CN101620781B - System and method for forecasting passenger information and searching the same - Google Patents
System and method for forecasting passenger information and searching the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for forecasting passenger information for taxies, comprising a receiving device for receiving taxi operation information collected by a plurality of taxies; a real-time data processing device for combining a plurality of taxi operation information and real-time computing taxi operation information on each link included in a road relative to taxi operation information based on the combined taxi operation information; a prediction processing device for predicting passenger information on each link based on the computed taxi operation information; a sending device for sending the predicted passenger information, and a method for predicting the same passenger information for taxies. And a system and method for searching passenger information for taxies. According to the collected taxi operation information in the past and the present time, probability of the passengers on each road is predicted, directivity and real-time traffic information are considered and then route for searching passengers can be provided more exactly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automobile navigation field, more specifically, relate to a kind of system and method thereof of searching for Customer information for the system of taxi prediction Customer information with for taxi.
Background technology
A kind of taxi job support system is disclosed among the Japanese documentation 2002-334396 (to call patent documentation 1 in the following text); Can collect the various information in the taxi operation process; Through analyzing and add up these information; Taxi company is unified to formulate more effectively vehicle deploying plan, the line of informing that the driver waits for wherein and which way to go.Taxi company just can more reasonably distribute the vehicle that it had like this.
In patent documentation 1, also consider the probabilistic information that the passenger exists, but just gone to calculate passenger's information based on the location point of static state, do not considered the information of the road between the point-to-point, like the directional information of road, traffic congestion information.For example place A possibly have higher passenger's probability than place B, and according to disclosed system in the patent documentation 1, taxi should be gone to A.But the path of going to B possibly have higher passenger's probability than the path of going to A, and traffic maybe be more unimpeded.After gathering through historical data in the document 1 to one day of taxi or many days; Analysis draws better vehicle scheduling plan in second day; But can not real-time passenger's probabilistic information be provided for the taxi driver, can't decide driving path according to the passenger's probability on the current road surface when promptly taxi is being runed.
In addition; In patent documentation 1, do not consider the directivity of road; Therefore how the passenger's probability that can't distinguish the somewhere distributes on the uplink and downlink both direction; If passenger's probability of uplink and downlink both direction differs greatly, the passenger's probabilistic information based on the place just possibly provide wrong information to the driver so, especially when forbidding on this road that head end operation or vehicle can't be reversed end for end.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of invention is the passenger's probability with every road of taxi operation information prediction of past and current collection, considers the directivity and the Real-time Traffic Information of road, and the present invention can provide search passenger's path more accurately through the prediction Customer information.
For the driver, the real-time of passenger's probability is very important, so the calculating of passenger's probability all will get based on up-to-date data computation.Guide the taxi driver effectively to search for the passenger, must know the passenger's probability in the following short time, and the acquisition of this probability is through the data in nearest a period of time being analyzed, being obtained through prediction and calculation.If one recently do not have data in a period of time on the road, so just with the statistics of classification and storage as substitution value, this statistics is carried out the statistic of classification analysis by the data of past collection according to certain condition and is obtained.
Any two-way road all comprises two road chains at least in map, represent two travel directions of uplink and downlink respectively.These two road chains have numbering separately in map, the passenger's probability on two road chains also is to calculate respectively.The transport information of every road chain mainly is meant the degree of blocking up; Can represent that transport information can be generated by the real-time information treating apparatus of native system with average overall travel speed or hourage, also can receive external transport information through the communicator that is positioned at the center; If receive external transport information; Transport information just may further include shoofly and restricts driving, road construction, information such as traffic hazard.
After calculating passenger's probability of all road chains, if just simply the road chain information is reflected to the driver, because quantity of information is too many, the driver still can feel confused, and does not know to walk which direction and just most possibly searches the passenger as early as possible.For addressing the above problem; The present invention can be according to the conditional search current all possible path of taxi within the specific limits for the system of taxi search Customer information; Every paths can comprise many road chains; After the parameter in all paths of COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, search passenger's optimal path is provided to the driver.The driver goes along optimal path, most possibly searches the passenger.
According to first aspect present invention, a kind of system for taxi prediction Customer information is proposed, comprising: receiving trap is used to receive the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis; Real-time data processor is used to make up many taxi operation information of collection and calculates the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination; Prediction processing device is used for predicting every Customer information on the chain of road according to the taxi operation information that calculates; Dispensing device is used to send the Customer information of prediction.
According to second aspect present invention, a kind of method for taxi prediction Customer information is proposed, comprising: receiving step receives the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis; Many taxi operation information that real time data processing step, combination are gathered is also calculated the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination; The prediction processing step according to the taxi operation information that calculates, is predicted every Customer information on the chain of road; Forwarding step sends the Customer information of prediction.
According to third aspect present invention, a kind of system for taxi search Customer information is proposed, comprising: be installed in the onboard system on a plurality of taxis, each onboard system comprises the taxi operation information collecting device, is used to gather taxi operation information; Road searching request device is used for to centring system request Customer information; Vehicular communication unit is used for sending the taxi operation information of gathering to centring system; Centring system comprises: center communication is used to receive the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis; Real-time data processor is used to make up many taxi operation information of collection and calculates the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination; Prediction processing device is used for predicting every Customer information on the chain of road according to the taxi operation information that calculates; Road chain parameter generating apparatus is used to utilize the Customer information on every road chain of prediction to generate the road chain parameter that comprises weighting passenger probability; Wherein onboard system also comprises: the path generating apparatus, be used for the residing position of taxi according to request search passenger, and calculate near all possible paths of this taxi; The path parameter calculation element is used for utilizing according to all possible paths that calculate passenger's probability of road all possible paths of chain calculation of parameter, and selects the Customer information of the highest path of passenger's probability as search.
According to fourth aspect present invention, proposing a kind of centring system is taxi search passenger's method, comprising: forwarding step, send the taxi operation information of gathering to centring system; Receiving step receives the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis; Many taxi operation information that real time data processing step, combination are gathered is also calculated the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination; The prediction processing step according to the taxi operation information that calculates, is predicted every Customer information on the chain of road; Road chain parameter generates step, utilizes the Customer information on every road chain predicting to generate the road chain parameter that comprises weighting passenger probability; The path generates step, according to request search passenger's the residing position of taxi, calculates near all possible paths of this taxi; The path parameter calculation procedure is utilized passenger's probability of road all possible paths of chain calculation of parameter according to all possible paths that calculate, and selects the Customer information of the highest path of passenger's probability as search.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the schematic configuration diagram of system that is used to search for Customer information according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is an example of the format and content of the onboard system information of gathering;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of onboard system;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of road chain;
Fig. 5 is the road chain real-time information data layout that the real-time information treating apparatus generates;
Fig. 6 is the road chain information of forecasting data layout that prediction processing device generates;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of method that is used to search for Customer information according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the statistics form that the statistical study device generates;
Fig. 9 is the classification exemplary plot of weather pattern and date type;
Figure 10 is the part attribute of road chain in the map datum;
Figure 11 is the path synoptic diagram that the path generating apparatus generates;
Figure 12 is the road chained list that the path generating apparatus generates;
Figure 13 is the path parameter table that the path parameter calculation element generates;
Figure 14 is the exemplary plot in the multiple path of path generating apparatus generation;
Figure 15 a shows the schematic configuration diagram of system that is used to search for the passenger according to second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 b shows the process flow diagram of method that is used to search for the passenger according to second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 is the required road chain data instance of vehicle-mounted path parameter calculation element;
Figure 17 is a road chain passenger probability manifestation mode example;
Figure 18 is a path probability manifestation mode example.
Embodiment
Below, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, components identical will be by identical reference symbol or numeral.In addition, in following description of the present invention, with the specific descriptions of omitting known function and configuration, to avoid making theme of the present invention unclear.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic configuration diagram of system that is used to search for the passenger according to first embodiment of the invention.With reference to figure 1, the system that is used to search for the passenger comprises onboard system 1 that can be installed on the taxi and the centring system 2 that the search passenger services is provided.
Fig. 2 shows the example of format and content of the operation information of collection, wherein, and state=00 expression empty wagons (not carrying the passenger); 11 expression real vehicles (having carried the passenger); 01 expression passenger loading; 10 expression passengers get off.In addition, onboard system 1 can comprise an electronic chart, and the current location (gps coordinate) of taxi is directly matched on the road chain on the electronic chart, then chain numbering in road is sent to centring system.Operation information among Fig. 2 will increase " road chain numbering " field so, be used to express the road chain at current place of hiring a car.Thereby centring system 2 just can directly obtain the state of taxi on each road chain.Reduce the calculated load of centring system.The present invention numbers the both direction on the same road respectively, so road chain numbering itself has implied directional information.
For a person skilled in the art; Clearly, onboard system can not installed information display device, the operation information that only provides the on-vehicle information harvester to collect to the center; Also information collecting device can be installed, the routing information that only provides with information display device display centre system.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of said onboard system.Each taxi in the system all is equipped with the on-vehicle information harvester 100 that is used to gather operation information, comprises GPS locating device 120 and vehicle-state pick-up unit 121.GPS locating device 120 can be not limited to gps system, can also be based on the locating device of other system, Galileo navigational system for example, and triones navigation system, or based on the positioning system of mobile phone signal.The vehicular communication unit 170 that is installed on the taxi sends to centring system 2 with operation information.Information display device 150 can be vehicle-mounted display terminal, also can be the entrained portable display terminal of driver, is used for the search passenger's that the display centre system provides routing information.If portable display terminal itself has communication function, so just can directly receive search passenger's routing information from the center.If itself is equipped with navigating instrument taxi, can utilize the navigating instrument display unit to serve as information display device.
To each device in the centring system be described in detail below.
The operation information that real-time information treating apparatus 200 is incited somebody to action matches on every road chain in the map.Real-time data processor 200 comprises taxi and Customer information based on the real-time information that the road chain calculates every road chain.The real-time information that real-time information treating apparatus 200 generates is stored in the historical data base 330.
The road chain is the one section oriented highway section that is divided into out in the real road, and every road all comprises many road chains, and the road of an opposing traffic comprises two road chains at least.As shown in Figure 4, a road is laterally arranged among the figure, two road are vertically arranged, represent that with straight line every road all comprises many directed line segments, i.e. the road chain.Total total 14 road chains that contain among Fig. 4.Preserved the static information of all road chains in the map data base 320, like shape, position, width, length, direction etc., and the connection situation between each road chain.Actual map data base is complicated more, Figure 10 has been an example a part of road chain attribute.
As shown in Figure 5, the real-time information of the road chain that real-time information treating apparatus 200 is generated can comprise road chain numbering, date, time, the quantity of empty wagons (not carrying the passenger), the quantity of real vehicle (having carried the passenger), the passengers quantity of getting on the bus, the degree of blocking up of road chain.The degree of blocking up of road chain can represent with average velocity or average hourage, the show the way average speed per hour of vehicle on the chain of average velocity, and refer to that vehicle passes through the average needed time of this road chain average hourage.The degree of blocking up of road chain can be generated by real-time data processor 200, also can from real-time external environment condition database 370, obtain.For the real-time information on the rational reflection road chain, with being divided into a plurality of time segments in one day 24 hours, if with 10 minutes be a timeslice, whole day just has 144 segments so, the time 1640 among Fig. 5 just is illustrated in the time range between the 16:40-16:50.If with 5 minutes be a timeslice, whole day just has 288 segments so, the time 1640 among Fig. 5 just is illustrated in the time range between the 16:40-16:45.The division of time can be formulated according to the needs of system.
Need the road data of prediction to comprise empty wagons quantity, real vehicle quantity, passengers quantity, the degree etc. of blocking up, the variation at short notice of these data is gradual under the normal condition, so can carry out the prediction of short-term with trend extrapolation to road data.Data instance with road chain 578231 among Fig. 5; The road data of known first three time period 16:30-16:35,16:35-16:40,16:40-16:45; The road data of prediction current slot 16:45-16:50; Adopt the fitting a straight line method, can calculate among Fig. 6 predicted data about road chain 578231.Wherein the passengers quantity of prediction can be used as the predicted value that current slot is being waited for the passenger of taxi.The forecast model that is used for prediction and calculation can be not limited to the fitting a straight line method, can also adopt the weighted fitting straight-line method, other forecast models such as quafric curve trend extrapolation.Always there is certain error in the road data of prediction with actual road data, calculates but each prediction all is based on actual data, so the error of prediction can not accumulated.As long as time slice is divided rationally, just can be with error control in a reasonable range.
Prediction to road data is not limited to Forecasting Methodology, can suitably select according to the characteristic of real data and the size of time slice.The road data of the prediction that prediction processing device 210 generates is used to predict passenger's probability of current slot as the real time data of current slot.
Stored history in the statistical study device 400 analysis of history databases 330 generates the statistical information of every road chain.Because the date, weather, the time all can influence the data of each road chain.So statistical study is based on the date, the classification of weather and time is carried out.The statistical information that generates comprises at least: road chain numbering, time, weather pattern, date type, passenger's probability, the degree of blocking up, error.As shown in Figure 8.
Weather pattern (weather condition) can influence the selection of people to the trip instrument greatly, thereby changes cab-getter's on certain bar road chain flow.For example to select to take the people of taxi more than fine day the rainy day.And date type also can influence the ridership on the road surface, and for example near the road the office building, weekend and workaday ridership have marked difference.Can rule of thumb weather pattern be divided into two kinds of fair weather, bad weather, will be divided into two kinds of working day, holidays the date.So just can historical data at first classify based on weather pattern and date type.As shown in Figure 9, historical data is divided into four big types.So for each time period of every road chain; Passenger's probability of statistics gained just has four, is respectively: the passenger's probability under the passenger's probability under the passenger's probability under the passenger's probability under the working day fair weather, the working day bad weather, the holiday fair weather, the holiday bad weather.Weather pattern and date type also can obtain an objectively classification according to correlation analysis between the historical data and cluster calculation, and the species number that is divided is indefinite.On the basis of classification, carry out statistical study then, if weather pattern has N, date type has M, and for each time period of every road chain, its passenger's probability just has M * N so.
Passenger's probability in the statistical information is meant that taxi searches passenger's probability on the chain of road, and formula (1) has provided the definition of said passenger's probability:
P is passenger's probability of road chain, and A is passenger's on the chain of road a quantity, for historical data, promptly refers to the passengers quantity of getting on the bus at this road chain, and B is the quantity of empty wagons on the chain of road.If on a certain period, the empty wagons quantity on the chain of road is zero, passengers quantity also be zero, passenger's probability is unknowable so.Because passengers quantity obtains through the calculating passenger that gets on the bus, the passenger of wait is arranged on the chain of road probably, but,, cause passengers quantity to be counted zero so the passenger can't get on the bus because there is not empty wagons.Passengers quantity on this path of certain also possibility is actual to be exactly to be zero.So when A=0 and B=0, passenger's probability is unknowable.For the unknowable data of passenger's probability, when carrying out statistical study, need reject.Also can rule of thumb set a default value, as 0.5, the default value in the time of can not knowing as passenger's probability.Consider the degree of blocking up of road chain, formula (2) definition weighting passenger probability P
w,
P calculates gained passenger probability in the formula (1), and C is the coefficient that blocks up of road chain, has reflected the degree of blocking up of road chain, span be (0,1], if the program of blocking up of road chain is to be represented by the average velocity of road chain, define the coefficient C that blocks up of road chain with formula (3)
V is the average velocity of road chain, and S is the speed limit of road chain or a value less than the road speed limit rule of thumb formulating.If the degree of blocking up of road chain is by representing the average hourage of road chain, then, calculate the coefficient that blocks up by formula (3) at first according to the convert average velocity of the road chain that obtains of the length of road chain.In the statistical information that generates " error " reflected the confidence level of passenger's probability, can be standard variance or the mean difference etc. of passenger's probability.
Road chained list shown in figure 12 has provided path generating apparatus 500 and has calculated the road chain information form that the gained path comprises.Path 1 comprises 3 road chains among Figure 12.The road chain-ordering number is that the chain that shows the way puts in order in the path, and finish with road chain 578233 with 578231 beginnings of road chain in path 1.The same formula of computation process (1) of the weighting passenger probability of road chain is identical with the computation process of formula (2), but path generating apparatus 500 carries out road chain generation according to taxi in the road data 300 of prediction and calculation device 210 real-time estimates and Customer information.
If the unpredictable passenger's probability that calculates certain bar road chain; This situation is not often because have taxi through causing not collecting the operation data of taxi on certain bar road chain for a long time; Can adopt the substitution value of the statistics of statistical study device 400 generations so, calculate weighting passenger probability as predicted data.Because taxi limited amount; Can not guarantee in the reality all has taxi on every road chain of same period; Can not guarantee that every road chain of same period can both collect the operation data of taxi, thus with statistics as replenishing, can improve the coverage rate of data.
The parameter in all paths that path parameter calculation element 600 calculating path generating apparatus 500 are generated, the passenger's probability that just is based on the path of most important parameters, promptly taxi goes along every paths, the passenger's who searches probability.Then that passenger's probability is the highest routing information sends to taxi through center communication 170.Figure 13 is the path parameter table that the path parameter calculation element is generated.Path among Figure 13 is the summation of all road chain lengths in the path.Effectively ratio is defined by formula (4)
R
1＝LL/RL (4)
RL is the length in footpath, road 1, LL during by generation pass employed design conditions define, if employed design conditions are 2 kilometers during the generation of path, promptly only calculate the interior path of 2 kilometer range, LL just equals 2 kilometers so.If design conditions are 2 minutes, promptly only calculate 120 seconds paths in the travel range, LL just equals 120 seconds so, and RL is the overall travel time in path at this moment.
The computing formula of path passenger's probability can adopt formula (5),
P
RLBe path passenger's probability, P
wBe passenger's probability of road chain in the path, RR is a road chain length ratio, i.e. the length of each road chain shared ratio in the total length in affiliated path.I=1,2 ..., n is the sequence number of road chain in the path.Formula (5) utilizes passenger's probability of the contained road chain in path to calculate passenger's probability of entire path.
The length in the path that the path generating apparatus generates possibly also possibly be shorter than the distance of design conditions defined greater than the distance of design conditions defined.For example the distance of design conditions defined is 2 kilometers, if the starting point of the last item road chain is in 2 kilometers in the path, but terminal point is outside 2 kilometers, and the length of entire path has just surpassed 2 kilometers so.If the starting point of Actual path is positioned at middle-of-chain position, road in addition, and the calculating of path is with road chain length addition, this also possibly cause path greater than 2 kilometers.Under the inconsistent situation of path, need unify on the same design conditions based on passenger's probability in path.The passenger's probability that obtains like this is only comparability.Formula (6) calculates gained with formula (4) effective ratio with passenger's probability unification in each path on the identical calculations condition; Result after formula (6) calculates is exactly the passenger probability of each paths on the distance of design conditions defined, i.e. effective passenger's probability in path.
P
LL＝P
RL×R
1 (6)
P
RLBe the original route passenger probability that formula (5) calculates gained, R
1Be effective ratio that formula (4) calculates gained, P
LLIt is effective passenger's probability in path.Path parameter calculation element 600 is effective passenger's probability P of each paths relatively
LL, the routing information of optimal result is sent to taxi through center communication.
The design conditions of path generating apparatus also can be appointed as hourage, promptly through certain paths institute's time spent, so just can consider that the jam situation in path come in, and make taxi to the free more efficient of passenger's search.For example, the design conditions of path generating apparatus are 2 minutes, and the summation of the hourage of the road chain that every paths comprised that then generates was exceeded with 2 minutes, and the degree of can blocking up from road chain shown in Figure 8 the hourage of road chain obtains.Also can from real-time external data base 370, obtain.If the starting point of the last item road chain is in restriction in 2 minutes in the path, but terminal point has just surpassed 2 minutes so the hourage of entire path outside restriction in 2 minutes.Each path is inconsistent hourage, so also need unify on the identical calculations condition based on passenger's probability in path.Can adopt formula (4) (5) (6) to obtain effective passenger's probability in path equally.Figure 13 (a) be design conditions be apart from the time path parameter table that generates, Figure 13 (b) is that design conditions are the path parameter table that generates under the situation hourage.
The design conditions of path generating apparatus also can be appointed as the road chain number that the path comprises, and for example stipulate that every paths comprises 3 road chains at most.Every paths that the path generating apparatus generates comprises 3 road chains at most, and Figure 14 has provided exemplary plot, has marked the taxi position in (a); Suppose that vehicle can not be reversed end for end on the road chain in the drawings.(b) be when containing a road chain in the path, the path that the path generating apparatus generates; (c) (d) be when containing two road chains in the path, the path that the path generating apparatus generates; (e) (f) (g) is when containing three road chains in the path (h), the path that the path generating apparatus generates; Path parameter calculation element 600 calculates (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) passenger's probability in path under several kinds of situation such as (h).If it is optimum that multiple passenger's probability is arranged, passenger's probability that mulitpath is for example arranged is more than or equal to 1, so with regard to the shortest path of chosen distance, or the shortest path of time.
After taxi is received routing information; Go along the path, if do not search the passenger yet at the terminal point that drives to the path, taxi sends to centring system with this situation through vehicular communication unit; Centring system just recomputates next bar optimal path automatically; Again the result is sent to taxi through center communication, so back and forth, search the passenger up to taxi.
Fig. 7 illustrates the process flow diagram of method that is used to search for the passenger according to first embodiment of the invention.With reference to figure 7, at S701, the taxi operation information that the vehicular communication unit 170 of onboard system is gathered on-vehicle information harvester 100 sends to center communication 190.At S702, center communication 190 receives the taxi operation information of collection.At S703, many taxi operation message block that real-time data processor 200 will be gathered merge the taxi operation information of calculating in real time on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain.Particularly, taxi operation information comprises vehicle position information (gps coordinate), temporal information (gps time), car speed information, vehicle directional information, vehicle carrying state (passenger gets on and off for empty wagons, carrying).Real-time data processor 200 matches taxi on certain concrete bar road chain according to vehicle location, directional information, and the data of being calculated afterwards all are under the jurisdiction of this road chain.Real-time data processor 200 is judged time period and state under the data of hiring a car according to temporal information and status information.State can be divided into four kinds: empty wagons, real vehicle, empty wagons are transformed into real vehicle (passenger loading), real vehicle is transformed into empty wagons (passenger gets off).Real-time data processor 200 calculates empty wagons quantity and the real vehicle quantity on the Duan Lulian sometime.If variation (passenger getting on/off) has taken place the state of taxi, then how much calculate empty wagons quantity and real vehicle quantity on the chain of road with distance or time that real vehicle state or complete vehicle curb condition operate on the chain of road according to taxi.For example; 200 meters of road chain lengths, taxi converts empty wagons into by real vehicle between 150 meters to 200 meters apart from chain top, road, and then the real vehicle quantity of this road chain adds 1; If taxi converts empty wagons into by real vehicle between 0 meter to 50 meters apart from chain top, road; Then the empty wagons quantity of this road chain adds 1, and taxi converts empty wagons into by real vehicle between 50 meters to 150 meters apart from chain top, road, and then the real vehicle of this road chain and empty wagons quantity respectively add 1.If with time length is criterion, can adopt similar approach to handle.For example the time of taxi time ratio real vehicle state of complete vehicle curb condition on certain road chain long, then the empty wagons quantity of this road chain adds 1, on the contrary real vehicle quantity adds 1, if the mistiming of two states is few, then empty wagons and real vehicle quantity respectively add 1.Through the numbering of vehicle relatively, prevent that same vehicle is repeated to calculate on the chain of same road in the section at one time.Real-time data processor 200 calculates the passenger's that current slots get on the bus from this road chain quantity afterwards, possibly be distributed in any point on the chain of road the road chain passenger that gets on the bus.Can think that the passenger's that gets on the bus the quantity of No. one chain equals on this road chain to convert into from complete vehicle curb condition the quantity of the taxi of real vehicle state.If several passengers have gone up same taxi, the counting of passengers quantity only adds 1.Real-time data processor 200 calculates the degree of blocking up of current slot road chains, the speed data of the taxi through analyzing all the nonstatic states on the chain of road, and the average velocity that can obtain the road chain is as the block up index of degree of road chain.Under the situation of known road chain length, the average hourage that can also calculate the road chain is as the block up index of degree of road chain.The real-time stores that afterwards real-time information treating apparatus 200 is generated in historical data base 330, the Weather information of 330 every days of preserving over of historical data base in addition.
At S704, prediction processing device 210 dopes the road data in the present located time period of hiring a car, and is stored in the predicted link database 300.The true value of the road data of section only just can calculate after all taxi data that collect in this time period sometime, can only obtain through the calculating of prediction processing device 210 for the road data in the taxi present located time period.
At S705, whenever onboard system during to centring system request passenger probabilistic information, near all possible path path generating apparatus 500 calculates and hires a car, every paths all is starting point with the current location, can comprise many road chains.
At S706, the parameter in all paths that path parameter calculation element 600 calculating path generating apparatus 500 are generated, path parameter comprises the passenger's probability based on the path, promptly taxi goes along every paths, searches passenger's probability.Then the highest routing information of passenger's probability is sent to taxi through center communication.After taxi receives routing information, go, thereby can search the passenger along the path.
Generation pass and path parameter are the bigger work of calculated amount; As the thousands of taxi that is distributed on the chain of not going the same way; When asking centering to provide optimum search passenger's path simultaneously; The centring system computational burden can be very big, possibly can't reach real-time, promptly can't the result is provided in time for each taxi.One of solution is that more arithmetic element is installed at the center, improves arithmetic capability.Another kind of solution is on taxi with good conditionsi, electronic chart to be installed, path generating apparatus, path parameter calculation element.The taxi that onboard navigation system generally is installed all carries electronic chart; Can be through installation path generation module and path parameter computing module on onboard system; Realization is accomplished the relevant calculating in path by taxi, and centring system only need transmit to taxi and calculate required data.
Figure 15 illustrates the schematic configuration diagram of system that is used to search for the passenger according to second embodiment of the invention.The difference of this embodiment and first embodiment of the invention is: path generating apparatus 500 is installed on the onboard system 1 with path parameter calculation element 600; Do not comprise path generating apparatus 500 and path parameter calculation element 600 on the centring system 2; And road chain parameter generating apparatus 700 is installed; Thereby centring system has reduced the workload of calculating.
Road chain parameter generating apparatus 700 among Figure 15 combines the road data, statistics of real-time estimates, external environment condition data in real time, the road chain parameter that generation pass parameter calculation apparatus 600 is required.Road chain parameter comprises road chain numbering, weighting passenger probability, road chain length and error or the like.Figure 16 is that road chain parameter generating apparatus 700 transmits to onboard system through center communication, the road chain example of parameters that aforementioned vehicle-mounted path parameter calculation element 600 is required.
If the staqtistical data base 350 that statistical study device 400 is generated is installed on the taxi; And substitute all real time datas with statistics fully; Centring system just need the onboard system transmission on taxi not be similar to the real-time road chain parameter of Figure 16 so, and only need transmit current date type and weather pattern.In addition, if onboard system oneself has date type and weather pattern calculation element.Centring system just need not sent any information to onboard system, and onboard system is accomplished the calculating in path voluntarily.Can further reduce the load of centring system like this.Centring system generates staqtistical data base 350 as long as gather the operation data of taxi.
In real time external environment condition database 370 has been preserved some real-time external environment condition data, and the external environment condition data can comprise the road chain degree of blocking up, and influence the special event of ridership, date type, weather pattern.The external environment condition data are through the outside known data of receiving system, form through arrangement, have reflected that on each road chain of current period some influence the factor of ridership.Near for example certain theater or gymnasium end of a performance can cause on the chain of road ridership increases.When the road degree of blocking up can obtain from already present external system, the centring system among the present invention just need not calculated the degree of blocking up of road chain.Aforementioned date type and weather pattern, corresponding with date type and weather pattern among Fig. 9, when the real time data of road chain can't obtain, just can in staqtistical data base, search corresponding statistical value according to current date type, weather pattern.External environment condition database 370 can also be preserved information such as real-time road restricted driving, Lane Closed, interim traffic control in real time in addition, and these information help the aforesaid paths generating apparatus and generate effective path, avoid the driver to take a wrong way.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, at first calculated passenger's probability of every road chain, again based on passenger's probability in passenger's probability calculation path of every road chain.Another kind method is the passenger's probability that does not calculate every road chain, only calculates every ridership and empty wagons flow on the chain of road, calculates ridership and empty wagons flow on the entire path then, calculates the probability in whole piece path at last again.Like formula (7)
P is passenger's probability in path, and A is passenger's on the path a quantity, and B is the quantity of empty wagons on the path.If on a certain period, the empty wagons quantity on the path is zero, passengers quantity also be zero; Passenger's probability is unknowable so; Because passengers quantity obtains through the calculating passenger that gets on the bus, the passenger of wait is arranged on the path probably, but because there is not empty wagons; So the passenger can't get on the bus, cause passengers quantity to be counted zero.Passengers quantity on this path of certain also possibility is actual to be exactly to be zero.So when A=0 and B=0, passenger's probability is unknowable.Consider the degree of blocking up in path, with the weighting passenger probability P of formula (8) calculating path
w,
P calculates gained passenger probability in the formula (7), C is the coefficient that blocks up in path.The degree of blocking up that has reflected the path, span be (0,1], if the program of blocking up in path is to be represented by the average velocity in path, with the coefficient C that blocks up of formula (9) definition road chain
V is the average velocity in path, and S is the speed limit in path or a value less than speed limit rule of thumb formulating.If the degree of blocking up in path is by representing the average hourage in path, then, calculate the coefficient that blocks up by formula (9) at first according to the convert average velocity in the path that obtains of the length in path.At last according to effective passenger's probability of formula (6) calculating path.
Path of the present invention generating apparatus is a generation pass according to the map, if taxi is positioned on the path of newly repairing or the biotope, map does not also have enough time to upgrade, and the path generating apparatus possibly can't generate active path so.A kind of solution is that calculating supposes that this road chain is the current place of a taxi road chain, generation pass, passenger's probability of calculating path then from the nearest road chain of taxi current location.Another method is that near passenger's probability of the road chain the taxi or passengers quantity information are directly sent to taxi, lets taxi driver oneself select the route that goes.Shown in figure 17, can mark the passenger's probability or the passengers quantity of each road chain among the figure with numeral, also can illustrate the passenger's probability of each road chain or the size of passengers quantity with the thickness of road chain lines or color.If aforementioned onboard system can display image; Just information shown in figure 17 is sent to onboard system; If the information display system of aforementioned onboard system can only display text; Just can use the form of Lu Mingjia passenger's probability or passengers quantity, the Customer information near the road taxi is sent to taxi.
Centring system of the present invention is when receiving the services request of onboard system, and calculating the current period automatically according to the current location of vehicle is starting point with the taxi current location, optimum search passenger's path.The services request of onboard system can be sent automatically, also can manually control.Automatically send can through with taxi on fee register interlock come in real time, when fee register settle accounts, onboard system just thought that current passenger has got off, and needed to calculate the path of searching for next passenger, onboard system sends request from the trend centring system.After sky has been sailed a segment distance,, just think not search the passenger that onboard system can send services request to centring system again automatically once more if fee register does not begin valuation yet.The driver of taxi also can forbid that onboard system sends request from the trend centring system, promptly can only manually send request through manual device.If onboard system itself contains path generating apparatus and path parameter calculation element; The calculating in path is accomplished in onboard system so; This also can be divided into automatic mode and two kinds of patterns of manual mode; But which kind of pattern no matter, as long as onboard system begins calculating path, onboard system all can calculate desired parameters from trend centring system request path so.
System according to the invention helps the taxi driver, searches passenger's system as early as possible along the path of optimum.Taxi itself is the part of said system, is used to gather the operation data of taxi, is again the object of said system service.When taxi sends services request, can the position of oneself be sent to system simultaneously.System at first with the location matches of taxi to nearest road chain; Calculate all feasible paths in the certain limit around the taxi then, and search passenger's probability along every paths, comprise taxi in the original place etc. passenger's the probability by the time of biding one's time.Shown in figure 18.Stain is represented the taxi position among Figure 18, (a) has provided taxi is waited until the passenger in the original place probability, Figure 18 (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) be passenger's probability of each paths in 1 kilometer distance.Wherein path (e) to search passenger's probability the highest.System sends to taxi with the information of path (e).Information display device on the taxi offers the driver with the form of image or text with path (e).The driver goes according to path (e).System also can send to the mulitpath of (a)～(h) information display device of taxi, after the information display device of taxi sorts all paths by passenger's probability height so, at first shows the path (e) that passenger's probability is the highest.If the driver is unwilling to walk path (e) or path (e) is temporarily obstructed because of traffic control, can also manually let information display device show the path (f) that passenger's probability second is high.By that analogy, the driver can manually select any paths.If taxi goes along selected path; Parallel finishing predefined distance or time; As 1 kilometer or 1 minute; Also do not search the passenger, onboard system will be positioned at the path center or vehicle-mounted generating apparatus transmission request from trend so, and search passenger's optimal path is calculated in request once more.Search the passenger or the driver forbids that manually system provides service to it up to taxi.
Figure 15 b shows the process flow diagram of method that is used to search for the passenger according to second embodiment of the invention.To briefly describe this method combining Figure 15 a below.At S1501, vehicle-state pick-up unit 121 is gathered taxi operation information with GPS equipment 120, and sends to center communication 190 through vehicular communication unit 170.At S1502, many taxi operation information of the collection that real-time data processor 200 combination receives through center communication 190 is also calculated the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination.Afterwards, at S1503, the road data on every road chain of prediction processing device 210 predictions.At S1504, road chain parameter generating apparatus 700 utilizes the road data on every road chain predicting to generate the road chain parameter that comprises weighting passenger probability with real-time external environment condition database 370.At S1505, road chain parameter generating apparatus 700 sends to onboard system 1 with road chain parameter.At S1506, path generating apparatus 500 calculates near all possible paths of this taxi according to request search passenger's the residing position of taxi.Afterwards, at S1507, the path parameter calculation element utilizes the path parameter (comprising passenger's probability) of road all possible paths of chain calculation of parameter according to all possible paths that calculate, and selects to have comprised the Customer information of the path parameter of the highest passenger's probability as search.Thereby taxi can be searched for the passenger on the nigh path according to the Customer information that obtains in real time.
Though the system shown in the present invention is used to search for Customer information, clearly, system of the present invention can also be applied to other field, for example searches for traffic information or the like.
Although with reference to specific embodiment, invention has been described, the present invention should not limited these embodiment, and should only be limited accompanying claims.Should be understood that under the prerequisite that does not depart from scope of the present invention and spirit, those of ordinary skills can change or revise embodiment.
Claims (24)
1. system for taxi prediction Customer information comprises:
Receiving trap is used to receive by the taxi operation information of a plurality of taxi collections and the request to the prediction Customer information of being sent by arbitrary taxi;
Real-time data processor is used to make up many taxi operation information of collection and calculates the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination;
Prediction processing device is used for predicting every Customer information on the chain of road according to the taxi operation information that calculates;
The path generating apparatus is used for the residing position of taxi according to request prediction Customer information, calculates near all possible paths of said taxi;
The path parameter calculation element is used to utilize the Customer information on every road chain of prediction to calculate passenger's probability of all possible paths according to all possible paths that generate, and selects the highest path of passenger's probability;
Dispensing device is used for sending the routing information in the highest path of passenger's probability to the taxi of request prediction Customer information.
2. the system of claim 1, wherein prediction processing device is utilized the fitting a straight line method, and one of weighted fitting straight-line method and quafric curve trend extrapolation are predicted.
3. the system of claim 1, wherein the path generating apparatus calculates near all possible paths the taxi according to predetermined condition.
4. system as claimed in claim 3, wherein predetermined condition comprises distance, hourage, one of road chain number.
5. like the described system of one of claim 1-4; Wherein the path parameter calculation element is obtained every passenger's probability on the chain of road according to the Customer information on every road chain of prediction, the passenger's probability on every road chain is carried out weighting and obtain passenger's probability in affiliated path based on the length ratio in path under passenger's probability of every road chain of weighting and every road chain and this road chain according to the path congestion status.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the path parameter calculation element is based on the effective passenger's probability that imposes a condition with the every paths of passenger's probability calculation in effective ratio of physical condition and affiliated path.
7. the system of claim 1; Wherein the path parameter calculation element, carries out weighting and basis according to the path congestion status to passenger's probability of every paths and imposes a condition and calculate effective passenger's probability of every paths with effective ratio of physical condition the ridership of every paths and passenger's probability of empty wagons throughput ratio as the path according to the Customer information on every road chain of prediction.
8. the system of claim 1 wherein also comprises:
Historical data base is used for the taxi operation information that the storage of real time data processing equipment generates;
The statistical study device is used for the statistical information that generates one of at least every road chain of the passenger's probability that comprises the road chain according to the taxi operation information of historical data library storage based on date, time, weather.
9. method for taxi prediction Customer information comprises:
First receiving step receives the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis;
Many taxi operation information that real time data processing step, combination are gathered is also calculated the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination;
The prediction processing step according to the taxi operation information that calculates, is predicted every Customer information on the chain of road;
Second receiving step receives the request to the prediction Customer information of being sent by arbitrary taxi;
The path generates step, according to the residing position of taxi of request prediction Customer information, calculates near all possible paths of said taxi;
The path parameter calculation procedure is utilized the Customer information on every road chain predicting to calculate passenger's probability of all possible paths according to all possible paths that generate, and is selected the highest path of passenger's probability;
Forwarding step, the routing information to the highest path of the taxi transmission passenger probability of request prediction Customer information.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said prediction processing step is utilized the fitting a straight line method, and one of weighted fitting straight-line method and quafric curve trend extrapolation are predicted.
11. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the path generates step and calculates near all possible paths the taxi according to predetermined condition.
12. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein predetermined condition comprises distance, hourage, one of road chain number.
13. like the described method of one of claim 9-12; Wherein the path parameter calculation procedure is obtained every passenger's probability on the chain of road according to the Customer information on every road chain of prediction, and the passenger's probability on every road chain is carried out weighting and obtains passenger's probability in affiliated path based on the length ratio in path under passenger's probability of every road chain of weighting and every road chain and this road chain.
14. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the path parameter calculation procedure is based on the effective passenger's probability that imposes a condition with the every paths of passenger's probability calculation in effective ratio of physical condition and affiliated path.
15. method as claimed in claim 9 wherein also comprises:
The statistical study step is based on the statistical information that generates one of at least every road chain of the passenger's probability that comprises the road chain according to the taxi operation information of historical data library storage in date, time, the weather.
16. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the path parameter calculation procedure is carried out weighting and basis according to the path congestion status to passenger's probability of every paths as passenger's probability in path with the ridership of every paths and empty wagons throughput ratio according to the Customer information on every road chain of prediction and is imposed a condition and calculate effective passenger's probability of every paths with effective ratio of physical condition.
17. the system for taxi search Customer information comprises:
Be installed in the onboard system on a plurality of taxis, each onboard system comprises
The taxi operation information collecting device is used to gather taxi operation information;
Road searching request device is used for to centring system request Customer information;
Vehicular communication unit is used for sending the taxi operation information of gathering to centring system;
Centring system comprises:
Center communication is used to receive the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis;
Real-time data processor is used to make up many taxi operation information of collection and calculates the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination;
Prediction processing device is used for predicting every Customer information on the chain of road according to the taxi operation information that calculates;
Road chain parameter generating apparatus is used to utilize the Customer information on every road chain of prediction to generate the road chain parameter that comprises weighting passenger probability;
Wherein onboard system also comprises:
The path generating apparatus is used for the residing position of taxi according to request search passenger, calculates near all possible paths of this taxi;
The path parameter calculation element is used for utilizing according to all possible paths that calculate passenger's probability of road all possible paths of chain calculation of parameter, and selects the Customer information of the highest path of passenger's probability as search.
18. system as claimed in claim 17, wherein
Prediction processing device is utilized the fitting a straight line method, and one of weighted fitting straight-line method and quafric curve trend extrapolation are predicted.
19. system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the path generating apparatus calculates near all possible paths the taxi according to predetermined condition.
20. system as claimed in claim 18, wherein centring system also comprises:
Historical data base is used for the taxi operation information that the storage of real time data processing equipment generates;
The statistical study device is used for the statistical information that generates one of at least every road chain of the passenger's probability that comprises the road chain according to the taxi operation information of historical data library storage based on date, time, weather.
21. a centring system is taxi search passenger's a method, comprising:
Forwarding step sends the taxi operation information of gathering to centring system;
Receiving step receives the taxi operation information of being gathered by a plurality of taxis;
Many taxi operation information that real time data processing step, combination are gathered is also calculated the taxi operation information on every included on the road relevant with taxi operation information road chain based on the taxi operation information real-time of combination;
The prediction processing step according to the taxi operation information that calculates, is predicted every Customer information on the chain of road;
Road chain parameter generates step, utilizes the Customer information on every road chain predicting to generate the road chain parameter that comprises weighting passenger probability;
The path generates step, according to request search passenger's the residing position of taxi, calculates near all possible paths of this taxi;
The path parameter calculation procedure is utilized passenger's probability of road all possible paths of chain calculation of parameter according to all possible paths that calculate, and selects the Customer information of the highest path of passenger's probability as search.
22. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
The prediction processing step is utilized the fitting a straight line method, and one of weighted fitting straight-line method and quafric curve trend extrapolation are predicted.
23. method as claimed in claim 22, wherein the path generates step and calculates near all possible paths the taxi according to predetermined condition.
24. method as claimed in claim 22 wherein also comprises:
The statistical study step is based on the statistical information that generates one of at least every road chain of the passenger's probability that comprises the road chain according to the taxi operation information of historical data library storage in date, time, the weather.
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