CN101641850A - Ultra fast battery charger with battery sensing part - Google Patents

Ultra fast battery charger with battery sensing part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101641850A
CN101641850A CN200880009819A CN200880009819A CN101641850A CN 101641850 A CN101641850 A CN 101641850A CN 200880009819 A CN200880009819 A CN 200880009819A CN 200880009819 A CN200880009819 A CN 200880009819A CN 101641850 A CN101641850 A CN 101641850A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
rechargeable battery
terminal
charger
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CN200880009819A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
D·N·克莱恩
J·T·鲍瑞库夫
J·M·罗托多
D·C·罗特森
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Gillette Co LLC
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Gillette Co LLC
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Publication of CN101641850A publication Critical patent/CN101641850A/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method that is used for rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells.This method comprises: determine corresponding battery capacity based on the identifying information that receives from rechargeable battery; Determining to be applied to charging current level on the rechargeable battery based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence makes battery obtain the pre-determined charge that reaches in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section; And will have basically that the charging current of determined approximately levels of current is applied on the battery.

Description

Ultra fast battery charger with battery sensing part
Background technology
Lithium ion chargeable battery charges with following power supply: described power supply provides constant current, constant voltage (CC/CV) is provided then, therebetween at the alternation (that is, when the voltage of battery reach about 4.2V charging operations from constant-current mode switch to constant-voltage mode) of about 4.2V place experience from the constant voltage to the constant current.Can provide the power supply of this charging feature to control by electrical feedback mechanism.For the rechargeable battery that charges in the section in preset time, and for fear of battery being caused damage, need careful and accurately regulate the charging mechanism of charging device because of applying incorrect charging current.In order to help accurately regulating charging current, need accurately measure the voltage and/or the electric current of battery.In addition, because battery has different capacity and needs the charging current of varying level, therefore need to utilize precise information to make charging operations finish and avoid damaging rechargeable battery and/or charger in the section in preset time about battery capacity.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of ultrafast charger, described charger can given charging interval section for example in 5 minutes with battery charge to 90% capacity of different rechargeable batteries and/or different charging capacitys.
In one aspect, the invention discloses a kind of method that is used for rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells.This method comprises: determine corresponding battery capacity based on the identifying information that receives from rechargeable battery; Determine to be applied to charging current level on the rechargeable battery based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence, make battery obtain the pre-determined charge that in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section, reaches; The charging current of determined approximately levels of current will be applied on the battery with having basically.
Embodiment can comprise following one or more.
Determining that corresponding battery capacity can comprise is applied to the identification voltage drop that (the identification resistor represent corresponding battery capacity) and measurement on the identification resistor of rechargeable battery are discerned the resistor place with measuring current.
Determine charging current can comprise based on identification voltage drop from look-up table, retrieve corresponding to the value that will be applied to the charging current level on the rechargeable battery.
Determining that charging current can comprise based on identification voltage drop and the test current calculation measured goes out resistance value, and selects to be applied to charging current level on the rechargeable battery based on the resistance value that calculates from look-up table.
This method also can comprise the temperature of determining rechargeable battery, and adjusts charging current based on determined temperature.
This method stops charging current after also can being included in and having passed through the charging interval section that is substantially equal to described charging interval section.
The pre-determined charge of battery can be battery battery capacity at least 90%, and the charging interval section can be about 5 minutes.
Apply charging current and comprise that first group of terminal by charger apparatus is applied to charging current on the rechargeable battery, first group of terminal is configured to apply electric current.This method can comprise that also second group of terminal is configured to measuring voltage by the voltage at the terminal place of second group of sense terminal monitoring rechargeable battery of charger apparatus.
On the other hand, the invention discloses a kind of method that is used for rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells.This method comprises: first group of charging terminal by charger apparatus is applied to charging current on the rechargeable battery, and first group of terminal is configured to apply electric current; And the voltage at the terminal place of the second group of sense terminal monitoring rechargeable battery by charger apparatus, second group of terminal is configured to measuring voltage.
As the aspect of above-mentioned first method, the embodiment of another kind of method can comprise corresponding to as about any parts of the described arbitrary parts in aspect of first method.
On the other hand, the invention discloses the charger apparatus that is configured to rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells, rechargeable battery comprises battery identification mechanism, and described mechanism is configured to pass on the identifying information of the representative corresponding battery capacity relevant with rechargeable battery.This device comprises: be configured to admit the charging compartments of rechargeable battery, described charging compartments comprises the charging terminal of the battery terminal separately that is configured to be coupled to rechargeable battery; And battery identification reading mechanism, described mechanism is configured to communicate by letter with the battery identification mechanism of rechargeable battery and can receive identifying information.This device also comprises controller, and described controller is configured to determine corresponding battery capacity, determine to be applied to charging current level on the rechargeable battery based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence and make battery obtain the pre-determined charge that reaches in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section and will have basically that the charging current of determined approximately levels of current is applied on the rechargeable battery based on the identifying information of the rechargeable battery of being passed on.
As the each side of this method, the embodiment of this device can comprise corresponding to as mentioned about any parts of the described arbitrary parts of these methods and with lower member.
This device can comprise rechargeable battery.
Aspect another, the invention discloses the charger apparatus that is configured to rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells.This device comprises the charging compartments that is configured to admit rechargeable battery, and described charging compartments comprises the second group of sense terminal that is configured to first group of charging terminal and being configured to that electric current is applied to the terminal separately of rechargeable battery measured the voltage of rechargeable battery.This device also comprises controller, and described controller is configured to by first group of charging terminal charging current is applied on the rechargeable battery, and by the voltage between the terminal of second group of sense terminal monitoring rechargeable cell.
The embodiment of this device can comprise corresponding to as mentioned about any parts of the described arbitrary parts of these method and apparatus.
Aspect another, the invention discloses a kind of charger device.This equipment comprises the rechargeable battery with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells, and rechargeable battery has battery identification mechanism, and described mechanism is configured to pass on the identifying information of the representative corresponding battery capacity relevant with rechargeable battery.This equipment also comprises: be configured to admit the charging compartments of rechargeable battery, described charging compartments comprises the charging terminal of the terminal separately that is configured to be coupled to rechargeable battery; And battery identification reading mechanism, described mechanism is configured to communicate by letter with the battery identification mechanism of rechargeable battery, and can receive identifying information.This equipment also comprises controller, and described controller is configured to determine corresponding battery capacity, determine to be applied to charging current level on the rechargeable battery based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence and make battery obtain the pre-determined charge that reaches in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section and will have basically that the charging current of determined approximately levels of current is applied on the battery based on the identifying information of rechargeable battery.
The embodiment of this equipment can comprise corresponding to as mentioned about any parts of the described arbitrary parts of these method and apparatus.
An additional aspect, the invention discloses the butt joint support system.Docking system comprises the charging compartments that is configured to admit the available battery-operated device with at least one rechargeable battery, and charging compartments comprises: be connected to the connector on the corresponding connector of available battery-operated device; And be configured to the identification of communicating by letter with the identification mechanism of available battery-operated device and read mechanism, described identification mechanism is configured to pass on the identifying information of the representative battery capacity relevant with at least one rechargeable battery.The butt joint support system also comprises controller, described controller is configured to determine corresponding battery capacity and determine to be applied to charging current level on described at least one rechargeable battery of available battery-operated device based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence based on the identifying information of being passed on, and makes described at least one rechargeable battery obtain the pre-determined charge that reaches in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section.
The embodiment of butt joint support system can comprise corresponding to as mentioned about any parts of these methods, device and the described arbitrary parts of equipment and with lower member.
This system also can comprise available battery-operated device.Available battery-operated device comprises a kind of in for example following: mobile phone, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), digital camera, audio devices and/or multimedia device.
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention is set forth in accompanying drawing and the following explanation.By reading specification, accompanying drawing and claims, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an exemplary of charger device, and described equipment comprises charger and battery.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of an exemplary of charger shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is a kind of circuit diagram of exemplary circuit of the charger of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an exemplary of AC/DC change over switch.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of an exemplary of charging rules.
Fig. 6 is the view in order to an exemplary of the butt joint base of admitting available battery-operated device.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the charger 10 that is configured to battery 12 chargings with at least one electrochemical cell.Battery 12 can be secondary battery cell (or battery) or primary cell unit.The primary electrochemical cells unit means that only discharge (for example to exhausting) once, goes out of use then.The primary cell unit does not plan to recharge.The primary cell unit for example is described among the Handbook of Batteries of David Linden (McGraw-Hill, the 2nd edition, 1995).Secondary electrochemical cells can repeatedly be recharged, for example surpass 50 times, surpass 100 times or more times.In some cases, secondary battery cell can comprise firm relatively spacer body, for example has those and/or thicker relatively those of many layers.Secondary battery cell can be designed so that also it can adapt to the variation that may take place in battery unit, as swelling.Secondary battery cell is described in for example Falk﹠amp; " Alkaline Storage Batteries " (John Wiley﹠amp of Salkind; Sons, Inc.1969); United States Patent (USP) 345,124; In French Patent (FRP) 164,681, these patents are all incorporated this paper into way of reference in view of the above.In embodiment as herein described, battery 12 is secondary or rechargeable battery.
In some embodiments, rechargeable battery 12 comprises lithium ionic cell unit, and described battery has graphite anode material or lithium titanate anode material and LiFePO4 cathode material, and they are suitable for making the rechargeable battery based on this type of material to recharge fast.Charger 10 also can be configured to the dissimilar battery that charges, and comprises for example cylindrical battery, prismatic battery, button cell or the like.
Battery 12 is received within the charging compartments of charger 10, make charging terminal 14a and 14b electric coupling and be mechanical coupling to the terminal 18a and the 18b of battery 12 respectively, and sense terminal 16a and 16b electric coupling and be mechanical coupling to the sense terminal 20a and 20 of battery 12 respectively.In some embodiments, terminal 18a, 18b, 20a and 20 are bearing pin, and described bearing pin is suitable for to cooperate configuration to be connected with 16b with corresponding terminal 14a, 14b, 16a in the charging compartments that is positioned at charger 10.Charger 10 determines to be applied to the suitable charging currents on the battery 12, and this charging current is applied on the battery 12 via the terminal 18 and 18 of battery 12 by terminal 14a and 14b.Be electrically coupled to the voltage sensor measurement terminal 20 of terminal 16a and 16b and the voltage at 20b place (described voltage is corresponding to the terminal 18a of battery 12 and the voltage at 18b place).Based on the voltage of measuring, charging voltage and/or electric current that 10 pairs of chargers are applied on the battery 12 carry out necessary adjusting, so that charger 10 can be finished the charging operations of battery 12 according to the specific charging feature (for example, obtaining 80% to 90% charging capacity in less than 15 minutes time) of battery 12.In some embodiments, charger 10 also can comprise one or more current sensors, and described transducer is connected on the charging terminal 14a and 14b of charger 10.Though what Fig. 1 showed is monocell 12, charger 10 can be suitable for admitting and charge additional rechargeable batteries.In addition, charger 10 also can be configured to admit and the different battery types that charges, and comprises cylindrical battery, prismatic battery, coin battery or button cell etc.
Charger 10 is configured to having the battery charge of different capabilities.Charger can determine to be connected to the capacity of the rechargeable battery 12 on the charger 10.Based on determined battery capacity, charger 10 determines to be applied to the levels of current on the rechargeable battery 12, makes the pre-determined charge (for example, 90% capacity) of battery 12 for example reaching in about 5 minutes.In order to obtain this charging performance, need (wherein 1C be the charge rate corresponding to the charging current that can cause specific rechargeable battery to charge finishing in 1 hour corresponding to the about charging current of 10C to 15C, and the charge rate of 12C is corresponding to the levels of current that can in 5 minutes (that is, a hour 1/12) the particular battery charging be finished).
Because this charger is configured to having the battery charge of different capabilities, and the capacity of battery 12 can be a kind of in the multiple possible capacity, therefore needs apply according to the capacity of battery 12 charging current of varying level.Usually, the capacity of battery is in the scope of 50mAh to 3Ah, and wherein " Ah " is battery capacity unit's ampere-hour.Also applicable to other capacity.Therefore, for example, for the charge rate (that is, in about five minutes) of 12C with the battery charge of 500mAh capacity to greater than 90% of full capacity, need about 6A charging current (that is, 6A*1/12 hour=500mAh).On the other hand, for battery, need the charging current of about 8.5A with the charge rate of 12C charging 700mAh.
Charger 10 also is configured to control charging process, comprise and regulate voltage and/or the electric current that is applied on the battery 12, with guarantee (a) battery 12 is charged to its predetermined charge level, (b) battery in preset time in the section voltage be no more than pre-determined upper voltage limit, with and/or (c) voltage advance the speed (promptly, carrying out along with charging operations, the speed that the voltage at the charging terminal place of battery 12 increases) meet appointment charging feature (for example, it increases with special speed) in the one 1 minute of charging operations.
The control charging process need be monitored the voltage at the terminal place of battery 12.Therefore, required in order to carry out to being applied to the voltage on the battery 12 and/or the adjusting of electric current, need accurately measure the voltage at the terminal place of battery 12.Yet, because the charging terminal of charger has the resistance of can not ignore, therefore voltage sensor spare is coupled in the situation of charging terminal of charger therein, and the voltage drop of measurement will comprise the voltage drop by the charging terminal place of the caused charger 10 of the resistance of the charging terminal of charger.Therefore, the charger that comprises the voltage sensor spare of the charging terminal that is directly coupled to charger can cause measure error to a certain degree.
Therefore, in order to reduce the inexactness effect of voltage measurement, charger 10 uses one group of terminal (that is, terminal 14a and 14b) to apply charging current, and use one group independently dedicated terminals (that is, terminal 16a and 16b) measure the voltage of battery.Two charging terminal 14a of charger 10 and 14b are suitable for being coupled to the charging terminal 18a and the 18b of the correspondence of battery 12, and two of charger 10 independently sense terminal 16a and 16b are suitable for being electrically coupled to the special-purpose sense terminal 20a and the 20b of the correspondence of battery 12.This 4 terminal arrangement (configuration as shown in Figure 1) are sometimes referred to as the Kelvin configuration, or Kelvin connects.The charging terminal 14a of the sense terminal 16a of charger 10 and 16b and charger 10 and 14b electricity are isolated, and therefore can reduce voltage measurement error, and described error can be because of these two groups of coupled to each other causing of terminal.Use independently charging terminal and independently sense terminal charging process is regulated accurately.Terminal 18a and sense terminal 20a electrical communication, and terminal 18b similarly with sense terminal 20b electrical communication, so Voltage Feedback is corresponding to the voltage at the charging terminal place of battery 12.
In some embodiments, additional terminal in the charging compartments of charger or bearing pin can be used to determine battery capacity, with and/or relevant information of other relevant battery 12.Specifically, charger 10 comprises the battery identification reading mechanism of ID sense terminal 22, described reading mechanism is configured to mechanical couplings and is electrically coupled to the identification mechanism of battery 12, described identification mechanism be configured to charger 10 provide the capacity of representing battery, type, model, with and/or the identifying information of other data, described data are with closely related to the charging operations that rechargeable battery 12 is carried out.Charger 10 is configured to communicate by letter with battery identification mechanism and can receive identifying information.Based on the identifying information that receives from battery 12, charger 10 determines to be applied to the charging current on the battery 12.
This type of example of battery identification mechanism is a battery ID resistor 26, described resistor have the correspondence of representing battery 12 battery capacity, type, with and/or the resistance value of model.ID resistor 26 can be arranged on the inside of the housing of battery 12, or it can be arranged on the outside of battery 12.In example shown in Figure 1, ID resistor 26 is electrically coupled to reserve battery ID terminal 24, and described terminal is suitable for mechanical couplings and is electrically coupled to the terminal 22 of charger 10.
ID resistor 26 is electrically coupled to the power terminal 18b and the sense terminal 20b of battery 10.Therefore, by the terminal 22 of charger 10 when the ID of battery 12 terminal 24 applies curtage, between the terminal 18b and 24 of battery 12, form closed electric pathway, thereby cause electric current to flow through ID resistor 26.In order to obtain to represent the capacity of battery and/or the information of identity, charger 10 passes through ID terminal 24 with the presumptive test electric current I TestBe applied on the ID resistor 26.The voltage drop V at ID resistor 26 two ends R1The voltage sensor that the charger 10 of terminal 22 is coupled in use is measured.The voltage drop of the measurement at ID resistor 26 places is communicated to charger 10, and described charger uses the voltage of measuring according to R1=V R1/ I TestCalculate the resistance of ID resistor 26.
Can use the resistance R 1 that calculates to consult to have the look-up table of each data relevant with a plurality of different resistance values corresponding to ID resistor 26.These type of data can comprise the corresponding battery capacity relevant with resistance value, allow the charging current value that is applied on the battery, with and/or can with the closely-related out of Memory of charging process.Alternatively, can use the voltage V of measurement R1Consult look-up table.
In some embodiments, ID resistor 26 is a thermistor, and its resistance can change with the temperature that changes.Therefore, this ID thermistor can be used for discerning the temperature that cell types to be charged and monitoring battery are arranged simultaneously.Charger 10 is determined the temperature of battery based on the changes in resistance of thermistor.For example, the definite of temperature to battery can following mode carry out: measure the voltage by the caused thermistor of the electric current that applies certain predeterminated level place, and be complementary with the voltage measured or based on resistance and look-up table that the voltage of measuring and the galvanometer that applied are calculated, value that described look-up table will be measured at specific battery capacity or type and corresponding temperature correlation join.When the temperature of battery reaches when being considered to unsafe level, charger 10 promptly reduces based on determined temperature or or stops charging current so that the temperature of battery descends.In some embodiments, can implement charger 10 and need not thermal control and/or hot mechanism for monitoring, therefore in this type of embodiment, not carry out the operation and the corresponding operation response of the temperature of determining battery and/or charger.
Also can utilize the battery identification mechanism of other type.Suitable battery identification mechanism can comprise radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID) mechanism, and wherein the RFID device is passed on the signal of telecommunication of the charged state/performance state etc. of the capacity of representing battery, type, battery to charger 10 in response to activation signal (for example, radio signal).Other suitable identification mechanism comprises implements the mechanism that serial communication technology is discerned battery, and on behalf of the capacity of battery and/or the recognition data of type, intelligent battery SMBus standard for example so that be communicated to charger 10 by the serial data communication interface.In some embodiments, determining and can following mode carry out charging current: but at least a in the battery electrical characteristics of the capacity of pilot cell and/or type (for example, the DC charging resistor of battery) measured.A kind ofly can determine exercise question that the detailed Description Of The Invention of the exemplary charger device of charging current is provided in to submit to simultaneously adaptively in the patent application of " Adaptive Charger Device and Method " based on the characteristic of the measurement of battery, the content of this patent application is incorporated this paper into way of reference in view of the above in full.
Also as shown in Figure 1, charger 10 comprises user interface 30.User interface 30 comprises output device such as LED, and they provide to the user and close the charger 10 be connected thereto and/or the state information of battery 12.User interface 30 for example comprises " charger unlatching " blue led 32, when charger be in service thereby be connected to external power source such as the AC power supplies that is connected to by AC power supplies port 28 on the charger 10 on the time, described LED is lighted.The user interface comprises for example red LED 34, and when the battery that can not be applicable to charger 10 was inserted in the charging compartments, described LED was activated to produce stable red light.This battery can comprise for example disposable not rechargeable battery or rechargeable battery, the ID resistor 26 of described rechargeable battery have the configuration of representing charger 10 the capacity of the battery that can not handle or the value of type.When being inserted into defective batteries in the charging compartments, red LED 34 also can be activated to produce the red light of flicker.For example, the initial voltage level is lower than the battery of 2V for example may be in damaged condition, so charger 10 can not begin charging operations, is removed up to impaired battery under a cloud.Red LED also can be lighted when detecting fault state, and described fault state can influence operation and/or the infringement charger or the battery of charger unfriendly.This type of fault state comprises the overheating conditions (for example, if detect temperature above 60 ℃) of the abnormal voltage level, battery and/or the charger that detect the battery terminal place etc.To in order to detect and response occurs in exercise question that the detailed Description Of The Invention to the exemplary rules of the fault state in the process of battery charge is provided in to submit to simultaneously in the patent application of " Fast Battery Charger Device andMethod ", the content of this patent application is incorporated this paper into way of reference in view of the above in full.
User interface 30 also comprises yellow led 36, when charger just with the electric current of for example 6A during with battery 12 chargings, described LED is lighted.This charging current can be indicated: the interior battery of charging compartments that is placed on charger 10 has the capacity of 500mAh, and it will finish charging operations under charging current of 6A in about 5 minutes.User interface 30 also comprises green LED 38.When charger just with the electric current of for example 8.5A during with battery 12 chargings, described LED is lighted.This charging current can be indicated: the interior battery of charging compartments that is placed on charger 10 has the capacity of 700mAh, and it also will finish charging operations under charging current of 8.5A in about 5 minutes.User interface 30 can comprise additional LED, they can be separately corresponding to different situation (for example, different fault state), different battery capacity etc.In addition, also can improve color as herein described and/or illumination scheme, so that different colors can be corresponding to different battery capacities or different situations.
User interface 30 can comprise the display unit that is configured to provide to the user output information.For example, impaired battery under a cloud therein or illegal battery have been placed in the situation in the charging compartments, and the user interface can make the message of " defective batteries " or " illegal battery " be revealed.
User interface 30 also can comprise user input area (not shown), and described district can comprise switch, button and/or knob, the user can by they indicate charging interval for example, with and/or the parameter of other type relevant with charging process.Therefore, if user expectation with the speed that is different from the speed that can in about 5 minutes, cause battery to become at least 90% charging with battery charge, then the user can make such indication by the user input area at interface 30.Identity (it can be determined as follows by identification mechanism such as ID resistor: determine scheme specific battery type and/or capacity by the user input area or by other battery) based on battery, charger can be consulted look-up table, and described look-up table can index suitable charging current value based on charging interval and battery identity and/or capacity.In some embodiments, can use computing technique to determine suitable charging current.The user input area at user interface 30 can comprise that also input element (for example, switch) is to enable or to forbid charger 10.
In some embodiments, charger 10 can be suitable for charging and be placed on battery in socket or certain device (for example mobile phone, wherein rechargeable battery is retained in the mobile phone during charging operations).In this type of embodiment, the battery that is embedded in the device is electrically coupled to the 5 bearing pin terminals that for example are arranged on the device case.Alternatively, this battery can be coupled to the parent form connector to avoid battery short circuit.In these cases, charger can comprise the butt joint base, and described butt joint base is powered and is a structured into by AC or CLA (the automobile cigarette light adapter of 12V) and can admit the device with the rechargeable battery of setting.This device can be placed in the butt joint base to cooperate configuration.The butt joint base starts ID to be checked, and applies the charging current based on the determined correspondence of battery capacity (as checked the capacity of determining by ID), with the battery of this device of charging in about 5 minutes.Referring to Fig. 6, it has shown exemplary butt joint base 100 and available battery-operated device such as PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 102, and described device is configured to be admitted with the butt joint base cooperate configuration for 100 one-tenth.The butt joint base comprises connector 104, and described connector is coupled to the corresponding connector (also not shown) that is arranged on the available battery-operated device (being PDA102 in this case).In some embodiments, available battery-operated device comprises a kind of in following: mobile phone, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), digital camera, audio devices and multimedia device.In some embodiments, charger 10 can make charging current slowly increase to prevent the connector arc discharge of charger.
Fig. 2 describes the details of an exemplary of charger 10.Charger 10 comprises the power conversion module 40 of AC-DC transducer 42, described transducer is coupled to AC power supplies such as the power supply that power is provided with specified 85V-265V and 50Hz to 60Hz in the external electric of charger, and can be with this AC power transfer for (for example hanging down dc voltage, 5V-24V), and for example this low D.C. voltage can be inputed to DC-DC transducer 44 for example so that level (the approximately dc voltage level between 3.7V-4.2V that for example, is used for above-mentioned lithium ionic cell unit that is applicable to the rechargeable battery charging to be provided.The battery unit of other type can have different voltage levvls.) AC-DC transducer 42 can be embodied as the AC/DC change over switch of separation, described change over switch is configured to accept the input power of the first alternating voltage form, and it is transformed to lower constant dc voltage.An exemplary of AC/DC change over switch 70 is shown among Fig. 4.AC-DC transducer 42 comprises the electricity isolation between AC incoming line and the DC output, to prevent to import the DC output area that the AC electric current reaches AC-DC transducer 42.
AC-DC transducer 42 can comprise that also the feedback mechanism (not shown) is to regulate the DC output voltage of transducer 42, so that the substantial constant voltage levvl can be provided to output place of transducer.
In some embodiments, DC-DC transducer 44 being incorporated in the power conversion module 40, is the DC power level that is applicable to the charging rechargeable battery with the DC power source conversion with outside DC power supply such as automobile.For example, the DC power supply of automobile can provide the DC power of about 11.5V-14.3V, thereby DC-DC transducer 44 can be suitable power level with this power level transition.Also can adopt other power source conversion configuration.
In some embodiments, power conversion module 40 is arranged in the shell of charger 10.Alternatively, power conversion module 40 can be arranged in the independently shell that is suitable for being electrically connected on the charger 10.
Charger 10 comprises controller 50, and described controller determines to be applied to the charging current on the battery 12, and determined charging current is applied on the battery 12.Controller 50 also can make charging current be terminated after having passed through appointment or predetermined amount of time.Even stop in case controller 50 also can be configured to reach predetermined cell voltage or charge level charging current.As described herein, determining and can following mode carry out charging current: use the identification mechanism of the data that for example can pass on the capacity of representing battery 12 and/or type to discern the capacity and/or the type of the battery in the charging compartments that is placed on charger 10.
Controller 50 comprises processor device 52, and described device is configured to control the charging operations that battery 12 is carried out.Processor device 52 can be the calculating and/or the processing unit of any kind, for example from the PIC18F1320 microcontroller of Microchip Technology Inc..The processor device 52 that is used for the concrete enforcement of controller 50 comprises easy mistake and/or the non-volatile memory element that is configured to storing software, described software comprises the computer instruction of the general operation that is used for realizing the processor based devices and in order to carry out the concrete implementation procedure of charging operations to being connected to battery 12 on the charger, described charging operations is included in charging operations and the identification that obtains at least 90% charging capacity in about 5 minutes or in other words determines the capacity of battery 12 and/or the operation of type.
Processor 52 comprises mould-number (A/D) transducer 54, and described transducer has a plurality of modulus input and output lines.A/D converter 54 is configured to from the voltage sensor received signal of transducer such as sense terminal 16a that is coupled to charger 10 and the 16b that is coupled to battery 12, to help regulating and controlling charging operations.In some embodiments, controller 50 can comprise that also digital signal processor (DSP) is to carry out some or all processing capacities of control device.
Controller 50 also comprise number-Mo (D/A) converter apparatus 56, with and/or pulse-width modulator (PWM) 58, described device and/or modulator receive the digital signal that is generated by processor device 52 and correspondingly generate the signal of telecommunication, and the described signal of telecommunication is regulated switching circuit such as the step-down controller 60 of charger 10.
In some embodiments, charger 10 can comprise automatic load/unload mechanism (not shown), automatically battery and/or charging compartments are displaced to the second place from first entry position on the charger 10, make the corresponding terminal electrical communication of terminal (charging terminal and/or sense terminal) Yu charger 10 of battery.When charging operations finishes, charger 10 will make automatic load/unload mechanism unloading battery, therefore battery is displaced to their entry position from their second place, as the exercise question of submitting to simultaneously be in the patent application of " Battery Charger with Mechanism toAutomatically Load and Unload Batteries " disclosed, the content of this patent application full text is in view of the above incorporated into way of reference.
Fig. 3 shows step-down controller 60, it comprises two for example bipolar junction transistors (BJT) 62 and 64 and inductor 66, described inductor is in power conversion module 40 stored energy during with step-down controller 60 electrical communication, and discharges this energy in 60 electricity confinement periods of power conversion module 40 and step-down controller with current forms.Step-down controller 60 shown in Figure 3 also comprises capacitor 68, and described capacitor is also as energy storage elements.Inductor 66 and capacitor 68 be also as output filter, with the switching current and the mains ripple of output place that reduces step-down controller 60.
The energy that is transferred to battery 12 from power transfer module 40 is controlled by the voltage levvl that control is applied on transistor 62 and 64 base stages.For the power that is derived from power conversion module 40 is applied on the terminal 18a and 18b of battery 12, the startup signal of telecommunication that is derived from the terminal 50d (being labeled as SW1) of controller 50 is applied on the base stage of transistor 62, thereby causes electric current to flow to transistor 62 and flow to battery 12 from power conversion module 40.
During enabling signal on cancelling the base stage that is applied to transistor 62, the electric current that is derived from power conversion module 40 will stop, and inductor 66 and/or capacitor 68 provide electric current by the energy that is stored in them.Blocking interval at transistor 62, second initiating signal is applied on the base stage of transistor 64 by the terminal 50e (being labeled as SW2) of controller 50, so that electric current can flow through (using the energy that is stored in inductor 66 and/or the capacitor 68 during the connection of transistor 62) battery 12.In some embodiments, use rectifier diode to come place of transistor 64, this diode can provide and transistor 64 similar functionality.
During transistorized the opening or work period since 0% work period upwards climb, simultaneously controller or feedback loop are measured output current and voltage.In case reached the determined charging current that will be applied on the battery 12, feedback control loop just uses the loop circuit linear feedback scheme to manage transistor duty cycle, for example, and usage ratio integral differential or PID mechanism.In case the voltage at the terminal place of charger voltage output or battery reaches alternating voltage, can adopt similar controlling organization to come the work period of oxide-semiconductor control transistors.
Therefore, the electric current that during the connection of transistor 62, provides and the effective current that should cause being substantially equal to required charging current at the electric current that the blocking interval of transistor 62 is provided by inductor 66 and/or capacitor 68 by power conversion module 40.
In some embodiments, controller 50 periodically (for example receives, every 0.1 second) flow through the measured value of the electric current of battery 12, described electric current is for example measured by current sensor, and described transducer is passed on measured value by the terminal 50c (being labeled as " current sensor ") of controller 50.Based on the electric current of this measurement that receives, controller 50 is regulated duty cycle to cause the adjusting to the electric current that flows through battery 12, so that this electric current converges to the value that is substantially equal to the charging current level.Therefore buck converter 60 is configured to and can causes adjustable levels of current to be supplied to battery 12 along with adjustable work period operation.
Except voltage sensor and/or current sensor, charger 10 also can comprise other transducer of other attribute that is configured to measure battery 12 and/or charger 10.For example, charger 10 can comprise temperature sensor, and described sensors coupled is to battery 12 and/or arranged the circuit board of controller 50 on it.As described, battery 12 comprises thermistor with as in the situation of ID resistor 26 therein, and whether thermistor is used to measure temperature and definite battery 12 of battery overheated.Charger 10 also (for example can comprise temperature sensor, thermistor based sensor or thermometer) with the temperature of the circuit board of measuring each module of having arranged controller 50 on it, so that controller 50 can be taked to correct or prevention action under the situation of overheated at plate (for example, the temperature of plate is above 60 ℃).Comprise the termination charging operations in order to rectification and/or the prevention action of getting rid of dangerous operating condition, or reduce charging current so that the temperature of battery 12 and/or charger 10 reduces.
In some embodiments, use analog logic treatment element (not shown) such as comprising that the special charging control device of threshold value comparator for example handles the signal of received measurement, to determine by voltage and/or measured voltage levvl and the levels of current of current sensor.Charger 10 also can comprise and being used for signal adjustment component such as the filter 51 and 53 of simulating and/or digital input signals carries out signal filtering and processing, to prevent to measure (for example, the mistake of voltage, temperature etc. being measured) by the mistake that extraneous factor such as circuit level noise causes.
Controller 50 also is configured to the voltage at the terminal place of battery 12 is maintained at about the pre-determined upper voltage limit (being also referred to as alternating voltage) (prescribing a time limit in case reached on this) of substantial constant.During battery 12 usefulness were substantially equal to the current charges of charging current, the voltage at battery terminal place can increase.Voltage in order to ensure the battery terminal place is no more than pre-determined upper voltage limit (so that battery can be not overheated, or the operation of battery or expected service life can otherwise not affect adversely), the working voltage transducer (is for example periodically measured, every 0.1 second) voltage at the terminal place of battery 12, reached pre-determined upper voltage limit to determine when.The voltage of measuring conveys to controller 50 by terminal 50b (being labeled as VSENSE).When the voltage at the terminal place of battery 12 had reached pre-determined upper voltage limit, Control current/voltage regulator circuit was with the voltage of the substantial constant at the terminal place that causes battery 12.
In some embodiments, controller 50 is configured to as follows, and monitoring voltage increases speed: the voltage of periodically measuring the terminal place of battery 12, and regulate the charging current that is applied on the battery 12, make pre-determined upper voltage limit in the voltage rise time of certain appointment section, to reach.Advance the speed according to the voltage that records, adjust the charging current level and increase or reduce charging current, make in the voltage rising time of regulation, to reach predetermined upper voltage limit.For example, adjusting the charging current level can carry out according to the predicted correction technology that adopts the Kalman filter.Also can use the adjusting that is used for determining to electric current to obtain other method of pre-determined upper voltage limit.
Fig. 5 describes in order to recharge a kind of exemplary charging rules 80 of the rechargeable battery 12 in the charging compartments that is inserted into charger 10.In the time of in being placed on charging compartments, the charging terminal 14a and 14 of charger 10 is electrically coupled to the charging terminal 18a and the 18b of battery 12, and the sense terminal 16a of charger 10 and 16b are electrically coupled to the charging terminal 20a and the 20b of battery 12.As described herein, therefore special-purpose sense terminal by charger 10 but not measure the voltage of battery and/or the generation that electric current can reduce measure error by the charging terminal of charger 10 can cause the more accurate adjusting to the charging rules of being carried out by charger 10.
Randomly, before the beginning charging operations, charger 10 determines whether to exist any fault state.Therefore, charger 10 is measured the temperature and the voltage of 82 batteries 12.Charger 10 is determined the temperature T of 84 initial measurements 0With voltage V 0(for example, this V in preset range whether 0Between between the 2V to 3.8V, and this temperature T 0Be lower than 60 ℃).This does not cause in the unsafe situation of charging operations under the current condition in predetermined permissible range internal cause for temperature of determine having measured and/or voltage therein, and charger is not proceeded charging operations, and rules 80 will stop.
If determine the temperature T of measurement 0With voltage V 0In predetermined corresponding scope, then charger 10 is with the measuring current I of predetermined value TestApply 86 to the ID resistor 26 of battery 12.The gained voltage drop V at ID resistor 26 places R1The voltage sensor that the terminal 22 of charger 10 is coupled in use is measured.
Measuring voltage V R1Afterwards, the resistance of following calculating 88ID resistor 26:
Figure A20088000981900181
The resistance representative that calculates is connected to the battery 12 on the charger 10, therefore represents the capacity of battery.Therefore, the resistance value that calculates is used to determine 90 charging currents that will be applied on the battery 12.Processor 50 is consulted look-up table, and described look-up table can index the suitable charging current corresponding to the capacity relevant with the resistance value that calculates.In the determined therein capacity situation relevant with a plurality of charging current clauses and subclauses, (for example can use the required charging interval of user, use the input area at user interface 30 to specify) select the suitable clauses and subclauses relevant with battery capacity and/or type, described capacity and/or type are discerned by the resistance of the ID resistor 26 of the representative battery behavior that calculates.In general, to use therein in 5 minutes the embodiment in charging interval, can be in 5 minutes can from look-up table, retrieve the charging current value of battery 12 chargings with determined battery capacity.For example, if determined that based on the resistance of the ID resistor 26 that calculates the battery that is connected has the capacity of 500mAh, then indicate the value of 6A charging current from look-up table, to retrieve.
After the charging current of having determined to be applied on the battery 12, control all step-down controllers 60 as shown in Figure 3 of 92 current/voltage regulating circuits, provide constant current so that be derived from the voltage of power conversion module 40 to rechargeable battery 12.As mentioned above, handling the charging current level value that calculates in 90 places is applied on the battery 12 electric current that is substantially equal to charging current to generate working period signal.The output signal of controller is applied on the transistor 62 of step-down controller 60 for example, is applied on the battery 12 so that be derived from the voltage of power conversion module 40.At the blocking interval of particular duty cycle, power conversion module 40 ends with battery 12, and the energy that is stored in inductor 66 and/or the capacitor 68 discharges to battery with current forms.Electric current that is applied by power conversion module 40 and the currents combination that discharges from inductor 66 and/or capacitor 68 get up to cause being substantially equal to the effective current of determined charging current.
During the current charges with battery 12 usefulness substantial constant, the voltage at battery terminal place can increase.Voltage in order to ensure the battery terminal place is no more than pre-determined upper voltage limit, periodically measures the voltage at the terminal place of 94 (for example, every 0.1 second) battery 12, has reached pre-determined upper voltage limit to determine when.When the voltage at the terminal place of battery 12 had reached pre-determined upper voltage limit, control (for example, starting transistor 62 and 64 by electricity) current/voltage regulating circuit was so that produce the constant voltage level at the terminal place of battery 12.
Randomly, periodically measuring voltage is advanced the speed (96) to reach predetermined upper voltage limit in the voltage of stipulating raises the period.Advance the speed according to the voltage that records, adjust charging current level (corresponding adjustment is applied to the actual signal on the current/voltage regulating circuit) and in the voltage rising time of regulation, reach predetermined upper voltage limit to increase or to reduce charging current, to make.
After definite 98 have passed through the time period that is substantially equal to the charging interval section, stop being applied to the charging current (for example, starting so that the power of being sent by power conversion module 40 is terminated) on the battery 12 by the electricity of ending transistor 62.After the pre-determined upper voltage limit that has reached battery 12, or after having reached certain appointment charge level of battery 12, the charging rules stop when having passed through special time period.
Other embodiment
Embodiments more of the present invention have been described now.But should be appreciated that under the condition that does not deviate from spirit and scope of the invention and can carry out various modifications.Therefore, other embodiment is also within the scope of following claim.

Claims (10)

1. method that is used for rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells, described method comprises:
Determine corresponding battery capacity based on the identifying information that receives from described rechargeable battery;
Determine to be applied to charging current level on the described rechargeable battery based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence, make described battery obtain the pre-determined charge that in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section, reaches; And
To have basically, the charging current of determined approximately levels of current is applied on the described battery.
2. the method for claim 1, determine that wherein the battery capacity of described correspondence comprises:
Measuring current is applied on the identification resistor of described rechargeable battery, described identification resistor is represented the battery capacity of described correspondence; And
Measure the identification voltage drop at described identification resistor place.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, determine that wherein described charging current comprises:
From look-up table, retrieve corresponding to the value that will be applied to the described charging current level on the described rechargeable battery based on described identification voltage drop.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, determine that wherein described charging current comprises:
Based on described identification voltage drop and the described test current calculation resistance value measured; And
From look-up table, select to be applied to charging current level on the described rechargeable battery based on the resistance value that is calculated.
5. method as claimed in claim 2, described method also comprises:
Determine the temperature of described rechargeable battery; And
Based on the described charging current of determined adjustment.
6. the method for claim 1, described method also comprises:
After having passed through the charging interval section that is substantially equal to described charging interval section, stop described charging current.
7. the method for claim 1, the pre-determined charge of wherein said battery be described battery battery capacity at least 90%, and wherein said charging interval section is about 5 minutes.
8. the method for claim 1 wherein applies described charging current and comprises that first group of terminal by charger apparatus is applied to charging current on the described rechargeable battery, and described first group of terminal is configured to apply electric current.
9. method that is used for rechargeable battery charging with at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells, described method comprises:
First group of charging terminal by charger apparatus is applied to charging current on the described rechargeable battery, and described first group of terminal is configured to apply electric current; And
Monitor the voltage at the terminal place of described rechargeable battery by second group of sense terminal of described charger apparatus, described second group of terminal is configured to measuring voltage.
10. charger apparatus, described charger apparatus is configured to having the rechargeable battery charging of at least one rechargeable electrochemical cells, described rechargeable battery comprises battery identification mechanism, described battery identification mechanism is configured to pass on the identifying information of the representative corresponding battery capacity relevant with described rechargeable battery, and described device comprises:
Be configured to admit the charging compartments of described rechargeable battery, described charging compartments comprises:
Charging terminal, described charging terminal are configured to be coupled to the battery terminal separately of described rechargeable battery; With
Battery identification is read mechanism, and described battery identification is read mechanism and is configured to communicate by letter with the battery identification mechanism of described rechargeable battery, and receives described identifying information; With
Controller, described controller is configured to:
Determine the battery capacity of described correspondence based on the described identifying information of the described rechargeable battery of being passed on;
Determine to be applied to charging current level on the described rechargeable battery based on the battery capacity of determined correspondence, make described battery obtain the pre-determined charge that in 15 minutes or shorter charging interval section, reaches; And
To have basically, the charging current of determined approximately levels of current is applied on the described rechargeable battery.
CN200880009819A 2007-03-26 2008-03-25 Ultra fast battery charger with battery sensing part Pending CN101641850A (en)

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