control circuit of single-chip microcomputer is a custom circuit.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit, it is characterized in that, by first voltage sensor (N1), second voltage sensor (N2), tertiary voltage sensor (N3), optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor (N4), single-chip microcomputer (N5), and first resistance (R11), second resistance (R12), the 3rd resistance (R21), the 4th resistance (R22), the 5th resistance (R31), the 6th resistance (R32), the 7th resistance (R41), power supply are formed; Wherein, power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of first voltage sensor (N1) by resistance R 11,2 ends of first voltage sensor (N1) link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and the 3 termination powers-VCC of first voltage sensor (N1), first voltage sensor (N1), 5 termination power VCC, first voltage sensor (N1), 4 ends link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by second resistance (R12); Power battery pack positive electrode bus A point to be measured links to each other with 1 end of second voltage sensor (N2) by the 3rd resistance (R21), 2 ends of second voltage sensor (N2) link to each other with 8 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor (N4), and 5 termination power VCC of the 3 termination powers-VCC of second voltage sensor (N2), second voltage sensor (N2), 4 ends of second voltage sensor (N2) link to each other with single-chip microcomputer ground by the 4th resistance (R22); 6,7 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor (N4) link to each other with environment ground G point simultaneously, 5 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor (N4) link to each other with 1 end of tertiary voltage sensor (N3) by the 5th resistance R 31,2 ends of tertiary voltage sensor (N3) link to each other with power battery pack negative pole bus B point to be measured, and 5 termination power VCC, tertiary voltage sensor 4 ends of the 3 termination powers-VCC of tertiary voltage sensor (N3), tertiary voltage sensor (N3) link to each other with control circuit ground by the 6th resistance (R32); 1,3 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor (N4) link to each other, and receive power supply VCC by the 7th resistance (R41) simultaneously, and 2 ends of optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor (N4) and 4 ends are received the digital output P0.1 and the P0.2 of single-chip microcomputer respectively.
According to the described circuit of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, in the described circuit, the A point has constituted the bridge-type impedance circuit to environment ground insulation resistance R+, B point to environment ground insulation resistance R-.
According to claim 1 or 2 described circuit, it is characterized in that 3, described first, second, third voltage sensor adopts isolated magnetic compensation Hall element, 1, the 2 ends input maximum voltage of these three voltage sensors is 4000V.
4, power battery pack insulation against ground resistance detecting circuit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the optocoupler metal-oxide-semiconductor adopts AQW258,5,6 ends, and maximum voltage is 1500V between 7,8 ends.
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| CN2009100925675A CN101655523B (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Detecting circuit for insulating resistance to ground of power cells |
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| CN2009100925675A CN101655523B (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Detecting circuit for insulating resistance to ground of power cells |
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| CN102841259A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-26 | 冶金自动化研究设计院 | Device and method for detecting insulation resistance of direct current system |
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| CN101655523B (en) | 2011-07-20 |
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